Safeguarding ecosystem services: A methodological framework to buffer the joint effect of habitat configuration and climate change

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2015, Pages

  Giannini, Tereza C ^a,b   Tambosi, Leandro R ^a   Acosta, André L ^a   Jaffé, Rodolfo ^a   Saraiva, Antonio M ^a   Imperatriz Fonseca, Vera L ^a,b   Metzger, Jean Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO VALE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEE; BRAZIL; CLIMATE CHANGE; CROP; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FORECASTING; HABITAT CONFIGURATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT QUALITY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MELIPONA QUADRIFASCIATA; PLANT; POLLINATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; ANIMAL; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN;

APOIDEA; MELIPONA QUADRIFASCIATA; MELIPONINAE;

ANIMALS; BEES; BRAZIL; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; FORESTS; GEOGRAPHY; HUMANS; POLLINATION;

EID: 84939218752     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129225     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Carpenter SR, Mooney HA, Agard J, Capistrano D, DeFriese RS, Díaz S, et al. Science for managing ecosystem services: Beyond the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. PNAS 2009; 106: 1305-1312. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808772106 PMID:19179280
2. Larigauderie A, Mooney HA. The Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: moving a step closer to an IPCC-like mechanism for biodiversity. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability 2010; 2: 9-14
3. Harris JA, Hobbs RJ, Higgs E, Aronson J. Ecological Restoration and Global Climate Change. Restor Ecol 2006; 14: 170-176.
4. Egoh B, Rouget M, Reyers B, Knight AT, Cowling RM, Jaarsveld AS. Integrating ecosystem services into conservation assessments: a review. Ecol Econ 2007; 63: 714-721.
5. Blignaut J, Aronson J, Groot R. Restoration of natural capital: A key strategy on thepath to sustainability. Ecol Eng 2014; 65:54-61.
6. Kremen C, Williams NM, Aizen MA, Gemmill-Herren B, LeBuhn G, Minckley R, et al. Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change. Ecol Lett 2007; 10: 299-314. PMID:17355569
7. Costanza R, Fisher B, Mulder K, Liu S, Christopher T. Biodiversity and ecosystem services: A multiscale empirical study of the relationship between species richness and net primary production. Ecol Econ 2007; 61:478-491.
8. Traill LW, Lim MLM, Sodhi NS, Bradshaw CJA. Mechanisms driving change: altered species interactions and ecosystem function through global warming. J Anim Ecol 2010; 79: 937-947. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01695.x PMID:20487086
9. Gosling SN. The likelihood and potential impact of future change in the large-scale climate-earth system on ecosystem services. Environ Sci Policy 2013; 27: 15-31.
10. Saulnier-Talbot E, Gregory-Eaves I, Simpson KG, Efitre J, Nowlan TE, Taranu ZE, et al. Small changes in climate can profoundly alter the dynamics and ecosystem services of tropical crater lakes. PLosOne 2014; 9: e86561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086561 PMID:24497954
11. Van Meerbeek K, Helsen K, Hermy M. Impact of land-use intensity on the conservation of functional and phylogenetic diversity in temperate semi-natural plant communities. Biodiv Cons 2014; 23: 2259-2272.
12. Innes C, Anand M, Bauch CT. The impact of human-environment interactions on the stability of forestgrassland mosaic ecosystems. Scientific Reports 2013; 2689: 1-10. doi:10.1038/srep02689 PMID:24048359
13. Aizen MA, Harder LD. The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination. Curr Biol 2009; 19: 915-918. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.071 PMID:19427214
14. Gallai N, Salles J-M, Settele J, Vaissière BE. Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecol Econ 2009; 68: 810-821
15. Garibaldi LA, Aizen MA, Klein AM, Cunningham SA, Harder LD. Global growth and stability of agricultural yield decrease with pollinator dependence. PNAS 2011; 108: 5909-5914. doi:10.1073/pnas. 1012431108 PMID:21422295
16. Nelson EJ, Kareiva P, Ruckelshaus M, Arkema K, Geller G, Girvetz E, et al. Climate change's impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11:483-493.
