Nanocrystal grain growth and device architectures for high-efficiency CdTe ink-based photovoltaics

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 9063-9072

  Crisp, Ryan W ^a,b   Panthani, Matthew G ^d   Rance, William L ^a   Duenow, Joel N ^a   Parilla, Philip A ^a   Callahan, Rebecca ^a,c   Dabney, Matthew S ^a   Berry, Joseph J ^a   Talapin, Dmitri V ^d   Luther, Joseph M ^a  

^a NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

CdTe; device architecture; grain growth; nanocrystal; photovoltaic; sintering; solution processed

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CADMIUM SULFIDE; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; EFFICIENCY; INDIUM SULFIDE; NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; SINTERING; SOLAR ABSORBERS; SOLAR CELLS; TIN OXIDES; ZINC SULFIDE;

CDTE; DEVICE ARCHITECTURES; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; PHOTOVOLTAIC; SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE; SOLUTION PROCESSABLE; SOLUTION-PROCESSED; ZINCBLENDE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES;

GRAIN GROWTH;

EID: 84923391174     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn502442g     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Todorov, T. K.; Tang, J.; Bag, S.; Gunawan, O.; Gokmen, T.; Zhu, Y.; Mitzi, D. B. Beyond 11% Efficiency: Characteristics of State-of-the-Art Cu2znsn(S,Se)(4) Solar Cells Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 34-38
2. Akhavan, V. A.; Goodfellow, B. W.; Panthani, M. G.; Steinhagen, C.; Harvey, T. B.; Stolle, C. J.; Korgel, B. A. Colloidal Cigs and Czts Nanocrystals: A Precursor Route to Printed Photovoltaics J. Solid State Chem. 2012, 189, 2-12
3. Stolle, C. J.; Harvey, T. B.; Korgel, B. A. Nanocrystal Photovoltaics: A Review of Recent Progress Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 2013, 2, 160-167
4. He, M.; Zheng, D.; Wang, M.; Lin, C.; Lin, Z. High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells: From Complex Nanostructure to Planar Heterojunction J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 5994-6003
5. Mitzi, D. B. Solution Processing of Chalcogenide Semiconductors via Dimensional Reduction Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 3141-3158
6. Akhavan, V. A.; Harvey, T. B.; Stolle, C. J.; Ostrowski, D. P.; Glaz, M. S.; Goodfellow, B. W.; Panthani, M. G.; Reid, D. K.; Vanden Bout, D. A.; Korgel, B. A. Influence of Composition on the Performance of Sintered Cu(in,Ga)Se2 Nanocrystal Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices ChemSusChem 2013, 6, 481-486
7. Ford, G. M.; Guo, Q.; Agrawal, R.; Hillhouse, H. W. Cuin(S,Se)(2)Thin Film Solar Cells from Nanocrystal Inks: Effect of Nanocrystal Precursors Thin Solid Films 2011, 520, 523-528
8. Guo, Q.; Ford, G. M.; Yang, W.-C.; Walker, B. C.; Stach, E. A.; Hillhouse, H. W.; Agrawal, R. Fabrication of 7.2% Efficient Cztsse Solar Cells Using Czts Nanocrystals J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 17384-17386
9. Guo, Q.; Hillhouse, H. W.; Agrawal, R. Synthesis of Cu2znsns4 Nanocrystal Ink and Its Use for Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11672
10. Jasieniak, J.; MacDonald, B. I.; Watkins, S. E.; Mulvaney, P. Solution-Processed Sintered Nanocrystal Solar Cells via Layer-by-Layer Assembly Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2856-2864
11. Puthussery, J.; Seefeld, S.; Berry, N.; Gibbs, M.; Law, M. Colloidal Iron Pyrite (Fes2) Nanocrystal Inks for Thin-Film Photovoltaics J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 716-719
12. Pehnt, M.; Schulz, D. L.; Curtis, C. J.; Jones, K. M.; Ginley, D. S. Nanoparticle Precursor Route to Low-Temperature Spray Deposition of Cdte Thin Films Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67, 2176-2178
