메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 342-353

Characterization of biochemical, functional and structural changes in mice respiratory organs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke

Author keywords

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD); cigarette smoke; partial reversibility; pulmonary inflammation; static compliance

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; CIGARETTE SMOKE; GLUCOSE; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 12P70; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 2; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; AIR POLLUTANT; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; COTININE; CYTOKINE; NICOTINE; PASSIVE SMOKING;

EID: 84938791821     PISSN: 08958378     EISSN: 10917691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1051248     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0141928029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Molecular and cellular mechanisms
    • Barnes PJ, Shapiro SD, Pauwels RA. (2003). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Eur Respir J 22:672-88
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , pp. 672-688
    • Barnes, P.J.1    Shapiro, S.D.2    Pauwels, R.A.3
  • 2
    • 63849147368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers
    • Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob III P. (2009). Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol 192: 29-60
    • (2009) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.192 , pp. 29-60
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Hukkanen, J.2    Jacob, P.3
  • 3
    • 40649111623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchiolar chemokine expression is different after single versus repeated cigarette smoke exposure
    • Betsuyaku T, Hamamura I, Hata J, et al. (2008). Bronchiolar chemokine expression is different after single versus repeated cigarette smoke exposure. Respir Res 9:7-19
    • (2008) Respir Res , vol.9 , pp. 7-19
    • Betsuyaku, T.1    Hamamura, I.2    Hata, J.3
  • 4
    • 77956698524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory changes in the airways of mice caused by cigarette smoke exposure are only partially reversed after smoking cessation
    • Braber S, Henricks PAJ, Nijkamp FP, et al. (2010). Inflammatory changes in the airways of mice caused by cigarette smoke exposure are only partially reversed after smoking cessation. Respir Res 11: 99-110
    • (2010) Respir Res , vol.11 , pp. 99-110
    • Braber, S.1    Paj, H.2    Nijkamp, F.P.3
  • 7
    • 70349091855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing drugs in animal models of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Churg A, Wright JL. (2009). Testing drugs in animal models of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 6:550-2
    • (2009) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.6 , pp. 550-552
    • Churg, A.1    Wright, J.L.2
  • 10
    • 77957719327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An official American Thoracic Society Public Policy Statement: Novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Eisner MD, Anthonisen N, Coultas D, et al. (2010). An official American Thoracic Society Public Policy Statement: novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Crit Care Med 182:693-718
    • (2010) Am J Crit Care Med , vol.182 , pp. 693-718
    • Eisner, M.D.1    Anthonisen, N.2    Coultas, D.3
  • 11
    • 84872706645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of T cell populations in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Eppert BL, Wortham BW, Flury JL, Borchers MT. (2013). Functional characterization of T cell populations in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Immunol 190:1331-40
    • (2013) J Immunol , vol.190 , pp. 1331-1340
    • Eppert, B.L.1    Wortham, B.W.2    Flury, J.L.3    Borchers, M.T.4
  • 12
    • 0032569830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon monoxide poisoning
    • Ernst A, Zibrak JD. (1998). Carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med 339:1603-8
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1603-1608
    • Ernst, A.1    Zibrak, J.D.2
  • 13
    • 34147214922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Last accessed: 20 May 2015
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive lung Disease (GOLD). (2013). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD. Available from: www.goldcopd.org [Last accessed: 20 May 2015]
    • (2013) Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD
  • 14
    • 59349086618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain-dependent differences in susceptibility to lung cancer in inbred mice exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke
    • Gordon T, Bosland M. (2009). Strain-dependent differences in susceptibility to lung cancer in inbred mice exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke. Cancer Lett 18:213-20
    • (2009) Cancer Lett , vol.18 , pp. 213-220
    • Gordon, T.1    Bosland, M.2
  • 15
    • 7044229899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of emphysema in cigarette smoke-exposed mice is strain dependent
    • Guerassimov A, Hoshino Y, Takubo Y, et al. (2004). The development of emphysema in cigarette smoke-exposed mice is strain dependent. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:974-80
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.180 , pp. 974-980
    • Guerassimov, A.1    Hoshino, Y.2    Takubo, Y.3
  • 16
