Sleep disruption and the sequelae associated with traumatic brain injury

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 55, Issue , 2015, Pages 68-77

  Lucke Wold, Brandon P ^b   Smith, Kelly E ^a,b   Nguyen, Linda ^a,b   Turner, Ryan C ^b   Logsdon, Aric F ^a,b   Jackson, Garrett J ^b   Huber, Jason D ^a,b   Rosen, Charles L ^b   Miller, Diane B ^b,c  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Maintenance insomnia; Neurodegeneration; Neuropsychiatric symptoms; Sleep disruption; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; MELATONIN DERIVATIVE; OREXIN; TAU PROTEIN; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; MELATONIN;

BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BIOACCUMULATION; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; METABOLOMICS; MOOD DISORDER; NERVE CELL DEGENERATION; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SLEEP DISORDER; SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING; SLEEP QUALITY; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; VASODILATATION; ANIMAL; BRAIN INJURY; CLASSIFICATION; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; DISEASE COURSE; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS;

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES; ANIMALS; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN INJURIES; COGNITION DISORDERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; MELATONIN; SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS;

EID: 84929331101     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: 18737528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.010     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. AbdelMalik P., Husted J., Chow E.W., Bassett A.S. Childhood head injury and expression of schizophrenia in multiply affected families. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2003, 60:231-236.
2. Alderfer B.S., Arciniegas D.B., Silver J.M. Treatment of depression following traumatic brain injury. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005, 20:544-562.
3. Alkadhi K., Zagaar M., Alhaider I., Salim S., Aleisa A. Neurobiological consequences of sleep deprivation. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2013, 11:231-249.
4. Arciniegas D.B., Topkoff J., Silver J.M. Neuropsychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 2000, 2:169-186.
5. Ayalon L., Borodkin K., Dishon L., Kanety H., Dagan Y. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders following mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2007, 68:1136-1140.
6. Bailey N.W., Hoy K.E., Maller J.J., Segrave R.A., Thomson R., Williams N., Daskalakis Z.J., Fitzgerald P.B. An exploratory analysis of go/nogo event-related potentials in major depression and depression following traumatic brain injury. Psychiatry Res. 2014, 224:324-334.
7. Bakchine S., Lacomblez L., Benoit N., Parisot D., Chain F., Lhermitte F. Manic-like state after bilateral orbitofrontal and right temporoparietal injury: efficacy of clonidine. Neurology 1989, 39:777-781.
8. Baumann C.R., Werth E., Stocker R., Ludwig S., Bassetti C.L. Sleep-wake disturbances 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Brain 2007, 130:1873-1883.
9. Beetar J.T., Guilmette T.J., Sparadeo F.R. Sleep and pain complaints in symptomatic traumatic brain injury and neurologic populations. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1996, 77:1298-1302.
10. Belaid H., Adrien J., Laffrat E., Tande D., Karachi C., Grabli D., Arnulf I., Clark S.D., Drouot X., Hirsch E.C., Francois C. Sleep disorders in Parkinsonian macaques: effects of L-dopa treatment and pedunculopontine nucleus lesion. J. Neurosci. 2014, 34:9124-9133.
11. Benedict C., Cedernaes J., Giedraitis V., Nilsson E.K., Hogenkamp P.S., Vagesjo E., Massena S., Pettersson U., Christoffersson G., Phillipson M., Broman J.E., Lannfelt L., Zetterberg H., Schioth H.B. Acute sleep deprivation increases serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S-100B) in healthy young men. Sleep 2014, 37:195-198.
12. Bloomfield I.L., Espie C.A., Evans J.J. Do sleep difficulties exacerbate deficits in sustained attention following traumatic brain injury?. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2010, 16:17-25.
13. Brown G., Chadwick O., Shaffer D., Rutter M., Traub M. A prospective study of children with head injuries: III. Psychiatric sequelae. Psychol. Med. 1981, 11:63-78.
14. Brown M.K., Chan M.T., Zimmerman J.E., Pack A.I., Jackson N.E., Naidoo N. Aging induced endoplasmic reticulum stress alters sleep and sleep homeostasis. Neurobiol. Aging 2014, 35:1431-1441.
15. Burns S., Kappenberg R., McKenna A., Wood C. Brain injury: personality, psychopathology and neuropsychology. Brain Inj. 1994, 8:413-427.