13. Li, L.; Pandey, A.; Werder, D. J.; Khanal, B. P.; Pietryga, J. M.; Klimov, V. I. Efficient Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Copper Indium Sulfide-Based Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Surprisingly Long-Lived Emission J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 1176-1179
14. Luther, J. M.; Pietryga, J. M. Stoichiometry Control in Quantum Dots: A Viable Analog to Impurity Doping of Bulk Materials ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1845-1849
15. Yu, W. W.; Wang, Y. A.; Peng, X. Formation and Stability of Size-, Shape-, and Structure-Controlled Cdte Nanocrystals: Ligand Effects on Monomers and Nanocrystals Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 4300-4308
16. Law, M.; Luther, J. M.; Song, Q.; Hughes, B. K.; Perkins, C. L.; Nozik, A. J. Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Pbse Nanocrystal Solids Treated Thermally or with Simple Amines J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5974-5985
17. Luther, J. M.; Law, M.; Song, Q.; Perkins, C. L.; Beard, M. C.; Nozik, A. J. Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Self-Assembled Films of Pbse Nanocrystals Treated with 1,2-Ethanedithiol ACS Nano 2008, 2, 271-280
18. Law, M.; Luther, J. M.; Song, O.; Hughes, B. K.; Perkins, C. L.; Nozik, A. J. Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Pbse Nanocrystal Solids Treated Thermally or with Simple Amines J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5974-5985
19. Talapin, D. V.; Murray, C. B. Pbse Nanocrystal Solids for N-and P-Channel Thin Film Field-Effect Transistors Science 2005, 310, 86-89
20. Gur, I.; Fromer, N. A.; Geier, M. L.; Alivisatos, A. P. Air-Stable All-Inorganic Nanocrystal Solar Cells Processed from Solution Science 2005, 310, 462-465
21. MacDonald, B. I.; Martucci, A.; Rubanov, S.; Watkins, S. E.; Mulvaney, P.; Jasieniak, J. J. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Sintered Cdsexte1-X Nanocrystal Solar Cells ACS Nano 2012, 6, 5995-6004
22. Guo, Q.; Ford, G. M.; Agrawal, R.; Hillhouse, H. W. Ink Formulation and Low-Temperature Incorporation of Sodium to Yield 12% Efficient Cu(in,Ga)(S,Se)2 Solar Cells from Sulfide Nanocrystal Inks Prog. Photovoltaics 2013, 21, 64-71
23. Gao, J.; Perkins, C. L.; Luther, J. M.; Hanna, M. C.; Chen, H.-Y.; Semonin, O. E.; Nozik, A. J.; Ellingson, R. J.; Beard, M. C. N-Type Transition Metal Oxide as a Hole Extraction Layer in Pbs Quantum Dot Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3263-3266
24. Ridley, B. A.; Nivi, B.; Jacobson, J. M. All-Inorganic Field Effect Transistors Fabricated by Printing Science 1999, 286, 746-749
25. Anderson, N. C.; Hendricks, M. P.; Choi, J. J.; Owen, J. S., Ligand Exchange and the Stoichiometry of Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystals: Spectroscopic Observation of Facile Metal-Carboxylate Displacement and Binding. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 18536-18548.
26. Olson, J. D.; Rodriguez, Y. W.; Yang, L. D.; Alers, G. B.; Carter, S. A. Cdte Schottky Diodes from Colloidal Nanocrystals Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 242103
27. Panthani, M. G.; Kurley, J. M.; Crisp, R. W.; Dietz, T. C.; Ezzyat, T.; Luther, J. M.; Talapin, D. V., High Efficiency Solution Processed Sintered Cdte Nanocrystal Solar Cells: The Role of Interfaces. Nano Lett. 14, 670-675.
28. Britt, J.; Ferekides, C. Thin-Film Cds/Cdte Solar-Cell with 15.8-Percent Efficiency Appl. Phys. Lett. 1993, 62, 2851-2852
29. MacDonald, B. I.; Gengenbach, T. R.; Watkins, S. E.; Mulvaney, P.; Jasieniak, J. J. Solution-Processing of Ultra-Thin Cdte/Zno Nanocrystal Solar Cells Thin Solid Films 2014, 558, 365-373
