The extended fronto-striatal model of obsessive compulsive disorder: Convergence from event-related potentials, neuropsychology and neuroimaging

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Volumn , Issue AUGUST, 2012, Pages

  Melloni, Margherita ^a   Urbistondo, Claudia ^a   Sedeño, Lucas ^a   Gelormini, Carlos ^a,c   Kichic, Rafael ^a   Ibanez, Agustin ^a,b,c  

^a FAVALORO UNIVERSITY   (Argentina)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DIEGO PORTALES   (Chile)

^c National Scientific and Technical Research Council ^*  (Argentina)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CINGULATE; ARTICLE; BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN REGION; ENDOPHENOTYPE; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ORBITAL CORTEX; PARIETAL CORTEX; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 84933674242     PISSN: 16625161     EISSN: 16625161     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (248)

1. Abbruzzese, M., Bellodi, L., Ferri, S., and Scarone, S. (1995a). Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a neuropsychological study. Brain Cogn 27, 202-212.
2. Abbruzzese, M., Ferri, S., and Scarone, S. (1995b). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: no evidence for involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res 58, 37-43.
3. Abbruzzese, M., Ferri, S., and Scarone, S. (1997). The selective breakdown of frontal functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and in patients with schizophrenia: a double dissociation experimental finding. Neuropsychologia 35, 907-912.
4. Adler, C.M., Mcdonough-Ryan, P., Sax, K.W., Holland, S.K., Arndt, S., and Strakowski, S.M. (2000). fMRI of neuronal activation with symptom provocation in unmedicated patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research 34, 317-324.
5. Agam, Y., Hamalainen, M.S., Lee, A.K., Dyckman, K.A., Friedman, J.S., Isom, M., Makris, N., and Manoach, D.S. (2011). Multimodal neuroimaging dissociates hemodynamic and electrophysiological correlates of error processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 17556-17561.
6. Alexander, G.E., Delong, M.R., and Strick, P.L. (1986). Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 9, 357-381.
7. Alptekin, K., Degirmenci, B., Kivircik, B., Durak, H., Yemez, B., Derebek, E., and Tunca, Z. (2001). Tc-99m HMPAO brain perfusion SPECT in drug-free obsessive-compulsive patients without depression. Psychiatry Res 107, 51-56.
8. Amaral, D., Price, J., Pitkanen, A., and Carmichael, S. (1992). Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex., in The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction., ed. J. Aggleton. (New York: Wiley-Liss), 1-22.
9. Anokhin, A.P., Golosheykin, S., and Heath, A.C. (2008). Heritability of frontal brain function related to action monitoring. Psychophysiology 45, 524-534.
10. Aouizerate, B., Guehl, D., Cuny, E., Rougier, A., Bioulac, B., Tignol, J., and Burbaud, P. (2004). Pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a necessary link between phenomenology, neuropsychology, imagery and physiology. Prog Neurobiol 72, 195-221.
11. Aravena, P., Hurtado, E., Riveros, R., Cardona, J.F., Manes, F., and Ibanez, A. (2010). Applauding with closed hands: neural signature of action-sentence compatibility effects. PLoS One 5, e11751.
12. Aronowitz, B.R., Hollander, E., Decaria, C., Cohen, L., Saoud, J.B., and Stein, D. (1994). Neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Preliminary findings. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, 81-86.
13. Aycicegi, A., Dinn, W.M., Harris, C.L., and Erkmen, H. (2003). Neuropsychological function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid conditions on task performance. Eur Psychiatry 18, 241-248.
14. Bannon, S., Gonsalvez, C.J., Croft, R.J., and Boyce, P.M. (2002). Response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 110, 165-174.
15. Barcelo, F. (2003). The Madrid card sorting test (MCST): a task switching paradigm to study executive attention with event-related potentials. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 11, 27-37.
16. Baxter, L.R., Jr., Phelps, M.E., Mazziotta, J.C., Guze, B.H., Schwartz, J.M., and Selin, C.E. (1987). Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44, 211-218.
17. Baxter, L.R., Jr., Schwartz, J.M., Bergman, K.S., Szuba, M.P., Guze, B.H., Mazziotta, J.C., Alazraki, A., Selin, C.E., Ferng, H.K., Munford, P., and Et Al. (1992). Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49, 681-689.
18. Baxter, L.R., Jr., Schwartz, J.M., Mazziotta, J.C., Phelps, M.E., Pahl, J.J., Guze, B.H., and Fairbanks, L. (1988). Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 145, 1560-1563.
19. Beech, H.R., Ciesielski, K.T., and Gordon, P.K. (1983). Further observations of evoked potential in obsessional patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 142, 605-609.
20. Berg, E.A. (1948). A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking. J Gen Psychol 39, 15-22.
21. Bernstein, P.S., Scheffers, M.K., and Coles, M.G. (1995). Where did I go wrong? A psychophysiological analysis of error detection. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 21, 1312-1322.
22. Berthier, M.L., Kulisevsky, J., Gironell, A., and Heras, J.A. (1996). Obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with brain lesions: clinical phenomenology, cognitive function, and anatomic correlates. Neurology 47, 353-361.
23. Boone, K.B., Ananth, J., and Philpott, L. (1991). Neuropsychological characteristics of nondepressed adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, 96-109.
24. Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L.E., Fissell, K., Carter, C.S., and Cohen, J.D. (1999). Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex. Nature 402, 179-181.
25. Brazdil, M., Roman, R., Daniel, P., and Rektor, I. (2005). Intracerebral error-related negativity in a simply go/nogo task. Journal of Psychophysiology, 244-255.
26. Breiter, H.C., Rauch, S.L., Kwong, K.K., Baker, J.R., Weisskoff, R.M., Kennedy, D.N., Kendrick, A.D., Davis, T.L., Jiang, A., and Cohen, M.S. (1996). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry Res 53, 595-606.
27. Bremner, J.D. (2004). Brain imaging in anxiety disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 4, 275-284.
28. Bush, G., and Shin, L.M. (2006). The Multi-Source Interference Task: an fMRI task that reliably activates the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive/attention network. Nat Protoc 1, 308-313.
29. Cabeza, R., and Nyberg, L. (2000). Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. J Cogn Neurosci 12, 1-47.
30. Cabrera, A.R., Mcnally, R.J., and Savage, C.R. (2001). Missing the forest for the trees? Deficient memory for linguistic gist in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 31, 1089-1094.