16. Castriotta R.J., Wilde M.C., Lai J.M., Atanasov S., Masel B.E., Kuna S.T. Prevalence and consequences of sleep disorders in traumatic brain injury. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 2007, 3:349-356.
17. Cernak I., Noble-Haeusslein L.J. Traumatic brain injury: an overview of pathobiology with emphasis on military populations. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2010, 30:255-266.
18. Chaput G., Giguere J.F., Chauny J.M., Denis R., Lavigne G. Relationship among subjective sleep complaints, headaches, and mood alterations following a mild traumatic brain injury. Sleep Med. 2009, 10:713-716.
19. Chennaoui M., Sauvet F., Drogou C., Van Beers P., Langrume C., Guillard M., Gourby B., Bourrilhon C., Florence G., Gomez-Merino D. Effect of one night of sleep loss on changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in healthy men. Cytokine 2011, 56:318-324.
20. Chiu H.Y., Lo W.C., Chiang Y.H., Tsai P.S. The effects of sleep on the relationship between brain injury severity and recovery of cognitive function: a prospective study. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2014, 51:892-899.
21. Cipriani G., Lucetti C., Danti S., Nuti A. Sleep disturbances and dementia. Psychogeriatrics 2014, 15:65-74.
22. Clinchot D.M., Bogner J., Mysiw W.J., Fugate L., Corrigan J. Defining sleep disturbance after brain injury. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1998, 77:291-295.
23. Cohen M., Oksenberg A., Snir D., Stern M.J., Groswasser Z. Temporally related changes of sleep complaints in traumatic brain injured patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1992, 55:313-315.
24. Collen J., Orr N., Lettieri C.J., Carter K., Holley A.B. Sleep disturbances among soldiers with combat-related traumatic brain injury. Chest 2012, 142:622-630.
25. Davies S.K., Ang J.E., Revell V.L., Holmes B., Mann A., Robertson F.P., Cui N., Middleton B., Ackermann K., Kayser M., Thumser A.E., Raynaud F.I., Skene D.J. Effect of sleep deprivation on the human metabolome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2014, 111:10761-10766.
26. Dettoni J.L., Consolim-Colombo F.M., Drager L.F., Rubira M.C., Souza S.B., Irigoyen M.C., Mostarda C., Borile S., Krieger E.M., Moreno H., Lorenzi-Filho G. Cardiovascular effects of partial sleep deprivation in healthy volunteers. J. Appl. Physiol. 2012, 113:232-236.
27. Duclos C., Beauregard M.P., Bottari C., Ouellet M.C., Gosselin N. The impact of poor sleep on cognition and activities of daily living after traumatic brain injury: a review. Aust. Occup. Ther. J. 2014, 62:2-12.
28. Duffy J.D., Campbell J.J. The regional prefrontal syndromes: a theoretical and clinical overview. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1994, 6:379-387.
29. Englander J., Bushnik T., Oggins J., Katznelson L. Fatigue after traumatic brain injury: association with neuroendocrine, sleep, depression and other factors. Brain Inj. 2010, 24:1379-1388.
30. Erman M., Seiden D., Zammit G., Sainati S., Zhang J. An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep Med. 2006, 7:17-24.
31. Everson C.A., Henchen C.J., Szabo A., Hogg N. Cell injury and repair resulting from sleep loss and sleep recovery in laboratory rats. Sleep 2014, 37:1929-1940.
32. Farinde A. An examination of co-occurring conditions and management of psychotropic medication use in soldiers with traumatic brain injury. J. Trauma Nurs. 2014, 21:153-157. (quiz 158-159).
33. Fedoroff J.P., Starkstein S.E., Forrester A.W., Geisler F.H., Jorge R.E., Arndt S.V., Robinson R.G. Depression in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Psychiatry 1992, 149:918-923.
34. Fichtenberg N.L., Zafonte R.D., Putnam S., Mann N.R., Millard A.E. Insomnia in a post-acute brain injury sample. Brain Inj. 2002, 16:197-206.
35. Fletcher E.C. Cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea: experimental hypoxia and sympathetic activity. Sleep 2000, 23(Suppl. 4):S127L 131.
