메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 308-314

Thinking bedside at the bench: The NOD mouse model of T1DM

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INSULIN;

EID: 84929965930     PISSN: 17595029     EISSN: 17595037     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.236     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (74)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 0023205953 scopus 로고
    • Treatment with anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies prevents induction of insulitis in mice given multiple doses of streptozocin
    • Herold, K. C., Montag, A. G & Fitch, F. W. Treatment with anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies prevents induction of insulitis in mice given multiple doses of streptozocin. Diabetes 36, 796-801 (1987).
    • (1987) Diabetes , vol.36 , pp. 796-801
    • Herold, K.C.1    Montag, A.G.2    Fitch, F.W.3
  • 2
    • 0017179001 scopus 로고
    • Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic insulitis: New model of diabetes mellitus
    • Like, A. A. & Rossini, A. A. Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic insulitis: new model of diabetes mellitus. Science 193, 415-417 (1976).
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 415-417
    • Like, A.A.1    Rossini, A.A.2
  • 3
    • 0018565284 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous diabetes mellitus: Reversal and prevention in the BB/W rat with antiserum to rat lymphocytes
    • Like, A. A., Rossini, A. A., Guberski, D. L., Appel, M. C. & Williams, R. M. Spontaneous diabetes mellitus: reversal and prevention in the BB/W rat with antiserum to rat lymphocytes. Science 206, 1421-1423 (1979).
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 1421-1423
    • Like, A.A.1    Rossini, A.A.2    Guberski, D.L.3    Appel, M.C.4    Williams, R.M.5
  • 4
    • 23844525846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of interventions in the NOD mouse and implications for translation
    • Shoda, L. K. et al. A comprehensive review of interventions in the NOD mouse and implications for translation. Immunity 23, 115-126 (2005).
    • (2005) Immunity , vol.23 , pp. 115-126
    • Shoda, L.K.1
  • 5
    • 27144475336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes genes and pathways shared by humans and NOD mice
    • Wicker, L. S. et al. Type 1 diabetes genes and pathways shared by humans and NOD mice. J. Autoimmun. 25 (Suppl.), 29-33 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Autoimmun. , vol.25 , pp. 29-33
    • Wicker, L.S.1
  • 6
    • 34249032122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are insights gained from NOD mice sufficient to guide clinical translation Another inconvenient truth
    • Roep, B. O. Are insights gained from NOD mice sufficient to guide clinical translation Another inconvenient truth. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1103, 1-10 (2007).
    • (2007) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.1103 , pp. 1-10
    • Roep, B.O.1
  • 7
    • 78049423506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
    • Chaparro, R. J. & Dilorenzo, T. P. An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (type 1) diabetes. Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. 6, 939-955 (2010).
    • (2010) Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 939-955
    • Chaparro, R.J.1    Dilorenzo, T.P.2
  • 9
    • 79251621206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse models for the study of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: A NOD to similarities and differences to human disease
    • Driver, J. P., Serreze, D. V. & Chen, Y. G. Mouse models for the study of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: a NOD to similarities and differences to human disease. Semin. Immunopathol. 33, 67-87 (2011).
    • (2011) Semin. Immunopathol. , vol.33 , pp. 67-87
    • Driver, J.P.1    Serreze, D.V.2    Chen, Y.G.3
  • 10
    • 78751662679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes: Etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies
    • van Belle, T. L., Coppieters, K. T. & von Herrath, M. G. Type 1 diabetes: etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies. Physiol. Rev. 91, 79-118 (2011).
    • (2011) Physiol. Rev. , vol.91 , pp. 79-118
    • Van Belle, T.L.1    Coppieters, K.T.2    Von Herrath, M.G.3
  • 11
    • 84879532718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genetics: Synergizing human and NOD mouse studies for identifying genetic causation of type 1 diabetes
    • Driver, J. P., Chen, Y. G. & Mathews, C. E. Comparative genetics: synergizing human and NOD mouse studies for identifying genetic causation of type 1 diabetes. Rev. Diabet. Stud. 9, 169-187 (2012).
    • (2012) Rev. Diabet. Stud. , vol.9 , pp. 169-187
    • Driver, J.P.1    Chen, Y.G.2    Mathews, C.E.3
  • 12
    • 84860845827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of animal models in diabetes research
    • King, A. J. The use of animal models in diabetes research. Br. J. Pharmacol. 166, 877-894 (2012).
    • (2012) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.166 , pp. 877-894
    • King, A.J.1
  • 13
    • 84930791607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: A comparison between patients and animal models
    • In't Veld, P. Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models. Semin. Immunopathol. 36, 569-579 (2014).