31. Cardoner, N., Harrison, B.J., Pujol, J., Soriano-Mas, C., Hernandez-Ribas, R., Lopez-Sola, M., Real, E., Deus, J., Ortiz, H., Alonso, P., and Menchon, J.M. (2011). Enhanced brain responsiveness during active emotional face processing in obsessive compulsive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 12, 349-363.
32. Carmichael, S.T., and Price, J.L. (1995). Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 363, 615-641.
33. Carter, C.S., Braver, T.S., Barch, D.M., Botvinick, M.M., Noll, D., and Cohen, J.D. (1998). Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance. Science 280, 747-749.
34. Cavada, C., Company, T., Tejedor, J., Cruz-Rizzolo, R.J., and Reinoso-Suarez, F. (2000). The anatomical connections of the macaque monkey orbitofrontal cortex. A review. Cereb Cortex 10, 220-242.
35. Cavada, C., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. (1989). Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe. J Comp Neurol 287, 422-445.
36. Cavedini, P., Cisima, M., Riboldi, G., D'annucci, A., and Bellodi, L. (2001). A neuropsychological study of dissociation in cortical and subcortical functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder by Tower of Hanoi task. Brain Cogn 46, 357-363.
37. Cavedini, P., Ferri, S., Scarone, S., and Bellodi, L. (1998). Frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessivecompulsive disorder and major depression: a clinical-neuropsychological study. Psychiatry Res 78, 21-28.
38. Ciesielski, K.T., Beech, H.R., and Gordon, P.K. (1981). Some electrophysiological observations in obsessional states. British Journal of Psychiatry 138, 479-484.
39. Ciesielski, K.T., Rowland, L.M., Harris, R.J., Kerwin, A.A., Reeve, A., and Knight, J.E. (2011). Increased anterior brain activation to correct responses on high-conflict Stroop task in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 122, 107-113.
40. Clark, C.R., Galletly, C.A., Ash, D.J., Moores, K.A., Penrose, R.A., and Mcfarlane, A.C. (2009). Evidence-based medicine evaluation of electrophysiological studies of the anxiety disorders. Clin EEG Neurosci 40, 84-112.
41. Cohen, L.J., Hollander, E., Decaria, C.M., Stein, D.J., Simeon, D., Liebowitz, M.R., and Aronowitz, B.R. (1996). Specificity of neuropsychological impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparison with social phobic and normal control subjects. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 8, 82-85.
42. Cornejo, C., Simonetti, F., Ibanez, A., Aldunate, N., Ceric, F., Lopez, V., and Nunez, R.E. (2009). Gesture and metaphor comprehension: electrophysiological evidence of cross-modal coordination by audiovisual stimulation. Brain Cogn 70, 42-52.
43. Couto, B., Sedeño, L., Sposato, L.A., Sigman, M., Riccio, C.A., Salles, A., Lopez, V., Schoeder, J., Manes, F., and Ibanez, A. (Accepted). Insular networks for emotional processing and social cognition: Comparison of two case reports with either cortical or subcortical involvement. Cortex.
44. Culham, J.C., and Kanwisher, N.G. (2001). Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11, 157-163.
45. Chamberlain, S.R., Blackwell, A.D., Fineberg, N.A., Robbins, T.W., and Sahakian, B.J. (2005). The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29, 399-419.
46. Chamberlain, S.R., and Menzies, L. (2009). Endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: rationale, evidence and future potential. Expert Rev Neurother 9, 1133-1146.
47. Choi, J.S., Kim, H.S., Yoo, S.Y., Ha, T.H., Chang, J.H., Kim, Y.Y., Shin, Y.W., and Kwon, J.S. (2006). Morphometric alterations of anterior superior temporal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 23, 290-296.
48. Christensen, K.J., Kim, S.W., Dysken, M.W., and Hoover, K.M. (1992). Neuropsychological performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 31, 4-18.
49. Dalley, J.W., Mar, A.C., Economidou, D., and Robbins, T.W. (2008). Neurobehavioral mechanisms of impulsivity: fronto-striatal systems and functional neurochemistry. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90, 250-260.
50. De Bruijn, E.R., Hulstijn, W., Verkes, R.J., Ruigt, G.S., and Sabbe, B.G. (2004). Drug-induced stimulation and suppression of action monitoring in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 177, 151-160.
51. Deckersbach, T., Otto, M.W., Savage, C.R., Baer, L., and Jenike, M.A. (2000). The relationship between semantic organization and memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom 69, 101-107.
52. Dehaene, S., Posner, M.I., and Tucker, D.M. (1994). Localization of a neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychol Sci, 303-305.
53. Donamayor, N., Heilbronner, U., and Munte, T.F. (2011). Coupling electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses to errors. Hum Brain Mapp.
54. Dougherty, D.D., Baer, L., Cosgrove, G.R., Cassem, E.H., Price, B.H., Nierenberg, A.A., Jenike, M.A., and Rauch, S.L. (2002). Prospective long-term follow-up of 44 patients who received cingulotomy for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 159, 269-275.
55. Dufey, M., Hurtado, E., Fernandez, A.M., Manes, F., and Ibanez, A. (2011). Exploring the relationship between vagal tone and event-related potentials in response to an affective picture task. Soc Neurosci 6, 48-62.
56. Edwards, B.G., Calhoun, V.D., and Kiehl, K.A. (2012). Joint ICA of ERP and fMRI during errormonitoring. Neuroimage 59, 1896-1903.
57. Eimer, M. (1993). Effects of attention and stimulus probability on ERPs in a Go/Nogo task. Biol Psychol 35, 123-138.
58. Elliott, R., Dolan, R.J., and Frith, C.D. (2000). Dissociable functions in the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from human neuroimaging studies. Cereb Cortex 10, 308-317.
59. Endrass, T., Klawohn, J., Schuster, F., and Kathmann, N. (2008). Overactive performance monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder: ERP evidence from correct and erroneous reactions. Neuropsychologia 46, 1877-1887.
60. Endrass, T., Schuermann, B., Kaufmann, C., Spielberg, R., and Kniesche, N.K. (2010). Performance monitoring and error significance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychol, 257-263.
61. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., and Hoormann, J. (1993). Late visual and auditory ERP components and choice reaction time. Biol Psychol 35, 201-224.
62. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., and Hoormann, J. (1994). Effects of choice complexity on different subcomponents of the late positive complex of the event-related potential. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 92, 148-160.
63. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., and Hoormann, J. (1995). Event-related potential correlates of errors in reaction tasks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 44, 287-296.
64. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., and Blanke, L. (1991). Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 78, 447-455.
65. Falkenstein, M., Hoormann, J., Christ, S., and Hohnsbein, J. (2000). ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: a tutorial. Biol Psychol 51, 87-107.
66. Fernandez-Duque, D., and Posner, M.I. (2001). Brain imaging of attentional networks in normal and pathological states. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 23, 74-93.
67. Fitzgerald, K.D., Welsh, R.C., Stern, E.R., Angstadt, M., Hanna, G.L., Abelson, J.L., and Taylor, S.F. (2011). Developmental alterations of frontal-striatal-thalamic connectivity in obsessivecompulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50, 938-948 e933.
68. Fontenelle, I.S., Fontenelle, L.F., Borges, M.C., Prazeres, A.M., Range, B.P., Mendlowicz, M.V., and Versiani, M. (2010). Quality of life and symptom dimensions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 179, 198-203.
69. Franklin, M.E., and Foa, E.B. (2011). Treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 7, 229-243.
70. Freedman, M. (1990). Object alternation and orbitofrontal system dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 14, 134-143.
71. Freedman, M., Black, S., Ebert, P., and Binns, M. (1998). Orbitofrontal function, object alternation and perseveration. Cereb Cortex 8, 18-27.
72. Freedman, M., and Oscar-Berman, M. (1986). Bilateral frontal lobe disease and selective delayed response deficits in humans. Behav Neurosci 100, 337-342.
73. Freud, S. (1955). Notes upon a case of obbsessional neurosis, in Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud. (London: Hogarth Press 153).
74. Freyer, T., Kloppel, S., Tuscher, O., Kordon, A., Zurowski, B., Kuelz, A.K., Speck, O., Glauche, V., and Voderholzer, U. (2011). Frontostriatal activation in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychol Med 41, 207-216.
75. Friederici, A.D., and Kotz, S.A. (2003). The brain basis of syntactic processes: functional imaging and lesion studies. Neuroimage 20 Suppl 1, S8-17.
76. Friedlander, L., and Desrocher, M. (2006). Neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults and children. Clin Psychol Rev 26, 32-49.
77. Gehring, W.J., Goss, B., Coles, M.G., Meyer, D.E., and Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error-detection and compensation. Psychol Sci, 385-390.
78. Gehring, W.J., Himle, J., and Nisenson, L.G. (2000). Action-monitoring dysfunction in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychol Sci 11, 1-6.
79. Gottesman, Ii, and Gould, T.D. (2003). The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 160, 636-645.
80. Gratton, G., Coles, M.G., Sirevaag, E.J., Eriksen, C.W., and Donchin, E. (1988). Pre- and poststimulus activation of response channels: a psychophysiological analysis. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 14, 331-344.
81. Graybiel, A.M., and Rauch, S.L. (2000). Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuron 28, 343-347.
82. Greisberg, S., and Mckay, D. (2003). Neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review and treatment implications. Clin Psychol Rev 23, 95-117.
83. Gross-Isseroff, R., Sasson, Y., Voet, H., Hendler, T., Luca-Haimovici, K., Kandel-Sussman, H., and Zohar, J. (1996). Alternation learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 39, 733-738.
84. Grundler, T.O., Cavanagh, J.F., Figueroa, C.M., Frank, M.J., and Allen, J.J. (2009). Task-related dissociation in ERN amplitude as a function of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Neuropsychologia 47, 1978-1987.
85. Guerra, S., Ibanez, A., Martin, M., Bobes, M.A., Reyes, A., Mendoza, R., Bravo, T., Dominguez, M., and Sosa, M.V. (2009). N400 deficits from semantic matching of pictures in probands and first-degree relatives from multiplex schizophrenia families. Brain Cogn 70, 221-230.
86. Haber, S.N., and Knutson, B. (2010). The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 4-26.
87. Hajcak, G., Franklin, M.E., Foa, E.B., and Simons, R.F. (2008). Increased error-related brain activity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment. Am J Psychiatry 165, 116-123.
88. Hajcak, G., Moser, J.S., Yeung, N., and Simons, R.F. (2005). On the ERN and the significance of errors. Psychophysiology 42, 151-160.
89. Hajcak, G., and Simons, R.F. (2002). Error-related brain activity in obsessive-compulsive undergraduates. Psychiatry Res 110, 63-72.
90. Hampshire, A., and Owen, A.M. (2006). Fractionating attentional control using event-related fMRI. Cereb Cortex 16, 1679-1689.
91. Head, D., Bolton, D., and Hymas, N. (1989). Deficit in cognitive shifting ability in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 25, 929-937.
92. Heekeren, H.R., Marrett, S., and Ungerleider, L.G. (2008). The neural systems that mediate human perceptual decision making. Nat Rev Neurosci 9, 467-479.
93. Heil, M., Osman, A., Wiegelmann, J., Rolke, B., and Hennighausen, E. (2000). N200 in the Eriksen- Task: Inhibitory Executive Processes? J Psychophysiol 14.
94. Hikosaka, K., and Watanabe, M. (2004). Long- and short-range reward expectancy in the primate orbitofrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 19, 1046-1054.
95. Hogan, A.M., Vargha-Khadem, F., Saunders, D.E., Kirkham, F.J., and Baldeweg, T. (2006). Impact of frontal white matter lesions on performance monitoring: ERP evidence for cortical disconnection. Brain 129, 2177-2188.
96. Holroyd, C.B., and Coles, M.G. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychol Rev 109, 679-709.
97. Holroyd, C.B., Dien, J., and Coles, M.G. (1998). Error-related scalp potentials elicited by hand and foot movements: evidence for an output-independent error-processing system in humans. Neurosci Lett 242, 65-68.
98. Hollander, E., Cohen, L., Richards, M., Mullen, L., Decaria, C., and Stern, Y. (1993). A pilot study of the neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Parkinson's disease: basal ganglia disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 5, 104-107.
99. Horn, N.R., Dolan, M., Elliott, R., Deakin, J.F., and Woodruff, P.W. (2003). Response inhibition and impulsivity: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 41, 1959-1966.
100. Huey, E.D., Zahn, R., Krueger, F., Moll, J., Kapogiannis, D., Wassermann, E.M., and Grafman, J. (2008). A psychological and neuroanatomical model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20, 390-408.
101. Hurtado, E., Haye, A., Gonzalez, R., Manes, F., and Ibanez, A. (2009). Contextual blending of ingroup/outgroup face stimuli and word valence: LPP modulation and convergence of measures. BMC Neurosci 10, 69.