36. Garcia-Garcia F., De la Herran-Arita A.K., Juarez-Aguilar E., Regalado-Santiago C., Millan-Aldaco D., Blanco-Centurion C., Drucker-Colin R. Growth hormone improves hippocampal adult cell survival and counteracts the inhibitory effect of prolonged sleep deprivation on cell proliferation. Brain Res. Bull. 2011, 84:252-257.
37. Glenn T.C., Hirt D., Mendez G., McArthur D.L., Sturtevant R., Wolahan S., Fazlollahi F., Ordon M., Bilgin-Freiert A., Ellingson B., Vespa P., Hovda D.A., Martin N.A. Metabolomic analysis of cerebral spinal fluid from patients with severe brain injury. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 2013, 118:115-119.
38. Goetz C.G., Pal G. Initial management of Parkinson's disease. BMJ 2014, 349:g6258.
39. Goldstein L.E., Fisher A.M., Tagge C.A., Zhang X.L., Velisek L., Sullivan J.A., Upreti C., Kracht J.M., Ericsson M., Wojnarowicz M.W., Goletiani C.J., Maglakelidze G.M., Casey N., Moncaster J.A., Minaeva O., Moir R.D., Nowinski C.J., Stern R.A., Cantu R.C., Geiling J., Blusztajn J.K., Wolozin B.L., Ikezu T., Stein T.D., Budson A.E., Kowall N.W., Chargin D., Sharon A., Saman S., Hall G.F., Moss W.C., Cleveland R.O., Tanzi R.E., Stanton P.K., McKee A.C. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in blast-exposed military veterans and a blast neurotrauma mouse model. Sci. Transl. Med. 2012, 4:134ra160.
40. Gomez-Gonzalez B., Hurtado-Alvarado G., Esqueda-Leon E., Santana-Miranda R., Rojas-Zamorano J.A., Velazquez-Moctezuma J. REM sleep loss and recovery regulates blood-brain barrier function. Curr. Neurovasc. Res. 2013, 10:197-207.
41. Grafman J., Schwab K., Warden D., Pridgen A., Brown H.R., Salazar A.M. Frontal lobe injuries, violence, and aggression: a report of the Vietnam Head Injury Study. Neurology 1996, 46:1231-1238.
42. Grassi Zucconi G., Cipriani S., Balgkouranidou I., Scattoni R. 'One night' sleep deprivation stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Res. Bull. 2006, 69:375-381.
43. Gronli J., Soule J., Bramham C.R. Sleep and protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity: impacts of sleep loss and stress. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 2013, 7:224.
44. Harris J.L., Yeh H.W., Choi I.Y., Lee P., Berman N.E., Swerdlow R.H., Craciunas S.C., Brooks W.M. Altered neurochemical profile after traumatic brain injury: (1)H-MRS biomarkers of pathological mechanisms. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2012, 32:2122-2134.
45. Hart T., Brenner L., Clark A.N., Bogner J.A., Novack T.A., Chervoneva I., Nakase-Richardson R., Arango-Lasprilla J.C. Major and minor depression after traumatic brain injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2011, 92:1211-1219.
46. He J., Hsuchou H., He Y., Kastin A.J., Wang Y., Pan W. Sleep restriction impairs blood-brain barrier function. J. Neurosci. 2014, 34:14697-14706.
47. Hinkeldey N.S., Corrigan J.D. The structure of head-injured patients' neurobehavioural complaints: a preliminary study. Brain Inj. 1990, 4:115-133.
48. Hoge C.W., McGurk D., Thomas J.L., Cox A.L., Engel C.C., Castro C.A. Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. Soldiers returning from Iraq. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 358:453-463.
49. Holsinger T., Steffens D.C., Phillips C., Helms M.J., Havlik R.J., Breitner J.C., Guralnik J.M., Plassman B.L. Head injury in early adulthood and the lifetime risk of depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2002, 59:17-22.
50. Hou L., Han X., Sheng P., Tong W., Li Z., Xu D., Yu M., Huang L., Zhao Z., Lu Y., Dong Y. Risk factors associated with sleep disturbance following traumatic brain injury: clinical findings and questionnaire based study. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e76087.
51. Iliff J.J., Chen M.J., Plog B.A., Zeppenfeld D.M., Soltero M., Yang L., Singh I., Deane R., Nedergaard M. Impairment of glymphatic pathway function promotes tau pathology after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosci. 2014, 34:16180-16193.
52. Jain A., Mittal R.S., Sharma A., Sharma A., Gupta I.D. Study of insomnia and associated factors in traumatic brain injury. Asian J. Psychiatry 2014, 8:99-103.
