Digital Holographic Microscopy: A New Imaging Technique to Quantitatively Explore Cell Dynamics with Nanometer Sensitivity

Multi-Dimensional Imaging

Volumn 9781118449837, Issue , 2014, Pages 197-223

  Marquet, Pierre ^a,b   Depeursinge, Christian ^b  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Absolute cell volume; Aquaporins; Cell imaging; Cell membrane fluctuations; Cotransporters; Digital holographic microscopy; Digital holography quantitative phase microscopy; Dry mass; Glutamate; Neuronal activity; Neuronal swelling; Protein content; Quantitative phase microscopy; Red blood cells; Refractive index; Transmembrane ionic currents; Transmembrane water movements

Indexed keywords

BLOOD; CELLS; CYTOLOGY; HOLOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; NEURAL NETWORKS; NEURONS; PHASE MEASUREMENT; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; PROTEINS;

ABSOLUTE CELL VOLUME; AQUAPORINS; CELL IMAGING; CELL MEMBRANE FLUCTUATION; CELL VOLUME; CO-TRANSPORTERS; DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY; DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY QUANTITATIVE PHASE MICROSCOPY; DRY MASS; GLUTAMATE; MEMBRANE FLUCTUATIONS; NEURONAL ACTIVITIES; NEURONAL SWELLING; PROTEIN CONTENTS; QUANTITATIVE PHASE MICROSCOPIES; RED BLOOD CELL; TRANSMEMBRANE IONIC CURRENTS; TRANSMEMBRANE WATER MOVEMENT; TRANSMEMBRANES; WATER MOVEMENTS;

REFRACTIVE INDEX;

EID: 84907527495     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118705766.ch9     Document Type: Chapter

References (188)