102. Hymas, N., Lees, A., Bolton, D., Epps, K., and Head, D. (1991). The neurology of obsessional slowness. Brain 114 (Pt 5), 2203-2233.
103. Ibanez, A., Cetkovich, M., Petroni, A., Urquina, H., Baez, S., Gonzalez-Gadea, M.L., Kamienkowski, J.E., Torralva, T., Torrente, F., Strejilevich, S., Teitelbaum, J., Hurtado, E., Guex, R., Melloni, M., Lischinsky, A., Sigman, M., and Manes, F. (2012a). The Neural Basis of Decision-Making and Reward Processing in Adults with Euthymic Bipolar Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). PLoS ONE 7, e37306.
104. Ibanez, A., Gleichgerrcht, E., and Manes, F. (2010a). Clinical effects of insular damage in humans. Brain Struct Funct 214, 397-410.
105. Ibanez, A., Hurtado, E., Lobos, A., Escobar, J., Trujillo, N., Baez, S., Huepe, D., Manes, F., and Decety, J. (2011a). Subliminal presentation of other faces (but not own face) primes behavioral and evoked cortical processing of empathy for pain. Brain Res 1398, 72-85.
106. Ibanez, A., Hurtado, E., Riveros, R., Urquina, H., Cardona, J.F., Petroni, A., Lobos-Infante, A., Barutta, J., Baez, S., and Manes, F. (2011b). Facial and semantic emotional interference: a pilot study on the behavioral and cortical responses to the Dual Valence Association Task. Behav Brain Funct 7, 8.
107. Ibanez, A., Lopez, V., and Cornejo, C. (2006). ERPs and contextual semantic discrimination: degrees of congruence in wakefulness and sleep. Brain Lang 98, 264-275.
108. Ibanez, A., and Manes, F. (2012). Contextual Social Cognition and the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia. Neurology 78, 1354-1362.
109. Ibanez, A., Manes, F., Escobar, J., Trujillo, N., Andreucci, P., and Hurtado, E. (2010b). Gesture influences the processing of figurative language in non-native speakers: ERP evidence. Neurosci Lett 471, 48-52.
110. Ibanez, A., Melloni, M., Huepe, D., Helgiu, E., Rivera-Rei, A., Canales-Johnson, A., Baker, P., and Moya, A. (2012b). What event related potentials (ERP) bring to social neuroscience. Social Neuroscience 10.1080/17470919.2012.691078.
111. Ibanez, A., Petroni, A., Urquina, H., Torrente, F., Torralva, T., Hurtado, E., Guex, R., Blenkmann, A., Beltrachini, L., Muravchik, C., Baez, S., Cetkovich, M., Sigman, M., Lischinsky, A., and Manes, F. (2011c). Cortical deficits of emotional face processing in adults with ADHD: its relation to social cognition and executive function. Soc Neurosci 6, 464-481.
112. Ibanez, A., Riveros, R., Aravena, P., Vergara, V., Cardona, J.F., Garcia, L., Hurtado, E., Reyes, M.M., Barutta, J., and Manes, F. (2011d). When context is difficult to integrate: cortical measures of congruency in schizophrenics and healthy relatives from multiplex families. Schizophr Res 126, 303-305.
113. Ibanez, A., Riveros, R., Hurtado, E., Gleichgerrcht, E., Urquina, H., Herrera, E., Amoruso, L., Reyes, M.M., and Manes, F. (2012c). The face and its emotion: Right N170 deficits in structural processing and early emotional discrimination in schizophrenic patients and relatives. Psychiatry Res 195, 18-26.
114. Ibanez, A., Toro, P., Cornejo, C., Urquina, H., Manes, F., Weisbrod, M., and Schroder, J. (2011e). High contextual sensitivity of metaphorical expressions and gesture blending: A video event-related potential design. Psychiatry Res 191, 68-75.
115. Ibanez, A.M., San Martin, R., Hurtado, E., and Lopez, V. (2008). Methodological considerations related to sleep paradigm using event related potentials. Biol Res 41, 271-275.
116. Ibáñez, A., Cardona, J.F., Dos Santos, Y.V., Blenkmann, A., Aravena, P., Roca, M., Hurtado, E., Nerguizian, M., Amoruso, L., Gómez-Arévalo, G., Chade, A., Dubrovsky, A., Gershanik, O., Kochen, S., Glenberg, A., Manes, F., and Bekinschtein, T. (2012). Motor-language coupling: Direct evidence from early Parkinson's disease and intracranial cortical recordings. Cortex DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.02.014
117. Ibáñez, A., Riveros, R., Aravena, P., Vergara, V., Cardona, J.F., García, L., Hurtado, E., Reyes, M.M., Barutta, J., and Manes, F. (2011). When context is difficult to integrate: Cortical measures of congruency in schizophrenics and healthy relatives from multiplex families. Schizophrenia Research 126, 303-305.
118. Johannes, S., Wieringa, B.M., Nager, W., Rada, D., Dengler, R., Emrich, H.M., Munte, T.F., and Dietrich, D.E. (2001). Discrepant target detection and action monitoring in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 108, 101-110.
119. Jung, J., Jerbi, K., Ossandon, T., Ryvlin, P., Isnard, J., Bertrand, O., Guenot, M., Mauguiere, F., and Lachaux, J.P. (2010). Brain responses to success and failure: Direct recordings from human cerebral cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 31, 1217-1232.
120. Kalatzis, I., Piliouras, N., Glotsos, D., Ventouras, E., Papageorgiou, C., Rabavilas, A., Soldatos, C., and Cavouras, D. (2005). Identifying Differences in the P600 Component of ERP-Signals between OCD Patients and Controls Employing a PNN-based Majority Vote Classification Scheme. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 4, 3994-3997.
121. Kathmann, N., Rupertseder, C., Hauke, W., and Zaudig, M. (2005). Implicit sequence learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: further support for the fronto-striatal dysfunction model. Biol Psychiatry 58, 239-244.
122. Kendler, K.S., and Neale, M.C. (2010). Endophenotype: a conceptual analysis. Mol Psychiatry 15, 789-797.
123. Kim, M.S., Park, S.J., Shin, M.S., and Kwon, J.S. (2002). Neuropsychological profile in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder over a period of 4-month treatment. J Psychiatr Res 36, 257-265.
124. Kok, A. (1986). Effects of degradation of visual stimulation on components of the event-related potential (ERP) in go/nogo reaction tasks. Biol Psychol 23, 21-38.
