Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Acetylene (C2H 2): Seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1907-1928

  Volkamer, R ^a,b   Ziemann, P J ^c   Molina, M J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLENE; ACIDIFICATION; AEROSOL; AMINO ACID; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CLOUD DROPLET; ORGANIC CARBON; OXIDATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; SULFURIC ACID; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 80051980819     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-1907-2009     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M. R., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. L.: O/C and OM/OC Ratios of Primary, Secondary, and Ambient Organic Aerosols with High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478-4485, 2008. (Pubitemid 351842394)
2. Altieri, K. E., Turpin, B. J., and Seitzinger, S. P.: Oligomers, organosulfates, and nitroxy organosulfates in rainwater identified by ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 17439-17466, 2008a,http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/17439/ 2008/.
3. Altieri, K. E., Seitzinger, S. P., Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Klein, G. C., and Marshall, A. G.: Oligomers formed through in-cloud methylglyoxal reactions: Chemical composition, properties, and mechanisms investigated by ultra-high resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1476-1490, 2008b.
4. Ansari, A. S. and Pandis, S. N.: Water absorption by secondary organic aerosol and its effect an inorganic aerosol behavior, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 71-77, 2000. (Pubitemid 30030732)
5. Bahreini, R., Keywood, M. D., Ng, N. L., Varutbangkul, V., Gao, S., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H.,Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Measurements of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of cycloalkenes, terpenes, and m-xylene using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5674-5688, 2005.
6. Baker, J., Arey, J., and Atkinson, R.: Formation and reaction of hydroxycarbonyls from the reaction of OH radicals with 1,3- butadiene and isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4091-4099,2005.
7. Barnard, J. C., Volkamer, R., and Kassianov, E. I.: Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6665-6679, 2008,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/6665/2008/.
8. Barsanti, K. C. and Pankow, J. F.: Thermodynamics of the formation of atmospheric organic particulate matter by accretion reactions - 2. Dialdehydes, methylglyoxal, and diketones, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6597-6607, 2005. (Pubitemid 41423691)
9. Bench, G., Fallon, S., Schichtel, B., Malm, W., and McDade, C.: Relative contributions of fossil and contemporary carbon sources to PM2.5 aerosols at nine Interagency Monitoring for Protection of Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network sites, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10205, doi:10.1029/2006JD007708, 2007. (Pubitemid 47193632)
10. Blando, J. D. and Turpin, B. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud and fog droplets: a literature evaluation of plausibility, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1623-1632, 2000. (Pubitemid 30109428)
11. Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Jenkin, M. E., Volkamer, R., Bloss, W. J., Lee, J. D., Heard, D. E., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., Rea, G., Wenger, J. C., and Pilling, M. J.: Development of a detailed chemical mechanism (MCMv3.1) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 641-664, 2005,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/641/2005/. (Pubitemid 40479132)
12. Bowman, F. M. and Melton, J. A.: Effect of activity coefficient models on predictions of secondary organic aerosol partitioning, J. Aerosol. Sci., 35, 1415-1438, 2004. (Pubitemid 39551017)
13. Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Altieri, K. E., Seitzinger, S., Reff, A., Lim, H. J., and Ervens, B.: Atmospheric oxalic acid and SOA production from glyoxal: Results of aqueous photooxidation experimens, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7588-7602, 2007. (Pubitemid 350064570)
14. Chan, M. N., Choi, M. Y., Ng, N. L., and Chan, C. K.: Hygroscopicity of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols: Amino acids and biomass burning derived organic species, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1555-1562, 2005. (Pubitemid 40387709)
15. Chang, E. I. and Pankow, J. F.: Prediction of activity coefficients in liquid aerosol particles containing organic compounds, dissolved inorganic salts, and water - Part 2: Consideration of phase separation effects by an X-UNIFAC model, Atmos. Environ., 40, 6422-6436, 2006. (Pubitemid 44332996)
16. Chung, S. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Global distribution and climate forcing of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4407, doi:10.1029/ 2001JD001397, 2002. (Pubitemid 43206212)
17. Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G.,Wang,W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene, Science, 303, 1173-1176, 2004. (Pubitemid 38233578)
18. Cocker, D. R., Clegg, S. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol. Part I: alpha-pinene/ozone system, Atmos. Environ., 35, 6049-6072, 2001a. (Pubitemid 33041385)
19. Cocker, D. R., Mader, B. T., Kalberer, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol: II. m-xylene and 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene photooxidation systems, Atmos. Environ., 35, 6073-6085, 2001b. (Pubitemid 33041386)
20. Corrigan, A. L., Hanley, S. W., and de Haan, D. O.: Uptake of Glyoxal by Organic and Inorganic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4428-4433, 2008. (Pubitemid 351842386)
