Β-trace protein: A marker of GFR and other biological pathways

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 131-146

  White, Christine A ^a   Ghazan Shahi, Sassan ^a   Adams, Michael A ^a  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); Filtration marker; Kidney disease progression; Lipocalin prostaglandin D2 synthase (L PGDS); PTGDS; Renal function; Trace protein (BTP)

Indexed keywords

BETA TRACE PROTEIN; PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; ISOMERASE; LIPOCALIN; PROSTAGLANDIN R2 D-ISOMERASE;

ADIPOGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HUMAN; KIDNEY FUNCTION; NEPHELOMETRY; NONHUMAN; PREDICTION; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION; VASODILATATION; CHEMISTRY; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DISEASE COURSE; KIDNEY; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; INTRAMOLECULAR OXIDOREDUCTASES; KIDNEY; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; LIPOCALINS;

EID: 84922363138     PISSN: 02726386     EISSN: 15236838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.038     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Levey AS. Measurement of renal function in chronic renal disease. Kidney Int. 1990;38(1):167-184
2. Perrone RD, Madias NE, Levey AS. Serum creatinine as an index of renal function: new insights into old concepts. Clin Chem. 1992;38(10):1933-1953
3. Shemesh O, Golbetz H, Kriss JP, Myers BD. Limitations of creatinine as a filtration marker in glomerulopathic patients. Kidney Int. 1985;28(5):830-838
4. Hankins DA, Babb AL, Uvelli DA, Scribner BH. Creatinine degradation I: The kinetics of creatinine removal in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int J Artif Organs. 1981;4(1):35-39
5. Ferguson MA, Waikar SS. Established and emerging markers of kidney function [review]. Clin Chem. 2012;58(4):680-689
6. Foster MC, Inker LA, Levey AS, et al. Novel filtration markers as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;62(1):42-51
7. Astor BC, Shafi T, Hoogeveen RC, et al. Novel markers of kidney function as predictors of ESRD, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in the general population. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(5):653-662
8. Bhavsar NA, Appel LJ, Kusek JW, et al. Comparison of measured GFR, serum creatinine, cystatin C, and beta-trace protein to predict ESRD in African Americans with hypertensive CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58(6):886-893
9. Tangri N, Inker LA, Tighiouart H, et al. Filtration markers may have prognostic value independent of glomerular filtration rate. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(2):351-359
10. Clausen J. Proteins in normal cerebrospinal fluid not found in serum. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1961;109:91-95
11. Urade Y, Fujimoto N, Hayaishi O. Purification and characterization of rat brain prostaglandin D synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1985;260(23):12410-12415
12. Hoffmann A, Conradt HS, Gross G, Nimtz M, Lottspeich F, Wurster U. Purification and chemical characterization of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid: Its identification as prostaglandin D synthase. J Neurochem. 1993;61(2):451-456
13. Watanabe K, Urade Y, Mader M, Murphy C, Hayaishi O. Identification of beta-trace as prostaglandin D synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 203;(2):1110-1116
14. Hoffmann A, Nimtz M, Conradt HS. Molecular characterization of beta-trace protein in human serum and urine: A potential diagnostic marker for renal diseases. Glycobiology. 1997;7(4):499-506
15. Melegos DN, Grass L, Pierratos A, Diamandis EP. Highly elevated levels of prostaglandin D synthase in the serum of patients with renal failure. Urology. 1999;53(1):32-37
16. Shafi T, Parekh RS, Jaar BG, et al. Serum B-trace protein and risk of mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7:1435-1445
17. 2 synthase. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(32):23202-23208
18. Urade Y, Hayaishi O. Biochemical, structural, genetic, physiological, and pathophysiological features of lipocalin-type prostaglandinDsynthase. BiochimBiophys Acta. 2000;1482(1-2):259-271
19. Eguchi Y, Eguchi N, Oda H, et al. Expression of lipocalintype prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in human heart and its accumulation in the coronary circulation of angina patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(26):14689-14694
20. Taba Y, Sasaguri T, Miyagi M, et al. Fluid shear stress induces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. Circ Res. 2000;86(9):967-973
