메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 18, 2015, Pages 10435-10452

Model studies of volatile diesel exhaust particle formation: Are organic vapours involved in nucleation and growth?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; DIESEL; MODELING; NUCLEATION; SULFUR; URBAN AREA;

EID: 84942428299     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-10435-2015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 75549086818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling aerosol number distributions from a vehicle exhaust with an aerosol CFD model
    • Albriet, B., Sartelet, K. N., Lacour, S., Carissimo, B., and Seigneur, C.: Modelling aerosol number distributions from a vehicle exhaust with an aerosol CFD model, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1126-1137, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 1126-1137
    • Albriet, B.1    Sartelet, K.N.2    Lacour, S.3    Carissimo, B.4    Seigneur, C.5
  • 2
    • 67649601271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-distribution dependent lung deposition of diesel exhaust particles
    • Alföldy, B., Gieschaskiel, B., Hofmann, W., and Drossinos, Y.: Size-distribution dependent lung deposition of diesel exhaust particles. J. Aerosol Sci., 40, 652-663, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 652-663
    • Alföldy, B.1    Gieschaskiel, B.2    Hofmann, W.3    Drossinos, Y.4
  • 4
    • 0033153612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of massive negative chemiions in the exhaust plume of a jet aircraft in flight
    • Arnold, F., Curtius, J., Sierau, B., Bürger, V., Busen, R., and Schumann, U.: Detection of massive negative chemiions in the exhaust plume of a jet aircraft in flight, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1577-1580, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 1577-1580
    • Arnold, F.1    Curtius, J.2    Sierau, B.3    Bürger, V.4    Busen, R.5    Schumann, U.6
  • 5
    • 33749249915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First gaseous sulfuric acid measurements in automobile exhaust: Implications for volatile nanoparticle formation
    • Arnold, F., Pirjola, L., Aufmhoff, H., Schuck, T., Lähde, T., and Hämeri, K.: First gaseous sulfuric acid measurements in automobile exhaust: Implications for volatile nanoparticle formation. Atmos. Environ., 40, 7097-7105, 2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Environ. , vol.40 , pp. 7097-7105
    • Arnold, F.1    Pirjola, L.2    Aufmhoff, H.3    Schuck, T.4    Lähde, T.5    Hämeri, K.6
  • 6
    • 84867903865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First on-line measurements of sulphuric acid gas in modern heavy duty diesel engine exhaust: Implications for nanoparticle formation
    • Arnold, F., Pirjola, L., Rönkkö, T., Reichl, U., Schlager, H., Lähde, T., Heikkilä, J., and Keskinen, J.: First on-line measurements of sulphuric acid gas in modern heavy duty diesel engine exhaust: Implications for nanoparticle formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 11227-11234, 2012.
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.46 , pp. 11227-11234
    • Arnold, F.1    Pirjola, L.2    Rönkkö, T.3    Reichl, U.4    Schlager, H.5    Lähde, T.6    Heikkilä, J.7    Keskinen, J.8
  • 7
    • 0037392748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Even-odd alternation of evaporation rates and vapor pressures of C3-C9 dicarboxylic acid aerosols
    • Bilde, M., Svenningsson, B., Mønster, J., and Rosenørn, T.: Even-odd alternation of evaporation rates and vapor pressures of C3-C9 dicarboxylic acid aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 1371-1378, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 1371-1378
    • Bilde, M.1    Svenningsson, B.2    Mønster, J.3    Rosenørn, T.4
  • 10
    • 0033081999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas-to-particle conversion in the atmosphere: II. Analytical models of nucleation bursts
    • Clement, C. F. and Ford, I. J.: Gas-to-particle conversion in the atmosphere: II. Analytical models of nucleation bursts, Atmos. Environ., 33, 489-499, 1999.