125. Kompus, K., Eichele, T., Hugdahl, K., and Nyberg, L. (2011). Multimodal imaging of incidental retrieval: the low route to memory. J Cogn Neurosci 23, 947-960.
126. Kopp, B., Mattler, U., Goertz, R., and Rist, F. (1996a). N2, P3 and the lateralized readiness potential in a nogo task involving selective response priming. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 99, 19-27.
127. Kopp, B., Rist, F., and Mattler, U. (1996b). N200 in the flanker task as a neurobehavioral tool for investigating executive control. Psychophysiology 33, 282-294.
128. Krebs, R.M., Boehler, C.N., Roberts, K.C., Song, A.W., and Woldorff, M.G. (2012). The involvement of the dopaminergic midbrain and cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in the integration of reward prospect and attentional task demands. Cereb Cortex 22, 607-615.
129. Kuelz, A.K., Hohagen, F., and Voderholzer, U. (2004). Neuropsychological performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a critical review. Biol Psychol 65, 185-236.
130. Kuhn, S., Schubert, F., and Gallinat, J. (2011). Structural correlates of trait anxiety: reduced thickness in medial orbitofrontal cortex accompanied by volume increase in nucleus accumbens. J Affect Disord 134, 315-319.
131. Kwon, J.S., Kim, J.J., Lee, D.W., Lee, J.S., Lee, D.S., Kim, M.S., Lyoo, I.K., Cho, M.J., and Lee, M.C. (2003a). Neural correlates of clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 122, 37-47.
132. Kwon, J.S., Shin, Y., Kim, C., Kim, Y., Youn, T., and Han, M. (2003b). Similarity and disparity of obsessivecompulsive disorder and schizophrenia in MR volumetric abnormalities of the hippocampusamygdala complex. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 74, 962-964.
133. Lawrence, A.D., Sahakian, B.J., and Robbins, T.W. (1998). Cognitive functions and corticostriatal circuits: insights from Huntington's disease. Trends Cogn Sci 2, 379-388.
134. Le, T.H., Pardo, J.V., and Hu, X. (1998). 4 T-fMRI study of nonspatial shifting of selective attention: cerebellar and parietal contributions. J Neurophysiol 79, 1535-1548.
135. Ledoux, J. (2007). The amygdala. Curr Biol 17, R868-R874.
136. Ledoux, J.E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 23, 155-184.
137. Lepsien, J., and Pollmann, S. (2002). Covert reorienting and inhibition of return: an event-related fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 14, 127-144.
138. Liotti, M., Woldorff, M.G., Perez, R., and Mayberg, H.S. (2000). An ERP study of the temporal course of the Stroop color-word interference effect. Neuropsychologia 38, 701-711.
139. Lucey, J.V., Burness, C.E., Costa, D.C., Gacinovic, S., Pilowsky, L.S., Ell, P.J., Marks, I.M., and Kerwin, R.W. (1997a). Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) errors and cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Br J Med Psychol 70 (Pt 4), 403-411.
140. Lucey, J.V., Costa, D.C., Adshead, G., Deahl, M., Busatto, G., Gacinovic, S., Travis, M., Pilowsky, L., Ell, P.J., Marks, I.M., and Kerwin, R.W. (1997b). Brain blood flow in anxiety disorders. OCD, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder on 99mTcHMPAO single photon emission tomography (SPET). Br J Psychiatry 171, 346-350.
141. Machlin, S.R., Harris, G.J., Pearlson, G.D., Hoehn-Saric, R., Jeffery, P., and Camargo, E.E. (1991). Elevated medial-frontal cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients: a SPECT study. Am J Psychiatry 148, 1240-1242.
142. Maia, T.V., Cooney, R.E., and Peterson, B.S. (2008). The neural bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults. Dev Psychopathol 20, 1251-1283.
143. Maillard, L., Barbeau, E.J., Baumann, C., Koessler, L., Benar, C., Chauvel, P., and Liegeois-Chauvel, C. (2011). From perception to recognition memory: time course and lateralization of neural substrates of word and abstract picture processing. J Cogn Neurosci 23, 782-800.
144. Maltby, N., Tolin, D.F., Worhunsky, P., O'keefe, T.M., and Kiehl, K.A. (2005). Dysfunctional action monitoring hyperactivates frontal-striatal circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 24, 495-503.
145. Martin, A., Pigott, T.A., Lalonde, F.M., Dalton, I., Dubbert, B., and Murphy, D.L. (1993). Lack of evidence for Huntington's disease-like cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 33, 345-353.
146. Martin, A., Wiggs, C.L., Altemus, M., Rubenstein, C., and Murphy, D.L. (1995). Working memory as assessed by subject-ordered tasks in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 17, 786-792.
147. Martinot, J.L., Allilaire, J.F., Mazoyer, B.M., Hantouche, E., Huret, J.D., Legaut-Demare, F., Deslauriers, A.G., Hardy, P., Pappata, S., Baron, J.C., and Et Al. (1990). Obsessive compulsive disorder: a clinical, neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 82, 233-242.
148. Mataix-Cols, D., Alonso, P., Pifarre, J., Menchon, J.M., and Vallejo, J. (2002). Neuropsychological performance in medicated vs. unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 109, 255-264.
149. Mataix-Cols, D., Junque, C., Sanchez-Turet, M., Vallejo, J., Verger, K., and Barrios, M. (1999). Neuropsychological functioning in a subclinical obsessive-compulsive sample. Biol Psychiatry 45, 898-904.
150. Mataix-Cols, D., Wooderson, S., Lawrence, N., Brammer, M.J., Speckens, A., and Phillips, M.L. (2004). Distinct neural correlates of washing, checking, and hoarding symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61, 564-576.
151. Mathews, C.A., Perez, V.B., Delucchi, K.L., and Mathalon, D.H. (2012). Error-related negativity in individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms: toward an understanding of hoarding behaviors. Biol Psychol 89, 487-494.
152. Mega, M., and Cummings, J. (2001). Frontal subcortical circuits. In: Salloway, S.; Malloy, P.; Duffy, JD., editors. The frontal lobes and neuropsychiatric illness. 1. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.
153. Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S.R., Laird, A.R., Thelen, S.M., Sahakian, B.J., and Bullmore, E.T. (2008a). Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: the orbitofronto-striatal model revisited. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32, 525-549.
154. Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S.R., Laird, A.R., Thelen, S.M., Sahakian, B.J., and Bullmore, E.T. (2008b). Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: The orbitofronto-striatal model revisited. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 32, 525-549.