17. Horwitz P, Finlayson CM. Wetlands as settings for human health: incorporating ecosystem services and health impact assessment into water resource management. Bioscience 2011; 61: 678-688.
18. Rook GA. Regulation of the immune system by biodiversity from the natural environment: An ecosystem service essential to health. PNAS 2013; 110: 18360-18367. doi:10.1073/pnas.1313731110 PMID:24154724
19. Warren MS, Hill JK, Thomas JA, Asher J, Fox R, Huntley B, et al. Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change. Nature 2001; 414: 65-69. PMID:11689943
20. Tamis W, Zelfde MV, Meijden R, Haes H. Changes in vascular plant biodiversity in the Netherlands in the 20th century explained by their climatic and other environmental characteristics. Climatic Change 2005; 72: 37-56.
21. Chen I, Hill JK, Ohlemüller R, Roy DB, Thomas CD. Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 2011; 333: 1024-1026. doi:10.1126/science.1206432 PMID:21852500
22. Gillson L, Dawson TP, Jack S, McGeoch MA. Accommodating climate change contingencies in conservation strategy. TREE 2013; 28: 135-142. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.008 PMID:23146578
23. Heller NE, Zavaleta ES. Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: a review of 22 years of recommendations. Biol Conserv 2009; 142:14-32
24. Mendenhall CD, Karp DS, Meyer CFJ, Hadly EA, Daily GC. Predicting biodiversity change and averting collapse in agricultural landscapes. Nature 2014; 509: 213-217. doi:10.1038/nature13139 PMID:24739971
25. Mawdsley JR, Malley R, Ojima DS. A review of climate-change adaptation strategies for wildlife management and biodiversity conservation. Conserv Biol 2009; 23: 1080-1089. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01264.x PMID:19549219
26. Luque S, Saura S, Fortin MJ. Landscape connectivity analysis for conservation: insights from combining new methods with ecological and genetic data. Landscape Ecol 2012; 27:153-157.
27. Hodgson JA, Moilanen A, Wintle BA, Thomas CD. Habitat area, quality and connectivity: striking the balance for efficient conservation. J Appl Ecol 2011; 48: 148-152
28. Allendorf FW, Luikart GH, Aitken SN. Conservation and the genetics of populations. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. 2012.
29. Williams P, Hannah L, Andelman SJ, Midgley G, Araújo M, Hughes G, et al. Planning for climate change: identifying minimum-dispersal corridors for the Cape Proteaceae. Conserv Biol 2005; 19: 1063-1074.
30. Groves CR, Game ET, Anderson MG, Cross M, Enquist C, Ferdaña Z, et al. Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning. Biodiv Cons 2012; 21: 1651-1671.
31. Seddon PJ, Griffiths CJ, Soorae PS, Armstrong DP. Reversing defaunation: Restoring species in a changing world. Science 2014; 345: 406-412. doi:10.1126/science.1251818 PMID:25061203
32. Vos CC, Berry P, Opdam P, Baveco H, Nijhof B, O'Hanley J, et al. Adapting landscapes to climate change: examples of climate-proof ecosystem networks and priority adaptation zones. J Appl Ecol 2008; 45: 1722-1731.
33. Wasserman TN, Cushman SA, Shirk AS, Landguth EL, Littell JS. Simulating the effects of climate change on population connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Landsc Ecol 2012; 27: 211-225.
34. Lemes P, Loyola RD. Accommodating species climate-forced dispersal and uncertainties in spatial conservation planning. PLosOne 2013; 8: e54323. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054323 PMID:23349850
35. Loyola RD, Lemes P, Nabout JC, Trindade-Filho J, Sagnori MD, Dobrovolski R, et al. A straightforward conceptual approach for evaluating spatial conservation priorities under climate change. Biodiv Conserv 2013; 22: 483-495.