    • (1999) Atmos. Environ. , vol.33 , pp. 489-499
    • Clement, C.F.1    Ford, I.J.2
  • 12
    • 33750353541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the binary H2SO4-H2O homogeneous nucleation in the formation of volatile nanoparticles in the vehicular exhaust
    • Du, H. and Yu, F.: Role of the binary H2SO4-H2O homogeneous nucleation in the formation of volatile nanoparticles in the vehicular exhaust, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7579-7588, 2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Environ. , vol.40 , pp. 7579-7588
    • Du, H.1    Yu, F.2
  • 13
    • 49749095681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle formation in the exhaust of vehicles running on ultra-low sulfur fuel
    • Du, H. and Yu, F.: Nanoparticle formation in the exhaust of vehicles running on ultra-low sulfur fuel, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4729-4739, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4729-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 4729-4739
    • Du, H.1    Yu, F.2
  • 14
    • 24644482402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of sulphuric acid to atmospheric particle formation and growth: A comparison between boundary layers in Northern and Central Europe
    • Fiedler, V., Dal Maso, M., Boy, M., Aufmhoff, H., Hoffmann, J., Schuck, T., Birmili, W., Hanke, M., Uecker, J., Arnold, F., and Kulmala, M.: The contribution of sulphuric acid to atmospheric particle formation and growth: a comparison between boundary layers in Northern and Central Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1773-1785, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1773-2005, 2005.
    • (2005) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 1773-1785
    • Fiedler, V.1    Dal Maso, M.2    Boy, M.3    Aufmhoff, H.4    Hoffmann, J.5    Schuck, T.6    Birmili, W.7    Hanke, M.8    Uecker, J.9    Arnold, F.10    Kulmala, M.11
  • 15
    • 55349141068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diesel nucleation mode particles: Semivolatile or solid?
    • Filippo, A. and Maricq, M.: Diesel nucleation mode particles: Semivolatile or solid? Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 7957-7962, 2008.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 7957-7962
    • Filippo, A.1    Maricq, M.2
  • 16
    • 0003722524 scopus 로고
    • translated by: Daisley, R. E. and Fuchs, M., Dover Publications, New York
    • Fuchs, N. A.: The mechanics of aerosols, translated by: Daisley, R. E. and Fuchs, M., Dover Publications, New York, 1964.
    • (1964) The Mechanics of Aerosols
    • Fuchs, N.A.1
  • 17
    • 0002563701 scopus 로고
    • High dispersed aerosols, in
    • edited by: Hidy, G. M. and Brock, J. R., Pergamon, New York
    • Fuchs, N. A. and Sutugin, A. G.: High dispersed aerosols, in: Topics in current aerosol research (Part 2), edited by: Hidy, G. M. and Brock, J. R., Pergamon, New York, 1971.
    • (1971) Topics in Current Aerosol Research (Part 2)
    • Fuchs, N.A.1    Sutugin, A.G.2
  • 19
    • 19544389278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation potential of vehicle exhaust nucle-ation mode particles on-road and in the laboratory
    • Giechaskiel, B., Ntziachristos, L., Samaras, Z., Scheer, V., Casati, R., and Vogt, R.: Formation potential of vehicle exhaust nucle-ation mode particles on-road and in the laboratory, Atmos. Environ. 39, 3191-3198, 2005.
    • (2005) Atmos. Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 3191-3198
    • Giechaskiel, B.1    Ntziachristos, L.2    Samaras, Z.3    Scheer, V.4    Casati, R.5    Vogt, R.6
  • 20
    • 63849150098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ejector dilutors on measurements of automotive exhaust gas aerosol size distributions
    • Giechaskiel, B., Ntziachristo, L., and Samaras, Z.: Effect of ejector dilutors on measurements of automotive exhaust gas aerosol size distributions, Meas. Sci. Technol. 20, 45703-45710, 2009.
    • (2009) Meas. Sci. Technol. , vol.20 , pp. 45703-45710
    • Giechaskiel, B.1    Ntziachristo, L.2    Samaras, Z.3
  • 21
    • 0036591953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygroscopic properties of mixed ammonium sulfate and carboxylic acid particles
    • Hämeri, K., Charlson, R., and Hansson, H.-C., Hygroscopic properties of mixed ammonium sulfate and carboxylic acid particles, AIChE Journal, 48, 1309-1316, 2002.