155. Mercadante, M.T., Rosario-Campos, M.C., Quarantini, L.C., and Sato, F.P. (2004). [The neurobiological bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 80, S35-44.
156. Mesulam, M.M., and Mufson, E.J. (1982). Insula of the old world monkey. III: Efferent cortical output and comments on function. J Comp Neurol 212, 38-52.
157. Middleton, F., and Strick, P. (2001a). A revised neuroanatomy of frontal-subcortical circuits, in Frontal-subcortical circuits in psychiatric and neurological disorders, ed. D. Lichter, Cummings, Jl.,. (New York: Guilford Press).
158. Middleton, F., and Strick, P. (2001b). A revised neuroanatomy of frontal-subcortical circuits. In: Lichter, DG.; Cummings, JL., editors. Frontal-subcortical circuits in psychiatric and neurological disorders. New York: Guilford Press.
159. Milad, M.R., and Rauch, S.L. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated corticostriatal pathways. Trends Cogn Sci 16, 43-51.
160. Miltner, W.H., Lemke, U., Weiss, T., Holroyd, C., Scheffers, M.K., and Coles, M.G. (2003). Implementation of error-processing in the human anterior cingulate cortex: a source analysis of the magnetic equivalent of the error-related negativity. Biol Psychol 64, 157-166.
161. Miller, L.A., Taber, K.H., Gabbard, G.O., and Hurley, R.A. (2005). Neural underpinnings of fear and its modulation: implications for anxiety disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 17, 1-6.
162. Milliery, M., Bouvard, M., Aupetit, J., and Cottraux, J. (2000). Sustained attention in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. Psychiatry Res 96, 199-209.
163. Molina, V., Montz, R., Perez-Castejon, M.J., Martin-Loeches, M., Carreras, J.L., Calcedo, A., and Rubia, F.J. (1995). Cerebral perfusion, electrical activity and effects of serotonergic treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A preliminary study. Neuropsychobiology 32, 139-148.
164. Morein-Zamir, S., Craig, K.J., Ersche, K.D., Abbott, S., Muller, U., Fineberg, N.A., Bullmore, E.T., Sahakian, B.J., and Robbins, T.W. (2010). Impaired visuospatial associative memory and attention in obsessive compulsive disorder but no evidence for differential dopaminergic modulation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 212, 357-367.
165. Moritz, S., Birkner, C., Kloss, M., Jacobsen, D., Fricke, S., Bothern, A., and Hand, I. (2001a). Impact of comorbid depressive symptoms on neuropsychological performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 110, 653-657.
166. Moritz, S., Birkner, C., Kloss, M., Jahn, H., Hand, I., Haasen, C., and Krausz, M. (2002). Executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, and schizophrenia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 17, 477-483.
167. Moritz, S., Fricke, S., Wagner, M., and Hand, I. (2001b). Further evidence for delayed alternation deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 189, 562-564.
168. Nagahama, Y., Fukuyama, H., Yamauchi, H., Matsuzaki, S., Konishi, J., Shibasaki, H., and Kimura, J. (1996). Cerebral activation during performance of a card sorting test. Brain 119 (Pt 5), 1667-1675.
169. Nakao, T., Nakagawa, A., Yoshiura, T., Nakatani, E., Nabeyama, M., Yoshizato, C., Kudoh, A., Tada, K., Yoshioka, K., Kawamoto, M., Togao, O., and Kanba, S. (2005). Brain activation of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during neuropsychological and symptom provocation tasks before and after symptom improvement: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 57, 901-910.
170. Nestadt, G., Bienvenu, O.J., Cai, G., Samuels, J., and Eaton, W.W. (1998). Incidence of obsessivecompulsive disorder in adults. J Nerv Ment Dis 186, 401-406.
171. Nielen, M.M., and Den Boer, J.A. (2003). Neuropsychological performance of OCD patients before and after treatment with fluoxetine: evidence for persistent cognitive deficits. Psychol Med 33, 917-925.
172. Nieuwenhuis, S., Nielen, M.M., Mol, N., Hajcak, G., and Veltman, D.J. (2005). Performance monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 134, 111-122.
173. Nieuwenhuis, S., Yeung, N., Van Den Wildenberg, W., and Ridderinkhof, K.R. (2003). Electrophysiological correlates of anterior cingulate function in a go/no-go task: effects of response conflict and trial type frequency. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 3, 17-26.
174. Okasha, A., Rafaat, M., Mahallawy, N., El Nahas, G., El Dawla, A.S., Sayed, M., and El Kholi, S. (2000). Cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 101, 281-285.
175. Olvet, D.M., and Hajcak, G. (2008). The error-related negativity (ERN) and psychopathology: toward an endophenotype. Clin Psychol Rev 28, 1343-1354.
176. Ongur, D., and Price, J.L. (2000). The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans. Cereb Cortex 10, 206-219.
177. Papageorgiou, C.C., and Rabavilas, A.D. (2003). Abnormal P600 in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 119, 133-143.
178. Perani, D., Colombo, C., Bressi, S., Bonfanti, A., Grassi, F., Scarone, S., Bellodi, L., Smeraldi, E., and Fazio, F. (1995). [18F]FDG PET study in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A clinical/metabolic correlation study after treatment. Br J Psychiatry 166, 244-250.
179. Peterburs, J., Pergola, G., Koch, B., Schwarz, M., Hoffmann, K.P., Daum, I., and Bellebaum, C. (2011). Altered error processing following vascular thalamic damage: evidence from an antisaccade task. PLoS ONE 6, e21517.
180. Pfefferbaum, A., Ford, J.M., Weller, B.J., and Kopell, B.S. (1985). ERPs to response production and inhibition. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 60, 423-434.
181. Phelps, E.A., and Ledoux, J.E. (2005). Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior. Neuron 48, 175-187.
182. Phillips, K.A., Stein, D.J., Rauch, S.L., Hollander, E., Fallon, B.A., Barsky, A., Fineberg, N., Mataix-Cols, D., Ferrao, Y.A., Saxena, S., Wilhelm, S., Kelly, M.M., Clark, L.A., Pinto, A., Bienvenu, O.J., Farrow, J., and Leckman, J. (2010). Should an obsessive-compulsive spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM-V? Depress Anxiety 27, 528-555.
183. Phillips, M.L., Drevets, W.C., Rauch, S.L., and Lane, R. (2003). Neurobiology of emotion perception I: The neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biol Psychiatry 54, 504-514.
