Study of OH-initiated degradation of 2-aminoethanol

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1881-1901

  Karl, M ^a   Dye, C ^a   Schmidbauer, N ^a   Wisthaler, A ^b   Mikoviny, T ^b   D'Anna, B ^c   Muller M ^c   Borras E ^d   Clemente, E ^d   Munoz A ^d   Porras, R ^d   Rodenas M ^d   Vazquez M ^d   Brauers, T ^e  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^d FUNDACIÓN CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES DEL MEDITERRÁNEO CEAM   (Spain)

^e FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; DEGRADATION; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITRIC ACID; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84863393444     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-1881-2012     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Angelino, S., Suess, D. T., and Prather, K. A.: Formation of aerosol particles from reactions of secondary and tertiary alkylamines: Characterization by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3130-3138, 2001. (Pubitemid 32881744)
2. Angove, D., Jackson, P., Lambropoulos, N., Azzi, M., and Attalla, M.: CO2 Capture Mongstad-Project B-Theoretical evaluation of the potential to form and emit harmful compounds, CSIRO Report, available at: http://www.gassnova.no/ frontend/files/CONTENT/Rapporter/AtmosphericFormation CSIRO.pdf, 2010.
3. Aschmann, S. M., Long, W. D., and Atkinson, R.: Temperature-dependent rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, triethyl phosphate, and a series of alkylphosphonates. J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 7393-7400, 2006. (Pubitemid 43999540)
4. Bakovic, M., Fullerton, M. D., and Michel, V.: Metabolic and molecular aspects of ethanolamine phospholipid biosynthesis: the role of CTP: phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (Pcyt2). Biochem. Cell Biol., 85, 283-300, 2007. (Pubitemid 47025908)
5. Barnes, I., Solignac, G., Mellouki, A., and Becker, K. H.: Aspects of the atmospheric chemistry of amides, Chem. Phys. Chem., 11, 3844-3857, 2010.
6. Baur, X., Marek, W., Ammon, J., Czuppon, A. B., Marczynski, B., Raulf-Heimsoth, M., Roemmelt, H., and Fruhmann, G.: Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 66, 141-152, 1994. (Pubitemid 24296527)
7. Becker, K. H.: The European photoreactor EUPHORE. Final report of the EC-Project contract EV5V-CT02-0059, Physikalis-che Chemie, Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wupper-tal, Wuppertal, Germany, 1996.
8. Bilde, M., Svenningsson, B., Monster, J., and Rosenørn, T.: Even-odd alternation of evaporation rates and vapor pressures of C3-C9 dicarboxylic acid aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 1371-1378, 2003. (Pubitemid 36504954)
9. Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Bonzanini, A., Jenkin, M. E., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., and Pilling, M. J.: Evaluation of detailed aromatic mechanisms (MCMv3 and MCMv3.1) against environmental chamber data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 623-639, doi:10.5194/acp-5-623-2005, 2005a. (Pubitemid 40479131)
10. Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Jenkin, M. E., Volkamer, R., Bloss, W. J., Lee, J. D., Heard, D. E., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., Rea, G., Wenger, J. C., and Pilling, M. J.: Development of a detailed chemical mechanism (MCMv3.1) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 641-664, doi:10.5194/acp-5-641-2005, 2005b. (Pubitemid 40479132)
11. Brauers, T. and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Analysis of relative rate measurements, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 29, 665-672, 1997. (Pubitemid 127549109)
12. Bräten, H. B., Bunkan, A. J., Bache-Andreassen, L., Solimannejad, M., and Nielsen, C. J.: Final report on a theoretical study on the atmospheric degradation of selected amines, NILU OR 77/2008, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway, available at: http://www.nilu.no, 2008.
13. Bzdek, B. R., Ridge, D. P., and Johnston, M. V.: Amine exchange into ammonium bisulfate and ammonium nitrate nuclei, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3495-3503, doi:10.5194/acp-10-3495-2010, 2010.
14. Carter, W. P. L.: Reactivity estimates for selected consumer product compounds, Final Report, Contract No. 06-408, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA, available at: http://www.engr.ucr.edu/carter/pubs/aminrep.pdf, 2008.
15. Carter, W. P. L.: Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism and updated ozone reactivity scales, Report to the California Air Resources Board, Contracts No. 03-318, 06-408, and 07-730, Riverside CA, USA, available at: http://www.cert.ucr. edu/∼carter/SAPRC/saprc07.pdf, 2010.
