메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-6

Neural underpinnings of fear and its modulation: Implications for anxiety disorders

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN MAPPING; BRAIN REGION; CINGULATE GYRUS; EMOTION; FEAR; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGING SYSTEM; NERVE PROJECTION; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHIATRY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIAL PHOBIA; TASK PERFORMANCE; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

EID: 14144254798     PISSN: 08950172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/jnp.17.1.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0041669467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing the invisible: Differential sensitivity of visual cortex and amygdala to traumatic content
    • Hendler T, Rotshtein P, Yeshurun Y, et al: Sensing the invisible: differential sensitivity of visual cortex and amygdala to traumatic content. Neuroimage 2003; 19:587-600
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.19 , pp. 587-600
    • Hendler, T.1    Rotshtein, P.2    Yeshurun, Y.3
  • 2
    • 0031964495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge
    • Whalen PJ, Rauch SL, Etcoff NL, et al: Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. J Neurosci 1998; 18:411-418
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 411-418
    • Whalen, P.J.1    Rauch, S.L.2    Etcoff, N.L.3
  • 3
    • 1642574389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: An event-related fMRI study
    • Nomura M, Ohira H, Haneda K, et al: Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 2004; 21:352-363
    • (2004) Neuroimage , vol.21 , pp. 352-363
    • Nomura, M.1    Ohira, H.2    Haneda, K.3
  • 4
    • 0034677009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating emotional responses: Effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system
    • Hariri AR, Bookheimer SY, Mazziotta JC: Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport 2000; 11:43-48
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 43-48
    • Hariri, A.R.1    Bookheimer, S.Y.2    Mazziotta, J.C.3
  • 5
    • 0037443961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli
    • Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, et al: Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53:494-501
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 494-501
    • Hariri, A.R.1    Mattay, V.S.2    Tessitore, A.3
  • 6
    • 0036249434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive-behavioral therapy
    • Furmark T, Tillfors M, Marteinsdottir I, et al: Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive-behavioral therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59:425-433
    • (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 425-433
    • Furmark, T.1    Tillfors, M.2    Marteinsdottir, I.3
  • 9
    • 0034076609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion circuits in the brain
    • LeDoux JE: Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2000; 23:155-184
    • (2000) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 155-184
    • LeDoux, J.E.1
  • 11
    • 0035312354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of social cognition
    • Adolphs R: The neurobiology of social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001; 11:231-239
    • (2001) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.11 , pp. 231-239
    • Adolphs, R.1
  • 12
    • 0037274216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the basolateral amygdala in memory consolidation
    • McIntyre CK, Power AE, Roozendaal B, et al: Role of the basolateral amygdala in memory consolidation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:273-293
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 273-293
    • McIntyre, C.K.1    Power, A.E.2    Roozendaal, B.3
  • 13
    • 0036153246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and affective style: Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala
    • Davidson RJ: Anxiety and affective style: Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:68-80
    • (2002) Biol Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 68-80
    • Davidson, R.J.1
  • 14
  • 15
    • 8344247709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal signalling of fear memory
    • Maren S, Quirk GJ: Neuronal signalling of fear memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004; 5:844-852
    • (2004) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 844-852
    • Maren, S.1    Quirk, G.J.2
  • 16
    • 0034927082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning
    • Maren S: Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Annu Rev Neurosci 2001; 24:897-931
    • (2001) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 897-931
    • Maren, S.1
  • 17
    • 0037276640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the amygdala: Key to pathological states?