21. Shimanuki M, Takeda K, Kawaguchi M, Suzuki T, Shibahara S. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase as a marker for the proliferative potential of melanocyte-lineage cells in the human skin. J Dermatol. 2012;39(8):699-704
22. 2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. Sci Translat Med. 2012;4(126):126ra34
23. Hokari R, Nagata N, Kurihara C, et al. Increased expression and cellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. J Pathol. 2009;219(4): 417-426
24. Gallant MA, Samadfam R, Hackett JA, Antoniou J, Parent JL, de Brum-Fernandes AJ. Production of prostaglandin D(2) by human osteoblasts and modulation of osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and cellular migration by DP and CRTH2 receptors. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;(4):672-681
25. 2 synthase enzymes and PPARgamma are co-expressed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human tissues. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2003;70(3-4):267-284
26. Nagata N, Fujimori K, Okazaki I, et al. De novo synthesis, uptake and proteolytic processing of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, beta-trace, in the kidneys. FEBS J. 2009;276(23): 7146-7158
27. Melegos DN, Diamandis EP, Oda H, Urade Y, Hayaishi O. Immunofluorometric assay of prostaglandin D synthase in human tissue extracts and fluids. Clin Chem. 1996;42(12):1984-1991
28. Risch L, Lisec I, Jutzi M, Podvinec M, Landolt H, Huber AR. Rapid, accurate and non-invasive detection of cerebrospinal fluid leakage using combined determination of beta-trace protein in secretion and serum. Clin Chim Acta. 2005;351(1-2):169-176
29. 2 in mice and humans. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(2):1179-1188
30. 2 synthase knock-out mice. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(33):29946-29955
31. 2 synthase knockout mouse model of insulin resistance and obesity demonstrates early hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis hyperactivity. J Endocrinol. 2013;216(2): 169-180
32. Kanekiyo T, Ban T, Aritake K, et al. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase/beta-trace is a major amyloid beta-chaperone in human cerebrospinal fluid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(15):6412-6417
33. Shimamoto S, Yoshida T, Ohkubo T. [Ligand recognition mechanism of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2011;131(11):1575-1581
34. Tanaka T, Urade Y, Kimura H, Eguchi N, Nishikawa A, Hayaishi O. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) is a newly recognized type of retinoid transporter. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(25):15789-15795
35. Beuckmann CT, Aoyagi M, Okazaki I, et al. Binding of biliverdin, bilirubin, and thyroid hormones to lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. Biochemistry. 1999;38(25):8006-8013
36. Smith WL, Urade Y, Jakobsson PJ. Enzymes of the cyclooxygenase pathways of prostanoid biosynthesis. Chem Rev. 2011;111(10):5821-5865
37. Hokari R, Kurihara C, Nagata N, et al. Increased expression of lipocalin-type-prostaglandin D synthase in ulcerative colitis and exacerbating role in murine colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(3):G401-G408
38. 2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2. J Exp Med. 2001;193(2):255-261
39. 2 is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils that acts via a novel DP receptor. Blood. 2001;98(6):1942-1948
40. Li W, Mase M, Inui T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase/beta-trace in canine. Neurosci Res. 2008;61(3):289-293
41. Olsson JE, Link H, Nosslin B. Metabolic studies on 125Ilabelled beta-trace protein, with special reference to synthesis within the central nervous system. J Neurochem. 1973;21(5):1153-1159
42. Hirawa N, Uehara Y, Yamakado M, et al. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2002;39(2, pt 2):449-454
43. Dajak M, Ignjatovic S, Stojimirovic B, Gajic S, Majkic- Singh N. Urinary beta-trace protein as a tubular marker of renal dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(15-16):1154-1155
44. Hirawa N, Uehara Y, Ikeda T, et al. Urinary prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) excretion increases in the early stage of diabetes mellitus. Nephron. 2001;87(4):321-327
45. Spanaus KS, Kollerits B, Ritz E, et al. Serum creatinine, cystatin C, and beta-trace protein in diagnostic staging and predicting progression of primary nondiabetic chronic kidney disease. Clin Chem. 2010;56(5):740-749
46. White CA, Akbari A, Doucette S, et al. Estimating GFR using serumbeta trace protein: Accuracy and validation in kidney transplant and pediatric populations. Kidney Int. 2009;76(7):784-791