    • (2002) AIChE Journal , vol.48 , pp. 1309-1316
    • Hämeri, K.1    Charlson, R.2    Hansson, H.-C.3
  • 24
    • 0031260506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical techniques to solve condensational and dissolutional growth equations when growth is coupled to reversible reactions
    • Jacobson, M. Z.: Numerical techniques to solve condensational and dissolutional growth equations when growth is coupled to reversible reactions, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 27, 491-498, 1997.
    • (1997) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.27 , pp. 491-498
    • Jacobson, M.Z.1
  • 26
    • 80054850924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new flexible multi-component model for the study of aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer
    • Karl, M., Gross, A., Pirjola, L., and Leck, C.: A new flexible multi-component model for the study of aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer, Tellus B, 63, 1001-1025, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00562.x, 2011.
    • (2011) Tellus B , vol.63 , pp. 1001-1025
    • Karl, M.1    Gross, A.2    Pirjola, L.3    Leck, C.4
  • 27
    • 84860648712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of new particle formation in the marine boundary layer over the central Arctic Ocean using a flexible multicomponent aerosol dynamic model
    • Karl, M., Leck, C., Gross, A., and Pirjola, L.: A study of new particle formation in the marine boundary layer over the central Arctic Ocean using a flexible multicomponent aerosol dynamic model, Tellus B, 64, 17158, doi:10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17158, 2012a.
    • (2012) Tellus B , vol.64 , pp. 17158
    • Karl, M.1    Leck, C.2    Gross, A.3    Pirjola, L.4
  • 29
    • 0023159691 scopus 로고
    • Motor exhaust emissions as a primary source for dicarboxylic acid in Los Angeles ambient air
    • Kawamura, K. and Kaplan, I. R.: Motor exhaust emissions as a primary source for dicarboxylic acid in Los Angeles ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 105-110, 1987.
    • (1987) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.21 , pp. 105-110
    • Kawamura, K.1    Kaplan, I.R.2
  • 30
    • 78649659437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can Real-World Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution be Reproduced in the Laboratory? A Critical Review
    • Keskinen, J. and Rönkkö, T.: Can Real-World Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution be Reproduced in the Laboratory? A Critical Review, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 60, 1245-1255, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.60 , pp. 1245-1255
    • Keskinen, J.1    Rönkkö, T.2
  • 32
    • 33947498393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels
    • Kettunen, J., Lanki, T., Tiittanen, P., Aalto, P. P., Koskentalo, T., Kulmala, M., Salomaa, V., and Pekkanen, J.: Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels, Stroke, 38, 918-922, 2007.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 918-922
    • Kettunen, J.1    Lanki, T.2    Tiittanen, P.3    Aalto, P.P.4    Koskentalo, T.5    Kulmala, M.6    Salomaa, V.7    Pekkanen, J.8
  • 33
    • 84860626575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of particle numbers and elemental carbon from road-traffic, a harbor and an airstrip in the Netherlands
    • Keuken, M. P., Henzing, J. S., Zandveld, P., van den Elshout, S., and Karl, M.: Dispersion of particle numbers and elemental carbon from road-traffic, a harbor and an airstrip in the Netherlands, Atmos. Environ., 54, 320-327, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Environ. , vol.54 , pp. 320-327
    • Keuken, M.P.1    Henzing, J.S.2    Zandveld, P.3    Van Den Elshout, S.4    Karl, M.5
  • 34
    • 85072431063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle size distribution from heady-duty diesel engine: Steady-state and transient emission measurement using two dilution systems and two fuels
    • Khalek, I. A., Spears, M., and Charmley, W.: Particle size distribution from heady-duty diesel engine: Steady-state and transient emission measurement using two dilution systems and two fuels, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003-01-0285, 2003.