21. CRC Handbook: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, 2003.
22. de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warnecke, C., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Roberts, J. M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Psenny, A. A. P., Keene,W. C., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., and Bates, T. S.: The Budget of Organic Carbon in a Polluted Atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D16305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005623, 2005. (Pubitemid 41431133)
23. Dzepina, K., Volkamer, R. M., Madronich, S., Tulet, P., Ulbrich, I. M., Zhang, Q., Cappa, C. D., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Evaluation of new secondary organic aerosol models for a case study in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 4417-4488, 2009,http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/ 4417/2009/.
24. Ervens, B., Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Altieri, K. E., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Feingold, G.: Secondary organic aerosol yields from cloud-processing of isoprene oxidation products, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02816, doi:10.1029/2007GL031828, 2008. (Pubitemid 351392203)
25. Ervens, B., George, C., Williams, J. E., Buxton, G. V., Salmon, G. A., Bydder, M., Wilkinson, F., Dentener, F., Mirabel, P., Wolke, R., and Herrmann, H.: CAPRAM 2.4 (MODAC mechanism): An extended and condensed tropospheric aqueous phase mechanism and its application, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D14), 4426, doi:10.1029/2002JD002202, 2003.
26. Forstner, H. J. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons: Molecular composition, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1345-1358, 1997.
27. Fu, T. M., Jacob, D. J., Henze, D. K., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., and Vrekoussis, M.: Global Budgets of Atmospheric Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal, and Implications for Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15303, doi:10.1029/2007JD009505, 2008.
28. Fuzzi, S., Andreae, M. O., Huebert, B. J., Kulmala, M., Bond, T. C., Boy, M., Doherty, S. J., Guenther, A., Kanakidou, M., Kawamura, K., Kerminen, V.-M., Lohmann, U., Russell, L. M., and Pöschl, U.: Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2017-2038, 2006,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/ 2017/2006/. (Pubitemid 44198631)
29. Galloway, M. M., Chhabra, P. S., Chan, A. W. H., Surratt, J. D., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and Keutsch, F. N.: Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 20799-20838, 2008,http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/20799/2008/.
30. Gelencser, A., May, B., Simpson, D., Sanchez-Ochoa, A., Kasper-Giebl, A., Puxbaum, H., Caseiro, A., Pio, C., and Legrand, M.: Source apportionment of PM2.5 organic aerosol over Europe: Primary/secondary, natural/anthropogenic, and fossil/biogenic origin, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23S04, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD008094, 2007.
31. Griffin, R. J., Cocker, D. R., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Incremental aerosol reactivity: Application to aromatic and biogenic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2403-2408, 1999. (Pubitemid 29340086)
32. Griffin, R. J., Dabdub, D., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Development and initial evaluation of a dynamic species-resolved model for gas phase chemistry and size-resolved gas/particle partitioning associated with secondary organic aerosol formation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D05304, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD005219, 2005. (Pubitemid 40815062)
33. Hastings, W. P., Koehler, C. A., Bailey, E. L., and de Haan, D. O.: Secondary organic aerosol formation by glyoxal hydration and oligomer formation: Humidity effects and equilibrium shifts during analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8728-8735, 2005. (Pubitemid 41636140)
34. Hatakeyama, S., Washida, N., and Akimoto, H.: Rate Constants and Mechanisms for the Reaction of Oh (Od) Radicals with Acetylene, Propyne, and 2-Butyne in Air at 297+/?2 K, J. Phys. Chem., 90, 173-178, 1986.
35. Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Russel, L. M., Huebert, B. J., Seinfeld, J. H., Liao, H., and Weber, R. J.: A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023831, 2005. (Pubitemid 41582611)
36. Heald, C. L., Henze, D. K., Horowitz, L. W., Feddema, J., Lamarque, J. F., Guenther, A., Hess, P. G., Vitt, F., Seinfeld, J. H., Goldstein, A. H., and Fung, I.: Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05211, doi:10.1029/2007JD009092, 2008.
37. Heard, D. E. and Pilling, M. J.: Measurement of OH and HO2 in the troposphere, Chem. Rev., 103, 5163-5198, 2003.
38. Hennigan, C. J., Bergin, M. H., Russell, A. G., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Gas/particle partitioning of water-soluble organic aerosol in Atlanta, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 635-671, 2009,http://www.atmos-chem-phys- discuss.net/9/635/2009/.
39. Henze, D. K., Seinfeld, J. H., Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D. J., and Heald, C. L.: Global modeling of secondary organic aerosol formation from aromatic hydrocarbons: high- vs. low-yield pathways, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2405-2420, 2008,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/2405/2008/.
40. Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Aiken, A. C., Cubison, M. J., Ulbrich, I. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Chemically-resolved aerosol volatility measurements from two megacity field studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 2645-2697, 2009,http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/2645/2009/.
41. Hurley, M. D., Sokolov, O., Wallington, T. J., Takekawa, H., Karasawa, M., Klotz, B., Barnes, I., and Becker, K. H.: Organic aerosol formation during the atmospheric degradation of toluene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1358-1366, 2001.
42. Ip, H. S. S., Huang, X. H. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Effective Henry's Law Constant of Glyoxal, Glyoxylic Acid, and Glycolic Acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01802, doi:10.1029/2008GL036212, 2009.
43. Jang, M. S., Czoschke, N. M., Lee, S., and Kamens, R. M.: Heterogeneous Atmospheric Aerosol Production by Acid-Catalyzed Particle-Phase Reactions, Science, 298, 814-817, 2002. (Pubitemid 35231531)
44. Johnson, D., Utembe, S. R., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., Hayman, G. D., Alfarra, M. R., Coe, H., and McFiggans, G.: Simulating regional scale secondary organic aerosol formation during the TORCH 2003 campaign in the southern UK, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 403-418, 2006,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/403/2006/.
45. Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, 2005,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1053/ 2005/. (Pubitemid 40560480)
46. Kanakidou, M., Tsigaridis, K., Dentener, F. J., and Crutzen, P. J.: Human-activity-enhanced formation of organic aerosols by biogenic hydrocarbon oxidation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9243-9254
47. 2, Water Res., 31, 1383-1397, 1997. (Pubitemid 27222938)
48. Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21208, doi:10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004. (Pubitemid 40191167)
49. Kleeman, M. J. and Cass, G. R.: A 3D Eulerian source-oriented model for an externally mixed aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4834-4848, 2001. (Pubitemid 33144347)
50. Klinedinst, D. B. and Currie, L. A.: Direct quantification of PM2.5 fossil and biomass carbon within the Northern Front Range Air Quality Study's domain, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 4146-4154, 1999.
51. Koshy, K. T., Kaiser, D. G., and Vanderslik, A. L.: 0-(2,3,4,5,6- Pentafluorobenzyl)Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride As A Sensitive Derivatizing Agent for Electron-Capture Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Keto Steroids, J. Chromatog. Sci., 13, 97-104, 1975.
52. Kroll, J., Ng, N. L., Murphy, S. M., Varutbangkul, V., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chamber studies of secondary organic aerosol growth by reactive uptake of simple carbonyl compounds, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23207, doi:10.1029/2005JD006004, 2005. (Pubitemid 43141257)
53. Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Ng, N. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactions of semivolatile organics and their effects on secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 3545-3550, 2007. (Pubitemid 350067199)
54. Lack, D. A., Tie, X. X., Bofinger, N. D., Wiegand, A. N., and Madronich, S.: Seasonal variability of secondary organic aerosol: A global modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03203, doi:10.1029/2003JD003418, 2004.
