Effect of oxidant concentration, exposure time, and seed particles on secondary organic aerosol chemical composition and yield

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 3063-3075

  Lambe, A T ^a,b   Chhabra, P S ^b,e   Onasch, T B ^a,b   Brune, W H ^c   Hunter, J F ^d   Kroll, J H ^d   Cummings, M J ^a   Brogan, J F ^a   Parmar, Y ^a   Worsnop, D R ^b   Kolb, C E ^b   Davidovits, P ^a  

^a BOSTON COLLEGE   (United States)

^b AERODYNE RESEARCH INC   (United States)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Massachusetts Institute of Technology   (United States)

^e The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); OXIDANT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE;

EID: 84925071100     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-3063-2015     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Aiken, A., DeCarlo, P., Kroll, J., Worsnop, D., Huffman, J., Docherty, K., Ulbrich, I., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J., and Sueper, D.: O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478-4485, 2008.
2. Atkinson, R.: Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions, Chem. Rev., 86, 69-201, 1986.
3. Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Brock, C. A., De Gouw, J. A., Mckeen, S. A., Williams, L. R., Daumit, K. E., Lambe, A. T., Massoli, P., Canagaratna, M. R., Ahmadov, R., Carrasquillo, A. J., Cross, E. S., Ervens, B., Holloway, J. S., Hunter, J. F., Onasch, T. B., Pollack, I. B., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Warneke, C., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Kroll, J. H.: Mass spectral analysis of organic aerosol formed downwind of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: field studies and laboratory confirmations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8025-8034, 2012.
4. Bergström, R., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Yttri, K. E., and Simpson, D.: Modelling of organic aerosols over Europe (2002-2007) using a volatility basis set (VBS) framework: application of different assumptions regarding the formation of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8499-8527, doi:10.5194/acp-12-8499-2012, 2012.
5. Bernard, F., Fedioun, I., Peyroux, F. Quilgars, A., Daële, V., and Mellouki, A.: Thresholds of secondary organic aerosol formation by ozonolysis of monoterpenes measured in a laminar flow aerosol reactor, J. Aerosol Sci., 43, 14-30, 2012.
6. Brégonzio-Rozier, L., Siekmann, F., Giorio, C., Pangui, E., Morales, S. B., Temime-Roussel, B., Gratien, A., Michoud, V., Ravier, S., Tapparo, A., Monod, A., and Doussin, J.-F.: Gaseous products and Secondary Organic Aerosol formation during long term oxidation of isoprene and methacrolein, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2953-2968, doi:10.5194/acp-15-2953-2015, 2015.
7. Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Kroll, J. H., Chen, Q., Kessler, S. H., Massoli, P., Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Fortner, E., Williams, L. R., Wilson, K. R., Surratt, J. D., Donahue, N. M., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.: Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration, and implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 253-272, doi:10.5194/acp-15-253-2015, 2015.
8. Cappa, C. D. and Wilson, K. R.: Multi-generation gas-phase oxidation, equilibrium partitioning, and the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9505-9528, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9505-2012, 2012.
9. Chen, S., Brune, W. H., Lambe, A. T., Davidovits, P., and Onasch, T. B.: Modeling organic aerosol from the oxidation of α-pinene in a Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5017-5031, doi:10.5194/acp-13-5017-2013, 2013.
10. Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental analysis of chamber organic aerosol using an aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4111-4131, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4111-2010, 2010.
11. Chhabra, P. S., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Corrigan, A. L., Russell, L. M.,Worsnop, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental composition and oxidation of chamber organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8827-8845, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8827-2011, 2011.
12. Czoschke, N.: Effect of acidic seed on biogenic secondary organic aerosol growth, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4287-4299, 2003.
13. x radicals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 113-116, 1979.