    • (2003) SAE Technical Paper Series, 2003-01-0285
    • Khalek, I.A.1    Spears, M.2    Charmley, W.3
  • 35
    • 0032101028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engines and nanoparticles: A review
    • Kittelson, D. B.: Engines and nanoparticles: A review, J. Aerosol Sci., 29, 575-588, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 575-588
    • Kittelson, D.B.1
  • 38
    • 0031867339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterizations for sulfuric acid/water nucleation rates
    • Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and Pirjola, L.: Parameterizations for sulfuric acid/water nucleation rates, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8301-8308, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 8301-8308
    • Kulmala, M.1    Laaksonen, A.2    Pirjola, L.3
  • 40
    • 33645807623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster activation theory as an explanation of the linear dependence between formation rate of 3nm particles and sulphuric acid concentration
    • Kulmala, M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Laaksonen, A.: Cluster activation theory as an explanation of the linear dependence between formation rate of 3nm particles and sulphuric acid concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 787-793, doi:10.5194/acp-6-787-2006, 2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 787-793
    • Kulmala, M.1    Lehtinen, K.E.J.2    Laaksonen, A.3
  • 43
    • 77950950444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence between non-volatile nucleation mode particle and soot number concentrations in an EGR equipped heavy duty diesel engine exhaust
    • Lähde, T., Rönkkö, T., Virtanen, A., Solla, A., Kytö, M., Söder-ström, C., and Keskinen, J.: Dependence between non-volatile nucleation mode particle and soot number concentrations in an EGR equipped heavy duty diesel engine exhaust, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 3175-3180, 2010.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 3175-3180
    • Lähde, T.1    Rönkkö, T.2    Virtanen, A.3    Solla, A.4    Kytö, M.5    Söderström, C.6    Keskinen, J.7
  • 44
    • 1942454553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for particle formation and growth in the atmosphere with molecular resolution in size
    • Lehtinen, K. E. J. and Kulmala, M.: A model for particle formation and growth in the atmosphere with molecular resolution in size, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 251-257, doi:10.5194/acp-3-251-2003, 2003.
    • (2003) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.3 , pp. 251-257
    • Lehtinen, K.E.J.1    Kulmala, M.2
  • 45
    • 0033633440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical properties and vapor pressure equation for alkanes CnH2n+2: Normal alkanes and isomers for n=4 through n=9
    • Lemmon, E. W. and Goodwin, A. R. H.: Critical properties and vapor pressure equation for alkanes CnH2n+2: normal alkanes and isomers for n=4 through n=9. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 29, 1-39, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , vol.29 , pp. 1-39
    • Lemmon, E.W.1    Goodwin, A.R.H.2
  • 46
    • 33750993506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computation of maximum rate of water-sulphuric acid nucle-ation in diesel exhaust
    • Lemmetty, M., Pirjola, L., Mäkelä, J. M., Rönkkö, T., and Keskinen, J.: Computation of maximum rate of water-sulphuric acid nucle-ation in diesel exhaust, J. Aerosol Sci., 37, 1596-1604, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1596-1604
    • Lemmetty, M.1    Pirjola, L.2    Mäkelä, J.M.3    Rönkkö, T.4    Keskinen, J.5
  • 47
    • 52949119122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sulphur in diesel exhaust aerosol: Models comparison with measurements
    • Lemmetty, M., Rönkkö, T., Virtanen, A., Keskinen, J., and Pirjola, L.: The effect of sulphur in diesel exhaust aerosol: Models comparison with measurements, Aerosol Sci. Techno., 42, 916-929, doi:10.1080/02786820802360682, 2008.
