Elemental analysis of chamber organic aerosol using an aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 4111-4131

  Chhabra, P S ^a   Flagan, R C ^a,b   Seinfeld, J H ^a,b  

^a California Institute of Technology   (United States)

^b California Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ISOPRENE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN OXIDES; OXYGENATION; OZONE; PHOTOOXIDATION; SPECTRAL RESOLUTION;

EID: 77951966624     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-4111-2010     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Elemental analysis of organic species with electron ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 79, 8350-8358, doi:10.1021/Ac071150w, 2007. (Pubitemid 350060037)
2. Aiken, A. C., Decarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kim-mel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., North-way, M., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M. R., Onasch, T. B., Al-farra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Met-zger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. L.: O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478-4485, doi:10.1021/Es703009q, 2008. (Pubitemid 351842394)
3. Aiken, A. C., Salcedo, D., Cubison, M. J., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Ulbrich, I. M., Docherty, K. S., Sueper, D., Kimmel, J. R., Worsnop, D. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J., Volkamer, R. M., Fortner, E., de Foy, B., Wang, J., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Gaffney, J., Marley, N. A., Paredes-Miranda, G., Arnott, W. P., Molina, L. T., Sosa, G., and Jimenez, J. L.: Mexico City aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0)-Part 1: Fine particle composition and organic source apportionment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6633-6653, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/6633/2009/.
4. Allan, J. D., Delia, A. E., Coe, H., Bower, K. N., Alfarra, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Middlebrook, A. M., Drewnick, F., Onasch, T. B., Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnopf, D. R.: A generalised method for the extraction of chemically resolved mass spectra from aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer data, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 909-922, doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.02.007, 2004. (Pubitemid 38953786)
5. Alvarez, E. G., Viidanoja, J., Munoz, A., Wirtz, K., and Hjorth, J.: Experimental confirmation of the dicarbonyl route in the photo-oxidation of toluene and benzene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 8362-8369, doi:10.1021/ Es0713274, 2007. (Pubitemid 350276442)
6. Atkinson, R., Aschmann, S. M., Arey, J., Zielinska, B., and Schuet-zle, D.: Gas-phase atmospheric chemistry of 1-Nitronaphthalene and 2-Nitronaphthalene and 1,4-Naphthoquinone, Atmos. Environ., 23, 2679-2690, 1989.
7. Bahreini, R., Keywood, M. D., Ng, N. L., Varutbangkul, V., Gao, S., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Measurements of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of cycloalkenes, terpenes, and m-xylene using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5674-5688, doi:10.1021/Es048061a, 2005.
8. Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Jenkin, M. E., Volkamer, R., Bloss, W. J., Lee, J. D., Heard, D. E., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., Rea, G., Wenger, J. C., and Pilling, M. J.: Development of a detailed chemical mechanism (MCMv3.1) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 641-664, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/641/2005/.
9. Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Jimenez, J. L., Allan, J. D., Al-farra, M. R., Zhang, Q., Onasch, T. B., Drewnick, F., Coe, H., Middlebrook, A., Delia, A., Williams, L. R., Trimborn, A. M., Northway, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Kolb, C. E., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop, D. R.: Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 185-222, doi:10.1002/Mas.20115, 2007. (Pubitemid 46491711)
10. Chan, A. W. H., Kautzman, K. E., Chhabra, P. S., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Crounse, J. D., Kürten, A., Wennberg, P. O., Fla-gan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes: implications for oxidation of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3049-3060, 2009a, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3049/2009/.
11. Chan, M. N., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Surratt, J. D., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Modeling of secondary organic aerosol yields from laboratory chamber data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5669-5680, 2009b, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/9/5669/2009/.
12. Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Pashyn-ska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene, Science, 303, 1173-1176, 2004.
13. Cocker, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: State-of-the-art chamber facility for studying atmospheric aerosol chemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2594-2601, doi:10.1021/Es0019169, 2001.