    • (2014) Semin. Immunopathol. , vol.36 , pp. 569-579
    • In'T Veld, P.1
  • 14
    • 84885080249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes: Lessons from the NOD mouse
    • Jayasimhan, A., Mansour, K. P. & Slattery, R. M. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes: lessons from the NOD mouse. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 126, 1-18 (2014).
    • (2014) Clin. Sci. (Lond.) , vol.126 , pp. 1-18
    • Jayasimhan, A.1    Mansour, K.P.2    Slattery, R.M.3
  • 15
    • 0018841766 scopus 로고
    • Breeding of a non-obese, diabetic strain of mice
    • Makino, S. et al. Breeding of a non-obese, diabetic strain of mice. Jikken Dobutsu 29, 1-13 (1980).
    • (1980) Jikken Dobutsu , vol.29 , pp. 1-13
    • Makino, S.1
  • 16
    • 0021929456 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and immunological effects of cyclosporin in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Assan, R. et al. Metabolic and immunological effects of cyclosporin in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1, 67-71 (1985).
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 67-71
    • Assan, R.1
  • 17
    • 0025049497 scopus 로고
    • Limited duration of remission of insulin dependency in children with recent overt type i diabetes treated with low-dose cyclosporin
    • Bougnères, P. F. et al. Limited duration of remission of insulin dependency in children with recent overt type I diabetes treated with low-dose cyclosporin. Diabetes 39, 1264-1272 (1990).
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , pp. 1264-1272
    • Bougnères, P.F.1
  • 18
    • 0026629806 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A treatment of young children with newly-diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Jenner, M., Bradish, G., Stiller, C. & Atkison, P. Cyclosporin A treatment of young children with newly-diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. London Diabetes Study Group. Diabetologia 35, 884-888 (1992).
    • (1992) London Diabetes Study Group. Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 884-888
    • Jenner, M.1    Bradish, G.2    Stiller, C.3    Atkison, P.4
  • 19
    • 0022353991 scopus 로고
    • Increase in remission rate in newly diagnosed type i diabetic subjects treated with azathioprine
    • Harrison, L. C., Colman, P. G., Dean, B., Baxter, R. & Martin, F. I. Increase in remission rate in newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects treated with azathioprine. Diabetes 34, 1306-1308 (1985).
    • (1985) Diabetes , vol.34 , pp. 1306-1308
    • Harrison, L.C.1    Colman, P.G.2    Dean, B.3    Baxter, R.4    Martin, F.I.5
  • 20
    • 0024813410 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind controlled trial of azathioprine in children with newly diagnosed type i diabetes
    • Cook, J. J. et al. Double-blind controlled trial of azathioprine in children with newly diagnosed type I diabetes. Diabetes 38, 779-783 (1989).
    • (1989) Diabetes , vol.38 , pp. 779-783
    • Cook, J.J.1
  • 21
    • 0023735943 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Silverstein, J. et al. Immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 319, 599-604 (1988).
    • (1988) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.319 , pp. 599-604
    • Silverstein, J.1
  • 22
    • 0037198420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Herold, K. C. et al. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 1692-1698 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.346 , pp. 1692-1698
    • Herold, K.C.1
  • 23
    • 20044375937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT31(Ala-Ala) results in improvement in C-peptide responses and clinical parameters for at least 2 years after onset of type 1 diabetes
    • Herold, K. C. et al. A single course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT31(Ala-Ala) results in improvement in C-peptide responses and clinical parameters for at least 2 years after onset of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54, 1763-1769 (2005).
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1763-1769
    • Herold, K.C.1
  • 24
    • 84887052291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teplizumab (anti-CD3 mAb) treatment preserves C-peptide responses in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: Metabolic and immunologic features at baseline identify a subgroup of responders
    • Herold, K. C. et al. Teplizumab (anti-CD3 mAb) treatment preserves C-peptide responses in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: metabolic and immunologic features at baseline identify a subgroup of responders. Diabetes 62, 3766-3774 (2013).
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , pp. 3766-3774
    • Herold, K.C.1
  • 25
    • 70449480577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab B-lymphocyte depletion, and preservation of-cell function
    • Pescovitz, M. D. et al. Rituximab, B-lymphocyte depletion, and preservation of-cell function. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2143-2152 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.361 , pp. 2143-2152
    • Pescovitz, M.D.1
  • 26
    • 84887621720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting of memory T cells with alefacept in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DAL study): 12 month results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
    • Rigby, M. R. et al. Targeting of memory T cells with alefacept in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DAL study): 12 month results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 1, 284-294 (2013).