1. Zernike F. 1942. Phase contrast, a new method for the microscopic observation of transparent objects. Physica 9:686-6898.
2. Barer R. 1952. Interference microscopy and mass determination. Nature (London) 169:366-367.
3. Dunn GA, Zicha D. 1993. Phase-shifting interference microscopy applied to the analysis of cell behavior. Sym Soc Exp Biol 47:91-106.
4. Gabor D. 1948. A new microscopic principle. Nature 161:777-778.
5. Conchello JA, Lichtman JW. 2005. Optical sectioning microscopy. Nat Methods 2:920-931.
6. Giepmans BN, Adams SR, Ellisman MH, Tsien RY. 2006. The fluorescent toolbox for assessing protein location and function. Science 312:217-224.
7. Campagnola P. 2011. Second harmonic generation imaging microscopy: applications to diseases diagnostics. Anal Chem 83:3224-3231.
8. Fujita K, Smith NI. 2008. Label-free molecular imaging of living cells. Molecules and cells 26:530-5.
9. Schermelleh L, Heintzmann R, Leonhardt H. 2010 A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. J Cell Biol 190:165-175.
10. Gould TJ, Hess ST, Bewersdorf J. 2012 Optical nanoscopy: from acquisition to analysis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 14:231-254.
11. Indebetouw G, Klysubun P. 2001. Spatiotemporal digital microholography. J Opt Soc Am A 18:319-325.
12. Klysubun P, Indebetouw G. 2001. A posteriori processing of spatiotemporal digital microholograms. J Opt Soc Am A 18:326-331.
13. Cuche E, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 1999. Simultaneous amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by numerical reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms. Appl Optics 38:6994-7001.
14. Yamaguchi I, Zhang T. 1997. Phase-shifting digital holography. Opt Lett 22:1268-1270.
15. Marquet P, Rappaz B, Magistretti PJ, Cuche E, Emery Y, et al. 2005. Digital holographic microscopy: a noninvasive contrast imaging technique allowing quantitative visualization of living cells with subwavelength axial accuracy. Opt Lett 30:468-470.
16. Mihailescu M, Scarlat M, Gheorghiu A, Costescu J, Kusko M, et al. 2011. Automated imaging, identification, and counting of similar cells from digital hologram reconstructions. Appl Optics 50:3589-3597.
17. Molder A, Sebesta M, Gustafsson M, Gisselson L, Wingren AG, Alm K. 2008. Non-invasive, label-free cell counting and quantitative analysis of adherent cells using digital holography. Journal of Microscopy 232:240-247.
18. Danesh Panah M, Zwick S, Schaal F,Warber M, Javidi B, OstenW. 2010. 3D holographic imaging and trapping for non-invasive cell identification and tracking. J Disp Technol 6:490-499.
19. Moon I, Javidi B, Yi F, Boss D, Marquet P. 2012. Automated statistical quantification of three-dimensional morphology and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of multiple red blood cells. Opt Express 20:10295-10309.
20. Crha I, Zakova J, Huser M, Ventruba P, Lousova E, Pohanka M. 2011. Digital holographic microscopy in human sperm imaging. J Assist Reprod Gen 28:725-729.
21. Liu R, Dey DK, Boss D, Marquet P, Javidi B. 2011. Recognition and classification of red blood cells using digital holographic microscopy and data clustering with discriminant analysis. J Opt Soc Am A 28:1204-1210.
22. Memmolo P, Di Caprio G, Distante C, Paturzo M, Puglisi R, et al. 2011. Identification of bovine sperm head for morphometry analysis in quantitative phase-contrast holographic microscopy. Opt Express 19:23215-26.
23. Janeckova H, Vesely P, Chmelik R. 2009. Proving tumour cells by acute nutritional/energy deprivation as a survival threat: a task for microscopy. Anticancer Res 29:2339-2345.
24. Mann CJ, Yu LF, Lo CM, KimMK. 2005. High-resolution quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by digital holography. Opt Express 13:8693-8698.
25. Choi YS, Lee SJ. 2009. Three-dimensional volumetric measurement of red blood cell motion using digital holographic microscopy. Appl Optics 48:2983-2990.
26. Langehanenberg P, Ivanova L, Bernhardt I, Ketelhut S, Vollmer A, et al. 2009. Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 14:014018.