14. Crable, G. F. and Coggeshall, N. D.: Application of total ionization principles to mass spectrometric analysis, Anal. Chem., 30, 310-313, 1958.
15. DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281-8289, doi:10.1021/Ac061249n, 2006. (Pubitemid 44927604)
16. DeCarlo, P. F., Dunlea, E. J., Kimmel, J. R., Aiken, A. C., Sueper, D., Crounse, J., Wennberg, P. O., Emmons, L., Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A., Zhou, J., Tomlinson, J., Collins, D. R., Knapp, D., Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., Campos, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Fast airborne aerosol size and chemistry measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4027-4048, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/4027/ 2008/.
17. 3, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4049-4059, 2005.
18. x photooxidation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13805, doi:10.1029/2006gl026523, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945965)
19. Drewnick, F., Hings, S. S., DeCarlo, P., Jayne, J. T., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Weimer, S., Jimenez, J. L., Demerjian, K. L., Borrmann, S., and Worsnop, D. R.: A new time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS)-instrument description and first field deployment, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 637-658, doi:10.1080/02786820500182040, 2005. (Pubitemid 41318222)
20. Dzepina, K., Volkamer, R. M., Madronich, S., Tulet, P., Ulbrich, I. M., Zhang, Q., Cappa, C. D., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Evaluation of recently-proposed secondary organic aerosol models for a case study in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5681-5709, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/ 5681/2009/.
21. Farmer, D. K., Matsunaga, A., Docherty, K. S., Surratt, J. D., Seinfeld, J. H., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Response of an aerosol mass spectrometer to organonitrates and organosulfates and implications for atmospheric chemistry, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., doi:10.1073/pnas.0912340107, 2010.
22. Fisseha, R., Dommen, J., Sax, M., Paulsen, D., Kalberer, M., Mau-rer, R., Hofler, F., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Identification of organic acids in secondary organic aerosol and the corresponding gas phase from chamber experiments, Anal. Chem., 76, 6535-6540, doi:10.1021/Ac048975f, 2004. (Pubitemid 39507241)
23. Fratzke, A. R. and Reilly, P. J.: Thermodynamic and kinetic-analysis of the dimerization of aqueous glyoxal, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 18, 775-789, 1986.
24. Galloway, M. M., Chhabra, P. S., Chan, A. W. H., Surratt, J. D., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and Keutsch, F. N.: Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3331-3345, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3331/2009/.
25. Gao, S., Keywood, M., Ng, N. L., Surratt, J., Varutbangkul, V., Bahreini, R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Low-molecular-weight and oligomeric components in secondary organic aerosol from the ozonolysis of cycloalkenes and alpha-pinene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 10147-10164, doi:10.1021/Jp047466e, 2004.
26. Glasius, M., Lahaniati, M., Calogirou, A., Di Bella, D., Jensen, N. R., Hjorth, J., Kotzias, D., and Larsen, B. R.: Car-boxylic acids in secondary aerosols from oxidation of cyclic monoterpenes by ozone, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 1001-1010, 2000.
27. Gómez-González, Y., Surratt, J. D., Cuyckens, F., Szmigielski, R., Vermeylen, R., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Blockhuys, F., Van Alsenoy, C., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Characterization of organosul-fates from the photooxidation of isoprene and unsaturated fatty acids in ambient aerosol using liquid chromatography/(-) elec-trospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 43, 371-382, doi:10.1002/Jms.1329, 2008. (Pubitemid 351373937)
28. Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, T. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigiel-ski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5235, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/5155/2009/.
29. Hamilton, J. F., Lewis, A. C., Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Henderson, A. P., Golding, B. T., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., and Pilling, M. J.: Measurements of photo-oxidation products from the reaction of a series of alkyl-benzenes with hydroxyl radicals during EXACT using comprehensive gas chromatography, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1999-2014, 2003, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/1999/2003/.
