Dilution and aerosol dynamics within a diesel car exhaust plume-CFD simulations of on-road measurement conditions

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 41, Issue 35, 2007, Pages 7440-7461

  Uhrner, U ^a   von Lowis S ^a   Vehkamaki H ^b   Wehner, B ^a   Brasel S ^a   Hermann, M ^a   Stratmann, F ^a   Kulmala, M ^b   Wiedensohler, A ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Aerosol dynamics modelling; Particle formation; Particle growth; Soot; Vehicle exhaust plume

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXHAUST GASES; NUCLEATION; SOOT;

AEROSOL DYNAMICS MODELLING; PARTICLE FORMATION; PARTICLE GROWTH; VEHICLE EXHAUST PLUME;

DIESEL ENGINES;

DIESEL FUEL;

AEROSOL; AEROSOL FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC PLUME; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DIESEL; DIFFUSION; DILUTION; EXHAUST EMISSION; NUCLEATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; SOOT; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; CAR; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); COOLING; DILUTION; EXHAUST GAS; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION; SOOT; VELOCITY;

EID: 35748946005     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.057     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Baumgard, K.J., Johnson, J.H., 1996. The effect of fuel and engine design on diesel exhaust particle size distributions, SAE 960131. pp. 37-50.
2. Berndt T., Böge O., Stratmann F., Heintzenberg J., and Kulmala M. Rapid formation of sulfuric acid particles at near-atmospheric conditions. Science 307 5710 (2005) 698-700
3. Casati, R., Scheer, V., Kirchner, U., Benter, T., Vogt, R., 2004. Particle size distributions in diesel exhaust under ambient and laboratory dilution conditions. In: Proceedings of the Eighth ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles.
4. DECSE, 1999. Phase I Interim Data Report No. 3: Diesel Fuel Sulfur Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions, US Department of Energy.
5. Donaldson K., Li X.Y., and MacNee W. Ultrafine (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury. Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (1998) 553-560
6. Giechaskiel B., Ntziachristos L., Samaras Z., Scheer V., Casati R., and Vogt R. Formation potential of vehicle exhaust nucleation mode particles on-road and in the laboratory. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 3191-3198
7. Harris S.J., and Maricq M.M. Signature size distributions for diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter. Journal of Aerosol Science 32 (2001) 749-764
8. Jacobson M.Z. Control of fossil-fuel particulate black carbon and organic matter, possibly the most effective method of slowing global warming. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 D19 (2002) 4410 10.1029/2001JD001376
9. Jiang, P., Lignell, D.O., Kelly, K., Lighty, J.S., Sarofim, A.F., Montgomery, C.J., 2005. Simulation of the evolution of particle size distributions in a vehicle exhaust plume with unconfined dilution by ambient air. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 55 (4).
10. Khalek, I.A., Kittelson, D.B., Brear, F., 1999. The influence of dilution conditions on diesel exhaust particle size distribution measurements, SAE 1999-01-1142.
11. Khalek, I.A., Kittelson, D.B., Brear, F., 2000. Nanoparticle growth during dilution and cooling of diesel exhaust: experimental investigation and theoretical assessment, SAE-2000-01-0515.
12. Kim D.-H., Gautam M., and Gera M. On the prediction of concentration variations in a dispersing heavy-duty truck exhaust plume using k-ε turbulent closure. Atmospheric Environment 25 (2001) 5267-5275
13. Kim D.-H., Gautam M., and Gera M. Parametric studies on the formation of diesel particulate matter via nucleation and coagulation modes. Journal of Aerosol Science 33 (2002) 1609-1621
14. Kittelson D.B. Engines and nanoparticles: a review. Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (1998) 575-588
15. Kittelson D.B., Watts W.F., and Johnson J.P. Nanoparticle emissions on Minnesota highways. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 9-19
16. Kulmala M., Laaksonen A., and Pirjola L. Parameterisations for sulphuric acid/water nucleation rates. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (1998) 8301-8307