    • (2008) Aerosol Sci. Techno. , vol.42 , pp. 916-929
    • Lemmetty, M.1    Rönkkö, T.2    Virtanen, A.3    Keskinen, J.4    Pirjola, L.5
  • 48
    • 85012517273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional simulation of exhaust particle dispersion and concentration fields in the near-wake region of the studied ground vehicle
    • Liu, Y. H., He, Z., and Chan, T. L.: Three-dimensional simulation of exhaust particle dispersion and concentration fields in the near-wake region of the studied ground vehicle, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45, 1019-1030, doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.580021, 2011
    • (2011) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.45 , pp. 1019-1030
    • Liu, Y.H.1    He, Z.2    Chan, T.L.3
  • 49
    • 45949083219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of diesel nanoparticle nucleation mechanism
    • Ma, H., Jung, H., and Kittelson, D. B.: Investigation of diesel nanoparticle nucleation mechanism, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42, 335-342, 2008.
    • (2008) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 335-342
    • Ma, H.1    Jung, H.2    Kittelson, D.B.3
  • 50
    • 0037079594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of the catalytic converter and fuel sulphur level on motor vehicle partic-ulate matter emissions: Light duty diesel vehicles
    • Maricq, M., Chase, R., Xu, N., and Laing, P.: The effects of the catalytic converter and fuel sulphur level on motor vehicle partic-ulate matter emissions: Light duty diesel vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 283-289, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 283-289
    • Maricq, M.1    Chase, R.2    Xu, N.3    Laing, P.4
  • 52
    • 0018654009 scopus 로고
    • New particle formation in the presence of an aerosol
    • McMurry, P. H. and Friedlander, S. K.: New particle formation in the presence of an aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 13, 1635-1651, 1979.
    • (1979) Atmos. Environ. , vol.13 , pp. 1635-1651
    • McMurry, P.H.1    Friedlander, S.K.2
  • 53
    • 35148895450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New parameterization of sulfuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions
    • Merikanto, J., Napari, I., Vehkamäki, H., Anttila, T., and Kul-mala, M.: New parameterization of sulfuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15207, doi:10.1029/2006JD007977, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112 , pp. D15207
    • Merikanto, J.1    Napari, I.2    Vehkamäki, H.3    Anttila, T.4    Kulmala, M.5
  • 54
    • 0041442135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of ternary nucleation rates for H2SO4-NH3-H2O vapors
    • Napari, I., Noppel, M., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Parameterization of ternary nucleation rates for H2SO4-NH3-H2O vapors, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4381, doi:10.1029/2002JD002131, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4381
    • Napari, I.1    Noppel, M.2    Vehkamäki, H.3    Kulmala, M.4
  • 56
    • 84929340019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CFD modeling of a vehicle exhaust laboratory sampling system: Sulfur-driven nucleation and growth in diluting diesel exhaust
    • Olin, M., Rönkkö, T., and Dal Maso, M.: CFD modeling of a vehicle exhaust laboratory sampling system: sulfur-driven nucleation and growth in diluting diesel exhaust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5305-5323, doi:10.5194/acp-15-5305-2015, 2015.
    • (2015) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.15 , pp. 5305-5323
    • Olin, M.1    Rönkkö, T.2    Dal Maso, M.3
  • 58
    • 0035139725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The water cycles of water-soluble organic salts of atmospheric importance
    • Peng, C. and Chan, C. K.: The water cycles of water-soluble organic salts of atmospheric importance, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1183-1192, 2001.
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 1183-1192
    • Peng, C.1    Chan, C.K.2
  • 59
    • 67849128547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source apportionment of urban fine and ultrafine particle number concentration in a Western Mediterranean city
    • Pey, J., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Rodriguez, S., Putaud, J. P., and Van Dingenen, R.: Source apportionment of urban fine and ultrafine particle number concentration in a Western Mediterranean city, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4407-4415, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Environ. , vol.43 , pp. 4407-4415
    • Pey, J.1    Querol, X.2    Alastuey, A.3    Rodriguez, S.4    Putaud, J.P.5    Van Dingenen, R.6
  • 60
    • 0033103891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the increased UV radiation and biogenic VOC emissions on ultrafine aerosol formation
    • Pirjola, L.: Effects of the increased UV radiation and biogenic VOC emissions on ultrafine aerosol formation, J. Aerosol. Sci., 30, 355-367, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Aerosol. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 355-367
    • Pirjola, L.1
  • 61
    • 0034835057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of particle size and composition distribution with a novel aerosol dynamics model
    • Pirjola, L. and Kulmala, M.: Development of particle size and composition distribution with a novel aerosol dynamics model, Tellus, 53B, 491-509, 2001.