    • Quirk GJ, Gehlert DR: Inhibition of the amygdala: Key to pathological states? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:263-272
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 263-272
    • Quirk, G.J.1    Gehlert, D.R.2
  • 18
    • 0037276603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes and mechanisms in the amygdala involved in the formation of fear memory
    • Pape HC, Stork O: Genes and mechanisms in the amygdala involved in the formation of fear memory. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:92-105
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 92-105
    • Pape, H.C.1    Stork, O.2
  • 19
    • 0141517336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomic circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors
    • Charney DS: Neuroanatomic circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 108:38-50
    • (2003) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.108 , pp. 38-50
    • Charney, D.S.1
  • 20
    • 2442514365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in remote contextual fear memory
    • Frankland PW, Bontempi B, Talton LE, et al: The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in remote contextual fear memory. Science 2004; 304:881-883
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 881-883
    • Frankland, P.W.1    Bontempi, B.2    Talton, L.E.3
  • 21
    • 2442669290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroscience. Zif and the survival of memory
    • Izquierdo I, Cammarota M: Neuroscience. Zif and the survival of memory. Science 2004; 304:829-830
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 829-830
    • Izquierdo, I.1    Cammarota, M.2
  • 22
    • 4644296720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional perseveration: An update on prefrontal-amygdala interactions in fear extinction
    • Sotres-Bayon F, Bush DEA, LeDoux JE: Emotional perseveration: An update on prefrontal-amygdala interactions in fear extinction. Learn Mem 2004; 11:525-535
    • (2004) Learn Mem , vol.11 , pp. 525-535
    • Sotres-Bayon, F.1    Bush, D.E.A.2    LeDoux, J.E.3
  • 23
    • 0037303882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory traces unbound
    • Nader K: Memory traces unbound. Trends Neurosci 2003; 26:65-72
    • (2003) Trends Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 65-72
    • Nader, K.1
  • 24
    • 2442507983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent cellular processes for hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation
    • Lee JL, Everitt BJ, Thomas KL: Independent cellular processes for hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Science 2004; 304:839-843
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 839-843
    • Lee, J.L.1    Everitt, B.J.2    Thomas, K.L.3
  • 25
    • 7044240876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of fear memory reconsolidation
    • Duvarci S, Nader K: Characterization of fear memory reconsolidation. J Neurosci 2004; 24:9269-9275
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 9269-9275
    • Duvarci, S.1    Nader, K.2
  • 26
    • 4644334535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context and behavioral processes in extinction
    • Bouton ME: Context and behavioral processes in extinction. Learn Mem 2004; 11:485-494
    • (2004) Learn Mem , vol.11 , pp. 485-494
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 27
    • 17344384032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: A mixed-trial fMRI study
    • LaBar KS, Gatenby JC, Gore JC, et al: Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: A mixed-trial fMRI study. Neuron 1998; 20:937-945
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.20 , pp. 937-945
    • LaBar, K.S.1    Gatenby, J.C.2    Gore, J.C.3
  • 28
    • 1942510681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable amygdala and orbitofrontal responses during reversal fear conditioning
    • Morris JS, Dolan RJ: Dissociable amygdala and orbitofrontal responses during reversal fear conditioning. Neuroimage 2004; 22:372-380
    • (2004) Neuroimage , vol.22 , pp. 372-380
    • Morris, J.S.1    Dolan, R.J.2
  • 29
    • 4544292021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction learning in humans: Role of the amygdala and vmPFC
    • Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI, et al: Extinction learning in humans: Role of the amygdala and vmPFC. Neuron 2004; 43:897-905
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.43 , pp. 897-905
    • Phelps, E.A.1    Delgado, M.R.2    Nearing, K.I.3
  • 30
    • 1642545480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascending visceral regulation of cortical affective information processing
    • Berntson GG, Sarter M, Cacioppo JT: Ascending visceral regulation of cortical affective information processing. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 18:2103-2109
    • (2003) Eur J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 2103-2109
    • Berntson, G.G.1    Sarter, M.2    Cacioppo, J.T.3
  • 31
    • 0033576740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-conscious recognition of affect in the absence of striate cortex
    • de Gelder B, Vroomen J, Pourtois G, et al: Non-conscious recognition of affect in the absence of striate cortex. Neuroreport 1999; 10:3759-3763
    • (1999) Neuroreport , vol.10 , pp. 3759-3763
    • De Gelder, B.1    Vroomen, J.2    Pourtois, G.3
  • 32