36. Brown MJF, Paxton RJ. The conservation of bees: a global perspective. Apidologie 2009; 40: 410-441.
37. Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE. Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. TREE 2010; 25: 345-353 doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.007 PMID:20188434
38. González-Varo JP, Biesmeijer JC, Bommarco R, Potts SG, Schweiger O, Smith HG, et al. Combined effects of global change pressures on animal-mediated pollination. TREE 2013; 28: 524-350. doi:10. 1016/j.tree.2013.05.008 PMID:23746938
39. Vanbergen AJ, Insect Pollinators Initiative. Threats to an ecosystem service: pressures on pollinators. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11: 251-259.
40. Carvalheiro LG, Veldtman R, Shenkute AG, Tesfay GB, Pirk CWW, Donaldson JS, et al. Natural and within-farmland biodiversity enhances crop productivity. Ecol Lett 2011; 14: 251-259. doi:10.1111/j. 1461-0248.2010.01579.x PMID:21244594
41. Kennedy CM, Lonsdorf E, Neel MC, Williams NM, Ricketts TH, Winfree R, et al. A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:584-599. doi:10.1111/ele.12082 PMID:23489285
42. Garibaldi LA, Carvalheiro LG, Leonhardt SD, Aizen MA, Blaauw BR, Isaacs R, et al. From research to action: enhancing crop yield through wild pollinators. Front Ecol Environ 2014; 12:439-447.
43. Williams PH, Araujo MB, Rasmont P. Can vulnerability among British bumblebee (Bombus) species be explained by niche position and breadth? Biol Conserv 2007; 138: 493-505.
44. Roberts SPM, Potts SG, Biesmeijer K, Kuhlmann M, Kunin W, Ohlemüller R. Assessing continental scale risks for generalist and specialist pollinating bee species under climate change. BioRisk 2011; 6: 1-18.
45. Kuhlmann M, Guo D, Veldtman R, Donaldson J. Consequences of warming up a hotspot: species range shifts within a centre of bee diversity. Divers Distrib 2012; 18: 885-897.
46. Memmott J, Craze PG, Waser NM, Price MV. Global warming and the disruption of plant-pollinator interactions. Ecol Lett 2007; 10: 710-717. PMID:17594426
47. Hegland SJ, Nielsen A, Lazaro A, Bjerknes AL, Totland O. How does climate warming affect plant- pollinator interactions? Ecol Lett 2009; 12: 184-195. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01269.x PMID:19049509
48. Bartomeus I, Ascher JS, Wagner D, Danforth BN, Colla S, Kornbluth S, et al. Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants. PNAS 2011; 108: 20645-20649. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115559108 PMID:22143794
49. Owen EL, Bale JS, Hayward SAL. Can winter-active bumblebees survive the cold? Assessing the cold tolerance of Bombus terrestris audax and the effects of pollen feeding. PLosOne 2013; 8: e80061. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080061 PMID:24224036
50. Schweiger O, Settele J, Kudrna O, Klotz S, Kuhn I. Climate change can cause spatial mismatch of trophically interacting species. Ecology 2008; 89: 3472-3479. PMID:19137952
51. Giannini TC, Acosta AL, Garófalo CA, Saraiva AM, Alves dos Santos I, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL. Pollination services at risk: bee habitats will decrease owing to climate change in Brazil. Ecol Model 2012; 244: 127-131.
52. Metzger JP. Conservation issues in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biol Cons 2009; 142:1138-1140.
53. Tabarelli M, Aguiar AV, Ribeiro MC, Metzger JP, Peres CA. Prospects for biodiversity conservation in the Atlantic Forest: Lessons from aging human-modified landscapes. Biol Cons 2010; 143: 2328-2340.
54. Joly CA, Metzger JP, Tabarelli M. Experiences from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: ecological findings and conservation initiatives. New Phytol 2014; doi:10.1111/nph.12989
55. Colombo AF, Joly CA. Brazilian Atlantic Forest lato sensu: the most ancient Brazilian forest, and a biodiversity hotspot, is highly threatened by climate change. Braz J Biol 2010; 70: 697-708. PMID:21085776
56. Loiselle BA, Graham CH, Goerck JM, Ribeiro MC. Assessing the impact of deforestation and climate change on the range size and environmental niche of bird species in the Atlantic forests, Brazil. J Biogeogr 2010; 37: 1288-1301.