    • 0030823772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for macrophage elastase for cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice
    • Hautamaki RD, Kobayashi DK, Denior RM, Shapiro SD. (1997). Requirement for macrophage elastase for cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Science 277:2002-4
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 2002-2004
    • Hautamaki, R.D.1    Kobayashi, D.K.2    Denior, R.M.3    Shapiro, S.D.4
  • 17
    • 29244473882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrf2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema
    • Iizuka T, Ishi Y, Itoh K, et al. (2005). Nrf2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Gene Cells 10: 1113-25
    • (2005) Gene Cells , vol.10 , pp. 1113-1125
    • Iizuka, T.1    Ishi, Y.2    Itoh, K.3
  • 18
    • 12344321930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanics, nonlinearity, and failure strength of lung tissue in a mouse model of emphysema: Possible role of collagen remodeling
    • Ito S, Ingenito EP, Brewer KK, et al. (2005). Mechanics, nonlinearity, and failure strength of lung tissue in a mouse model of emphysema: possible role of collagen remodeling. J Appl Physiol 98:503-11
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 503-511
    • Ito, S.1    Ingenito, E.P.2    Brewer, K.K.3
  • 19
    • 84885902185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The composition of cigarette smoke determines inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung in COPD mouse models
    • John G, Kohse K, Orasche J, et al. (2014). The composition of cigarette smoke determines inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung in COPD mouse models. Clin Sci 126:207-21
    • (2014) Clin Sci , vol.126 , pp. 207-221
    • John, G.1    Kohse, K.2    Orasche, J.3
  • 20
    • 0035077330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell death and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in emphysema
    • Kasahara Y, Tuder RM, Cool CD, et al. (2001). Endothelial cell death and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:737-44
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 737-744
    • Kasahara, Y.1    Tuder, R.M.2    Cool, C.D.3
  • 21
    • 0033660171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of VEGF receptors causes lung cell apoptosis and emphysema
    • Kasahara Y, Tuder RM, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, et al. (2000). Inhibition of VEGF receptors causes lung cell apoptosis and emphysema. J Clin Invest 106:1311-19
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , pp. 1311-1319
    • Kasahara, Y.1    Tuder, R.M.2    Taraseviciene-Stewart, L.3
  • 22
    • 73549118121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperoxia-induced lung injury in gamma-glutamyl transferase deficiency is associated with alterations in nitrosative and nitrasive stress
    • Klings ES, Lowry MH, Guihua L, et al. (2009). Hyperoxia-induced lung injury in gamma-glutamyl transferase deficiency is associated with alterations in nitrosative and nitrasive stress. Am J Pathol 175: 2309-18
    • (2009) Am J Pathol , vol.175 , pp. 2309-2318
    • Klings, E.S.1    Lowry, M.H.2    Guihua, L.3
  • 23
    • 84872360544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-17A is essential to the development of elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in mice
    • Kurimoto E, Miyahara N, Kanehiro A, et al. (2013). IL-17A is essential to the development of elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in mice. Respir Res 14:5-15
    • (2013) Respir Res , vol.14 , pp. 5-15
    • Kurimoto, E.1    Miyahara, N.2    Kanehiro, A.3
  • 24
    • 0030917238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dose-response relationship between cigarette consumption, biochemical markers and risk of lung cancer
    • Law MR, Morris JK, Watt HC, Wald NJ. (1997). The dose-response relationship between cigarette consumption, biochemical markers and risk of lung cancer. Br J Cancer 75:1690-3
    • (1997) Br J Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 1690-1693
    • Law, M.R.1    Morris, J.K.2    Watt, H.C.3    Wald, N.J.4
  • 25
    • 69249124214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary epithelial neuropilin-1 deletion enhances development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema
    • Le A, Zielinski R, He C, et al. (2009). Pulmonary epithelial neuropilin-1 deletion enhances development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:396-406
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.180 , pp. 396-406
    • Le, A.1    Zielinski, R.2    He, C.3
  • 27
    • 33745090196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of strain and treatment with inhaled all-trans-retinoic acid on cigarette smokeinduced pulmonary emphysema in mice. COPD
    • March TH, Bowen LE, Finch GL, et al. (2005). Effects of strain and treatment with inhaled all-trans-retinoic acid on cigarette smokeinduced pulmonary emphysema in mice. COPD: J Chron Obstruct Dis 2:289-302
    • (2005) J Chron Obstruct Dis , vol.2 , pp. 289-302
    • March, T.H.1    Bowen, L.E.2    Finch, G.L.3
  • 28
    • 33745770618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulators of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in A/J mice
    • March TH, Wilder JA, Esparza DC, et al. (2006). Modulators of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in A/J mice. Toxicol Sci 92: 545-59
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.92 , pp. 545-559
    • March, T.H.1    Wilder, J.A.2    Esparza, D.C.3
  • 29