    • (2013) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. , vol.1 , pp. 284-294
    • Rigby, M.R.1
  • 27
    • 79960912796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Orban, T. et al. Co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 378, 412-419 (2011).
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 412-419
    • Orban, T.1
  • 28
    • 84897851090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: Follow-up 1 year after cessation of treatment
    • Orban, T. et al. Costimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: follow-up 1 year after cessation of treatment. Diabetes Care 37, 1069-1075 (2014).
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Orban, T.1
  • 29
    • 84865478468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin/IL-2 combination therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes augments Tregs yet transiently impairs-cell function
    • Long, S. A. et al. Rapamycin/IL-2 combination therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes augments Tregs yet transiently impairs-cell function. Diabetes 61, 2340-2348 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , pp. 2340-2348
    • Long, S.A.1
  • 30
    • 0025837184 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by oral administration of porcine insulin
    • Zhang, Z. J., Davidson, L., Eisenbarth, G. S. & Weiner, H. L. Suppression of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by oral administration of porcine insulin. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10252-10256 (1991).
    • (1991) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 10252-10256
    • Zhang, Z.J.1    Davidson, L.2    Eisenbarth, G.S.3    Weiner, H.L.4
  • 31
    • 0028861576 scopus 로고
    • Insulin immunization of nonobese diabetic mice induces a protective insulitis characterized by diminished intraislet interferon-transcription
    • Muir, A. et al. Insulin immunization of nonobese diabetic mice induces a protective insulitis characterized by diminished intraislet interferon-transcription. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 628-634 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.95 , pp. 628-634
    • Muir, A.1
  • 32
    • 16144361909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating autoimmune responses to GAD inhibits disease progression and prolongs islet graft survival in diabetes-prone mice
    • Tian, J. et al. Modulating autoimmune responses to GAD inhibits disease progression and prolongs islet graft survival in diabetes-prone mice. Nat. Med. 2, 1348-1353 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Tian, J.1
  • 33
    • 0031831753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of GAD65-specific regulatory T-cells inhibits ongoing autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice
    • Tisch, R., Liblau, R. S., Yang, X. D., Liblau, P. & McDevitt, H. O. Induction of GAD65-specific regulatory T-cells inhibits ongoing autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Diabetes 47, 894-899 (1998).
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 894-899
    • Tisch, R.1    Liblau, R.S.2    Yang, X.D.3    Liblau, P.4    McDevitt, H.O.5
  • 34
    • 84881374695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical and immunological significance of GAD-specific autoantibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes
    • Boettler, T. et al. The clinical and immunological significance of GAD-specific autoantibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes. J. Autoimmun. 44, 40-48 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Autoimmun. , vol.44 , pp. 40-48
    • Boettler, T.1
  • 35
    • 67650685905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor restores normoglycaemia in non-obese diabetic mice
    • Suarez-Pinzon, W. L., Cembrowski, G. S. & Rabinovitch, A. Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor restores normoglycaemia in non-obese diabetic mice. Diabetologia 52, 1680-1682 (2009).
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 1680-1682
    • Suarez-Pinzon, W.L.1    Cembrowski, G.S.2    Rabinovitch, A.3
  • 36
    • 0037106362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nondepleting anti-CD4 and soluble interleukin-1 receptor prevent autoimmune destruction of syngeneic islet grafts in diabetic NOD mice
    • Drage, M. et al. Nondepleting anti-CD4 and soluble interleukin-1 receptor prevent autoimmune destruction of syngeneic islet grafts in diabetic NOD mice. Transplantation 74, 611-619 (2002).
    • (2002) Transplantation , vol.74 , pp. 611-619
    • Drage, M.1
  • 37
    • 0027365946 scopus 로고
    • Treatment with an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein prolongs mouse islet allograft survival
    • Sandberg, J. O., Eizirik, D. L., Sandler, S., Tracey, D. E. & Andersson, A. Treatment with an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein prolongs mouse islet allograft survival. Diabetes 42, 1845-1851 (1993).
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1845-1851
    • Sandberg, J.O.1    Eizirik, D.L.2    Sandler, S.3    Tracey, D.E.4    Andersson, A.5
  • 38
    • 0030920680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibits recurrence of disease after syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation to spontaneously diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice
    • Sandberg, J. O., Eizirik, D. L. & Sandler, S. IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibits recurrence of disease after syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation to spontaneously diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 108, 314-317 (1997).