57. Souza TV, Lorini ML, Alves MAS, Cordeiro P, Vale MM. Redistribution of threatened and endemic Atlantic Forest birds under climate change. Natureza & Conservação 2011; 9: 214-218.
58. Ferro VG, Lemes P, Melo AS, Loyola R. The reduced effectiveness of protected areas under climate change threatens Atlantic Forest tiger moths. PLOS ONE 2014; 9: e107792. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0107792 PMID:25229422
59. Lemes P, Melo AS, Loyola RD. Climate change threatens protected areas of the Atlantic Forest. Biodiv Conserv 2014; 23: 357-368
60. Rodrigues RR, Lima RAF, Gandolfi S, Nave AG. On the restoration of high diversity forests: 30 years of experience in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biol Conserv 2009; 142: 1242-1251.
61. Cunha A, Guedes FB. Mapeamentos para a conservação e recuperação da biodiversidade na Mata Atlântica: em busca de uma estratégia espacial integradora para orientar ações aplicadas. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília. 2013.
62. Wilms W, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Engels W. Resource Partitioning between highly eusocial bees and possible impact of the introduced Africanized honey bee on native stingless bees in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Stud Neotrop Fauna E 1996; 31: 137-151.
63. Ramalho M. Stingless bees and mass flowering trees in the canopy of Atlantic Forest: a tight relationship. Acta Bot Bras 2004; 18: 37-47.
64. Nogueira-Neto P, Carvalho A, Antunes Filho H. Efeito da exclusão dos insetos polinizadores na produção do café Bourbon. Bragantia 1959; 18: 441-468.
65. Santos ASB, Roselino AC, Hrncir M, Bego LR. Pollination of tomatoes by the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Gen Mol Res 2009; 8: 751-757.
66. Serra BDV, Campos LAO. Polinização entomófila de abobrinha, Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae). Neotropical Entomology 2010; 39: 53-159.
67. Antonini Y, Martins R. The value of a tree species (Caryocar brasiliense) for a stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata. J Insect Conserv 2003; 7: 167-174.
68. Batalha-Filho H, Waldschmidt AN, Campos LAO, Tavares MG, Fernandes-Salomão TM. Phylogeography and historical demography of the neotropical stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera, Apidae): incongruence between morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Apidologie 2010; 41: 534-547.
69. Wilms W, Wiechers B. Floral resources partitioning between native Melipona bees and the introduced Africanized honeybee in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. Apidologie 1997; 28: 339-55.
70. Antonini Y, Costa RG, Martins RP. Floral preferences of a neotropical stingless bee, Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier (Apidae: Meliponina) in an urban forest fragment. Braz J Biol 2006; 66: 463-71. PMID:16862301
71. Franklin J. Mapping Species Distribution. Spatial Inference and Prediction. Cambridge Press, New York. 2009.
72. Elith J, Graham CH, Anderson RP, Dudík M, Ferrier S, Guisan A, et al. Novel methods improve prediction of species' distributions from occurrence data. Ecography 2006; 29: 129-151. PMID:16622301
73. Guisan A, Zimmermann NE, Elith J, Graham CH, Phillips S, Peterson AT. What matters for predicting the occurrences of trees: techniques, data, or species' characteristics? Ecol Monogr 2007; 77: 615-630.
74. Hijmans R, Cameron S, Parra J, Jones PG, Andy J. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 2005; 25: 1965-1978.
75. Aguirre-Gutierrez J, Carvalheiro LG, Polce C, Loon EE, Raes N, Reemer M, et al. Fit-for-purpose: Species distribution model performance depends on evaluation criteria. Dutch hoverflies as a case study. PlosOne 2013; 8: e63708. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063708 PMID:23691089
76. Giannini TC, Chapman DS, Saraiva AM, Alves dos Santos I, Biesmeijer JC. Improving species distribution models using biotic interactions: a case study of parasites, pollinators and plants. Ecography 2013; 36: 649-656.