184. Picton, T.W., Bentin, S., Berg, P., Donchin, E., Hillyard, S.A., Johnson, R., Jr., Miller, G.A., Ritter, W., Ruchkin, D.S., Rugg, M.D., and Taylor, M.J. (2000). Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology 37, 127-152.
185. Posner, M.I., and Petersen, S.E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 13, 25-42.
186. Proverbio, A.M., Crotti, N., Zani, A., and Adorni, R. (2009). The role of left and right hemispheres in the comprehension of idiomatic language: an electrical neuroimaging study. BMC Neurosci 10, 116.
187. Pujol, J., Soriano-Mas, C., Alonso, P., Cardoner, N., Menchon, J.M., Deus, J., and Vallejo, J. (2004). Mapping structural brain alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61, 720-730.
188. Purcell, R., Maruff, P., Kyrios, M., and Pantelis, C. (1998). Neuropsychological deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparison with unipolar depression, panic disorder, and normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55, 415-423.
189. Rauch, S.L., Shin, L.M., and Wright, C.I. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 985, 389-410.
190. Remijnse, P.L., Nielen, M.M., Van Balkom, A.J., Cath, D.C., Van Oppen, P., Uylings, H.B., and Veltman, D.J. (2006). Reduced orbitofrontal-striatal activity on a reversal learning task in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63, 1225-1236.
191. Riba, J., Rodriguez-Fornells, A., Morte, A., Munte, T.F., and Barbanoj, M.J. (2005a). Noradrenergic stimulation enhances human action monitoring. J Neurosci 25, 4370-4374.
192. Riba, J., Rodriguez-Fornells, A., Munte, T.F., and Barbanoj, M.J. (2005b). A neurophysiological study of the detrimental effects of alprazolam on human action monitoring. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 25, 554-565.
193. Ridderinkhof, K.R., De Vlugt, Y., Bramlage, A., Spaan, M., Elton, M., Snel, J., and Band, G.P. (2002). Alcohol consumption impairs detection of performance errors in mediofrontal cortex. Science 298, 2209-2211.
194. Rieger, M., Gauggel, S., and Burmeister, K. (2003). Inhibition of ongoing responses following frontal, nonfrontal, and basal ganglia lesions. Neuropsychology 17, 272-282.
195. Riesel, A., Endrass, T., Kaufmann, C., and Kathmann, N. (2011). Overactive error-related brain activity as a candidate endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from unaffected first-degree relatives. Am J Psychiatry 168, 317-324.
196. Robbins, T.W., Gillan, C.M., Smith, D.G., De Wit, S., and Ersche, K.D. (2012). Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity: towards dimensional psychiatry. Trends Cogn Sci 16, 81-91.
197. Roberts, A.C., Tomic, D.L., Parkinson, C.H., Roeling, T.A., Cutter, D.J., Robbins, T.W., and Everitt, B.J. (2007). Forebrain connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus): an anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing study. J Comp Neurol 502, 86-112.
198. Rollnik, J.D., Schroder, C., Rodriguez-Fornells, A., Kurzbuch, A.R., Dauper, J., Moller, J., and Munte, T.F. (2004). Functional lesions and human action monitoring: combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and event-related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 115, 145-153.
199. Rolls, E. (1999). The brain and emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
200. Romanski, L.M., Giguere, M., Bates, J.F., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. (1997). Topographic organization of medial pulvinar connections with the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 379, 313-332.
201. Rubia, K., Russell, T., Overmeyer, S., Brammer, M.J., Bullmore, E.T., Sharma, T., Simmons, A., Williams, S.C., Giampietro, V., Andrew, C.M., and Taylor, E. (2001). Mapping motor inhibition: conjunctive brain activations across different versions of go/no-go and stop tasks. Neuroimage 13, 250-261.
202. Salkovskis, P.M. (1999). Understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther 37 Suppl 1, S29-52.
203. San Martin, R., Manes, F., Hurtado, E., Isla, P., and Ibanez, A. (2010). Size and probability of rewards modulate the feedback error-related negativity associated with wins but not losses in a monetarily rewarded gambling task. Neuroimage 51, 1194-1204.
204. Santesso, D.L., Segalowitz, S.J., and Schmidt, L.A. (2006). Error-related electrocortical responses are enhanced in children with obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Dev Neuropsychol 29, 431-445.
205. Sasson, Y., Zohar, J., Chopra, M., Lustig, M., Iancu, I., and Hendler, T. (1997). Epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a world view. J Clin Psychiatry 58 Suppl 12, 7-10.
206. Savage, C.R., Baer, L., Keuthen, N.J., Brown, H.D., Rauch, S.L., and Jenike, M.A. (1999). Organizational strategies mediate nonverbal memory impairment in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 45, 905-916.
207. Savage, C.R., Keuthen, N.J., Jenike, M.A., Brown, H.D., Baer, L., Kendrick, A.D., Miguel, E.C., Rauch, S.L., and Albert, M.S. (1996). Recall and recognition memory in obsessivecompulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 8, 99-103.
208. Savage, C.R., and Rauch, S.L. (2000). Cognitive deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 157, 1182-1183.
209. Saxena, S., Bota, R.G., and Brody, A.L. (2001). Brain-behavior relationships in obsessive compulsive disorder. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 6, 82-101.
210. Saxena, S., Brody, A.L., Schwartz, J.M., and Baxter, L.R. (1998). Neuroimaging and frontalsubcortical circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry Suppl, 26-37.
211. Scheffers, M.K., Coles, M.G., Bernstein, P., Gehring, W.J., and Donchin, E. (1996). Event-related brain potentials and error-related processing: an analysis of incorrect responses to go and no-go stimuli. Psychophysiology 33, 42-53.
212. Shagass, C., Josiassen, R.C., and Roemer, R.A. (1988). Psychiatric diagnostic differentiations by evoked potential measures: Results of a second series. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior, 13, 43-75.
213. Shagass, C., Roemer, R.A., Straumanis, J.J., and Josiassen, R.C. (1984). Distinctive somatosensory evoked potential features in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 19, 1507-1524.
214. Shagass, C., Roemer, R.A., Straumanis, J.J., and Josiassen, R.C. (1984b). Evoked potentials inobsessive-compulsive disorder. Advances in Biological Psychiatry 15, 69-75.
215. Shapira, N.A., Liu, Y., He, A.G., Bradley, M.M., Lessig, M.C., James, G.A., Stein, D.J., Lang, P.J., and Goodman, W.K. (2003). Brain activation by disgust-inducing pictures in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 54, 751-756.