    • (1997) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.108 , pp. 314-317
    • Sandberg, J.O.1    Eizirik, D.L.2    Sandler, S.3
  • 39
    • 0041376742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of primary non-function of islet xenografts in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice by anti-inflammatory agents
    • Gysemans, C. et al. Prevention of primary non-function of islet xenografts in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice by anti-inflammatory agents. Diabetologia 46, 1115-1123 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , pp. 1115-1123
    • Gysemans, C.1
  • 40
    • 40749153195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine antithymocyte globulin therapy alters disease progression in NOD mice by a time-dependent induction of immunoregulation
    • Simon, G. et al. Murine antithymocyte globulin therapy alters disease progression in NOD mice by a time-dependent induction of immunoregulation. Diabetes 57, 405-414 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 405-414
    • Simon, G.1
  • 41
    • 0033846982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of oral insulin on residual-cell function in recent-onset type i diabetes (the IMDIAB VII)
    • Pozzilli, P. et al. No effect of oral insulin on residual-cell function in recent-onset type I diabetes (the IMDIAB VII). IMDIAB Group. Diabetologia 43, 1000-1004 (2000).
    • (2000) IMDIAB Group. Diabetologia , vol.43 , pp. 1000-1004
    • Pozzilli, P.1
  • 42
    • 0037198427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Diabetes Study Group
    • Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Diabetes Study Group. Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 1685-1691 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.346 , pp. 1685-1691
  • 43
    • 84856564903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Ludvigsson, J. et al. GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 366, 433-442 (2012).
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.366 , pp. 433-442
    • Ludvigsson, J.1
  • 44
    • 84908347082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with sitagliptin and lansoprazole in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (REPAIR-T1D): 12-month results of a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
    • Griffin, K. J., Thompson, P. A., Gottschalk, M., Kyllo, J. H. & Rabinovitch, A. Combination therapy with sitagliptin and lansoprazole in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (REPAIR-T1D): 12-month results of a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2, 710-718 (2014).
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 710-718
    • Griffin, K.J.1    Thompson, P.A.2    Gottschalk, M.3    Kyllo, J.H.4    Rabinovitch, A.5
  • 45
    • 80055084799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary studies related to anti-interleukin-1 therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
    • Sumpter, K. M., Adhikari, S., Grishman, E. K. & White, P. C. Preliminary studies related to anti-interleukin-1 therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Pediatr. Diabetes 12, 656-667 (2011).
    • (2011) Pediatr. Diabetes , vol.12 , pp. 656-667
    • Sumpter, K.M.1    Adhikari, S.2    Grishman, E.K.3    White, P.C.4
  • 46
    • 84878300647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: Two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
    • Moran, A. et al. Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 381, 1905-1915 (2013).
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 1905-1915
    • Moran, A.1
  • 47
    • 84887624109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithymocyte globulin treatment for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: 12-month results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
    • Gitelman, S. E. et al. Antithymocyte globulin treatment for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: 12-month results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 1, 306-316 (2013).
    • (2013) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. , vol.1 , pp. 306-316
    • Gitelman, S.E.1
  • 48
    • 0024457594 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal injection of CD3 antibody into nonobese diabetic mice reduces the incidence of insulitis and diabetes
    • Hayward, A. R. & Shreiber, M. Neonatal injection of CD3 antibody into nonobese diabetic mice reduces the incidence of insulitis and diabetes. J. Immunol. 143, 1555-1559 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.143 , pp. 1555-1559
    • Hayward, A.R.1    Shreiber, M.2
  • 49
    • 0026546211 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of autoimmune diabetes with nonactivating anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody
    • Herold, K. C. et al. Prevention of autoimmune diabetes with nonactivating anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Diabetes 41, 385-391 (1992).
    • (1992) Diabetes , vol.41 , pp. 385-391
    • Herold, K.C.1
  • 50
    • 0026580049 scopus 로고
    • Reduced incidence of insulitis in NOD mice following anti-CD3 injection: Requirement for neonatal injection
    • Hayward, A. R. & Shreiber, M. Reduced incidence of insulitis in NOD mice following anti-CD3 injection: requirement for neonatal injection. J. Autoimmun. 5, 59-67 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Autoimmun. , vol.5 , pp. 59-67
    • Hayward, A.R.1    Shreiber, M.2
  • 51
    • 0027958044 scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD3 antibody induces long-term remission of overt autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice
    • Chatenoud, L., Thervet, E., Primo, J. & Bach, J. F. Anti-CD3 antibody induces long-term remission of overt autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 123-127 (1994).