47. Product Monograph-N Latex BTP. 2000. Marburg, Germany: Siemens HealthCare Diagnostics.
48. Poge U, Gerhardt TM, Stoffel-Wagner B, et al. Beta-trace protein is an alternative marker for glomerular filtration rate in renal transplantation patients [see comment]. Clin Chem. 2005;51(8):1531-1533
49. Poge U, Gerhardt T, Stoffel-Wagner B, et al. Beta-trace protein-based equations for calculation of GFR in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2008;8(3):608-615
50. Bokenkamp A, Franke I, Schlieber M, et al. Beta-trace protein-A marker of kidney function in children: "Original research communication-clinical investigation.". Clin Biochem. 2007;40(13-14):969-975
51. White CA, Akbari A, Doucette S, et al. A novel equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate using beta-trace protein. Clin Chem. 2007;53(11):1965-1968
52. Filler G, Priem F, Lepage N, et al. Beta-trace protein, cystatin C, beta(2)-microglobulin, and creatinine compared for detecting impaired glomerular filtration rates in children. Clin Chem. 2002;48(5):729-736
53. 2 during post-fracture bone remodeling. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(3):644-649
54. Prostaglandin D synthase (lipocalin-type;human) EIA Kit Item No. 10007684. 2013. 1-17-0130. Ann Arbor, MI: Cayman Chemical Company
55. Voskoboev NV, Larson TS, Rule AD, Lieske JC. Importance of cystatin C assay standardization. Clin Chem. 2011;57(8): 1209-1211
56. Maahs DM, Jalal D, McFann K, Rewers M, Snell- Bergeon JK. Systematic shifts in cystatin C between 2006 and 2010. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(8):1952-1955
57. Stevens LA, Manzi J, Levey AS, Eckfeldt JH, Van Lente F, Coresh J. Drift in Dade Behring Cystatin C Assay 2003 to 2009 [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:20A
58. White CA, Rule AD, Collier CP, et al. The impact of interlaboratory differences in cystatin C assay measurement on glomerular filtration rate estimation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(9):2150-2156
59. Woitas RP, Stoffel-Wagner B, Poege U, Schiedermaier P, Spengler U, Sauerbruch T. Low-molecular weight proteins as markers for glomerular filtration rate. Clin Chem. 2001;47(12): 2179-2180
60. White CA, Akbari A, Doucette S, et al. Effect of clinical variables and immunosuppression on serum cystatin C and betatrace protein in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54(5):922-930
61. Donadio C, Lucchesi A, Ardini M, Donadio E, Giordani R. Serum levels of beta-trace protein and glomerular filtration rate- preliminary results. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2003;32(4-5):1099-1104
62. Pham-Huy A, Leonard M, Lepage N, Halton J, Filler G. Measuring glomerular filtration rate with cystatin C and beta-trace protein in children with spina bifida. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2312-2315
63. Abbink FC, Laarman CA, Braam KI, et al. Beta-trace protein is not superior to cystatin C for the estimation of GFR in patients receiving corticosteroids. Clin Biochem. 2008;41(4-5): 299-305
64. Tokudome S, Sano M, Shinmura K, et al. Glucocorticoid protects rodent hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-derived PGD2 biosynthesis. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(6):1477-1488
65. Otsuki M, Gao H, Dahlman-Wright K, et al. Specific regulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in mouse heart by estrogen receptor beta. Mol Endocrinol. 2003;17(9):1844-1855
66. Tin A, Astor BC, Boerwinkle E, Hoogeveen RC, Coresh J, Kao WH. Genome-wide significant locus of beta-trace protein, a novel kidney function biomarker, identified in European and African Americans. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(6):1497-1504
67. White DM, Takeda T, DeGroot LJ, Stefansson K, Arnason BG. Beta-trace gene expression is regulated by a core promoter and a distal thyroid hormone response element. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(22):14387-14393
68. 2 synthetase mRNA is dependent on thyroid hormone during rat brain development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;196:396-401
69. Barcelo A, de la Peña M, Barbe F, Pierola J, Bosch M, Agusti AG. Prostaglandin D synthase (beta trace) levels in sleep apnea patients with and without sleepiness. Sleep Med. 2007;8(5): 509-511
70. Hardell L, Soderqvist F, Carlberg M, Zetterberg H, Mild KH. Exposure to wireless phone emissions and serum betatrace protein. Int J Mol Med. 2010;26(2):301-306
71. Priem F, Althaus H, Birnbaum M, Sinha P, Conradt HS, Jung K. Beta-trace protein in serum: A new marker of glomerular filtration rate in the creatinine-blind range. Clin Chem. 1999;45(4): 567-568
72. Giessing M. Beta-trace protein as indicator of glomerular filtration rate. Urology. 1999;54(5):940-941
73. Kobata M, Shimizu A, Rinno H, et al. Beta-trace protein, a new marker of GFR, may predict the early prognostic stages of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal. 2004;18(4):237-239
74. Benlamri A, Nadarajah R, Yasin A, Lepage N, Sharma AP, Filler G. Development of a beta-trace protein based formula for estimation of glomerular filtration rate. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25(3):485-490
75. Rombach SM, Baas MC, ten Berge KI, Krediet RT, Bemelman FJ, Hollak CE. The value of estimated GFR in comparison to measured GFR for the assessment of renal function in adult patients with Fabry disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(8):2549-2556
76. Grubb A, Nyman U, Bjork J, et al. Simple cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan-Barratt prediction equations for children. Clin Chem. 2005;51(8):1420-1431
77. Seikaly MG, Browne R, Bajaj G, Arant BS, Jr. Limitations to body length/serum creatinine ratio as an estimate of glomerular filtration in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 1996;10(6):709-711
78. Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, et al. New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(3):629-637