55. Lanz, V. A., Alfarra, M. R., Baltensperger, U., Buchmann, B., Hueglin, C., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols at an urban site by factor analytical modelling of aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1503-1522, 2007,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/ 7/1503/2007/. (Pubitemid 46473948)
56. Liggio, J., Li, S.-M., and McLaren, R.: Reactive uptake of glyoxal by particulate matter, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005113, 2005a. (Pubitemid 40919776)
57. Liggio, J., Li, S. M., and McLaren, R.: Heterogeneous reactions of glyoxal on particulate matter: Identification of acetals and sulfate esters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1532-1541, 2005b. (Pubitemid 40387706)
58. Lim, H. J., Carlton, A. G., and Turpin, B. J.: Isoprene forms secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing: Model simulations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4441-4446, 2005.
59. Loeffler, K. W., Koehler, C. A., Paul, N. M., and de Haan, D. O.: Oligomer Formation in Evaporating Aqueous Glyoxal and Methyl Glyoxal Solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6318-6323, 2006. (Pubitemid 44630895)
60. Martin-Reviejo, M. and Wirtz, K.: Is benzene a precursor for secondary organic aerosol?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1045-1054, 2005.
61. Matsumoto, K. and Uematsu, M.: Free amino acids in marine aerosols over the western North Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Environ., 39, 2163-2170, 2005. (Pubitemid 40470378)
62. Matsunaga, A., and Ziemann, P. J.: Yields of b-Hydroxynitrates and Dihydroxynitrates in Aerosol Formed from OH Radical-Initiated Reactions of Linear Alkenes in the Presence of NOx, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 509-606, doi:10.1021/jp807764d, 2009.
63. Myriokefalitakis, S., Vrekoussis, M., Tsigaridis, K., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Brühl, C., Volkamer, R., Burrows, J. P., and Kanakidou, M.: The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4965-4981, 2008,http://www.atmos- chem-phys.net/8/4965/2008/.
64. Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909-3922, 2007,http://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/7/3909/2007/. (Pubitemid 47179570)
65. Noziere, B. and Cordova, A.: A kinetic and mechanistic study of the amino acid catalyzed aldol condensation of acetaldehyde in aqueous and salt solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 112, 2827-2837, 2008.
66. Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T. P. W., Griffin, R. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The atmospheric aerosol-forming potential of whole gasoline vapor, Science, 276, 96-99, 1997.
67. Offenberg, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., and Edney, E. O.: Thermal properties of secondary organic aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03816, doi:10.1029/2005GL024623, 2006.
68. Pandis, S. N., Harley, R. A., Cass, G. R., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Transport, Atmos. Environ., 26, 2269-2282, 1992. (Pubitemid 23372415)
69. Pankow, J. F.: An Absorption-Model of Gas-Particle Partitioning of Organic-Compounds in the Atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 28, 185-188, 1994a.
70. Pankow, J. F.: An Absorption-Model of the Gas Aerosol Partitioning Involved in the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 28, 189-193, 1994b.
71. Peng, C., Chan, M. N., and Chan, C. K.: The hygroscopic properties of dicarboxylic and multifunctional acids: Measurements and UNIFAC predictions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4495-4501, 2001. (Pubitemid 33070060)
72. Prinn, R. G., Huang, J., Weiss, R. F., Cunnold, D. M., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., McCulloch, A., Harth, C., Salameh, P., O'Doherty, S., Wang, R. H. J., Porter, L., and Miller, B. R.: Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades, Science, 292, 1882-1888, 2001. (Pubitemid 32538358)
73. Pun, B. K., Wu, S. Y., Seigneur, C., Seinfeld, J. H., Griffin, R. J., and Pandis, S. N.: Uncertainties in modeling secondary organic aerosols: Three-dimensional modeling studies in Nashville/Western Tennessee, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3647-3661, 2003. (Pubitemid 36999310)
74. Riddle, S. G., Robert, M. A., Jakober, C. A., Hannigan, M. P., and Kleeman, M. J.: Size-Resolved Source Apportionment of Airborne Particle Mass in a Roadside Environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(17), 6580-6586, doi:10.1021/es702827h, 2008.
75. Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259-1262, 2007. (Pubitemid 46364260)
76. Salcedo, D., Onasch, T. B., Dzepina, K., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Jayne, J. T., Mortimer, P., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Johnson, K. S., Zuberi, B., Marr, L. C., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Cardenas, B., Bernabé, R. M., Márquez, C., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Xie, Y., Brune,W., Lesher, R., Shirley, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of ambient aerosols in Mexico City during the MCMA-2003 campaign with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: results from the CENICA Supersite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 925-946, 2006,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/925/2006/.
77. Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Keller-Rudeck, H., Wine, P. H., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, M. J., Finlaysson-Pitts, B. J., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, R. L.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies Evaluation Number 15, JPL Publication, 06-2, 522 pp., 2006.
78. Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., Bench, G., Fallon, S., Mcdade, C. E., Chow, J. C., and Watson, J. G.: Fossil and contemporary fine particulate carbon fractions at 12 rural and urban sites in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02311,doi:10.1029/2007JD008605, 2008.
79. Schweitzer, F., Magi, L., Mirabel, P., and George, C.: Uptake rate measurements of methanesulfonic acid and glyoxal by aqueous droplets, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 593-600, 1998. (Pubitemid 128581055)
80. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pankow, J. F.: Organic atmospheric particulate material, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 54, 121-140, 2003.
81. Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Lamb, B., Velasco, E., Jobson, T., and Alexander, M.: Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2753-2765, 2006,http://www. atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2753/2006/. (Pubitemid 44048096)
82. Siese, M. and Zetzsch, C.: Addition of OH to Acetylene and Consecutive Reactions of the Adduct with O-2 Z, Phys. Chem., 188(75), 75-89, 1995.
83. Song, C., Zaveri, R., Alexander, M. L., Thornton, J. A., Madronich, S., Ortega, J. V., Zelenyuk, A., Yu, X. Y., Laskin, A., and Maughan, D. A.: Effect of hydrophobic primary organic aerosols on secondary organic aerosol formation from ozonolysis of α-pinene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20803, doi:10.1029/2007GL030720, 2007. (Pubitemid 350303296)
84. Sorooshian, A., Varutbangkul, V., Brechtel, F. J., Ervens, B., Feingold, G., Bahreini, R., Murphy, S. M., Holloway, J. S., Atlas, E. L., Buzorius, G., Jonsson, H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Oxalic acid in clear and cloudy atmospheres: Analysis of data from International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S45, doi:10.1029/2005JD006880, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260844)
85. Sullivan, A. P., Peltier, R. E., Brock, C. A., de Gouw, J. A., Holloway, J. S., Warneke, C., Wollny, A. G., and Weber, R. J.: Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosol soluble in water over northeastern United States: Method development and an investigation into water-soluble organic carbon sources, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S46, doi:10.1029/2006JD007072, 2006.
86. Sun, H., Biedermann, L., and Bond, T. C.: Color of brown carbon: A model for ultraviolet and visible light absorption by organic carbon aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17813, doi:10.1029/2007GL029797, 2007. (Pubitemid 350065294)
87. Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Synal, H. A., Kalberer, M., Wacker, L., Hajdas, I., Kasper-Giebl, A., and Baltensperger, U.: Contributions of fossil fuel, biomass-burning, and biogenic emissions to carbonaceous aerosols in Zurich as traced by C-14, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D07206, doi:10.1029/2005JD006590, 2006.
88. Takekawa, H., Minoura, H., and Yamazaki, S.: Temperature dependence of secondary organic aerosol formation by photo-oxidation of hydrocarbons, Atmos. Environ., 37, 3413-3424, 2003. (Pubitemid 36808662)
89. Taylor, W. D., Allston, T. D., Moscato, M. J., Fazekas, G. B., Kozlowski, R., and Takacs, G. A.: Atmospheric photodissociation lifetimes for nitromethane, methyl nitrite, and methyl nitrate, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 12, 231-240, 1980.
90. Tsigaridis, K. and Kanakidou, M.: Secondary organic aerosol importance in the future atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4682-4692, 2007. (Pubitemid 46818098)
91. Tsigaridis, K., Krol, M., Dentener, F. J., Balkanski, Y., Lathiére, J., Metzger, S., Hauglustaine, D. A., and Kanakidou, M.: Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5143-5162, 2006,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5143/2006/. (Pubitemid 44770426)
92. Tunved, P., Hansson, H. C., Kerminen, V. M., Strom, J., Dal Maso, M., Lihavainen, H., Viisanen, Y., Aalto, P. P., Komppula, M., and Kulmala, M.: High natural aerosol loading over boreal forests, Science, 312, 261-263, 2006.