    • (1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 123-127
    • Chatenoud, L.1    Thervet, E.2    Primo, J.3    Bach, J.F.4
  • 52
    • 0031569177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD3 antibody-induced dominant self tolerance in overtly diabetic NOD mice
    • Chatenoud, L., Primo, J. & Bach, J. F. CD3 antibody-induced dominant self tolerance in overtly diabetic NOD mice. J. Immunol. 158, 2947-2954 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Immunol. , vol.158 , pp. 2947-2954
    • Chatenoud, L.1    Primo, J.2    Bach, J.F.3
  • 53
    • 36849027817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in mice
    • Hu, C. Y. et al. Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 3857-3867 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.117 , pp. 3857-3867
    • Hu, C.Y.1
  • 54
    • 43049171493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B lymphocyte depletion by CD20 monoclonal antibody prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice despite isotype-specific differences in FcR effector functions
    • Xiu, Y. et al. B lymphocyte depletion by CD20 monoclonal antibody prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice despite isotype-specific differences in FcR effector functions. J. Immunol. 180, 2863-2875 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.180 , pp. 2863-2875
    • Xiu, Y.1
  • 55
    • 20544443927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes
    • Keymeulen, B. et al. Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 2598-2608 (2005).
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.352 , pp. 2598-2608
    • Keymeulen, B.1
  • 56
    • 84908218494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose otelixizumab anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody DEFEND-1 study: Results of the randomized phase III study in recent-onset human type 1 diabetes
    • Aronson, R. et al. Low-dose otelixizumab anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody DEFEND-1 study: results of the randomized phase III study in recent-onset human type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37, 2746-2754 (2014).
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 2746-2754
    • Aronson, R.1
  • 57
    • 84896116224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of low-dose otelixizumab anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in preserving C-peptide secretion in adolescent type 1 diabetes: DEFEND-2, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-centre study
    • Ambery, P. et al. Efficacy and safety of low-dose otelixizumab anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in preserving C-peptide secretion in adolescent type 1 diabetes: DEFEND-2, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-centre study. Diabet. Med. 31, 399-402 (2014).
    • (2014) Diabet. Med. , vol.31 , pp. 399-402
    • Ambery, P.1
  • 58
    • 0035032076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced survival of grafts genetically endowed with the ability to block CD2 and B7
    • Brady, J. L., Yamashita, K. & Lew, A. M. Enhanced survival of grafts genetically endowed with the ability to block CD2 and B7. Cell Transplant. 10, 175-181 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell Transplant. , vol.10 , pp. 175-181
    • Brady, J.L.1    Yamashita, K.2    Lew, A.M.3
  • 59
    • 0242574700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by selective inhibition of T-cell activation with fusion protein CTLA4Ig
    • Kremer, J. M. et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by selective inhibition of T-cell activation with fusion protein CTLA4Ig. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1907-1915 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.349 , pp. 1907-1915
    • Kremer, J.M.1
  • 60
    • 23644455857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the selective costimulation modulator abatacept: Twelve-month results of a phase iib, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Kremer, J. M. et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the selective costimulation modulator abatacept: twelve-month results of a phase iib, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2263-2271 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.52 , pp. 2263-2271
    • Kremer, J.M.1
  • 61
    • 16044371193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD28/B7 regulation of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the development of autoimmune diabetes
    • Lenschow, D. J. et al. CD28/B7 regulation of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the development of autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 5, 285-293 (1996).
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.5 , pp. 285-293
    • Lenschow, D.J.1
  • 62
    • 0028900297 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibody treatment on the development of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse
    • Lenschow, D. J. et al. Differential effects of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibody treatment on the development of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. J. Exp. Med. 181, 1145-1155 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Exp. Med. , vol.181 , pp. 1145-1155
    • Lenschow, D.J.1
  • 63
    • 0036314243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with sirolimus and interleukin-2 prevents spontaneous and recurrent autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice
    • Rabinovitch, A., Suarez-Pinzon, W. L., Shapiro, A. M., Rajotte, R. V. & Power, R. Combination therapy with sirolimus and interleukin-2 prevents spontaneous and recurrent autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 51, 638-645 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 638-645
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Suarez-Pinzon, W.L.2    Shapiro, A.M.3    Rajotte, R.V.4    Power, R.5
  • 64
    • 1342303482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of mice and not men: Differences between mouse and human immunology
    • Mestas, J. & Hughes, C. C. Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology. J. Immunol. 172, 2731-2738 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 2731-2738
    • Mestas, J.1    Hughes, C.C.2
  • 65
    • 84904261048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into disease-specific absence of complement factor H related protein C in mouse models of spontaneous autoimmune diseases
    • Mehta, G., Ferreira, V. P., Skerka, C., Zipfel, P. F. & Banda, N. K. New insights into disease-specific absence of complement factor H related protein C in mouse models of spontaneous autoimmune diseases. Mol. Immunol. 62, 235-248 (2014).