    • 0034991095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential extrageniculate and amygdala responses to presentation of emotional faces in a cortically blind field
    • Morris JS, de Gelder B, Weiskrantz L, et al: Differential extrageniculate and amygdala responses to presentation of emotional faces in a cortically blind field. Brain 2001; 124:1241-1252
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 1241-1252
    • Morris, J.S.1    De Gelder, B.2    Weiskrantz, L.3
  • 33
    • 0033573918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating unseen fear
    • Morris JS, Ohman A, Dolan RJ: A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating unseen fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:1680-1685
    • Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 1680-1685
    • Morris, J.S.1    Ohman, A.2    Dolan, R.J.3
  • 34
    • 1442311051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconscious perception of non-threatening facial emotion in parietal extinction
    • Williams MA, Mattingley JB: Unconscious perception of non-threatening facial emotion in parietal extinction. Exp Brain Res 2004; 154:403-406
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.154 , pp. 403-406
    • Williams, M.A.1    Mattingley, J.B.2
  • 35
    • 0034978286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel neural responses in amygdala subregions and sensory cortex during implicit fear conditioning
    • Morris JS, Buchel C, Dolan RJ: Parallel neural responses in amygdala subregions and sensory cortex during implicit fear conditioning. Neuroimage 2001; 13:1044-1052
    • (2001) Neuroimage , vol.13 , pp. 1044-1052
    • Morris, J.S.1    Buchel, C.2    Dolan, R.J.3
  • 36
    • 0034968157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study
    • Vuilleumier P, Armony JL, Driver J, et al: Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study. Neuron 2001; 30:829-841
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 829-841
    • Vuilleumier, P.1    Armony, J.L.2    Driver, J.3
  • 37
    • 0038722136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals
    • Anderson AK, Christoff K, Panitz D, et al: Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. J Neurosci 2003; 23:5627-5633
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 5627-5633
    • Anderson, A.K.1    Christoff, K.2    Panitz, D.3
  • 39
    • 0037279181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amygdala automaticity in emotional processing
    • Dolan RJ, Vuilleumier P: Amygdala automaticity in emotional processing. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:348-355
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 348-355
    • Dolan, R.J.1    Vuilleumier, P.2
  • 40
    • 0036841902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia
    • Stein MB, Goldin PR, Sareen J, et al: Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59:1027-1034
    • (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Stein, M.B.1    Goldin, P.R.2    Sareen, J.3
  • 42
    • 0348156121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irrational wanting and subrational liking: How rudimentary motivational and affective processes shape preferences and choices
    • Winkielman P, Berridge K: Irrational wanting and subrational liking: How rudimentary motivational and affective processes shape preferences and choices. Political Psychol 2003; 24:657-680
    • (2003) Political Psychol , vol.24 , pp. 657-680
    • Winkielman, P.1    Berridge, K.2
  • 45
    • 12244253728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task instructions modulate neural responses to fearful facial expressions
    • Lange K, Williams LM, Young AW, et al: Task instructions modulate neural responses to fearful facial expressions. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53:226-232
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 226-232
    • Lange, K.1    Williams, L.M.2    Young, A.W.3
  • 46
    • 0037274175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain imaging studies in mood and anxiety disorders: Special emphasis on the amygdala
    • Anand A, Shekhar A: Brain imaging studies in mood and anxiety disorders: special emphasis on the amygdala. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:370-388
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 370-388
    • Anand, A.1    Shekhar, A.2
  • 47
    • 0037277598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders
    • Rauch SL, Shin LM, Wright CI: Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:389-410
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 389-410
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Shin, L.M.2    Wright, C.I.3
  • 48
    • 0037273172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the amygdala in fear extinction measured with potentiated startle
    • Davis M, Walker DL, Myers KM: Role of the amygdala in fear extinction measured with potentiated startle. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:218-232
    • (2003) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.985 , pp. 218-232
    • Davis, M.1    Walker, D.L.2    Myers, K.M.3
  • 49
    • 0037328427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change the mind and you change the brain: Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of spider phobia
    • Paquette V, Levesque J, Mensour B, et al: Change the mind and you change the brain: effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of spider phobia. Neuroimage 2003; 18:401-409