53. Joo E.Y., Kim H., Suh S., Hong S.B. Hippocampal substructural vulnerability to sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic primary insomnia: magnetic resonance imaging morphometry. Sleep 2014, 37:1189-1198.
54. Jorge R., Robinson R.G. Mood disorders following traumatic brain injury. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 2003, 15:317-327.
55. Jorge R.E., Robinson R.G., Starkstein S.E., Arndt S.V. Depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1993, 5:369-374.
56. Kato M., Phillips B.G., Sigurdsson G., Narkiewicz K., Pesek C.A., Somers V.K. Effects of sleep deprivation on neural circulatory control. Hypertension 2000, 35:1173-1175.
57. Kaufman Y., Tzischinsky O., Epstein R., Etzioni A., Lavie P., Pillar G. Long-term sleep disturbances in adolescents after minor head injury. Pediatr. Neurol. 2001, 24:129-134.
58. Khalyfa A., Carreras A., Almendros I., Hakim F., Gozal D. Sex dimorphism in late gestational sleep fragmentation and metabolic dysfunction in offspring mice. Sleep 2014, 63:3230-3241.
59. Khoury S., Chouchou F., Amzica F., Giguere J.F., Denis R., Rouleau G.A., Lavigne G.J. Rapid EEG activity during sleep dominates in mild traumatic brain injury patients with acute pain. J. Neurotrauma 2013, 30:633-641.
60. Klonoff H. Head injuries in children: predisposing factors accident conditions, accident proneness and sequelae. Am. J. Public Health 1971, 61:2405-2417.
61. Kohler M., Stradling J.R. Mechanisms of vascular damage in obstructive sleep apnea. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2010, 7:677-685.
62. Kox M., Pompe J.C., Pickkers P., Hoedemaekers C.W., van Vugt A.B., van der Hoeven J.G. Increased vagal tone accounts for the observed immune paralysis in patients with traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2008, 70:480-485.
63. Kramer D.R., Winer J.L., Pease B.A., Amar A.P., Mack W.J. Cerebral vasospasm in traumatic brain injury. Neurol. Res. Int. 2013, 2013:415813.
64. Krieger S.N., Egan G.F. Let the vessels rest. Sleep 2013, 36:1415-1416.
65. Larson E.B., Zollman F.S. The effect of sleep medications on cognitive recovery from traumatic brain injury. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010, 25:61-67.
66. Lavigne G., Khoury S., Chauny J.M., Desautels A. Pain and sleep in post-concussion/mild traumatic brain injury. Pain 2015, 156(Suppl. 1):S75L 85.
67. Lemaire J.J., Cosnard G., Sakka L., Nuti C., Gradkowski W., Mori S., Hermoye L. White matter anatomy of the human deep brain revisited with high resolution DTI fibre tracking. Neurochirurgie 2011, 57:52-67.
68. Lewis L., Rosenberg S.J. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with brain-injured adult psychiatric patients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1990, 178:69-77.
69. Lim M.M., Gerstner J.R., Holtzman D.M. The sleep-wake cycle and Alzheimer's disease: what do we know?. Neurodegener. Dis. Manag. 2014, 4:351-362.
70. Lux W.E. A neuropsychiatric perspective on traumatic brain injury. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 2007, 44:951-962.
71. Macera C.A., Aralis H.J., Rauh M.J., MacGregor A.J. Do sleep problems mediate the relationship between traumatic brain injury and development of mental health symptoms after deployment?. Sleep 2013, 36:83-90.
72. MacGregor A.J., Dougherty A.L., Tang J.J., Galarneau M.R. Postconcussive symptom reporting among US combat veterans with mild traumatic brain injury from Operation Iraqi Freedom. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 2013, 28:59-67.
73. Mahmood O., Rapport L.J., Hanks R.A., Fichtenberg N.L. Neuropsychological performance and sleep disturbance following traumatic brain injury. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 2004, 19:378-390.
74. Malkesman O., Tucker L.B., Ozl J., McCabe J.T. Traumatic brain injury - modeling neuropsychiatric symptoms in rodents. Front. Neurol. 2013, 4:157.
75. Malkki H. Alzheimer disease: increased orexin level correlates with sleep disruption and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2014, 10:672.