    • (2014) Mol. Immunol. , vol.62 , pp. 235-248
    • Mehta, G.1    Ferreira, V.P.2    Skerka, C.3    Zipfel, P.F.4    Banda, N.K.5
  • 66
    • 80052398914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine antithymocyte globulin T-cell depletion is mediated predominantly by macrophages, but the Fas/FasL pathway selectively targets regulatory T cells
    • Neff, K. S., Richards, S. M., Williams, J. M., Garman, R. D. & Ruzek, M. C. Murine antithymocyte globulin T-cell depletion is mediated predominantly by macrophages, but the Fas/FasL pathway selectively targets regulatory T cells. Transplantation 92, 523-528 (2011).
    • (2011) Transplantation , vol.92 , pp. 523-528
    • Neff, K.S.1    Richards, S.M.2    Williams, J.M.3    Garman, R.D.4    Ruzek, M.C.5
  • 67
    • 70449392430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islet lymphocyte subsets in male and female NOD mice are qualitatively similar but quantitatively distinct
    • Young, E. F., Hess, P. R., Arnold, L. W., Tisch, R. & Frelinger, J. A. Islet lymphocyte subsets in male and female NOD mice are qualitatively similar but quantitatively distinct. Autoimmunity 42, 678-691 (2009).
    • (2009) Autoimmunity , vol.42 , pp. 678-691
    • Young, E.F.1    Hess, P.R.2    Arnold, L.W.3    Tisch, R.4    Frelinger, J.A.5
  • 68
    • 0842343422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spontaneous model for autoimmune myocarditis using the human MHC molecule HLA-DQ8
    • Taylor, J. A. et al. A spontaneous model for autoimmune myocarditis using the human MHC molecule HLA-DQ8. J. Immunol. 172, 2651-2658 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 2651-2658
    • Taylor, J.A.1
  • 69
    • 77949872804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique autoreactive T cells recognize insulin peptides generated within the islets of Langerhans in autoimmune diabetes
    • Mohan, J. F. et al. Unique autoreactive T cells recognize insulin peptides generated within the islets of Langerhans in autoimmune diabetes. Nat. Immunol. 11, 350-354 (2010).
    • (2010) Nat. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 350-354
    • Mohan, J.F.1
  • 70
    • 84872316562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of self and altered self by T cells in autoimmunity and allergy
    • Yin, L. et al. Recognition of self and altered self by T cells in autoimmunity and allergy. Protein Cell 4, 8-16 (2013).
    • (2013) Protein Cell , vol.4 , pp. 8-16
    • Yin, L.1
  • 71
    • 84892166628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The repertoires of peptides presented by MHC-II in the thymus and in peripheral tissue: A clue for autoimmunity Front
    • Collado, J. A., Guitart, C., Ciudad, M. T., Alvarez, I. & Jaraquemada, D. The repertoires of peptides presented by MHC-II in the thymus and in peripheral tissue: a clue for autoimmunity Front. Immunol. 4, 442 (2013).
    • (2013) Immunol. , vol.4 , Issue.442
    • Collado, J.A.1    Guitart, C.2    Ciudad, M.T.3    Alvarez, I.4    Jaraquemada, D.5
  • 72
    • 0033566743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin in oral immune tolerance: A one-amino acid change in the B chain makes the difference
    • Homann, D., Dyrberg, T., Petersen, J., Oldstone, M. B. & von Herrath, M. G. Insulin in oral immune "tolerance": a one-amino acid change in the B chain makes the difference. J. Immunol. 163, 1833-1838 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 1833-1838
    • Homann, D.1    Dyrberg, T.2    Petersen, J.3    Oldstone, M.B.4    Von Herrath, M.G.5
  • 73
    • 18144391496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1
    • Skyler, J. S. et al. Effects of oral insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1. Diabetes Care 28, 1068-1076 (2005).