93. Volkamer, R.: A DOAS Study on the Oxidation Mechanism of Aromatic Hydrocarbons under Simulated Atmospheric Conditions, Dissertation, University of Heidelberg, Germany, 2001.
94. Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected, Geophys. Res. Lett.,33, L17811, doi:10.1029/2006GL026899, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945682)
95. Volkamer, R. and Kanakidou, M.: ACCENT Report 4.2007, in: Volatile Organic Compounds in the Polluted Atmosphere, The 3rd ACCENT Barnsdale Expert Meeting, edited by: Burrows, J., Cox, T., Fowler, D., Granier, C., Isaksen, I., Monks, P., O'Dowd, C., and Borrell, P., online available at: http://www.accent-network.org/portal/publications/accent-series-reports, 2007.
96. Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Shirley, T., and Brune, W. H.: DOAS measurement of glyoxal as an indicator for fast VOC chemistry in urban air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08806,doi:10.1029/2005GL022616, 2005a. (Pubitemid 41043288)
97. Volkamer, R., San Martini, F., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Jimenez, J. L., and Molina, M. J.: A Missing Sink for Gas-Phase Glyoxal in Mexico City: Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19807, doi:10.1029/2007GL030752, 2007. (Pubitemid 350263040)
98. Volkamer, R., Spietz, P., Burrows, J. P., and Platt, U.: Highresolution absorption cross-section of Glyoxal in the UV/vis and IR spectral ranges, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., 172, 35-46, doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.11.011, 2005b. (Pubitemid 40549551)
99. Warneck, P.: Multi-phase chemistry of C-2 and C-3 organic compounds in the marine atmosphere, J. Atmos. Chem., 51, 119-159,2005. (Pubitemid 41430645)
100. Weber, R. J., Sullivan, A. P., Peltier, R. E., Russell, A., Yan, B., Zheng, M., de Gouw, J., Warneke, C., Brock, C., Holloway,J. S., Atlas, E. L., and Edgerton, E.: A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenicinfluenced southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13302, doi:10.1029/2007JD008408, 2007. (Pubitemid 47408388)
101. 2, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D14), 4207, doi:10.1029/2001JD000451, 2002.
102. Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Oetjen, H., Burrows, J. P., Kanakidou, M., Myriokefalitakis, S., Volkamer, R., Beirle, S., Platt, U., and Wagner, T.: Simultaneous global observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16804, doi:10.1029/2006GL026310, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945753)
103. Yeung, L. Y., Pennino, M. J., Miller, A. M., and Elrod, M. J.: Kinetics and mechanistic studies of the atmospheric oxidation of alkynes, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 1879-1889, 2005.
104. Yu, J. Z., Jeffries, H. E., and Lelacheur, R.M.: Identifying Airborne Carbonyl-Compounds in Isoprene Atmospheric Photooxidation Products by Their Pfbha Oximes Using Gas-Chromatography Ion-Trap Mass-Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1923-1932, 1995a.
105. Yu, J. Z., Jeffries, H. E., and Lelacheur, R.M.: Identifying Airborne Carbonyl-Compounds in Isoprene Atmospheric Photooxidation Products by Their Pfbha Oximes Using Gas-Chromatography Ion-Trap Mass-Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1923-1932, 1995b.
106. Zhang, Q. and Anastasio, C.: Free and combined amino compounds in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) and fog waters from Northern California, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2247-2258, 2003. (Pubitemid 36428945)
107. Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., de- Carlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL029979, 2007. (Pubitemid 47399659)
108. Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights into sources and processes of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3289-3311, 2005,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/3289/2005/. (Pubitemid 43085629)
109. Zhao, J., Levitt, N. P., Zhang, R. Y., and Chen, J. M.: Heterogeneous reactions of methylglyoxal in acidic media: Implications for secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7682-7687, 2006. (Pubitemid 46012562)
110. Zhou, X. L. and Mopper, K.: Apparent Partition-Coefficients of 15 Carbonyl-Compounds Between Air and Seawater and Between Air and Fresh-Water - Implications for Air Sea Exchange, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1864-1869, 1990.