76. Mallya S., Sutherland J., Pongracic S., Mainland B., Ornstein T.J. The manifestation of anxiety disorders after traumatic brain injury: a review. J. Neurotrauma 2015, 32:411-421.
77. Mann J.J., Waternaux C., Haas G.L., Malone K.M. Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 1999, 156:181-189.
78. Marcoux J., McArthur D.A., Miller C., Glenn T.C., Villablanca P., Martin N.A., Hovda D.A., Alger J.R., Vespa P.M. Persistent metabolic crisis as measured by elevated cerebral microdialysis lactate-pyruvate ratio predicts chronic frontal lobe brain atrophy after traumatic brain injury. Crit. Care Med. 2008, 36:2871-2877.
79. Martinez-Vargas M., Estrada Rojo F., Tabla-Ramon E., Navarro-Arguelles H., Ortiz-Lailzon N., Hernandez-Chavez A., Solis B., Martinez Tapia R., Perez Arredondo A., Morales-Gomez J., Gonzalez-Rivera R., Nava-Talavera K., Navarro L. Sleep deprivation has a neuroprotective role in a traumatic brain injury of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 2012, 529:118-122.
80. Masel B.E., DeWitt D.S. Traumatic brain injury: a disease process, not an event. J. Neurotrauma 2010, 27:1529-1540.
81. Masel B.E., Scheibel R.S., Kimbark T., Kuna S.T. Excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with brain injuries. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2001, 82:1526-1532.
82. Muenter N.K., Watenpaugh D.E., Wasmund W.L., Wasmund S.L., Maxwell S.A., Smith M.L. Effect of sleep restriction on orthostatic cardiovascular control in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 2000, 88:966-972.
83. Naidoo N. Cellular stress/the unfolded protein response: relevance to sleep and sleep disorders. Sleep Med. Rev. 2009, 13:195-204.
84. Naidoo N., Ferber M., Master M., Zhu Y., Pack A.I. Aging impairs the unfolded protein response to sleep deprivation and leads to proapoptotic signaling. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:6539-6548.
85. Naseem M., Parvez S. Role of melatonin in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. ScientificWorldJournal 2014, 586270.
86. Nasrallah H.A., Fowler R.C., Judd L.L. Schizophrenia-like illness following head injury. Psychosomatics 1981, 22:359-361.
87. Novati A., Hulshof H.J., Granic I., Meerlo P. Chronic partial sleep deprivation reduces brain sensitivity to glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. J. Sleep Res. 2012, 21:3-9.
88. Obukuro K., Nobunaga M., Takigawa M., Morioka H., Hisatsune A., Isohama Y., Shimokawa H., Tsutsui M., Katsuki H. Nitric oxide mediates selective degeneration of hypothalamic orexin neurons through dysfunction of protein disulfide isomerase. J. Neurosci. 2013, 33:12557-12568.
89. Ouellet M.C., Beaulieu-Bonneau S., Morin C.M. Insomnia in patients with traumatic brain injury: frequency, characteristics, and risk factors. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006, 21:199-212.
90. Ouellet M.C., Morin C.M. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia associated with traumatic brain injury: a single-case study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2004, 85:1298-1302.
91. Ouellet M.C., Morin C.M. Subjective and objective measures of insomnia in the context of traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Sleep Med. 2006, 7:486-497.
92. Ouellet M.C., Morin C.M. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia associated with traumatic brain injury: a single-case experimental design. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2007, 88:1581-1592.
93. Ouellet M.C., Savard J., Morin C.M. Insomnia following traumatic brain injury: a review. Neurorehabil. Neural Rep. 2004, 18:187-198.
94. Paparrigopoulos T., Melissaki A., Tsekou H., Efthymiou A., Kribeni G., Baziotis N., Geronikola X. Melatonin secretion after head injury: a pilot study. Brain Inj. 2006, 20:873-878.
95. Parcell D.L., Ponsford J.L., Rajaratnam S.M., Redman J.R. Self-reported changes to nighttime sleep after traumatic brain injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2006, 87:278-285.
96. Parcell D.L., Ponsford J.L., Redman J.R., Rajaratnam S.M. Poor sleep quality and changes in objectively recorded sleep after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2008, 89:843-850.
97. Paul S.M. Anxiety and depression: a common neurobiological substrate?. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1988, 49(Suppl.):13-16.