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1068-1076
    • Skyler, J.S.1
  • 75
    • 77951922471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct phenotype and function of NK cells in the pancreas of nonobese diabetic mice
    • Brauner, H. et al. Distinct phenotype and function of NK cells in the pancreas of nonobese diabetic mice. J. Immunol. 184, 2272-2280 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Immunol. , vol.184 , pp. 2272-2280
    • Brauner, H.1
  • 76
    • 84856825977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of islet-autoreactive CD8 T cells in insulitic lesions from recent onset and long-term type 1 diabetes patients
    • Coppieters, K. T. et al. Demonstration of islet-autoreactive CD8 T cells in insulitic lesions from recent onset and long-term type 1 diabetes patients. J. Exp. Med. 209, 51-60 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Exp. Med. , vol.209 , pp. 51-60
    • Coppieters, K.T.1
  • 78
    • 84864381301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fall in C-peptide during first 2 years from diagnosis: Evidence of at least two distinct phases from composite Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet data
    • Greenbaum, C. J. et al. Fall in C-peptide during first 2 years from diagnosis: evidence of at least two distinct phases from composite Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet data. Diabetes 61, 2066-2073 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , pp. 2066-2073
    • Greenbaum, C.J.1
  • 79
    • 33845523340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of autoimmunity and immune therapy on-cell turnover in type 1 diabetes
    • Sherry, N. A. et al. Effects of autoimmunity and immune therapy on-cell turnover in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 55, 3238-3245 (2006).
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 3238-3245
    • Sherry, N.A.1
  • 80
    • 80755168884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of intra-islet CD20 expression may complicate efficacy of B-cell-directed type 1 diabetes therapies
    • Serreze, D. V. et al. Loss of intra-islet CD20 expression may complicate efficacy of B-cell-directed type 1 diabetes therapies. Diabetes 60, 2914-2921 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 2914-2921
    • Serreze, D.V.1
  • 81
    • 55849136929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curative and cell regenerative effects of 1-antitrypsin treatment in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice
    • Koulmanda, M. et al. Curative and cell regenerative effects of 1-antitrypsin treatment in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 16242-16247 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 16242-16247
    • Koulmanda, M.1
  • 82
    • 3042737844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cure of overt diabetes in NOD mice by transient treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum and exendin-4
    • Ogawa, N., List, J. F., Habener, J. F. & Maki, T., Cure of overt diabetes in NOD mice by transient treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum and exendin-4. Diabetes 53, 1700-1705 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 1700-1705
    • Ogawa, N.1    List, J.F.2    Habener, J.F.3    Maki, T.4
  • 83
    • 79960714565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor induces-cell neogenesis from adult human pancreatic duct cells implanted in immunodeficient mice
    • Suarez-Pinzon, W. L. & Rabinovitch, A. Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor induces-cell neogenesis from adult human pancreatic duct cells implanted in immunodeficient mice. Cell Transplant. 20, 1343-1349 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Transplant. , vol.20 , pp. 1343-1349
    • Suarez-Pinzon, W.L.1    Rabinovitch, A.2
  • 84
    • 58149348476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell mass and type 1 diabetes: Going going gone
    • Akirav, E., Kushner, J. A. & Herold, K. C.-cell mass and type 1 diabetes: going, going, gone Diabetes 57, 2883-2888 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2883-2888
    • Akirav, E.1    Kushner, J.A.2    Herold, K.C.3
  • 85
    • 33750583959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sirolimus is associated with reduced islet engraftment and impaired-cell function
    • Zhang, N. et al. Sirolimus is associated with reduced islet engraftment and impaired-cell function. Diabetes 55, 2429-2436 (2006).
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 2429-2436
    • Zhang, N.1
  • 86
    • 78049320362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual insulin production and pancreatic-cell turnover after 50 years of diabetes: Joslin Medalist Study
    • Keenan, H. A. et al. Residual insulin production and pancreatic-cell turnover after 50 years of diabetes: Joslin Medalist Study. Diabetes 59, 2846-2853 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2846-2853
    • Keenan, H.A.1
  • 87
    • 9144268894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-peptide is the appropriate outcome measure for type 1 diabetes clinical trials to preserve-cell function: Report of an ADA workshop
    • 21-22 October 2001
    • Palmer, J. P. et al. C-peptide is the appropriate outcome measure for type 1 diabetes clinical trials to preserve-cell function: report of an ADA workshop, 21-22 October 2001. Diabetes 53, 250-264 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 250-264
    • Palmer, J.P.1
  • 88
    • 80053434203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab selectively suppresses specific islet antibodies
    • Yu, L. et al. Rituximab selectively suppresses specific islet antibodies. Diabetes 60, 2560-2565 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 2560-2565
    • Yu, L.1
  • 89
    • 40449086665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited
    • Reagan-Shaw, S., Nihal, M. & Ahmad, N. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 22, 659-661 (2008).