16. Cocker, D. R., Mader, B. T., Kalberer, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol: II. m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation systems, Atmos. Environ., 35, 6073-6085, 2001. (Pubitemid 33041386)
17. DiGuilio, R. M., Lee, R. J., Schaeffer, S. T., Brasher, L. L., and Teja, A. S.: Densities and viscosities of the ethanolamines, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 37, 239-242, 1992.
18. Dow Chemicals, available at: http://www.dow.com/amines/prod/ethano-mea. htm, last access: 30 November 2011c, 2011.
19. Drewnick, F., Hings, S. S., DeCarlo, P. F., Jayne, J. T., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Weimer, S., Jimenez, J. L., Demerjian, K. L., Bor-rmann, S., and Worsnop, D. R.: A new Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (ToF-AMS)-Instrument Description and First Field Deployment, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 637-658, 2005. (Pubitemid 41318222)
20. Erupe, M. E., Viggiano, A. A., and Lee, S.-H.: The effect of trimethylamine on atmospheric nucleation involving H2SO4, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4767-4775, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4767-2011, 2011.
21. Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Important source of marine secondary organic aerosol from biogenic amines. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9116-9121, 2008.
22. Fahlman, A.: A modified Marquardt-Levenberg parameter estimation routine for Matlab, Report NMRC 01-002, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, 2001.
23. Fournier, M., Lesage, J., Ostiguy, C., and Tra, H. V.: Sampling and analytical methodology development for the determination of primary and secondary low molecular weight amines in ambient air, J. Environ. Monit., 10, 379-386, 2008. (Pubitemid 351363973)
24. Fuchs, N. A. and Sutugin, A. G.: Highly Dispersed Aerosols, Ann. Arbor Sci., Ann Arbor, Mich., USA, 1970.
25. Ge, X., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines-Part I: A review, Atmos. Environ., 45, 524-546, 2011a.
26. Ge, X., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines-Part II: Thermodynamic properties and gas/particle partitioning, Atmos. Environ., 45, 561-577, 2011b.
27. Geier, J., Lessmann, H., Dickel, H., Frosch, P. J., Koch, P., Becker, D., Jappe, U., Aberer, W., Schnuch, A., Uter, W.: Patch test results with the metalworking fluid series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG), Contact Dermatitis, 51, 118-130, 2004. (Pubitemid 39423055)
28. Geiger, H., Barnes, I. Becker, K. H., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Don-ner, B., Dorn, H.-P., Elend, M., Freitas Dinis, C. M., Grossmann, D., Hass, H., Hein, H., Hoffmann, A., Hoppe, L., Hülsemann, F., Kley, D., Klotz, B., Libuda, H. G., Maurer, T., Mihelcic, D., Moortgat, G. K., Olariu, R., Neeb, P., Poppe, D., Ruppert, L., Sauer, C. G., Shestakov, O., Somnitz, H., Stockwell, W. R., Thüner, L. P., Wahner, A., Wiesen, P., Zabel, F., Zellner, R., and Zetzsch, C.: Chemical mechanism development: Laboratory study and model applications, J. Atmos. Chem., 42, 323-357, 2002. (Pubitemid 34700159)
29. Goff, G. S. and Rochelle, G. T.: Monoethanolamine degradation: O2 mass transfer effects under CO2 capture conditions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 6400-6408, 2004. (Pubitemid 39298069)
30. Goodall, C. M. and Kennedy, T. H.: Carcinogenicity of dimethyl-nitramine in NZR rats and NZO mice, Cancer Lett., 1, 295-298, 1976.
31. Güsten, H.: Predicting the abiotic degradability of organic pollutants in the troposphere, Chemosphere, 38, 1361-1370, 1999. (Pubitemid 29051973)
32. Grell, G. A., Peckham, S. E., Schmitz, R., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G., Skamarock, W. C., and Eder, B.: Fully coupled online chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957-6975, 2005. (Pubitemid 41539465)
33. Grosjean, D.: Atmospheric chemistry of toxic contaminants: 6. Ni-trosamines: Dialkyl nitrosamines and nitrosomorpholine, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 41, 306-311, 1991.
34. Hassel, M., Frei, E., Streeter, A. J., and Wiessler, M.: Pharmakoki-netics of N-nitrodimethylamine and N-nitromethylamine in the rat, Carcinogenesis, 11, 357-360, 1990.