98. Persinger M.A. Sense of a presence and suicidal ideation following traumatic brain injury: indications of right-hemispheric intrusions from neuropsychological profiles. Psychol. Rep. 1994, 75:1059-1070.
99. Petraglia A.L., Plog B.A., Dayawansa S., Chen M., Dashnaw M.L., Czerniecka K., Walker C.T., Viterise T., Hyrien O., Iliff J.J., Deane R., Nedergaard M., Huang J.H. The spectrum of neuro-behavioral sequelae following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). J. Neurotrauma 2014, 31:1211-1224.
100. Pillar G., Averbooch E., Katz N., Peled N., Kaufman Y., Shahar E. Prevalence and risk of sleep disturbances in adolescents after minor head injury. Pediatr. Neurol. 2003, 29:131-135.
101. Plante G.E. Sleep and vascular disorders. Metabolism 2006, 55:S45-S49.
102. Pope H.G., McElroy S.L., Satlin A., Hudson J.I., Keck P.E., Kalish R. Head injury, bipolar disorder, and response to valproate. Compr. Psychiatry 1988, 29:34-38.
103. Quinto C., Gellido C., Chokroverty S., Masdeu J. Posttraumatic delayed sleep phase syndrome. Neurology 2000, 54:250-252.
104. Rao V., Lyketsos C. Neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics 2000, 41:95-103.
105. Riechers R.G., Shuster J.L., Bryan K.J., Burant C.J., Ball S.L. Prior housing conditions and sleep loss may affect recovery from brain injury in rats: a pilot study. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 2013, 50:455-462.
106. Rogers J.M., Read C.A. Psychiatric comorbidity following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2007, 21:1321-1333.
107. Sauvet F., Florence G., Van Beers P., Drogou C., Lagrume C., Chaumes C., Ciret S., Leftheriotis G., Chennaoui M. Total sleep deprivation alters endothelial function in rats: a nonsympathetic mechanism. Sleep 2014, 37:465-473.
108. Sauvet F., Leftheriotis G., Gomez-Merino D., Langrume C., Drogou C., Van Beers P., Bourrilhon C., Florence G., Chennaoui M. Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthy subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010, 108:68-75.
109. Schei J.L., Rector D.M. Evoked electrical and cerebral vascular responses during sleep and following sleep deprivation. Prog. Brain Res. 2011, 193:233-244.
110. Scholten A.C., Haagsma J.A., Panneman M.J., van Beeck E.F., Polinder S. Traumatic brain injury in the Netherlands: incidence, costs and disability-adjusted life years. PLOS ONE 2014, 9:e110905.
111. Schreiber S., Barkai G., Gur-Hartman T., Peles E., Tov N., Dolberg O.T., Pick C.G. Long-lasting sleep patterns of adult patients with minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and non-mTBI subjects. Sleep Med. 2008, 9:481-487.
112. Shekleton J.A., Parcell D.L., Redman J.R., Phipps-Nelson J., Ponsford J.L., Rajaratnam S.M. Sleep disturbance and melatonin levels following traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2010, 74:1732-1738.
113. Shibui K., Uchiyama M., Okawa M. Melatonin rhythms in delayed sleep phase syndrome. J. Biol. Rhythms 1999, 14:72-76.
114. Simpson G., Tate R. Suicidality after traumatic brain injury: demographic, injury and clinical correlates. Psychol. Med. 2002, 32:687-697.
115. Skopin M.D., Kabadi S.V., Viechweg S.S., Mong J.A., Faden A.I. Chronic decrease in wakefulness and disruption of sleep-wake behavior after experimental traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 2014, 32:289-296.
116. Somers V.K., Dyken M.E., Mark A.L., Abboud F.M. Sympathetic-nerve activity during sleep in normal subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993, 328:303-307.
117. Sommerauer M., Valko P.O., Werth E., Baumann C.R. Excessive sleep need following traumatic brain injury: a case-control study of 36 patients. J. Sleep Res. 2013, 22:634-639.
118. Starkstein S.E., Robinson R.G., Price T.R. Comparison of cortical and subcortical lesions in the production of poststroke mood disorders. Brain 1987, 110(Pt 4):1045-1059.
119. Stocker R.P., Cieply M.A., Paul B., Khan H., Henry L., Kontos A.P., Germain A. Combat-related blast exposure and traumatic brain injury influence brain glucose metabolism during REM sleep in military veterans. Neuroimage 2014, 99:207-214.