14. De Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., Ahmadov, R., Atlas, E. L., Bahreini, R., Blake, D. R., Brock, C. A., Brioude, J., Fahey, D. W., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Holloway, J. S., Le Henaff, M., Lueb, R. A., Mckeen, S. A., Meagher, J. F., Murphy, D. M., Paris, C., Parrish, D. D., Perring, A. E., Pollack, I. B., Ravishankara, A. R., Robinson, A. L., Ryerson, T. B., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Srinivasan, A., and Watts, L. A.: Organic aerosol formation downwind from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Science, 331, 1295-1299, 2011.
15. DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Fielddeployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281-8289, 2006.
16. Drewnick, F., Hings, S., DeCarlo, P., Jayne, J., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K.,Weimer, S., Jimenez, J., Demerjian, K., Borrmann, S., and Worsnop, D.: A new Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TOF-AMS) - instrument description and first field deployment, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 637-658, 2005.
17. x environments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7413-7427, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7413-2012, 2012.
18. Ehn, M., Thornton, J. A., Kleist, E., Sipilä, M., Junninen, H., Pullinen, I., Springer, M., Rubach, F., Tillmann, R., Lee, B., Lopez- Hilfiker, F., Andres, S., Acir, I.-H., Rissanen, M., Jokinen, T., Schobesberger, S., Kangasluoma, J., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Kurtén, T., Nielsen, L. B., Jørgensen, S., Kjaergaard, H. G., Canagaratna, M., Dal Maso, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Wahner, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Wildt, J., and Mentel, T. F.: A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol, Nature, 506, 476-479, 2014.
19. Fountoukis, C., Megaritis, A. G., Skyllakou, K., Charalampidis, P. E., Pilinis, C., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Crippa, M., Canonaco, F., Mohr, C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Allan, J. D., Poulain, L., Petäjä, T., Tiitta, P., Carbone, S., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Nemitz, E., O'Dowd, C., Swietlicki, E., and Pandis, S. N.: Organic aerosol concentration and composition over Europe: insights from comparison of regional model predictions with aerosol mass spectrometer factor analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9061-9076, doi:10.5194/acp-14-9061-2014, 2014.
20. Hall IV, W. A., Pennington, M. R., and Johnston, M. V.: Molecular transformations accompanying the aging of laboratory secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 2230-2237, 2013.
21. Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler- Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155- 009, 2009.
22. Hamilton, J. F., Rami Alfarra, M., Wyche, K. P., Ward, M. W., Lewis, A. C., McFiggans, G. B., Good, N., Monks, P. S., Carr, T., White, I. R., and Purvis, R. M.: Investigating the use of secondary organic aerosol as seed particles in simulation chamber experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5917-5929, doi:10.5194/acp-11-5917-2011, 2011.
23. Heald, C. L., Kroll, J. H., Jimenez, J. L., Docherty, K. S., De- Carlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Chen, Q., Martin, S. T., Farmer, D. K., and Artaxo, P.: A simplified description of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08803, doi:10.1029/2010GL042737, 2010.
24. Henry, K. and Donahue, N.: Photochemical aging of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol: effects of OH radical sources and photolysis, J. Phys. Chem.-US, 116, 5932-5940, 2012.
25. Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., and Pandis, S. N.: High formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of toluene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2973-2986, doi:10.5194/acp-9-2973-2009, 2009.
26. Hunter, J. F., Carrasquillo, A. J., Daumit, K. E., and Kroll, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from acyclic, monocyclic, and polycyclic alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 10227-10234, 2014.
27. Jang, M., Carroll, B., Chandramouli, B., and Kamens, R. M., Particle Growth By Acid-Catalyzed Heterogeneous Reactions of Organic Carbonyls on Preexisting Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3828-3837, 2003.
28. Jayne, J. T., Leard, D. C., Zhang, X., Davidovits, P., Smith, K. A., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Development of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Size and Composition Analysis of Submicron Particles, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 33, 49-70, 2000.
29. Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529, 2009.