    • 0027373330 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of clara and type II cells isolated from rat lung by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry
    • Martin J, Dinsdale D, White INH. (1993). Characterization of clara and type II cells isolated from rat lung by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. Biochem J 295:73-80
    • (1993) Biochem J , vol.295 , pp. 73-80
    • Martin, J.1    Dinsdale, D.2    White, I.N.H.3
  • 30
    • 77952784713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cigarette smoke exposure primes NK cell activation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Motz GT, Eppert BL, Wortham BW, et al. (2010). Chronic cigarette smoke exposure primes NK cell activation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Immunol 184:4460-9
    • (2010) J Immunol , vol.184 , pp. 4460-4469
    • Motz, G.T.1    Eppert, B.L.2    Wortham, B.W.3
  • 31
    • 84881021199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative microscopy of the lung: A problem-based approach. Part 2: Stereological parameters and study designs in various disease of the respiratory tract
    • Muhlfeld C, Ochs M. (2013). Quantitative microscopy of the lung: a problem-based approach. Part 2: stereological parameters and study designs in various disease of the respiratory tract. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305:L205-21
    • (2013) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.305 , pp. L205-L221
    • Muhlfeld, C.1    Ochs, M.2
  • 32
    • 84861820455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory forum opinion piece: Blind reading of histopathology slides in general toxicology studies
    • Neef N, Nikula KJ, Carroll SF, Boone L. (2012). Regulatory forum opinion piece: blind reading of histopathology slides in general toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol 40:697-9
    • (2012) Toxicol Pathol , vol.40 , pp. 697-699
    • Neef, N.1    Nikula, K.J.2    Carroll, S.F.3    Boone, L.4
  • 33
    • 84872803708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term systemic effects of nose-only cigarette smoke exposure in mice: Role of oxidative stress
    • Nemmar A, Raza H, Subramaniyan D, et al. (2013). Short-term systemic effects of nose-only cigarette smoke exposure in mice: role of oxidative stress. Cell Physiol Biochem 31:15-24
    • (2013) Cell Physiol Biochem , vol.31 , pp. 15-24
    • Nemmar, A.1    Raza, H.2    Subramaniyan, D.3
  • 34
    • 4344677172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of mainstream cigarette smoke-induced biomarker responses in ICR and C57Bl/6 mice
    • Obot C, Lee KM, Fuciarelli AF, et al. (2004). Characterization of mainstream cigarette smoke-induced biomarker responses in ICR and C57Bl/6 mice. Inhal Toxicol 16:701-19
    • (2004) Inhal Toxicol , vol.16 , pp. 701-719
    • Obot, C.1    Lee, K.M.2    Fuciarelli, A.F.3
  • 35
    • 84879571220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative microscopy of the lung: A problem-approach. Part 1: Basic principles of lung stereololgy
    • Ochs M, Muhlfeld C. (2013). Quantitative microscopy of the lung: a problem-approach. Part 1: basic principles of lung stereololgy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305:L15-22
    • (2013) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.305 , pp. L15-22
    • Ochs, M.1    Muhlfeld, C.2
  • 37
    • 33746857735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of flavoring and casing ingredients on the toxicity of mainstream cigarette smoke in rats
    • Renne RA, Yoshimura H, Yoshino K, et al. (2006). Effects of flavoring and casing ingredients on the toxicity of mainstream cigarette smoke in rats. Inhal Toxicol 18:685-706
    • (2006) Inhal Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 685-706
    • Renne, R.A.1    Yoshimura, H.2    Yoshino, K.3
  • 38
    • 22144460210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated expression of TARC (CCL17) and MDC (CCL22) in models of cigarette smokeinduced pulmonary inflammation
    • Ritter M, Goggel R, Chaudhary N, et al. (2005). Elevated expression of TARC (CCL17) and MDC (CCL22) in models of cigarette smokeinduced pulmonary inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 334: 254-62
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Comm , vol.334 , pp. 254-262
    • Ritter, M.1    Goggel, R.2    Chaudhary, N.3
  • 39
    • 84858971580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mainstream smoke chemistry and in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the reference 316- cigarette 3R4F and 2R4F
    • Roemer E, Schramke H, Weiler H, et al. (2012). Mainstream smoke chemistry and in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the reference 316- cigarette 3R4F and 2R4F. Contrib Tob Res 25:316-30
    • (2012) Contrib Tob Res , vol.25 , pp. 316-330
    • Roemer, E.1    Schramke, H.2    Weiler, H.3
  • 40
    • 77953357542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short term effects of reduced exposure to cigarette smoke on white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells in adult cigarette smokers
    • Roething HJ, Koval T, Muhammad-Kah R, et al. (2010). Short term effects of reduced exposure to cigarette smoke on white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells in adult cigarette smokers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 57:333-7
    • (2010) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 333-337
    • Roething, H.J.1    Koval, T.2    Muhammad-Kah, R.3
  • 41