27. ToyMF, Richard S,Kuhn J, Franco-Obregon A, Egli M, Depeursinge C. 2012. Digital holographic microscopy for the cytomorphological imaging of cells under zero gravity. Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XIX, p. 8227.
28. Antkowiak M, Callens N, Yourassowsky C, Dubois F. 2008. Extended focused imaging of a microparticle field with digital holographic microscopy. Opt Lett 33:1626-1628.
29. Colomb T, Pavillon N, Kuhn J, Cuche E, Depeursinge C, Emery Y. 2010. Extended depth-of-focus by digital holographic microscopy. Opt Lett 35:1840-1842.
30. McElhinney C, Bryan Hennelly, Naughton T. 2008. Extended focused imaging for digital holograms of macroscopic three-dimensional objects. Appl Optics 47:D71-D79.
31. Warnasooriya N, Joud F, Bun P, Tessier G, Coppey-Moisan M, et al. 2010. Imaging gold nanoparticles in living cell environments using heterodyne digital holographic microscopy. Opt Express 18:3264-3273.
32. Bohm M, Mastrofrancesco A,Weiss N, Kemper B, von Bally G, et al. 2011. PACE4, a member of the prohormone convertase family, mediates increased proliferation, migration and invasiveness of melanoma cells in vitro and enhanced subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 131:S108.
33. Dubois F, Yourassowsky C, Monnom O, Legros JC, Debeir O, et al. 2006. Digital holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis of in vitro cancer cell migration. J Biomed Opt 11:054032 (5 pages).
34. Sun H, Song B, Dong H, Reid B, Player MA, et al. 2008. Visualization of fast-moving cells in vivo using digital holographic video microscopy. J Biomed Opt 13:014007-014009.
35. DaneshPanah M, Javidi B. 2007. Tracking biological microorganisms in sequence of 3D holographic microscopy images. Opt Express 15:10761-10766.
36. Rappaz B, Cano E, Colomb T, Kuhn J, Depeursinge C, et al. 2009. Noninvasive characterization of the fission yeast cell cycle by monitoring dry mass with digital holographic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 14:034049.
37. Rappaz B, Barbul A, Hoffmann A, Boss D, Korenstein R, et al. 2009. Spatial analysis of erythrocyte membrane fluctuations by digital holographic microscopy. Blood Cell Mol Dis 42:228-232.
38. Cardenas N,Yu LF,Mohanty SK. 2011. Stretching of red blood cells by optical tweezers quantified by digital holographic microscopy. Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII p. 7897.
39. Rappaz B, Marquet P, Cuche E, Emery Y, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ. 2005. Measurement of the integral refractive index and dynamic cell morphometry of living cells with digital holographic microscopy. Opt Express 13:9361-9373.
40. Jourdain P, Pavillon N, Moratal C, Boss D, Rappaz B, et al. 2011. Determination of transmembrane water fluxes in neurons elicited by glutamate ionotropic receptors and by the cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1: A digital holographic microscopy study. J Neurosci 31:11846-11854.
41. Jourdain P, Boss D, Rappaz B, Moratal C, Hernandez MC, et al. 2012. Simultaneous optical recording in multiple cells by digital holographic microscopy of chloride current associated to activation of the ligand-gated chloride channel GABA(A) receptor. PloS One 7:e51041.
42. Popescu G, Ikeda T, Best CA, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, Feld MS. 2005. Erythrocyte structure and dynamics quantified by Hilbert phase microscopy. J Biomed Opt 10:060503.
43. Veselov O, Lekki J, Polak W, Strivay D, Stachura Z, et al. 2005. The recognition of biological cells utilizing quantitative phase microscopy system. Nucl Instrum Meth B 231:212-217.
44. Indebetouw G, Tada Y, Leacock J. 2006. Quantitative phase imaging with scanning holographic microscopy: an experimental assessment. Biomed Eng Online 5.
45. Amin MS, Park Y, Lue N, Dasari RR, Badizadegan K, et al. 2007. Microrheology of red blood cell membranes using dynamic scattering microscopy. Opt Express 15:17001-17009.
46. Fang-Yen C, Oh S, Park Y, Choi W, Song S, et al. 2007. Imaging voltage-dependent cell motions with heterodyne Mach-Zehnder phase microscopy. Opt Lett 32:1572-1574.
47. Park Y, Popescu G, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, Feld MS. 2007. Fresnel particle tracing in three dimensions using diffraction phase microscopy. Opt Lett 32:811-813.