30. Hamilton, J. F., Webb, P. J., Lewis, A. C., and Re-viejo, M. M.: Quantifying small molecules in secondary organic aerosol formed during the photo-oxidation of toluene with hydroxyl radicals, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7263-7275, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.006, 2005.
31. Heaton, K. J., Dreyfus, M. A., Wang, S., and Johnston, M. V.: Oligomers in the early stage of biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation and growth, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6129-6136, doi:10.1021/Es070314n, 2007. (Pubitemid 47394991)
32. Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Mohr, C., Cubison, M. J., Ul-brich, I. M., Ziemann, P. J., Onasch, T. B., and Jimenez, J. L.: Chemically-resolved volatility measurements of organic aerosol from different sources, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5351-5357, doi:10.1021/Es803539d, 2009.
33. Iinuma, Y., Boge, O., Gnauk, T., and Herrmann, H.: Aerosol-chamber study of the alpha-pinene/O-3 reaction: influence of particle acidity on aerosol yields and products, Atmos. Environ., 38, 761-773, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003. 10.015, 2004. (Pubitemid 37550048)
34. Ip, H. S. S., Huang, X. H. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Effective Henry's law constants of glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, and glycolic acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01802, doi:10.1029/2008gl036212, 2009.
35. Jang, M. and Kamens, R. M.: Newly characterized products and composition of secondary aerosols from the reaction of alpha-pinene with ozone, Atmos. Environ., 33, 459-474, 1999.
36. x and 1-propene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 3626-3639, doi:10.1021/Es010676+, 2001.
37. Jayne, J. T., Leard, D. C., Zhang, X. F., Davidovits, P., Smith, K. A., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer for size and composition analysis of submi-cron particles, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 33, 49-70, 2000.
38. Jimenez, J. L., Jayne, J. T., Shi, Q., Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., Yourshaw, I., Seinfeld, J. H., Flagan, R. C., Zhang, X. F., Smith, K. A., Morris, J. W., and Davidovits, P.: Ambient aerosol sampling using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D7), 8425, doi:10.1029/2001jd001213, 2003.
39. Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Pre-vot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. D., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laakso-nen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cot-trell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kim-mel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trim-born, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Kolb, C. E., Mid-dlebrook, A. M., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326(5959), 1525-1529, doi:10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
40. Kalberer, M., Paulsen, D., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Dommen, J., Prevot, A. S. H., Fisseha, R., Weingartner, E., Frankevich, V., Zenobi, R., and Baltensperger, U.: Identification of polymers as major components of atmospheric organic aerosols, Science, 303, 1659-1662, 2004.
41. Kautzman, K. E., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Chan, A. W. H., Hersey, S. P., Chhabra, P. S., Dalleska, N. F., Wennberg, P. O., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical composition of gas-and aerosol-phase products from the photooxidation of naphthalene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114(2), 913-934, doi:1021/jp908530s, 2010.
42. Keywood, M. D., Kroll, J. H., Varutbangkul, V., Bahreini, R., Fla-gan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from cyclohexene ozonolysis: effect of OH scavenger and the role of radical chemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 3343-3350, doi:10.1021/Es049725j, 2004.
43. Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Lewis, C. W., Bhave, P. V., and Edney, E. O.: Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location, At-mos. Env., 41, 8288-8300, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv. 2007.06.045, 2007. (Pubitemid 350101314)
44. x, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6541-6558, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/6541/2009/.
45. Koch, S., Winterhalter, R., Uherek, E., Kolloff, A., Neeb, P., and Moortgat, G. K.: Formation of new particles in the gas-phase ozonolysis of monoterpenes, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4031-4042, 2000.
46. Kroll, J. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol: Formation and evolution of low-volatility or-ganics in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3593-3624, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.003, 2008.
47. Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Murphy, S. M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from iso-prene photooxidation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 1869-1877, doi:10.1021/Es0524301, 2006.