77. Cortopassi-Laurino M, Alves DA, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL. Árboles para nidos de meliponíneos. In: Memorias III Seminario Mesoamericano sobre Abejas sin Aguijón: 99-101. 2003.
78. IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007 (AR4). Available: http://www.ipcc.ch/. 2007.
79. Ramirez J, Jarvis A. High resolution statistically downscaled future climate surfaces. Available: http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/. 2008.
80. Phillips S, Anderson R, Schapire R. Maximum Entropy Modeling of Species Geographic Distributions. Ecol Model 2006; 190: 231-259.
81. Wisz M, Hijmans R, Li J, Peterson AT, Graham CH, Guisan A, et al. Effects of sample size on the performance of species distribution models. Divers Distrib 2008; 14: 763-773.
82. Fielding A, Bell J. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environ Conserv 1997; 24:38-49.
83. Urban D, Keitt T. Landscape connectivity: A graph-theoretic perspective. Ecology 2001; 82: 1205-1218.
84. Saura S, Rubio L. A common currency for the different ways in which patches and links can contribute to habitat availability and connectivity in the landscape. Ecography 2010; 33: 523-537.
85. SOS Mata Atlantica and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Atlas dos remanescentes florestais da Mata Atlantica. Available: http://www.sosmatatlantica.org.br. 2008.
86. Saura S, Pascual-Hortal L. A new habitat availability index to integrate connectivity in landscape conservation planning: Comparison with existing indices and application to a case study. Landscape Urban Plan 2007; 83: 91-103.
87. Saura S, Torne J. Conefor Sensinode 2.2: a software package for quantifying the importance of habitat patches for landscape connectivity. Environ Modell Softw 2009; 24: 135-139.
88. Araujo ED, Costa M, Chaud-Netto J, Fowler HG. Body size and flight distance in stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini): inference of flight range and possible ecological implications. Braz J Biol 2004; 64: 563-568. PMID:15619994
89. Bukovinszky T, Gols R, Kamp A, Oliveira-Domingues F, Hambäck PA, Jongema Y, et al. Combined effects of patch size and plant nutritional quality on local densities of insect herbivores. Basic and Applied Ecology 2010; 11: 396-405.
90. Hambäck PA, Bergman KO, Bommarco R, Krauss J, Kuussaari M, Pöyry J, et al. Allometric density responses in butterflies: the response to small and large patches by small and large species. Ecography 2010; 33: 1149-1156.
91. England G, Hambäck PA. Scale dependence of immigration rates: models, metrics and data. Journal of Animal Ecology 2007; 76: 30-35. PMID:17184350
92. Hambäck PA, Summerville KS, Steffan-Dewenter I, Krauss J, Englund G, Crist TO. Habitat specialization, body size, and family identity explain lepidopteran density-area relationships in a cross-continental comparison. PNAS 2007; 104: 8368-8373. PMID:17485669
93. Tambosi LR, Martensen AC, Ribeiro MC, Ribeiro MC, Metzger JP. A framework to optimize biodiversity restoration efforts based on habitat amount and landscape connectivity. Restor Ecol 2014; doi:10.1111/rec.12049
94. Pascual-Hortal L, Saura S. Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices: towards the priorization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation. Landscape Ecol 2006; 21:959-967.
95. Thomson JR, Moilanen AJ, Vesk PA, Bennett AF, Mac Nally R. Where and when to revegetate: a quantitative method for scheduling landscape reconstruction. Ecol Appl 2009; 19: 817-828. PMID:19544726
96. Wilson KA, Lulow M, Burger J, Fang Y, Andersen C, Olson D, et al. Optimal restoration: accounting for space, time and uncertainty. J Appl Ecol 2011; 48: 715-725.
97. Tambosi LR, Metzger JP. A framework for setting local restoration priorities based on landscape context. Natureza & Conservação 2013; 11: 152-157.
98. Slaa EJ, Chaves LAS, Malagodi-Braga KS, Hofstede FE. Stingless bees in applied pollination: practice and perspectives. Apidologie 2006; 37: 293-315.