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.18 , pp. 401-409
    • Paquette, V.1    Levesque, J.2    Mensour, B.3
  • 50
    • 4644266537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of fear extinction by D-cycloserine: Theoretical and clinical implications
    • Richardson R, Ledgerwood L, Cranney J: Facilitation of fear extinction by D-cycloserine: Theoretical and clinical implications. Learn Mem 2004; 11:510-516
    • (2004) Learn Mem , vol.11 , pp. 510-516
    • Richardson, R.1    Ledgerwood, L.2    Cranney, J.3
  • 51
    • 4644355629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy
    • Ressler K, Rothbaum B, Tannenbaum L, et al: Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61:1136-1144
    • (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 1136-1144
    • Ressler, K.1    Rothbaum, B.2    Tannenbaum, L.3
  • 52
    • 0037135137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala
    • Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, et al: Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science 2002; 297:400-403
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 400-403
    • Hariri, A.R.1    Mattay, V.S.2    Tessitore, A.3
  • 53
    • 2442630196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin transporter polymorphism related to amygdala excitability and symptom severity in patients with social phobia
    • Furmark T, Tillfors M, Garpenstrand H, et al: Serotonin transporter polymorphism related to amygdala excitability and symptom severity in patients with social phobia. Neurosci Lett 2004; 362:189-192
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.362 , pp. 189-192
    • Furmark, T.1    Tillfors, M.2    Garpenstrand, H.3
  • 54
    • 0006463359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region
    • Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, et al: Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 1996; 274:1527-1531
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1527-1531
    • Lesch, K.P.1    Bengel, D.2    Heils, A.3
  • 55
    • 0034011879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association and linkage of anxiety-related traits with a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region in Israeli sibling pairs
    • Osher Y, Hamer D, Benjamin J: Association and linkage of anxiety-related traits with a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region in Israeli sibling pairs. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:216-219
    • (2000) Mol Psychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 216-219
    • Osher, Y.1    Hamer, D.2    Benjamin, J.3
  • 56
    • 0035028249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human fear conditioning is related to dopaminergic and serotonergic biological markers
    • Garpenstrand H, Annas P, Ekblom J, et al: Human fear conditioning is related to dopaminergic and serotonergic biological markers. Behav Neurosci 2001; 115:358-364
    • (2001) Behav Neurosci , vol.115 , pp. 358-364
    • Garpenstrand, H.1    Annas, P.2    Ekblom, J.3
  • 57
    • 0037624040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
    • Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, et al: Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003; 301:386-389
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 386-389
    • Caspi, A.1    Sugden, K.2    Moffitt, T.E.3
  • 58
    • 0038354635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A twin study of the genetics of fear conditioning
    • Hettema JM, Annas P, Neale MC, et al: A twin study of the genetics of fear conditioning. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:702-708
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 702-708
    • Hettema, J.M.1    Annas, P.2    Neale, M.C.3
  • 59
    • 0034893614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow in subjects with social phobia during stressful speaking tasks: A PET study
    • Tillfors M, Furmark T, Marteinsdottir I, et al: Cerebral blood flow in subjects with social phobia during stressful speaking tasks: A PET study. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:1220-1226
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 1220-1226
    • Tillfors, M.1    Furmark, T.2    Marteinsdottir, I.3
  • 60
    • 0037119169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans
    • Veit R, Flor H, Erb M, et al: Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans. Neurosci Lett 2002; 328:233-236
    • (2002) Neurosci Lett , vol.328 , pp. 233-236
    • Veit, R.1    Flor, H.2    Erb, M.3
  • 61
    • 0034193435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional MRI study
    • Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, et al: Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional MRI study. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:769-776
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 769-776
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Whalen, P.J.2    Shin, L.M.3
  • 62
    • 9144262943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medical prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD
    • Shin LM, Orr SP, Carson MA, et al: Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medical prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61:168-176
    • (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 168-176
    • Shin, L.M.1    Orr, S.P.2    Carson, M.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.