State-of-the-art review minority perceptions of the police: A state-of-the-art review

Policing

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 173-203

  Peck, Jennifer H ^a  

^a FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attitudes; Minorities; Perceptions; Police

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924285610     PISSN: 1363951X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/PIJPSM-01-2015-0001     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Arthur, J.A. and Case, C.E. (1994), “Race, class, and support for police use of force”, Crime, Law, and Social Change, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 167-182.
2. Barrick, K. (2014), “Latino confidence in the police: The role of immigrant enforcement, assimilation, and immigration status”, Journal of Ethnicity and Criminal Justice, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 289-307.
3. Benson, P.R. (1981), “Political alienation and public satisfaction with police services”, Pacific Sociological Review, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 45-64.
4. Birzer, M.L. (2008), “What makes a good police officer? Phenomenological reflections from the African-American community”, Police Practice & Research, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 199-212.
5. Block, R.L. (1971), “Fear of crime and fear of the police”, Social Problems, Vol. 19, pp. 91-101.
6. Boggs, S.L. and Galliher, J.F. (1975), “Evaluating the police: A comparison of black street and household respondents”, Social Problems, Vol. 22, pp. 393-406.
7. Bordua, D.J. and Tifft, L.L. (1971), “Citizen interview, organizational feedback, and police community relations decisions”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 155-182.
8. Brandl, S., Frank, J., Worden, R. and Bynum, T. (1994), “Global and specific attitudes toward the police: Disentangling the relationship”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 11, pp. 119-134.
9. Brown, B. and Benedict, W.R. (2002), “Perceptions of the police: Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 25 No. 5, pp. 543-580.
10. Brown, B. and Benedict, W.R. (2005), “Classroom cops, what do students think? A case study of student perceptions of school police and security officers conducted in a hispanic community”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 264-285.
11. Brunson, R.K. (2007), “‘Police don’t like black people’: African-American young men’s accumulated police experiences”, Criminology, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 72-102.
12. Brunson, R.K. and Gau, J.M. (forthcoming), “Officer race versus macro-level context: A test of competing hypotheses about black citizens’ experiences with a perceptions of the black police officers”, Crime and Delinquency, doi:10.1177/0011128711398027.
13. Brunson, R.K. and Miller, J. (2006), “Young black men and urban policing in the United States”, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 46 No. 4, pp. 613-640.
14. Brunson, R.K. and Weitzer, R. (2009), “Police relations with black and white youths in different urban neighborhoods”, Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 858-885.
15. Buckler, K. and Unnever, J.D. (2008), “Racial and ethnic perceptions of injustice: Testing the core hypotheses of comparative conflict theory”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 36 No. 3, pp. 270-278.
16. Callanan, V.J. and Rosenberger, J.S. (2011), “Media and public perceptions of the police: Examining the impact of race and personal experience”, Policing & Society, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 167-189.
17. Carter, D.L. (1983), “Hispanic interaction with the criminal justice system in Texas: Experiences, attitudes, and perceptions”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 11, pp. 213-227.
18. Carter, D.L. (1985), “Hispanic perception of police performance: An empirical assessment”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 13 No. 6, pp. 487-500.
19. Chandek, M.S. (1999), “Race, expectations and evaluations of police performance: An empirical assessment”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 22, pp. 675-695.
20. Chermak, S., McGarrell, E.F. and Weiss, A. (2001), “Citizens’ perceptions of aggressive traffic enforcement strategies”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 18, pp. 365-391.
21. Cheurprakobkit, S. (2000), “Police-citizen contact and police performance: Attitudinal differences between hispanics and non-hispanics”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 28 No. 4, pp. 325-336.
22. Cheurprakobkit, S. and Bartsch, R.A. (1999), “Police work and the police profession: Assessing attitudes of city officials, Spanish-speaking hispanics, and their english-speaking counterparts”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 87-100.
23. Chu, D., Song, J. and Dombrink, J. (2005), “Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in New York city”, International Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 101-114.
24. Chu, D.C. and Hung, L.S.J. (2010), “Chinese immigrants’ attitudes toward the police in San Francisco”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 33 No. 4, pp. 621-643.
25. Cochran, J.C. and Warren, P.Y. (2012), “Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in perceptions of the police: The salience of officer race within the context of racial profiling”, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 206-227.
26. Correia, M.E., Reisig, M.D. and Lovrich, N.P. (1996), “Public perceptions of state police: An analysis of individual-level and contextual variables”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 17-28.
27. Decker, S.H. (1985), “The police and the public: Perceptions and policy recommendations”, in Homant, R.J. and Kennedy, D.B. (Eds), Police and Law Enforcement, 1975-1981, Vol. 3, AMS Press, NewYork, NY, pp. 89-105.
28. Dowler, K. and Zawilski, V. (2007), “Public perceptions of police misconduct and discrimination: Examining the impact of media consumption”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 193-203.