120. Stone J.J., Childs S., Smith L.E., Battin M., Papadakos P.J., Huang J.H. Hourly neurologic assessments for traumatic brain injury in the ICU. Neurol. Res. 2014, 36:164-169.
121. Tartar J.L., Ward C.P., Cordeira J.W., Legare S.L., Blanchette A.J., McCarley R.W., Strecker R.E. Experimental sleep fragmentation and sleep deprivation in rats increases exploration in an open field test of anxiety while increasing plasma corticosterone levels. Behav. Brain Res. 2009, 197:450-453.
122. Tateno A., Sakayori T., Takizawa Y., Yamamoto K., Minagawa K., Okubo Y. A case of Alzheimer's disease following mild traumatic brain injury. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2014, 37:97-109.
123. Teasdale T.W., Engberg A.W. Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a population study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2001, 71:436-440.
124. Theeler B., Lucas S., Riechers R.G., Ruff R.L. Post-traumatic headaches in civilians and military personnel: a comparative, clinical review. Headache 2013, 53:881-900.
125. Thomsen I.V. Late outcome of very severe blunt head trauma: a 10-15 year second follow-up. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1984, 47:260-268.
126. Uchiyama M., Okawa M., Shibui K., Kim K., Tagaya H., Kudo Y., Kamei Y., Hayakawa T., Urata J., Takahashi K. Altered phase relation between sleep timing and core body temperature rhythm in delayed sleep phase syndrome and non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 2000, 294:101-104.
127. Valk-Kleibeuker L., Heijenbrok-Kal M.H., Ribbers G.M. Mood after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study. PLOS ONE 2014, 9:e87414.
128. van Reekum R., Cohen T., Wong J. Can traumatic brain injury cause psychiatric disorders?. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2000, 12:316-327.
129. van Zomeren A.H., van den Burg W. Residual complaints of patients two years after severe head injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1985, 48:21-28.
130. Verma A., Anand V., Verma N.P. Sleep disorders in chronic traumatic brain injury. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 2007, 3:357-362.
131. Viant M.R., Lyeth B.G., Miller M.G., Berman R.F. An NMR metabolomic investigation of early metabolic disturbances following traumatic brain injury in a mammalian model. NMR Biomed. 2005, 18:507-516.
132. Villa C., Ferini-Strambi L., Combi R. The synergistic relationship between Alzheimer's disease and sleep disorders: an update. J. Alzheimer's Dis. 2015, (Epub).
133. Wang J., Yu G. A systems biology approach to characterize biomarkers for blood stasis syndrome of unstable angina patients by integrating MicroRNA and messenger RNA expression profiling. Evid. Base. Compl. Altern. Med. 2013, 2013:510208.
134. Weitzman E.D., Czeisler C.A., Coleman R.M., Spielman A.J., Zimmerman J.C., Dement W., Richardson G., Pollak C.P. Delayed sleep phase syndrome. A chronobiological disorder with sleep-onset insomnia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1981, 38:737-746.
135. Xie L., Kang H., Xu Q., Chen M.J., Liao Y., Thiyagarajan M., O'Donnell J., Christensen D.J., Nicholson C., Iliff J.J., Takano T., Deane R., Nedergaard M. Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science 2013, 342:373-377.
136. Yuruker V., Naziroglu M., Senol N. Reduction in traumatic brain injury-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium entry in rat hippocampus by melatonin: possible involvement of TRPM2 channels. Metab. Brain Dis. 2015, 30:223-231.
137. Zhang J., Zhu Y., Zhan G., Fenik P., Panossian L., Wang M.M., Reid S., Lai D., Davis J.G., Baur J.A., Veasey S. Extended wakefulness: compromised metabolics in and degeneration of locus ceruleus neurons. J. Neurosci. 2014, 34:4418-4431.
138. Zhang J.H., Fung S.J., Xi M., Sampogna S., Chase M.H. Apnea produces neuronal degeneration in the pons and medulla of guinea pigs. Neurobiol. Dis. 2010, 40:251-264.
139. Zielinski M.R., Dunbrasky D.L., Taishi P., Souza G., Krueger J.M. Vagotomy attenuates brain cytokines and sleep induced by peripherally administered tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Sleep 2013, 36:1227-1238. 1238A.