30. Talapin, D. V.; Nelson, J. H.; Shevchenko, E. V.; Aloni, S.; Sadtler, B.; Alivisatos, A. P. Seeded Growth of Highly Luminescent Cdse/Cds Nanoheterostructures with Rod and Tetrapod Morphologies Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2951-2959
31. Lita, B.; Pavol, M. J.; Dovidenko, K.; Le Tarte, L. A.; Ellis, D.; Barbuto, T.; Bansal, S.; Smentkowski, V. S.; Young, M.; Asher, S. E. Interface Analysis in Cdte/Cds Solar Cells; Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2010 35th IEEE, 20-25 June 2010; pp 001937-001942.
32. Docampo, P.; Ball, J. M.; Darwich, M.; Eperon, G. E.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Planar-Heterojunction Solar Cells on Flexible Polymer Substrates Nat. Commun. 2013, 4
33. Small, C. E.; Chen, S.; Subbiah, J.; Amb, C. M.; Tsang, S.-W.; Lai, T.-H.; Reynolds, J. R.; So, F. High-Efficiency Inverted Dithienogermole-Thienopyrrolodione-Based Polymer Solar Cells Nat. Photonics 2012, 6, 115-120
34. Kim, M. S.; Yim, K. G.; Kim, S.; Nam, G.; Lee, D. Y.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, J. S.; Leem, J. Y. Growth and Characterization of Indium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Acta Phys. Polym., A 2012, 121, 217-220
35. Kranz, L.; Schmitt, R.; Gretener, C.; Perrenoud, J.; Pianezzi, F.; Uhl, A. R.; Keller, D.; Buecheler, S.; Tiwari, A. N. Progress Towards 14% Efficient Cdte Solar Cells in Substrate Configuration; Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2013 IEEE 39th, 16-21 June 2013; pp 1644-1648.
36. Kloper, V.; Osovsky, R.; Kolny-Olesiak, J.; Sashchiuk, A.; Lifshitz, E. The Growth of Colloidal Cadmium Telluride Nanocrystal Quantum Dots in the Presence of Cd0 Nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 10336-10341
37. Rose, D. H.; Hasoon, F. S.; Dhere, R. G.; Albin, D. S.; Ribelin, R. M.; Li, X. S.; Mahathongdy, Y.; Gessert, T. A.; Sheldon, P. Fabrication Procedures and Process Sensitivities for Cds/Cdte Solar Cells Prog. Photovoltaics 1999, 7, 331-340
38. Gessert, T. A.; Burst, J. M.; Wei, S. H.; Ma, J.; Kuciauskas, D.; Rance, W. L.; Barnes, T. M.; Duenow, J. N.; Reese, M. O.; Li, J. V.; Young, M. R.; Dippo, P. Pathways toward Higher Performance Cds/Cdte Devices: Te Exposure of Cdte Surface before Znte:Cu/Ti Contacting Thin Solid Films 2013, 535, 237-240
39. Wood, A.; Giersig, M.; Hilgendorff, M.; Vilas-Campos, A.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Mulvaney, P. Size Effects in ZnO: The Cluster to Quantum Dot Transition Aust. J. Chem. 2003, 56, 1051-1057
40. Berry, J. J.; Ginley, D. S.; Burrows, P. E. Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using a Ga:Zno Anode Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 193304
41. Ohyama, M.; Kozuka, H.; Yoko, T. Sol-Gel Preparation of Transparent and Conductive Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films with Highly Preferential Crystal Orientation J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1998, 81, 1622-1632
42. Gershon, T. S.; Sigdel, A. K.; Marin, A. T.; van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Ginley, D. S.; Friend, R. H.; MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.; Berry, J. J. Improved Fill Factors in Solution-Processed ZnO/Cu2O Photovoltaics Thin Solid Films 2013, 536, 280-285
43. Lin, H.; Irfan; Xia, W.; Wu, H. N.; Gao, Y.; Tang, C. W. Moox Back Contact for Cds/Cdte Thin Film Solar Cells: Preparation, Device Characteristics, and Stability Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 99, 349-355
44. Lin, H.; Xia, W.; Wu, H. N.; Tang, C. W. Cds/Cdte Solar Cells with Moox as Back Contact Buffers Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 123504