    • (2001) Tellus , vol.53 B , pp. 491-509
    • Pirjola, L.1    Kulmala, M.2
  • 62
    • 6044250257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How important is nucleation in regional/global modelling
    • Pirjola, L., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Hansson, H.-C., and Kulmala, M.: How important is nucleation in regional/global modelling, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 31, L12109, doi:10.1029/2004GL019525, 2004.
    • (2004) Geo-phys. Res. Lett. , vol.31 , pp. L12109
    • Pirjola, L.1    Lehtinen, K.E.J.2    Hansson, H.-C.3    Kulmala, M.4
  • 63
    • 33745440031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect
    • Pope III, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 707-742, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.56 , pp. 707-742
    • Pope, C.A.1    Dockery, D.W.2
  • 65
    • 0022076108 scopus 로고
    • Ion-induced aerosol formation in a H2O-H2SO4 system. 1. Extension of the classical theory and search for experimental evidence
    • Raes, F. and Janssens, A.: Ion-induced aerosol formation in a H2O-H2SO4 system. 1. Extension of the classical theory and search for experimental evidence, J. Aerosol Sci., 16, 217-227, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 217-227
    • Raes, F.1    Janssens, A.2
  • 69
    • 33645773946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dilution conditions and driving parameters on nucleation mode particles in diesel exhaust: Laboratory and on-road study
    • Rönkkö, T., Virtanen, A., Vaaraslahti, K., Keskinen, J., Pirjola, L., and Lappi, M.: Effect of dilution conditions and driving parameters on nucleation mode particles in diesel exhaust: laboratory and on-road study, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2893-2901, 2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Environ. , vol.40 , pp. 2893-2901
    • Rönkkö, T.1    Virtanen, A.2    Vaaraslahti, K.3    Keskinen, J.4    Pirjola, L.5    Lappi, M.6
  • 70
    • 34548730737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleation mode particles with a non-volatile core in the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel vehicle
    • Rönkkö, T., Virtanen, A., Kannosto, J., Keskinen, J., Lappi, M., and Pirjola, L.: Nucleation mode particles with a non-volatile core in the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel vehicle. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6384-6389, doi:10.1021/es0705339, 2007.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 6384-6389
    • Rönkkö, T.1    Virtanen, A.2    Kannosto, J.3    Keskinen, J.4    Lappi, M.5    Pirjola, L.6
  • 72
    • 0345444605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent mixing characteristics of volatile and nonvolatile components in diesel exhaust aerosols
    • Sakurai, H., Park, K., McMurry, P. H., Zarling, D. D., Kittelson, D. B., and Ziemann, P. J.: Size-dependent mixing characteristics of volatile and nonvolatile components in diesel exhaust aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5487-5495, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 5487-5495
    • Sakurai, H.1    Park, K.2    McMurry, P.H.3    Zarling, D.D.4    Kittelson, D.B.5    Ziemann, P.J.6
  • 73
    • 23844554487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleation particles in diesel exhaust: Composition inferred from in situ mass spectrometer analysis
    • Schneider, J., Hock, N., Weimer, S., Borrmann, S., Kirchner, U., Vogt, R., and Scheer, V.: Nucleation particles in diesel exhaust: Composition inferred from in situ mass spectrometer analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6153-6161, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 6153-6161
    • Schneider, J.1    Hock, N.2    Weimer, S.3    Borrmann, S.4    Kirchner, U.5    Vogt, R.6    Scheer, V.7
  • 74
    • 0033233056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of ultrafine particle formation during diesel exhaust dilution
    • Shi, J. and Harrison, R.: Investigation of ultrafine particle formation during diesel exhaust dilution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3730-3736, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.33 , pp. 3730-3736
    • Shi, J.1    Harrison, R.2
  • 76
    • 23844454507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment for atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) and implications in epi-demiologic research