35. IUPAC Subcommittee for Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation 2009, Evaluated kinetic data, http://www.iupac-kinetic.ch.cam.ac.uk/index. html, last access:5 July 2011, 2009.
36. Jacobson, M. Z.: Numerical techniques to solve condensational and dissolutional growth equations when growth is coupled to reversible reactions, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 27, 491-498, 1997. (Pubitemid 27408656)
37. Jacobson, M. Z.: Effects of ethanol (E85) versus gasoline vehicles on cancer and mortality in the United States, Environ. Sci. Tech-nol., 41, 4150-4157, 2007. (Pubitemid 46903234)
38. Jordan, A., Haidacher, S., Hanel, G., Hartungen, E., Märk, L., Seehauser, H., Schottkowsky, H., Sulzer, P., and Märk, T. D.: A high resolution and high sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 286, 122-128, 2009.
39. Kapteina, S., Slowik, K., Verevkin, S. P., and Heintz, A.: Vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies of a series of ethanolamines. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50, 398-402, 2005.
40. Karl, M., Gross, A., Leck, C., and Pirjola, L.: Intercomparison of dimethylsulfide oxidation mechanisms for the marine boundary layer: Gaseous and particulate sulfur constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15304, doi:10.1029/2006JD007914, 2007. (Pubitemid 47534422)
41. Karl, M., D'Anna, B., George, C., King, S., Wisthaler, A., Dye, C., and Nielsen, C. J.: Particle formation in photo-oxidation experiments with 2-aminoethanol (MEA), Geophys. Res. Abs., 12, EGU2010-8196, 2010.
42. Karl, M., Wright, R. F., Berglen, T. F., and Denby, B.: Worst case scenario study to assess the environmental impact of amine emissions from a CO2 capture plant, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 439-447, 2011a.
43. Karl, M., Gross, A., Leck, C., and Pirjola, L.: A new flexible multi-component model for the study of aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer, Tellus, 63B, 1001-1025, 2011b.
44. Koornneef, J., van Keulen, T., Faaij, A., and Turkenburg, W.: Life cycle assessment of a pulverized coal power plant with post-combustion capture, transport and storage of CO2, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2, 448-467, 2008.
45. Kurtén, T., Loukonen, V., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Amines are likely to enhance neutral and ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4095-4103, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4095-2008, 2008.
46. Kwok, E. S. C. and Atkinson, R.: Estimation of hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants for gas-phase organic compounds using a structure-reactivity relationship: An update. Atmos. Environ., 29, 1685-1695, 1995. (Pubitemid 26436793)
47. Landgraf, J. and Crutzen, P. J.: An efficient method for online calculations of photolysis and heating rates, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 863-878, 1998.
48. Lepaumier, H., Picq, D., and Carrette, P. L.: Degradation study of new solvents for CO2 capture in post-combustion, Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 9, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-9), 16-20 November 2008, Washington DC, USA, Energy Pro-cedia, 1, 893-900, 2009.
49. Lloyd, J. A., Heaton, K. J., and Johnston, M. V.: Reactive uptake of trimethylamine into ammonium nitrate particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 4840-4843, 2009.
50. Mäkelä, J. M., Yli-Koivisto, S., Hiltunen, V., Seidl, W., Swietlicki, E., Teinila, K., Sillanpaa, M., Koponen, I. K., Paatero, J., Ros-man, K., and Hameri, K.: Chemical composition of aerosol during particle formation events in boreal forest, Tellus B, 53, 380-393, 2001. (Pubitemid 32895235)
51. Meylan, W. and Howard, P. H.: User's Guide for APOWIN, Version 1.9. Syracuse Research Corporation, North Syracuse (NY), USA, 2000.
52. Meylan, W. M. and Howard, P. H.: A review of quantitative structure-activity relationship methods for the prediction of atmospheric oxidation of organic chemicals, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 1724-1732, 2003. (Pubitemid 37337301)
53. Mikoviny, T., Kaser, L., and Wisthaler, A.: Development and characterization of a High-Temperature Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (HT-PTR-MS), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 537-544, doi:10.5194/amt-3-537- 2010, 2010.
54. Mirvish, S. S., Bulay, O., Runge, R. G., and Patil, K.: Study of the carcinogenicity of large doses of dimethylnitramine, N-nitroso-1-proline and sodium nitrite administered in drinking water to rats, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 64, 1435-1439, 1980.