79. Bargman JM, Thorpe KE, Churchill DN; CANUSA Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. Relative contribution of residual renal function and peritoneal clearance to adequacy of dialysis: A reanalysis of the CANUSA Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12(10):2158-2162
80. Termorshuizen F, Dekker FW, van Manen JG, et al. Relative contribution of residual renal function and different measures of adequacy to survival in hemodialysis patients: An analysis of the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD)-2. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(4):1061-1070
81. White CA, Akbari A. The estimation, measurement, and relevance of the glomerular filtration rate in stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial. 2011;24(5):540-549
82. Gerhardt T, Poge U, Stoffel-Wagner B, et al. Serum levels of beta-trace protein and its association to diuresis in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(1):309-314
83. Lindstrom V, Grubb A, Alquist HM, Christensson A. Different elimination patterns of beta-trace protein, beta2-microglobulin and cystatin C in haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2008;68(8):685-691
84. Kristensen K, Lindstrom V, Schmidt C, et al. Temporal changes of the plasma levels of cystatin C, beta-trace protein, beta2-microglobulin, urate and creatinine during pregnancy indicate continuous alterations in the renal filtration process. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2007;67(6):612-618
85. McArthur J, Hill J, Paech MJ, Dodd PH, Bennett EJ, Holden J. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of betatrace protein during pregnancy. Anaesthesia. 2005;60(2):163-167
86. Asgeirsson D, Venturoli D, Rippe B, Rippe C. Increased glomerular permeability to negatively charged Ficoll relative to neutral Ficoll in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2006;291(5): F1083-F1089
87. Deen WM. Cellular contributions to glomerular sizeselectivity. Kidney Int. 2006;69(8):1295-1297
88. Roberts M, Lindheimer MD, Davison JM. Altered glomerular permselectivity to neutral dextrans and heteroporous membrane modeling in human pregnancy. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(2, pt 2):F338-F343
89. Vynckier LL, Flore KM, Delanghe SE, Delanghe JR. Urinary beta-trace protein as a new renal tubular marker. Clin Chem. 2009;55(6):1241-1243
90. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;1:1-150
91. Inoue T, Eguchi Y, Matsumoto T, et al. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase is a powerful biomarker for severity of stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201(2):385-391
92. Vilchez JA, Roldan V, Manzano-Fernandez S, et al. Betatrace protein and prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation treatment. Chest. 2013;144(5):1564-1570
93. Manzano-Fernandez S, Januzzi JL, Jr, Boronat-Garcia M, et al. Beta-trace protein and cystatin C as predictors of long-term outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(7):849-858
94. 2 relaxes bovine coronary arteries by endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated cGMP formation. Circ Res. 1992;71(6):1305-1313
95. 2 in acute thrombosis. Blood. 1979;54(3):684-693
96. 2. Differential sensitivity of platelet transduction processes and functional responses to inhibition by cyclic AMP. Biochem J. 1985;232(1):267-271
97. 2 synthesis reduces an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following interleukin stimulation in bovine endothelial cells. J Hypertens. 1920;(7):1347-1354
98. Fujimori K, Aritake K, Urade Y. A novel pathway to enhance adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by up-regulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase mediated by liver X receptor-activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(25):18458-18466
99. Cipollone F, Fazia M, Iezzi A, et al. Balance between PGD synthase and PGE synthase is a major determinant of atherosclerotic plaque instability in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(7):1259-1265
100. Han F, Takeda K, Ishikawa K, et al. Induction of lipocalintype prostaglandin D synthase in mouse heart under hypoxemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;385(3):449-453
101. Traub O, Berk BC. Laminar shear stress: mechanisms by which endothelial cells transduce an atheroprotective force [review]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18(5):677-685
102. Tanaka R, Miwa Y, Mou K, et al. Knockout of the l-pgds gene aggravates obesity and atherosclerosis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;378(4):851-856
103. Ito H, Yan X, Nagata N, et al. PGD2-CRTH2 pathway promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(11):1797-1809
104. Irikura D, Aritake K, Nagata N,Maruyama T, Shimamoto S, Urade Y. Biochemical, functional, and pharmacological characterization of AT-56, an orally active and selective inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(12): 7623-7630
105. Norman P. DP(2) receptor antagonists in development [review]. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2010;(8):947-961
106. Rule AD, Bailey KR, Turner ST. What is the goal with endogenous filtration markers-estimation of GFR or prediction of kidney outcomes? Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58(6):865-867
107. Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, et al. Using proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate to classify risk in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(1):12-21
108. Tangri N, Stevens LA, Griffith J, et al. A predictive model for progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure. JAMA. 2011;305(15):1553-1559
109. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group [comment]. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130(6):461-470
110. Schwartz GJ, Brion LP, Spitzer A. The use of plasma creatinine concentration for estimating glomerular filtration rate in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1987;34(3):571-590.