216. Shin, Y.W., Yoo, S.Y., Lee, J.K., Ha, T.H., Lee, K.J., Lee, J.M., Kim, I.Y., Kim, S.I., and Kwon, J.S. (2007). Cortical thinning in obsessive compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 28, 1128-1135.
217. Simon, D., Kaufmann, C., Musch, K., Kischkel, E., and Kathmann, N. (2010). Fronto-striato-limbic hyperactivation in obsessive-compulsive disorder during individually tailored symptom provocation. Psychophysiology 47, 728-738.
218. Spitznagel, M.B., and Suhr, J.A. (2002). Executive function deficits associated with symptoms of schizotypy and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 110, 151-163.
219. Stemmer, B., Segalowitz, S.J., Witzke, W., and Schonle, P.W. (2004). Error detection in patients with lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex: an ERP study. Neuropsychologia 42, 118-130.
220. Swedo, S.E., Schapiro, M.B., Grady, C.L., Cheslow, D.L., Leonard, H.L., Kumar, A., Friedland, R., Rapoport, S.I., and Rapoport, J.L. (1989). Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhoodonset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46, 518-523.
221. Szeszko, P.R., Robinson, D., Alvir, J.M., Bilder, R.M., Lencz, T., Ashtari, M., Wu, H., and Bogerts, B. (1999). Orbital frontal and amygdala volume reductions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56, 913-919.
222. Tallis, F. (1997a). The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review and consideration of clinical implications. Br J Clin Psychol 36 (Pt 1), 3-20.
223. Tallis, F. (1997b). The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review and consideration of clinical implications. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 36.
224. Taylor, S. (2011). Early versus late onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for distinct subtypes. Clin Psychol Rev 31, 1083-1100.
225. Taylor, S.F., and Liberzon, I. (2007). Neural correlates of emotion regulation in psychopathology. Trends Cogn Sci 11, 413-418.
226. Taylor, S.F., Stern, E.R., and Gehring, W.J. (2007). Neural systems for error monitoring: recent findings and theoretical perspectives. Neuroscientist 13, 160-172.
227. Towey, J., Bruder, G., Hollander, E., Friedman, D., Erhan, H., Liebowitz, M., and Sutton, S. (1990). Endogenous event-related potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 28, 92-98.
228. Towey, J., Bruder, G., Tenke, C., Leite, P., Decaria, C., Friedman, D., and Hollander, E. (1993). Event-related potential and clinical correlates of neurodysfunction in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 49, 167-181.
229. Tremblay, L., and Schultz, W. (1999). Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex. Nature 398, 704-708.
230. Tremblay, L., and Schultz, W. (2000). Reward-related neuronal activity during go-nogo task performance in primate orbitofrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 83, 1864-1876.
231. Ursu, S., Stenger, V.A., Shear, M.K., Jones, M.R., and Carter, C.S. (2003). Overactive action monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psychol Sci 14, 347-353.
232. Valente, A.A., Jr., Miguel, E.C., Castro, C.C., Amaro, E., Jr., Duran, F.L., Buchpiguel, C.A., Chitnis, X., Mcguire, P.K., and Busatto, G.F. (2005). Regional gray matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study. Biol Psychiatry 58, 479-487.
233. Van Den Heuvel, O.A., Veltman, D.J., Groenewegen, H.J., Cath, D.C., Van Balkom, A.J., Van Hartskamp, J., Barkhof, F., and Van Dyck, R. (2005). Frontal-striatal dysfunction during planning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62, 301-309.
234. Van Der Wee, N.J., Ramsey, N.F., Jansma, J.M., Denys, D.A., Van Megen, H.J., Westenberg, H.M., and Kahn, R.S. (2003). Spatial working memory deficits in obsessive compulsive disorder are associated with excessive engagement of the medial frontal cortex. Neuroimage 20, 2271-2280.
235. Van Veen, V., and Carter, C.S. (2002a). The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies. Physiol Behav 77, 477-482.
236. Van Veen, V., and Carter, C.S. (2002b). The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies. Physiology & Behavior, 477-482.
237. Van Veen, V., and Carter, C.S. (2002c). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 14, 593-602.
238. Van Veen, V., and Carter, C.S. (2006). Error detection, correction, and prevention in the brain: a brief review of data and theories. Clin EEG Neurosci 37, 330-335.
239. Veale, D.M., Sahakian, B.J., Owen, A.M., and Marks, I.M. (1996). Specific cognitive deficits in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 26, 1261-1269.
240. Viard, A., Flament, M.F., Artiges, E., Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Cohen, D., Mazet, P., Mouren, M.C., and Martinot, J.L. (2005). Cognitive control in childhood-onset obsessivecompulsive disorder: a functional MRI study. Psychol Med 35, 1007-1017.
241. Wang, Y., Kong, J., Tang, X., Zhuang, D., and Li, S. (2000). Event-related potential N270 is elicited by mental conflict processing in human brain. Neurosci Lett 293, 17-20.
242. Williams-Gray, C.H., Hampshire, A., Robbins, T.W., Owen, A.M., and Barker, R.A. (2007). Catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype influences frontoparietal activity during planning in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 27, 4832-4838.
243. Yeung, N., Botvinick, M.M., and Cohen, J.D. (2004). The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity. Psychol Rev 111, 931-959.
244. Yoo, S.Y., Roh, M.S., Choi, J.S., Kang, D.H., Ha, T.H., Lee, J.M., Kim, I.Y., Kim, S.I., and Kwon, J.S. (2008). Voxel-based morphometry study of gray matter abnormalities in obsessivecompulsive disorder. J Korean Med Sci 23, 24-30.
245. Zald, D.H., Curtis, C., Folley, B.S., and Pardo, J.V. (2002). Prefrontal contributions to delayed spatial and object alternation: a positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychology 16, 182-189.
246. Zald, D.H., and Kim, S.W. (1996). Anatomy and function of the orbital frontal cortex, II: Function and relevance to obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 8, 249-261.
247. Zielinski, C.M., Taylor, M.A., and Juzwin, K.R. (1991). Neuropsychological deficits in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, 110-116.
248. Zirnheld, P.J., Carroll, C.A., Kieffaber, P.D., O'donnell, B.F., Shekhar, A., and Hetrick, W.P. (2004). Haloperidol impairs learning and error-related negativity in humans. J Cogn Neurosci 16, 1098-1112.