30. Jo, D. S., Park, R. J., Kim, M. J., and Spracklen, D. V.: Effects of chemical aging on global secondary organic aerosol using the volatility basis set approach, Atmos. Environ., 81, 230-244, 2013.
31. Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
32. Kang, E., Root, M. J., Toohey, D. W., and Brune, W. H.: Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5727-5744, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5727-2007, 2007.
33. Kang, E., Toohey, D. W., and Brune, W. H.: Dependence of SOA oxidation on organic aerosol mass concentration and OH exposure: experimental PAM chamber studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1837-1852, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1837-2011, 2011.
34. Keller, A. and Burtscher, H.: A continuous photo-oxidation flow reactor for a defined measurement of the SOA formation potential of wood burning emissions, J. Aerosol Sci., 49, 9-20, 2012.
35. Kroll, J., Ng, N., Murphy, S., Flagan, R., and Seinfeld, J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 1869-1877, 2006.
36. Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., andWorsnop, D. R.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nature Chemistry, 3, 133-139, 2011.
37. Lambe, A. T., Ahern, A. T., Williams, L. R., Slowik, J. G., Wong, J. P. S., Abbatt, J. P. D., Brune, W. H., Ng, N. L., Wright, J. P., Croasdale, D. R., Worsnop, D. R., Davidovits, P., and Onasch, T. B.: Characterization of aerosol photooxidation flow reactors: heterogeneous oxidation, secondary organic aerosol formation and cloud condensation nuclei activity measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 445-461, doi:10.5194/amt-4-445-2011, 2011a.
38. Lambe, A. T., Onasch, T. B., Massoli, P., Croasdale, D. R., Wright, J. P., Ahern, A. T., Williams, L. R., Worsnop, D. R., Brune,W. H., and Davidovits, P.: Laboratory studies of the chemical composition and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and oxidized primary organic aerosol (OPOA), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8913-8928, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8913-2011, 2011b.
39. Lambe, A. T., Onasch, T. B., Croasdale, D. R., Wright, J. P., Martin, A. T., Franklin, J. P., Massoli, P., Kroll, J. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Brune,W. H.,Worsnop, D. R., and Davidovits, P.: Transitions from functionalization to fragmentation reactions of laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) generated from the OH oxidation of alkane precursors, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 5430-5437, 2012.
40. Lambe, A. T., Cappa, C. D., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Forestieri, S. D., Martin, A. T., Cummings, M. J., Croasdale, D. R., Brune, W. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Davidovits, P.: Relationship between oxidation level and optical properties of secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 5430-5437, 2013.
41. Levin, E. J. T., Prenni, A. J., Palm, B. B., Day, D. A., Campuzano- Jost, P., Winkler, P. M., Kreidenweis, S. M., DeMott, P. J., Jimenez, J. L., and Smith, J. N.: Size-resolved aerosol composition and its link to hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2657-2667, doi:10.5194/acp-14-2657-2014, 2014.
42. Li, Y. P., Elbern, H., Lu, K. D., Friese, E., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Mentel, Th. F., Wang, X. S., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y. H.: Updated aerosol module and its application to simulate secondary organic aerosols during IMPACT campaign May 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6289-6304, doi:10.5194/acp-13-6289-2013, 2013.
43. Li, R., Palm, B. B., Ortega, A. M., Hlywiak, J., Hu, W., Peng, Z., Day, D. A., Knote, C., Brune, W. H., de Gouw, J. A., Jimenez, J. L.: Modeling the radical chemistry in an Oxidation Flow Reactor: radical formation and recycling, sensitivities, and OH exposure calibration equation, J. Phys. Chem. A., submitted, 2015.
44. Loza, C. L., Chhabra, P. S., Yee, L. D., Craven, J. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical aging of m-xylene secondary organic aerosol: laboratory chamber study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 151-167, doi:10.5194/acp-12-151-2012, 2012.