17. Kulmala M., Pirjola L., and Mäkelä J.M. Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles. Nature 404 (2000) 66-69
18. Maricq M.M., Chase R.E., Xu N., and Laing P. The effects of the catalytic converter and fuel sulfur level on motor vehicle particulate matter emissions: light duty diesel vehicles. Environmental Science and Technology 36 (2002) 283-289
19. Mathis U., Mohr M., and Zenobi R. Effect of organic compounds on nanoparticles formation in diluted diesel exhaust. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4 (2004) 609-620
20. 2O vapors. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 D19 (2002) 4318 10.1029/2002JD002132
21. Penner J.E., Zhang S.Y., and Chuang C.C. Soot and smoke aerosol may not warm climate. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D21 (2003) 4657 10.1029/2003JD003409
22. Peters A., Wichmann H.E., Tuch Th., Heinrich J., and Heyder J. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 155 (1997) 1376-1383
23. Peters A., Dockery D., Muller J.E., and Mittleman M.A. Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardinal infarction. Circulation 103 (2001) 2810-2815
24. Pope C.A. What do epidemiologic findings tell us about heath effects of environmental aerosols?. Journal of Aerosol Medicine 1314 (2000) 335-354
25. Sakurai H., Tobias H.J., Park K., Zarling D., Docherty S., Kittelson D.B., McMurry P.H., and Ziemann P.J. On-line measurements of diesel nanoparticles composition and volatility. Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 1199-1210
26. Scheer, V., Kirchner, U., Casati, R., Vogt, R., Wehner, B., Philippin, S., Wiedensohler, A., Hock, N., Schneider, J., Weimer, S., Borrmann, S., 2005. Composition of semi-volatile particles from diesel exhaust, SAE 2005-01-0197.
27. Shi J.P., and Harrison R.M. Investigation of ultrafine particle formation during diesel exhaust dilution. Environmental Science and Technology 33 (1999) 3730-3736
28. Somers C.M., McCarry B.E., Malek F., and Quinn J.S. Science 304 (2004) 1008-1010
29. Sydbom A., Blomberg A., Parnia S., Stenfors N., Sandstrom T., and Dahlen S.E. Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions. European Respiratory Journal 17 (2001) 733-746
30. Tobias H.J., Beving D.E., Ziemann P.J., Sakurai H., Zuk M., McMurry P.H., Zarling D., Waytulonis R., and Kittelson D.B. Chemical analysis of diesel engine nanoparticles using a nano-DMA/thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer. Environmental Science and Technology 35 (2001) 2233-2243
31. Vehkamäki H., Kulmala M., Napari I., Lehtinen K.E.J., Timmreck C., Noppel M., and Laaksonen A. An improved parameterization for sulphuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 D22 (2002) 4622
32. Vehkamäki H., Kulmala M., Lehtinen K.E.J., and Noppel M. Modelling binary homogeneous nucleation of water-sulfuric acid vapurs: parameterisation for high temperature emissions. Environmental Science and Technology 37 (2003) 3392-3398
33. Vogt R., Scheer V., Casati R., and Benter Th. On-road measurement of particle emission in the exhaust plume of a diesel passenger car. Environmental Science and Technology 37 (2003) 4070-4076
34. von Löwis, S., 2006. Measurements within the exhaust plume of passenger cars under real atmospheric dilution and on-road driving conditions. Dissertation, Universität Leipzig.
35. Wehner, B., 2000. Particle formation in the urban atmosphere. Dissertation, Universität Leipzig.
36. Wehner B., Philippin S., Wiedensohler A., Scheer V., and Vogt R. Variability of non-volatile fractions of atmospheric aerosol particles with traffic influence. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 6081-6090
37. Whitby K.T. The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 12 (1978) 135-159
38. Wilck, M., 1998. Modal modelling of multicomponent aerosols. Dissertation, Universität Leipzig.
39. Wilck M., and Stratmann F. A 2-D multicomponent modal aerosol model and its application to laminar flow reactors. Journal of Aerosol Science 28 (1997) 959-972
40. Yu F. Chemiions and nanoparticles formation in diesel engine exhaust. Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 4191-4194
41. Zeleznik F.J. Thermodynamic properties of the aqueous sulphuric system to 350 K. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20 (1991) 1157-1200