29. Drakulich, K.M. and Crunchfield, R.D. (2013), “The role of perceptions of police in informal social control: Implications for the racial stratification of crime and control”, Social Problems, Vol. 60 No. 3, pp. 383-407.
30. Engel, R.S. (2005), “Citizens’ perceptions of distributive and procedural injustice during traffic stops with police”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 42, pp. 445-481.
31. Erez, E. (1984), “Self-defined ‘desert’ and citizens’ assessment of the police”, Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Vol. 75 No. 4, pp. 1276-1299.
32. Feinstein, R. (forthcoming), “A qualitative analysis of police interactions and disproportionate minority contact”, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, doi:10.1080/15377938.2014.936645.
33. Frank, J., Smith, B. and Novak, K. (2005), “Exploring the basis of citizens’ attitudes toward the police”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 8, pp. 206-228.
34. Frank, J., Brandl, S., Cullen, F. and Stichman, A. (1996), “Reassessing the impact of race on citizens’ attitudes toward the police: A research note”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 13, pp. 321-334.
35. Furstenberg, F.J. and Wellford, C.F. (1973), “Calling the police: The evaluation of public service”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 7, pp. 393-406.
36. Gabbidon, S.L. and Higgins, G.E. (2009), “The role of race/ethnicity and race relations on public opinion related to the treatment of blacks by the police”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 102-115.
37. Gabbidon, S.L., Higgins, G.E. and Potter, H. (2011), “Race, gender, and the perception of recently experiencing unfair treatment by the police: Exploratory results from an all-black sample”, Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 5-21.
38. Garcia, V. and Cao, L. (2005), “Race and satisfaction with the police in a small city”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 191-199.
39. Gau, J.M. (2010), “A longitudinal analysis of citizens’ attitudes about police”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 236-252.
40. Graziano, L., Schuck, A.M. and Martin, C. (2010), “Police misconduct, media coverage, and public perceptions of racial profiling: An experiment”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 52-76.
41. Hadar, I. and Snortum, J.R. (1975), “The eye of the beholder: Differential perceptions of police by the police and by the public”, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 37-54.
42. Hagan, J., Shedd, C. and Payne, M.R. (2005), “Race, ethnicity, and youth perceptions of criminal injustice”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 70 No. 3, pp. 381-407.
43. Hahn, H. (1971), “Ghetto assessments of police protection and authority”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 183-194.
44. Holmes, M.D. (1998), “Perceptions of abusive police practices in a US-Mexico border community”, Social Science Journal, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp. 1107-1118.
45. Hurst, Y.G. and Frank, J. (2000), “How kids view cops: The nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 189-202.
46. Hurst, Y.G., Frank, J. and Browning, S.L. (2000), “The attitudes of juveniles towards the police: A comparison of black and white youth”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 37-53.
47. Jacob, H. (1971), “Black and white perceptions of justice in the city”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 69-89.
48. Jefferis, E.S., Kaminski, R.J., Holmes, S. and Hanley, D.E. (1997), “The effect of a videotaped arrest on public perceptions of police use of force”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 25 No. 5, pp. 381-395.
49. Jesilow, P., Meyer, J. and Namazzi, N. (1995), “Public attitudes toward the police”, American Journal of Police, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 67-88.
50. Kaminski, R.J. and Jefferis, E.S. (1998), “The effect of a violent televised arrest on public perceptions of the police: A partial test of eazston’s theoretical framework”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 683-706.
51. Klyman, F.I. and Kruckenberg, J. (1974), “A methodology for assessing citizen perceptions of the police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 219-233.
52. Kusow, A.M., Wilson, L.C. and Martin, D.E. (1997), “Determinants of citizen satisfaction with the police: The effects of residential location”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategy & Management, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 655-664.
53. Lai, Y.L. and Zhao, J.S. (2010), “The impact of race/ethnicity, neighborhood context, and police/ citizen interaction on residents’ attitudes toward the police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 685-692.
54. Leiber, M.J., Nalla, M.K. and Farnworth, M. (1998), “Explaining juveniles’ attitudes toward the police”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 151-173.
55. Lurigio, A.J., Greenleaf, R.G. and Flexon, J.L. (2009), “The effects of race on relationships with the police: A survey of African American and Latin youths in Chicago”, Western Criminology Review, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 29-41.
56. McCluskey, J.D., McCluskey, C.P. and Enriquez, R. (2008), “A comparison of Latino and white citizen satisfaction with police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 36 No. 6, pp. 471-477.
57. MacDonald, J. and Stokes, R.J. (2006), “Race, social capital, and trust in police”, Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 358-375.
58. MacDonald, J., Stokes, R.J., Ridgeway, G. and Riley, K.J. (2007), “Race, neighborhood context, and perceptions of injustice by the police in Cincinnati”, Urban Studies, Vol. 44 No. 13, pp. 2567-2585.
59. Mbuba, J.M. (2010), “Attitudes towards the police: The significance of race and other factors among college students”, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 201-215.
60. Murphy, D.W. and Worrall, J.L. (1999), “Residency requirements and public perceptions of the police in large municipalities”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 327-342.