55. Mozurkewich, M.: The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 261-270, 1993.
56. Müller, M., George, C., and D'Anna, B.: Enhanced spectral analysis of C-TOF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer data: Iterative residual analysis and cumulative peak fitting, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 306, 1-8, 2011.
57. Murphy, S. M., Sorooshian, A., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Chhabra, P., Tong, C., Surratt, J. D., Knipping, E., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of aliphatic amines, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2313-2337, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2313-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 46737118)
58. Naumann, K. H.: COSIMA-a computer program simulating the dynamics of fractal aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 1371-1397, 2003.
59. Nielsen, C. J., D'Anna, B., Dye, C., George, C., Graus, M., Hansel, A., Karl, M., King, S., Musabila, M., Müller, M., Schmidbauer, N., Stenstrøm, Y., and Wisthaler, A.: Atmospheric Degradation of Amines, Summary Report: Gas phase oxidation of 2-aminoethanol (MEA), CLIMIT project no. 193438, NILU OR 8/2010, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway, available at: http://www.nilu.no, 2010.
60. Nielsen, C. J., D'Anna, B., Dye, C., Graus, M., Karl, M., King, S., Musabila, M., Müller, M., Schmidbauer, N., Stenstrøm, Y., Wisthaler, A., and Pedersen, S.: Atmospheric chemistry of 2-aminoethanol (MEA), Energy Procedia, 4, 2245-2252, 2011.
61. NVE, Carbon Capture and Storage at Ka?rstø, Svendsen P. T. (Ed.): Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, available at: http://www.nve.no, 2006.
62. Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580-2585, 1996.
63. Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, P. W., Griffin, R. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The atmospheric aerosol-forming potential of whole gasoline vapor, Science, 276, 96-99, 1997.
64. Papa, E. and Gramatica, P.: Externally validated QSPR modeling of VOC tropospheric oxidation by NO3 radicals, SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 19, 655-668, 2008.
65. Piirilä, P., Nordman, H., Keskinen, H. M., Luukonen, R., Salo, S.-P., Tuomi, T. O., and Tuppurainen, M.: Long-term follow-up of hexamethylene diisocyanate-, diphenylmethane diisocyanate-, and Toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 162, 516-522, 2000. (Pubitemid 30647193)
66. Pitts, J. N., Grosjean, D., Vanmcauwenberghe, K., Schmidt, J. P. and Fitz, D. R.: Photooxidation of aliphatic amines under simulated atmospheric conditions: Formation of nitrosamines, nitramines, amides, and photochemical oxidant, Environ. Sci. Technol., 12, 946-953, 1978. (Pubitemid 8624929)
67. Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flanenry, B. P., Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Chap. 15, 1992.
68. Puxty, G., Rowland, R., Allport, A., Yang, Q., Bown, M., Burns, R., Maeder, M., and Attalla, M.: Carbon dioxide post-combustion capture: a novel screening study of the carbon dioxide absorption performance of 76 amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6427-6433, 2009.
69. Rao, A. B. and Rubin, E. S.: A technical, economic, and environmental assessment of amine-based CO2 capture technology for power plant greenhouse gas control, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4467-4475, 2002. (Pubitemid 35153486)
70. Rochelle, G. T.: Amine scrubbing for CO2 capture, Science, 325, 1652-1653, 2009.
71. Ródenas, M.: Improvements in spectroscopy data processing: faster production and better reliability of Lab data, INTROP Report, available at: http://www.ceam.es/pag/contam e archivos/MRodenasINTROPReport.pdf, last access: 19 July 2011, 2008.
72. Salo, K., Westerlund, J., Andersson, P. U., Nielsen, C. J., D'Anna, B., and Hallquist, M.: Thermal characterization of alkyl aminium nitrate nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. A, 115, 11671-11677, 2011.
73. Sander, R., Kerkweg, A., Jöckel, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Technical note: The new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module MECCA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 445-450, doi:10.5194/acp-5-445-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40405295)
74. Sander, R., Baumgaertner, A., Gromov, S., Harder, H., Jöckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Kubistin, D., Regelin, E., Riede, H., Sandu, A., Taraborrelli, D., Tost, H., and Xie, Z.-Q.: The atmospheric chemistry box model CAABA/MECCA-3.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 373-380, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-373-2011, 2011.
75. Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moort-gat, G. K., Keller-Rudek, H., Wine, P. H., Ravishankara, A. R.Kolb, C. E., Molina, M. J., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, V. L.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation Number 15, JPL Publication 06-2, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 2006.
76. Sandu, A. and Sander, R.: Technical note: Simulating chemical systems in Fortran90 and Matlab with the Kinetic PreProcessor KPP-2.1, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 187-195, doi:10.5194/acp-6-187-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 43263654)
77. Sandu, A., Verwer, J. G., Van Loon, M., Carmichael, G. R., Po-tra, F. A., Dabdub, D., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Benchmarking stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric, chemistry problems .1. Implicit vs explicit, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3151-3166, 1997. (Pubitemid 27361815)
78. Scherf, H. R., Frei, E., and Wiessler, M.: Carcinogenic properties of N-nitrodimethylamine and N-nitromethylamine in the rat, Car-cinogenesis, 10, 1977-1981, 1989. (Pubitemid 19280474)
79. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Chapter 9.4: Thermodynamics of Atmospheric Aerosol Systems, 534 pp., Wiley, New York, USA, 1998.
80. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pankow, J. F.: Organic atmospheric particulate material, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 54, 121-140, 2003.
81. S̈ennbro, C. J., Lindh, C. H., Ostin, A., Welinder, H., Jönsson, B. A. G., and Tinnerberg, H.: A Survey of airborne isocyanate exposure in 13 Swedish polyurethane industries. Ann. occup. Hyg., 48, 405-414, 2004. (Pubitemid 38993749)
82. Shah S. V., Apostolov, E. O., Ok, E., and Basnakian, A. G.: Novel mechanisms in accelerated atherosclerosis in kidney disease, J. Ren. Nut., 18, 65-69, 2008. (Pubitemid 350251831)
83. Smith, J. N., Barsanti, K. C., Friedli, H. R., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Collins, D. R., Scheckman, J. H., Williams, B. J., and McMurry, P. H.: Observations of aminium salts in atmospheric nanoparti-cles and possible climatic implications, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 66434-66439, 2010.
84. Sorooshian, A., Murphy, S. M., Hersey, S., Gates, H., Padro, L. T., Nenes, A., Brechtel, F. J., Jonsson, H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Comprehensive airborne characterization of aerosol from a major bovine source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5489-5520, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5489-2008, 2008.
85. Suzuki, E., Mochizuki, M., Sekiguchi, N., Osabe, M., and Okada, M.: In vitro metabolism of N-nitrodialkylamines, Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 76, 28-36, 1985. (Pubitemid 15050353)
86. Thitakamol, B., Veawab, A., and Aroonwilas, A.: Environmental impacts of absorption-based CO2 capture unit for post-combustion treatment of flue gas from coal-fired power plant, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 1, 318-342, 2007. (Pubitemid 46902452)
87. Todeschini, R., Consonni, V., Mauri, A., and Pavan, M.: DRAGON version 6, Talete srl, Milan, Italy, available at: http://www.talete. mi.it/, 2011.
88. Tuazon, E. C., Carter, W. P. L., Atkinson, R., Winer, A. M., and Pitts, J. N., Jr.: Atmospheric reactions of N-nitrosodimethylamine and dimethylnitramine, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 49-54, 1984. (Pubitemid 14186909)
89. US EPA, Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft Windows, v 4.00, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Syracuse (NY): Syracuse Research Corporation, available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm, 2009.
90. Veltman, K., Singh, B., and Hertwich, E. G.: Human and environmental impact assessment of postcombustion CO2 capture fo-cusing on emissions from amine-based scrubbing solvents to air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 1496-1502, doi:10.1021/es902116r, 2010.
91. Vera, T., Muñoz, A., Ródenas, M., Vázquez, M., Borrás, E., Marqués, M., Mellouki, A., Treacy, J., and Sidebottom, H.: Atmospheric fate of hymexazol (5-methylisoxazol-3-ol): Simulation chamber studies, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3704-3710, 2011.
92. Wooldridge, S. T., Hanson, R. K., and Bowman, C. T.: A shock tube study of reactions of CN with HCN, OH, and H2 using CN and OH laser absorption, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 28, 245-258, 1996. (Pubitemid 126522796)
93. Zádor, J., Turányi, T., Wirtz, K., and Pilling, M. J.: Measurement and investigation of chamber radical sources in the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE), J. Atmos. Chem., 55, 147-166, 2006. (Pubitemid 44463959)