48. Kroll, J. H., Smith, J. D., Che, D. L., Kessler, S. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Wilson, K. R.: Measurement of fragmentation and func-tionalization pathways in the heterogeneous oxidation of oxidized organic aerosol, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8005-8014, doi:10.1039/B905289e, 2009.
49. Kua, J., Hanley, S. W., and De Haan, D. O.: Thermodynamics and kinetics of glyoxal dimer formation: a computational study, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 66-72, doi:10.1021/Jp076573g, 2008. (Pubitemid 351169863)
50. Lanz, V. A., Alfarra, M. R., Baltensperger, U., Buchmann, B., Hueglin, C., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Source apportionment of sub-micron organic aerosols at an urban site by factor analytical modelling of aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1503-1522, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/7/1503/2007/.
51. Lee, M. H., Heikes, B. G., and O'Sullivan, D. W.: Hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide in the troposphere: a review, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3475-3494, 2000.
52. Loeffler, K. W., Koehler, C. A., Paul, N. M., and De Haan, D. O.: Oligomer formation in evaporating aqueous glyoxal and methyl glyoxal solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6318-6323, doi:10.1021/Es060810w, 2006. (Pubitemid 44630895)
53. 3 radical, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2051-2060, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2051/2009/.
54. Mohr, C., Huffman, J. A., Cubison, M. J., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Kimmel, J. R., Ulbricht, I. M., Hannigan, M., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of primary organic aerosol emissions from meat cooking, trash burning, and motor vehicles with high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry and comparison with ambient and chamber observations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2443-2449, doi:10.1021/Es8011518, 2009.
55. Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Keywood, M. D., Bahreini, R., Varut-bangkul, V., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Lee, A., and Goldstein, A. H.: Contribution of first-versus second-generation products to secondary organic aerosols formed in the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2283-2297, doi:10.1021/Es052269u, 2006.
56. Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909-3922, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/7/3909/2007/. 7.
57. Reinhardt, A., Emmenegger, C., Gerrits, B., Panse, C., Dommen, J., Baltensperger, U., Zenobi, R., and Kalberer, M.: Ultrahigh mass resolution and accurate mass measurements as a tool to characterize oligomers in secondary organic aerosols, Anal. Chem., 79, 4074-4082, doi:10.1021/Ac062425v, 2007. (Pubitemid 46903156)
58. x, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8040-8047, doi:10.1039/B909239k, 2009.
59. Roberts, J. M. and Fajer, R. W.: Uv absorption cross-sections of organic nitrates of potential atmospheric importance and estimation of atmospheric lifetimes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 945-951, 1989.
60. Rollins, A. W., Fry, J. L., Hunter, J. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Singaram, S. W., and Cohen, R. C.: Elemental analysis of aerosol organic nitrates with electron ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 301-310, 2010, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/301/2010/.
61. x conditions, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6851-6861, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.010, 2008.
62. x dependence of chemical composition, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 9796-9808, doi:10.1021/Jp071419f, 2007. (Pubitemid 47598286)
63. Sato, K., Takami, A., Isozaki, T., Hikida, T., Shimono, A., and Imamura, T.: Mass spectrometric study of secondary organic aerosol formed from the photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1080-1087, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.013, 2010.
64. Shilling, J. E., Chen, Q., King, S. M., Rosenoern, T., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., DeCarlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Sueper, D., Jimenez, J. L., and Martin, S. T.: Loading-dependent elemental composition of α-pinene SOA particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 771-782, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/ 9/771/2009/.
65. Smith, J. D., Kroll, J. H., Cappa, C. D., Che, D. L., Liu, C. L., Ahmed, M., Leone, S. R., Worsnop, D. R., and Wilson, K. R.: The heterogeneous reaction of hydroxyl radicals with sub-micron squalane particles: a model system for understanding the oxidative aging of ambient aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3209-3222, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3209/2009/.
66. Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Macdonald, A. M., Hayden, K., Li, S. M., Lig-gio, J., Liu, P. S. K., Anlauf, K. G., Leaitch, W. R., Steffen, A., Cubison, M., Worsnop, D. R., van Donkelaar, A., and Martin, R. V.: Size-resolved aerosol chemistry on Whistler Mountain, Canada with a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3095-3111, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3095/2009/.
67. Surratt, J. D., Murphy, S. M., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Hildebrandt, L., Sorooshian, A., Szmigielski, R., Vermeylen, R., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol formed from the pho-tooxidation of isoprene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 9665-9690, doi:10.1021/Jp061734m, 2006. (Pubitemid 44318455)
68. Surratt, J. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Jaoui, M., Klein-dienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5363-5369, doi:10.1021/Es0704176, 2007. (Pubitemid 47221756)
69. Surratt, J. D., Gómez-Gónzalez, Y., Chan, A. W. H., Vermeylen, R., Shahgholi, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M., Fla-gan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Organosulfate formation in bio-genic secondary organic aerosol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 8345-8378, doi:10.1021/jp802310p, 2008.
70. Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W. H., Eddingsaas, N. C., Chan, M. N., Loza, C. L., Kwan, A. J., Hersey, S. P., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107(15), 6640-6645, doi10.1073/pnas. 0911114107, 2010.
71. Szmigielski, R., Surratt, J. D., Vermeylen, R., Szmigielska, K., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Murphy, S. M., Sorooshian, A., Seinfeld, J. H., and Claeys, M.: Characterization of 2-methylglyceric acid oligomers in secondary organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of isoprene using trimethylsilylation and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 42, 101-116, doi:10.1002/Jms.1146, 2007.
72. Takegawa, N., Miyakawa, T., Kawamura, K., and Kondo, Y.: Contribution of selected dicarboxylic and omega-oxocarboxylic acids in ambient aerosol to the m/z 44 signal of an aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 418-437, doi:10.1080/02786820701203215, 2007. (Pubitemid 46393087)
73. Tolocka, M. P., Heaton, K. J., Dreyfus, M. A., Wang, S. Y., Zor-dan, C. A., Saul, T. D., and Johnston, M. V.: Chemistry of particle inception and growth during α-pinene ozonolysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 1843-1848, doi:10.1021/Es051926f, 2006.
74. Ulbrich, I. M., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2891-2918, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2891/2009/.
75. Volkamer, R., Martini, F. S., Molina, L. T., Salcedo, D., Jimenez, J. L., and Molina, M. J.: A missing sink for gas-phase glyoxal in Mexico City: formation of secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13805, doi:10.1029/2007gl030752, 2007. (Pubitemid 350263040)
76. 2): seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1907-1928, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1907/2009/.
77. Walser, M. L., Desyaterik, Y., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of secondary organic aerosol produced by ozonation of limonene, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 1009-1022, doi:10.1039/B712620d, 2008.
78. Wang, W., Kourtchev, I., Graham, B., Cafmeyer, J., Maen-haut, W., and Claeys, M.: Characterization of oxygenated derivatives of isoprene related to 2-methyltetrols in Amazonian aerosols using trimethylsilylation and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 19, 1343-1351, doi:10.1002/Rcm.1940, 2005. (Pubitemid 40728149)
79. Whipple, E. B.: Structure of glyoxal in water, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92, 7183, doi:10.1021/ja00727a027, 1970.
80. Yu, J. Z., Cocker, D. R., Griffin, R. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas-phase ozone oxidation of monoterpenes: gaseous and particulate products, J. Atmos. Chem., 34, 207-258, 1999.
81. Zhang, Q., Alfarra, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Deconvolution and quantification of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols based on aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4938-4952, doi:10.1021/Es048568l, 2005a. (Pubitemid 40966720)
82. Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights into sources and processes of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3289-3311, 2005b, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/3289/2005/. (Pubitemid 43085629)
83. Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middle-brook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demer-jian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/ 2007gl029979, 2007. (Pubitemid 47399659)