45. Loza, C. L., Craven, J. S., Yee, L. D., Coggon, M. M., Schwantes, R. H., Shiraiwa, M., Zhang, X., Schilling, K. A., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Ziemann, P. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol yields of 12-carbon alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1423-1439, doi:10.5194/acp-14-1423-2014, 2014.
46. Mao, J., Ren, X., Brune, W. H., Olson, J. R., Crawford, J. H., Fried, A., Huey, L. G., Cohen, R. C., Heikes, B., Singh, H. B., Blake, D. R., Sachse, G. W., Diskin, G. S., Hall, S. R., and Shetter, R. E.: Airborne measurement of OH reactivity during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 163-173, doi:10.5194/acp-9-163-2009, 2009.
47. Marcolli., C., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Bahreini, R., de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Roberts, J. M., Meagher, J. F., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., and Middlebrook, A. M.: Cluster Analysis of the Organic Peaks in Bulk Mass Spectra Obtained During the 2002 New England Air Quality Study with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5649-5666, doi:10.5194/acp-6-5649-2006, 2006.
48. Massoli, P., Lambe, A. T., Ahern, A. T., Williams, L. R., Ehn, M., Mikkilä, J., Canagaratna, M. R., Brune, W. H., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., Kolb, C. E., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop, D. R.: Relationship between aerosol oxidation level and hygroscopic properties of laboratory generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24801, doi:10.1029/2010GL045258, 2010.
49. Matsunaga, A. and Ziemann, P.: Gas-wall partitioning of organic compounds in a teflon film chamber and potential effects on reaction product and aerosol yield measurements, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44, 881-892, 2010.
50. Mei, F., Setyan, A., Zhang, Q., and Wang, J.: CCN activity of organic aerosols observed downwind of urban emissions during CARES, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12155-12169, doi:10.5194/acp-13-12155-2013, 2013.
51. Moore, R., Raatikainen, T., Langridge, J., Bahreini, R., Brock, C., Holloway, J., Lack, D., Middlebrook, A., Perring, A., Schwarz, J., Spackman, J., and Nenes, A.: CCN spectra, hygroscopicity, and droplet activation kinetics of secondary organic aerosol resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 3093-3100, 2012.
52. Murphy, D. M., Middlebrook, A. M., and Warshawsky, M.: Cluster Analysis of Data from the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) Instrument, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 37, 382-391, 2003.
53. x level on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of terpenes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5159-5174, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5159-2007, 2007.
54. Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Tian, J., Ulbrich, I. M., Kroll, J. H., Docherty, K. S., Chhabra, P. S., Bahreini, R., Murphy, S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Lanz, V. A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Worsnop, D. R.: Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4625-4641, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010, 2010.
55. Offenberg, J., Lewandowski, M., Edney, E., Kleindienst, T., and Jaoui, M.: Influence of aerosol acidity on the formation of secondary organic aerosol from biogenic precursor hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7742-7747, 2009.
56. Ofner, J., Krüger, H.-U., and Zetzsch, C.: Time Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Formation and Processing of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Z. Phys. Chem., 224, 1171-1183, 2010.
57. Ortega, A. M., Day, D. A., Cubison, M. J., Brune, W. H., Bon, D., de Gouw, J. A., and Jimenez, J. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation and primary organic aerosol oxidation from biomass-burning smoke in a flow reactor during FLAMEAtmos. 3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11551-11571, doi:10.5194/acp-13-11551-2013, 2013.
58. Pfaffenberger, L., Barmet, P., Slowik, J. G., Praplan, A. P., Dommen, J., Prévôt, A. S. H., and Baltensperger, U.: The link between organic aerosol mass loading and degree of oxygenation: an α- pinene photooxidation study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6493-6506, doi:10.5194/acp-13-6493-2013, 2013.