48. Whelan MP, Lakestani F, Rembges D, Sacco MG. 2007. Heterodyne interference microscopy for non-invasive cell morphometry - art. no. 66310E. Novel Optical Instrumentation for Biomedical Applications III 6631:E6310.
49. Brazhe AR, Brazhe NA, Rodionova NN, Yusipovich AI, Ignatyev PS, et al. 2008. Non-invasive study of nerve fibres using laser interference microscopy. Philos T R Soc A 366:3463-3481.
50. Lue N, Choi W, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, Feld MS, Popescu G. 2008. Confocal diffraction phase microscopy of live cells. Opt Lett 33:2074-2076.
51. Pavani SRP, Libertun AR, King SV, Cogswell CJ. 2008. Quantitative structured-illumination phase microscopy. Appl Optics 47:15-24.
52. Popescu G, Park Y, Choi W, Dasari RR, Feld MS, Badizadegan K. 2008. Imaging red blood cell dynamics by quantitative phase microscopy. Blood Cell Mol Dis 41:10-16.
53. Tychinsky VP, Kretushev AV, Klemyashov IV, Vyshenskaya TV, Filippova NA, et al. 2008. Quantitative real-time analysis of nucleolar stress by coherent phase microscopy. J Biomed Opt 13:064032.
54. Warger WC, DiMarzio CA. 2008. Modeling of optical quadrature microscopy for imaging mouse embryos - art. no. 68610T. In Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy:Image Acquisition and Processing XV, eds JA Conchello, CJ Cogswell, T Wilson, TG Brown, 6861:T8610-T.
55. Lee S, Lee JY,YangW,KimDY. 2009. Themeasurement of red blood cell volume change induced by Ca(2+) based on full field quantitative phase microscopy. Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues VII, p. 7182.
56. Park Y, Yamauchi T, Choi W, Dasari R, Feld MS. 2009. Spectroscopic phase microscopy for quantifying hemoglobin concentrations in intact red blood cells. Opt Lett 34:3668-3670.
57. Shaked NT, Zhu YZ, Rinehart MT, Wax A. 2009. Two-step-only phase-shifting interferometry with optimized detector bandwidth for microscopy of live cells. Opt Express 17:15585-15591.
58. Moradi AR, Ali MK, Daneshpanah M, Anand A, Javidi B. 2010. Detection of calcium-induced morphological changes of living cells using optical traps. IEEE Photonics J 2:775-783.
59. Shaked NT, Finan JD, Guilak F, Wax A. 2010. Quantitative phase microscopy of articular chondrocyte dynamics by wide-field digital interferometry. J Biomed Opt 15(1):010505.
60. Tychinsky VP, Tikhonov AN. 2010. Interference microscopy in cell biophysics. 2. Visualization of individual cells and energy-transducing organelles. Cell Biochem Biophys 58:117-128.
61. Wang P, Bista RK, Khalbuss WE, Qiu W, Uttam S, et al. 2010. Nanoscale nuclear architecture for cancer diagnosis beyond pathology via spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy. J Biomed Opt 15:066028.
62. Xue L, Lai JC, Li ZH. 2010. Quantitative phase microscopy of red blood cells with slightly-off-axis interference. Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics IV 7845:784505-784508.
63. Yamauchi T, Sugiyama N, Sakurai T, Iwai H, Yamashita Y. 2010. Label-free classification of cell types by imaging of Cell Membrane Fluctuations Using Low-Coherent Full-Field Quantitative PhaseMicroscopy. Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XVII 7570:75700X-X-8.
64. Yang W, Lee S, Lee J, Bae Y, Kim D. 2010. Silver nanoparticle-induced degranulation observed with quantitative phase microscopy. J Biomed Opt 15:045005.
65. Gonzalez-Laprea J, Marquez A, Noris-Suarez K, Escalona R. 2011. Study of bone cells by quantitative phase microscopy using a Mirau interferometer. Rev Mex Fis 57:435-440.
66. Lee S,Kim YR, Lee JY, Rhee JH, Park CS,KimDY. 2011. Dynamic analysis of pathogen-infected host cells using quantitative phase microscopy. J Biomed Opt 16:036004.
67. Kim M, Choi Y, Fang-Yen C, Sung YJ, Dasari RR, et al. 2011. High-speed synthetic aperture microscopy for live cell imaging. Opt Lett 36:148-150.
68. Lee S, Lee JY, Park CS, Kim DY. 2011. Detrended fluctuation analysis of membrane flickering in discocyte and spherocyte red blood cells using quantitative phase microscopy. J Biomed Opt 16:076009.
69. Park YK, Best CA, Auth T, Gov NS, Safran SA, et al. 2010. Metabolic remodeling of the human red blood cell membrane. P Natl Acad Sci USA 107:1289-1294.