    • (2008) FASEB J. , vol.22 , pp. 659-661
    • Reagan-Shaw, S.1    Nihal, M.2    Ahmad, N.3
  • 90
    • 82755197361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of cell death in diabetes using differentially methylated circulating DNA
    • Akirav, E. M. et al. Detection of cell death in diabetes using differentially methylated circulating DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 19018-19023 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 19018-19023
    • Akirav, E.M.1
  • 91
    • 79551715405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human CD3 transgenic mice: Preclinical testing of antibodies promoting immune tolerance
    • Kuhn, C. et al. Human CD3 transgenic mice: preclinical testing of antibodies promoting immune tolerance. Sci. Transl Med. 3, 68ra10 (2011).
    • (2011) Sci. Transl Med. , vol.3 , pp. 68-10
    • Kuhn, C.1
  • 92
    • 77956384921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immune system development and rejection of human islet allografts in spontaneously diabetic NOD-Rag1null IL2r null Ins2Akita mice
    • Brehm, M. A. et al. Human immune system development and rejection of human islet allografts in spontaneously diabetic NOD-Rag1null IL2r null Ins2Akita mice. Diabetes 59, 2265-2270 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2265-2270
    • Brehm, M.A.1
  • 93
    • 84856274206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teplizumab induces human gut-tropic regulatory cells in humanized mice and patients
    • Waldron-Lynch, F. et al. Teplizumab induces human gut-tropic regulatory cells in humanized mice and patients. Sci. Transl Med. 4, 118ra12 (2012).
    • (2012) Sci. Transl Med. , vol.4 , pp. 118-212
    • Waldron-Lynch, F.1
  • 94
    • 84904251418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanized mice as a model for aberrant responses in human T cell immunotherapy
    • Vudattu, N. K. et al. Humanized mice as a model for aberrant responses in human T cell immunotherapy. J. Immunol. 193, 587-596 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Immunol. , vol.193 , pp. 587-596
    • Vudattu, N.K.1
  • 95
    • 84899104487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A humanized mouse model of autoimmune insulitis
    • Viehmann Milam, A. A. et al. A humanized mouse model of autoimmune insulitis. Diabetes 63, 1712-1724 (2014).
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , pp. 1712-1724
    • Viehmann Milam, A.A.1
  • 96
    • 0029928590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active suppression of diabetes after oral administration of insulin is determined by antigen dosage
    • Bergerot, I., Fabien, N., Mayer, A. & Thivolet, C. Active suppression of diabetes after oral administration of insulin is determined by antigen dosage. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 13, 362-367 (1996).
    • (1996) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 362-367
    • Bergerot, I.1    Fabien, N.2    Mayer, A.3    Thivolet, C.4
  • 97
    • 17444437590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral insulin administration and residual (-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Chaillous, L. et al. Oral insulin administration and residual (-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 356, 545-549 (2000).
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 545-549
    • Chaillous, L.1
  • 98
    • 0030805783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral insulin for diabetes prevention in NOD mice: Potentiation by enhancing Th2 cytokine expression in the gut through bacterial adjuvant
    • Hartmann, B., Bellmann, K., Ghiea, I., Kleemann, R. & Kolb, H. Oral insulin for diabetes prevention in NOD mice: potentiation by enhancing Th2 cytokine expression in the gut through bacterial adjuvant. Diabetologia 40, 902-909 (1997).
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , pp. 902-909
    • Hartmann, B.1    Bellmann, K.2    Ghiea, I.3    Kleemann, R.4    Kolb, H.5
  • 99
    • 77956257716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-2 reverses established type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by a local effect on pancreatic regulatory T cells
    • Grinberg-Bleyer, Y. et al. IL-2 reverses established type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by a local effect on pancreatic regulatory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 207, 1871-1878 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Exp. Med. , vol.207 , pp. 1871-1878
    • Grinberg-Bleyer, Y.1
  • 100
    • 34548751075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of adverse inflammation is required to cure new-onset type 1 diabetic hosts
    • Koulmanda, M. et al. Modification of adverse inflammation is required to cure new-onset type 1 diabetic hosts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 13074-13079 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 13074-13079
    • Koulmanda, M.1
  • 101
    • 43049174722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction
    • Tang, Q. et al. Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction. Immunity 28, 687-697 (2008).
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.28 , pp. 687-697
    • Tang, Q.1
  • 102
    • 58149357117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastrin restores normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice
    • Suarez-Pinzon, W. L. et al. Combination therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastrin restores normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice. Diabetes 57, 3281-3288 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 3281-3288
    • Suarez-Pinzon, W.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.