61. Ong, M. and Jenks, D.A. (2004), “Hispanic perceptions of community policing: Is community policing working in the city?”, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 53-66.
62. Peek, C.W., Lowe, G.D. and Alston, J.P. (1981), “Race and attitudes toward the police: Another look”, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 361-374.
63. Priest, T.B. and Carter, D.B. (1999), “Evaluations of police performance in an African American sample”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp. 457-465.
64. Prine, R.K., Ballard, C. and Robinson, D.M. (2001), “Perceptions of community policing in a small town”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 211-221.
65. Reisig, M.D. and Parks, R.B. (2000), “Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 607-629.
66. Rosenbaum, D.P., Schuck, A.M., Costello, S.K., Hawkins, D.F. and Ring, M.K. (2005), “Attitudes toward the police: The effect of direct and vicarious experiences”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 343-365.
67. Rusinko, W.T., Johnson, K.W. and Hornung, C.A. (1978), “The importance of police contact in the formulation of youths’ attitudes toward the police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 53-67.
68. Sampson, R.J. and Bartusch, D.J. (1998), “Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 32 No. 4, pp. 777-804.
69. Scaglion, R. and Condon, R.G. (1980a), “The structure of black and white attitudes toward police”, Human Organization, Vol. 39 No. 3, pp. 280-283.
70. Scaglion, R. and Condon, R.G. (1980b), “Determinants of attitudes toward city police”, Criminology, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 485-494.
71. Schafer, J., Huebner, B. and Bynum, T. (2003), “Citizen perceptions of police services: Race, neighborhood context, and community policing”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 440-468.
72. Schuck, A.M. (2013), “A life-course perspective on adolescents’ attitudes to police: DARE, delinquency, and residential segregation”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 50 No. 4, pp. 579-607.
73. Schuck, A.M. and Rosenbaum, D.P. (2005), “Global and neighborhood attitudes toward the police: Differentiation by race, ethnicity, and type of contact”, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 391-418.
74. Schuck, A.M., Rosenbaum, D.P. and Hawkins, D.F. (2008), “The influence of race/ethnicity, social class, and neighborhood context on residents’ attitudes toward the police”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 496-519.
75. Smith, B. (2005), “Ethno-racial political transition and citizen satisfaction with police”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 242-254.
76. Smith, P.E. and Hawkins, R.O. (1973), “Victimization, types of citizen-police contacts and attitudes toward the police”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 135-152.
77. Sullivan, P.S., Dunham, R.G. and Alpert, G.P. (1987), “Attitude structures of different ethnic and age groups concerning the police”, Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Vol. 78 No. 1, pp. 177-196.
78. Taylor, T.J., Turner, K.B., Esbensen, F. and Winfree, L.T. Jr (2001), “Coppin’ an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, No. 1, pp. 395-305.
79. Thomas, M.O. and Burns, P.F. (2005), “Repairing the divide: An investigation of community policing and citizen attitudes towards the police by race and ethnicity”, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, Vol. 3 Nos 1/2, pp. 71-89.
80. Torres, S. and Vogel, R.E. (2001), “Pre-and post-test differences between Vietnamese and Latino residents involved in a community policing experiment: Reducing fear of crime and improving attitudes toward the police”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 40-55.
81. Tuch, S.A. and Weitzer, R. (1997), “The polls-trends: Racial differences in attitudes towards the police”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 61 No. 4, pp. 642-663.
82. Walker, S. (1997), “Complaints against the police: A focus group study of citizen perceptions, goals, and expectations”, Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 207-226.
83. Warren, P.Y. (2011), “Perceptions of police disrespect during vehicle stops: A race-based analysis”, Crime & Delinquency, Vol. 53 No. 3, pp. 356-376.
84. Webb, V. and Marshall, C. (1995), “The relative importance of race and ethnicity on citizen attitudes toward the police”, American Journal of Police, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 45-66.
85. Weitzer, R. (2000), “Racialized policing: Residents’ perceptions in three neighborhoods”, Law & Society Review, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 129-155.
86. Weitzer, R. (2002), “Incidents of police misconduct and public opinion”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 397-408.
87. Weitzer, R. and Tuch, S.A. (1999), “Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police”, Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 45 No. 4, pp. 494-507.
88. Weitzer, R. and Tuch, S.A. (2005), “Determinants of public satisfaction with the police”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 279-297.
89. Weitzer, R., Tuch, S.A. and Skogan, W.G. (2008), “Police-community relations in a majority-black city”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 45 No. 4, pp. 398-428.
90. Worrall, J.L. (1999), “Public perceptions of police efficacy and image: The ‘fuzziness’ of support for the police”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 47-66.
91. Wu, Y. (2014), “Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: A comparison of white, black, Asian, and Hispanic Americans”, Policing & Society, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 135-157.
92. Wu, Y., Lake, R. and Cao, L. (forthcoming), “Race, social bonds, and juvenile attitudes toward the police”, Justice Quarterly, doi:10.1080/07418825.2013.778325.
93. Wu, Y., Sun, I.Y. and Smith, B.W. (2011), “Race, immigration, and policing: Chinese immigrants’ satisfaction with police”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 745-774.
94. Wu, Y., Sun, I.Y. and Triplett, R.A. (2009), “Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police?”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 125-156.