    • Sioutas, C., Delfino, R. J., and Singh, M.: Exposure assessment for atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) and implications in epi-demiologic research, Environ. Health Perspect., 113, 947-955, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.113 , pp. 947-955
    • Sioutas, C.1    Delfino, R.J.2    Singh, M.3
  • 82
    • 36448934865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved parameterization for sulphuric acid-water nucleation rates for tro-pospheric and stratospheric conditions
    • Vehkamäki, H., Kulmala, M., Napari, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Timmreck, C., Noppel, M., and Laaksonen, A.: An improved parameterization for sulphuric acid-water nucleation rates for tro-pospheric and stratospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4622, doi:10.1029/2002JD002184, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4622
    • Vehkamäki, H.1    Kulmala, M.2    Napari, I.3    Lehtinen, K.E.J.4    Timmreck, C.5    Noppel, M.6    Laaksonen, A.7
  • 83
    • 0042209709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling binary homogeneous nucleation of water-sulfuric acid vapours: Parameterisation for high temperature emissions
    • Vehkamäki, H., Kulmala, M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Noppel, M.: Modelling binary homogeneous nucleation of water-sulfuric acid vapours: parameterisation for high temperature emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3392-3398, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 3392-3398
    • Vehkamäki, H.1    Kulmala, M.2    Lehtinen, K.E.J.3    Noppel, M.4
  • 85
    • 13844281554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling of diesel exhaust aerosol during laboratory sampling
    • Vouitsis, E., Ntziachristos, L., and Samaras, Z.: Modelling of diesel exhaust aerosol during laboratory sampling, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1335-1345, 2005.
    • (2005) Atmos. Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 1335-1345
    • Vouitsis, E.1    Ntziachristos, L.2    Samaras, Z.3
  • 86
    • 84863445622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled turbulence and aerosol dynamics modelling of vehicle exhaust plumes using the CTAG model
    • Wang, Y. J. and Zhang, W. K. M.: Coupled turbulence and aerosol dynamics modelling of vehicle exhaust plumes using the CTAG model, Atmos. Environ., 59, 284-293, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Environ. , vol.59 , pp. 284-293
    • Wang, Y.J.1    Zhang, W.K.M.2
  • 87
    • 0031460160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of new particle formation and ultrafine particle growth rates at a clean continental site
    • Weber, R. J., Marti, J. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., Tanner, D. J., and Jefferson, A.: Measurements of new particle formation and ultrafine particle growth rates at a clean continental site, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4375-4385, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 4375-4385
    • Weber, R.J.1    Marti, J.J.2    McMurry, P.H.3    Eisele, F.L.4    Tanner, D.J.5    Jefferson, A.6
  • 88
    • 60549105406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase transition and hygroscopic properties of internally mixed ammonium sulfate and adipic Acid (AS-AA) particles by optical microscopic imaging and Raman spectroscopy
    • Yeung, M. C., Lee, A. K. Y., and Chan, C. K.: Phase transition and hygroscopic properties of internally mixed ammonium sulfate and adipic Acid (AS-AA) particles by optical microscopic imaging and Raman spectroscopy, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43, 387-399, 2009.
    • (2009) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 387-399
    • Yeung, M.C.1    Lee, A.K.Y.2    Chan, C.K.3
  • 89
    • 0034353346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine aerosol formation vie ion-mediated nucleation
    • Yu, F. and Turco, R. P.: Ultrafine aerosol formation vie ion-mediated nucleation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 883-886, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 883-886
    • Yu, F.1    Turco, R.P.2
  • 90
    • 0035384712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C1-C5 organic acid emissions from an SI engine: Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio
    • Zervas, E., Montagne, X., and Lahaye, J.: C1-C5 organic acid emissions from an SI engine: Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2746-2751, 2001.
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 2746-2751
    • Zervas, E.1    Montagne, X.2    Lahaye, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.