    • 84894055392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of mouse lung tissue dimensions during processing for morphometry: A comparison of methods
    • Schneider JP, Ochs M. (2014). Alterations of mouse lung tissue dimensions during processing for morphometry: A comparison of methods. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 306:L341-50
    • (2014) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.306 , pp. L341-L350
    • Schneider, J.P.1    Ochs, M.2
  • 42
    • 0041374156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the progressive nature of emphysema: Roles of proteases, inflammation, and mechanical forces
    • Suki B, Lutchen KR, Ingenito EP. (2003). On the progressive nature of emphysema: roles of proteases, inflammation, and mechanical forces. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:516-21
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 516-521
    • Suki, B.1    Lutchen, K.R.2    Ingenito, E.P.3
  • 43
    • 0037114131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A1-Antitrypsin determines the pattern of emphysema and function in tobacco smokeexposed mice
    • Takubo Y, Guerassimov A, Ghezzo H, et al. (2002). a1-Antitrypsin determines the pattern of emphysema and function in tobacco smokeexposed mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:1596-603
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 1596-1603
    • Takubo, Y.1    Guerassimov, A.2    Ghezzo, H.3
  • 44
    • 80052121263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of mouse strains and exposure conditions in acute cigarette smoke inhalation studies
    • Tsuji H, Fujimoto H, Matsuura D, et al. (2011a). Comparison of mouse strains and exposure conditions in acute cigarette smoke inhalation studies. Inhal Toxicol 23:602-15
    • (2011) Inhal Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 602-615
    • Tsuji, H.1    Fujimoto, H.2    Matsuura, D.3
  • 45
    • 78651411486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the physiological and morphological effects of cigarette smoke exposure at comparable weekly doses on Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Tsuji H, Lee KM, Yoshino K, et al. (2011b). Comparison of the physiological and morphological effects of cigarette smoke exposure at comparable weekly doses on Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhal Toxicol 23:17-32
    • (2011) Inhal Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 17-32
    • Tsuji, H.1    Lee, K.M.2    Yoshino, K.3
  • 46
    • 84880601623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of biological responses in rats under various cigarette smoke exposure conditions
    • Tsuji H, Fujimoto H, Matsuura D, et al. (2013). Comparison of biological responses in rats under various cigarette smoke exposure conditions. J Toxicol Pathol 26:159-74
    • (2013) J Toxicol Pathol , vol.26 , pp. 159-174
    • Tsuji, H.1    Fujimoto, H.2    Matsuura, D.3
  • 48
    • 84876092982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of aldehydes in cigarette smoke-induced acute airway inflammation
    • van der Toorn M, Slebos DJ, de Bruin HG, et al. (2013). Critical role of aldehydes in cigarette smoke-induced acute airway inflammation. Respir Res 14:45-57
    • (2013) Respir Res , vol.14 , pp. 45-57
    • Van Der Toorn, M.1    Slebos, D.J.2    De Bruin, H.G.3
  • 49
    • 77951617206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of mouse alveolar macrophages to cigarette smoke is strain dependent
    • Vecchio D, Arezzini B, Pecorelli A, et al. (2010). Reactivity of mouse alveolar macrophages to cigarette smoke is strain dependent. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 209:L704-13
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.209 , pp. L704-L713
    • Vecchio, D.1    Arezzini, B.2    Pecorelli, A.3
  • 50
    • 84886649088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in pre-clinical mouse models of COPD
    • Vlahos R, Bonzinovski S. (2014). Recent advances in pre-clinical mouse models of COPD. Clin Sci 126:253-65
    • (2014) Clin Sci , vol.126 , pp. 253-265
    • Vlahos, R.1    Bonzinovski, S.2
  • 51
    • 33646585181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential protease, innate immunity, and NF-kB induction profiles during lung inflammation induced by subchronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice
    • Vlahos R, Bozinovski S, Jones JE, et al. (2006). Differential protease, innate immunity, and NF-kB induction profiles during lung inflammation induced by subchronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 290:L931-45
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.290 , pp. L931-L945
    • Vlahos, R.1    Bozinovski, S.2    Jones, J.E.3
  • 52
    • 0028322034 scopus 로고
    • Effect of smoking cessation on pulmonary and cardiovascular function and structure: Analysis of Guinea pig model
    • Wright JL, Sun JP. (1994). Effect of smoking cessation on pulmonary and cardiovascular function and structure: Analysis of Guinea pig model. J Appl Physiol 76:2163-8
    • (1994) J Appl Physiol , vol.76 , pp. 2163-2168
    • Wright, J.L.1    Sun, J.P.2
  • 53
    • 84880977857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging does not enhance experimental cigarette smoke-induced COPD in the mouse
    • Zhou S, Wright JL, Liu J, et al. (2013). Aging does not enhance experimental cigarette smoke-induced COPD in the mouse. PLoS One 8:e71410
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e71410
    • Zhou, S.1    Wright, J.L.2    Liu, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.