99. Giannini TC, Boff S, Cordeiro GD, Cartolano EA, Veiga AK, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, et al. Crop pollinators in Brazil: a review of reported interactions. Apidologie 2014; doi:10.1007/s13592-014-0316-z
100. Klein AM, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T. Pollination of Coffea canephora in relation to local and regional agroforestry management. J Appl Ecol 2003; 40: 837-845.
101. De Marco P Jr, Coelho FM. Services performed by the ecosystem: Forest remnants influence agricultural cultures' pollination and production. Biodiv Cons 2004; 13: 1245-1255.
102. Ricketts HT. Tropical forest fragments enhance pollinators activity in nearby coffee crops. Conserv Biol 2004; 18: 1262-1271.
103. Klein AM. Nearby rainforest promotes coffee pollination by increasing spatio-temporal stability in bee species richness. Forest Ecol Manag 2009; 258: 1838-1845
104. Torne-Noguera A, Rodrigo A, Arnan X, Osorio S, Barril-Graells H, Rocha-Filho LC,et al. Determinants of spatial distribution in a bee community: nesting resources, flower resources, and body size. PLosOne 2014; 9: e97255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097255 PMID:24824445
105. Maia-Silva C, Silva CI, Hrncir M, Queiroz RT, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL. Guia de plantas visitadas por abelhas na Caatinga. Fundação Brasil Cidadão, Fortaleza. 2012.
106. Silva CI. Catálogo Polínico: palinologia aplicada em estudos de conservação de abelhas do gênero Xylocopa. EDUFU, Uberlândia. 2010.
107. Giannini TC, Acosta AL, Silva CI, Oliveirae PEAM, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Saraiva AM. Identifying the areas to preserve passion fruit pollination service in Brazilian Tropical Savannas under climate change. Agric Ecosyt Environ 2013a; 171: 39-46.
108. Jaffé R, Pope N, Carvalho AT, Maia UM, Blochtein B, Carvalho CAL, et al. Bees for development: Brazilian survey reveals how to optimize stingless beekeeping. PlosOne in press.
109. Pinto HS, Assad E. Aquecimento global e a nova geografia da produção agrícola no Brasil. EMBRAPA & UNICAMP. 2008.
110. Hortal J, Jimenez-Valverde A, Gomez JF, Lobo JM, Baselga A. Historical bias in biodiversity inventories affects the observed environmental niche of the species. Oikos 2008; 117: 847-858.
111. Teixeira AMG, Soares-Filho BS, Freitas SR, Metzger JP. Modeling landscape dynamics in an Atlantic Rainforest region: implications for conservation. Forest Ecol Manag 2009; 257: 1219-1230.
112. Lira PK, Tambosi LR, Ewers RM, Metzger JP. Land-use and land-cover change in Atlantic Forest landscapes. Forest Ecol Manag 2012; 278: 80-89.
113. Ferraz SFB, Ferraz KMPMB, Cassiano CC, Brancalion PHS, Luz DTA, Azevedo TN, et al. How good are tropical forest patches for ecosystem services provisioning. Landscape Ecol 2014; doi:10.1007/s10980-014-9988-z
114. White TA, Campbell BD, Kemp PD, Hunt CL. Impacts of extreme climatic events on competition during grassland invasions. Glob Change Biol 2001; 7: 1-13.
115. Lurz PWW, Garson PJ, Wauters LA. Effects of temporal and spatial variation in habitat quality on red squirrel dispersal behaviour. Anim Behav 1997; 54: 427-435. PMID:9268475
116. Haas AH. Effects of prior nesting success on site fidelity and breeding dispersal: an experimental approach. Auk 1998; 115: 929-936.
117. Hulme PE. Adapting to climate change: is there scope for ecological management in the face of global threat? J Appl Ecol 2005; 42: 784-794.
118. Moritz RFA, Härtel S, Neumann P. Global invasions of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) and the consequences for biodiversity. Ecoscience 2005; 12: 289-301.