59. Pierce, J. R., Engelhart, G. J., Hildebrandt, L., Weitkamp, E. A., Pathak, R. K., Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., Adams, P. J., and Pandis, S. N.: Constraining particle evolution from wall losses, coagulation, and condensation-evaporation in smogchamber experiments: optimal estimation based on size distribution measurements, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42, 1001-1015, 2008.
60. Presto, A. and Donahue, N.: Investigation of α-pinene+ ozone secondary organic aerosol formation at low total aerosol mass, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3536-3543, 2006.
61. x concentration, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7046-7054, 2005.
62. Renbaum, L. H. and Smith, G. D.: Artifacts in measuring aerosol uptake kinetics: the roles of time, concentration and adsorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6881-6893, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6881-2011, 2011.
63. Saleh, R., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Time scales for gas-particle partitioning equilibration of secondary organic aerosol formed from α-pinene ozonolysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5588-5594, 2013.
64. Seinfeld, J. H., and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 2 Edn., J.Wiley, New York, 2006.
65. Shrivastava, M., Fast, J., Easter, R., Gustafson Jr., W. I., Zaveri, R. A., Jimenez, J. L., Saide, P., and Hodzic, A.: Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: comparison of simple and complex representations of the volatility basis set approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6639-6662, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6639-2011, 2011.
66. Sihto, S.-L., Mikkilä, J., Vanhanen, J., Ehn, M., Liao, L., Lehtipalo, K., Aalto, P. P., Duplissy, J., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.- M., Boy, M., and Kulmala, M.: Seasonal variation of CCN concentrations and aerosol activation properties in boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13269-13285, doi:10.5194/acp-11- 13269-2011, 2011.
67. Slowik, J. G., Wong, J. P. S., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Real-time, controlled OH-initiated oxidation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9775-9790, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9775-2012, 2012.
68. Spracklen, D. V., Jimenez, J. L., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Evans, M. J., Mann, G. W., Zhang, Q., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Rap, A., and Forster, P.: Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12109-12136, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12109-2011, 2011.
69. Surratt, J. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5363-5369, 2007.
70. Tkacik, D. S., Presto, A. A., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from intermediate-volatility organic compounds: cyclic, linear, and branched alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8773-8781, 2012.
71. Tkacik, D. S., Lambe, A. T., Jathar, S.,Li, X.,Presto, A. A., Zhao, Y., Blake, D. R., Meinardi, S., Jayne, J. T., Croteau, P. L., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from in-use motor vehicle emissions using a Potential Aerosol Mass reactor, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11235-11242, 2014.
72. Volkamer, R., Ziemann, P. J., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Acetylene (C2 H2) : seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1907-1928, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1907-2009, 2009.
73. Wang, B., Lambe, A., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Knopf, D. A.: The deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing potential of amorphous secondary organic aerosol: pathways for ice and mixed-phase cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16209, doi:10.1029/2012JD018063, 2012.
74. Wong, J. P. S., Lee, A. K. Y., Slowik, J. G., Cziczo, D. J., Leaitch, W. R., Macdonald, A., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Oxidation of ambient biogenic secondary organic aerosol by hydroxyl radicals: effects on cloud condensation nuclei activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22805, doi:10.1029/2011GL049351, 2011.
75. Zhang, Q., Alfarra, M., Worsnop, D., Allan, J., Coe, H., Canagaratna, M., and Jimenez, J.: Deconvolution and quantification of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols based on aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4938-4952, 2005.
76. Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/2007GL029979, 2007.
77. Zhang, X., Lin, Y.-H., Surratt, J. D., Zotter, P, Prévôt, A. S. H., and Weber, R. J.: Light-absorbing soluble organic aerosol in Los Angeles and Atlanta: a contrast in secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21810, doi:10.1029/2011GL049385, 2011.
78. Zhang, X., Cappa, C. D., Jathar, S. H., McVay, R. C., Ensberg, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Influence of vapor wall loss in laboratory chambers on yields of secondary organic aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 5802-5807, 2014.