70. Wang P, Bista R, Bhargava R, Brand RE, Liu Y. 2011. Spatial-domain Low-coherence Quantitative Phase Microscopy for Cancer Diagnosis. Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XV 7889.
71. Wang R, Ding HF,Mir M, Tangella K, Popescu G. 2011. Effective 3D viscoelasticity of red blood cells measured by diffraction phase microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2:485-490.
72. Yamauchi T, Iwai H, Yamashita Y. 2011. Label-free imaging of intracellular motility by low-coherent quantitative phase microscopy. Opt Express 19:5536-5550.
73. Yaqoob Z, Yamauchi T, Choi W, Fu D, Dasari RR, Feld MS. 2011. Single-shot full-field reflection phase microscopy. Opt Express 19:7587-7595.
74. Ansari R, Aherrahrou R, Aherrahrou Z, Erdmann J, Huttmann G, Schweikard A. 2012. Quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte dynamics with optical coherence phase Microscopy. Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine Xvi 8213:821338.
75. Cardenas N, Mohanty SK. 2012. Investigation of shape memory of red blood cells using optical tweezers and quantitative phase microscopy. Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues X 8225:82252B.
76. Pan F, Liu S,Wang Z, Shang P, XiaoW. 2012. Dynamic and quantitative phase-contrast imaging of living cells under simulated zero gravity by digital holographic microscopy and superconducting magnet. Laser Phys 22:1435-1438.
77. Tychinsky VP, Kretushev AV, Vyshenskaya TV, Shtil AA. 2012. Dissecting eukaryotic cells by coherent phase microscopy: quantitative analysis of quiescent and activated T lymphocytes. J Biomed Opt 17:076020.
78. Yamauchi T, Sakurai T, Iwai H, Yamashita Y. 2012. Long-term measurement of spontaneous membrane fluctuations over a wide dynamic range in the living cell by low-coherent quantitative phase microscopy. Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues X 8225:82250A.
79. Curl CL, Bellair CJ, Harris PJ, Allman BE, Roberts A, et al. 2004. Quantitative phase microscopy:a new tool for investigating the structure and function of unstained live cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol P 31:896-901.
80. Almoro PF, Waller L, Agour M, Falldorf C, Pedrini G, et al. 2012. Enhanced deterministic phase retrieval using a partially developed speckle field. Opt Lett 37:2088-2090.
81. Bon P, Maucort G, Wattellier B, Monneret S. 2009. Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry for quantitative phase microscopy of living cells. Opt Express 17:13080-13094.
82. Almoro PF, Pedrini G, Gundu PN, Osten W, Hanson SG. 2010. Phasemicroscopy of technical and biological samples through random phase modulation with a diffuser. Opt Lett 35:1028-1030.
83. Zhang Y, Pedrini G, Osten W, Tiziani HJ. 2004. Phase retrieval microscopy for quantitative phase-contrast imaging. Optik 115:94-96.
84. Chhaniwal VK, Anand A, Faridian A, Pedrini G, OstenW, Javidi B. 2011. Single beam quantitative phase contrast 3D microscopy of cells. Proc Spie 8092:80920D-D-8.
85. Bao P, Situ G, Pedrini G, Osten W. 2012. Lensless phase microscopy using phase retrieval with multiple illumination wavelengths. Appl Optics 51:5486-5494.
86. Cogswell CJ, Smith NI, Larkin KG, Hariharan P. 1997. Quantitative DIC microscopy using a geometric phase shifter. Three-Dimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing IV, Proceedings of 2984:72-81.
87. Ishiwata H, Yatagai T, ItohM, Tsukada A. 1999. Quantitative phase analysis in retardation modulated differential interference contrast (RM-DIC) microscope. Interferometry '99: Techniques and Technologies 3744:183-187.
88. Totzeck M, Kerwien N, Tavrov A, Rosenthal E, Tiziani HJ. 2002. Quantitative Zernike phase-contrast microscopy by use of structured birefringent pupil-filters and phase-shift evaluation. P Soc Photo-Opt Ins 4777:1-11.
89. King SV, Libertun A, Piestun R, Cogswell CJ, Preza C. 2008. Quantitative phase microscopy through differential interference imaging. J Biomed Opt 13:024020.
90. Kou SS, Waller L, Barbastathis G, Sheppard CJR. 2010. Transport-of-intensity approach to differential interference contrast (TI-DIC) microscopy for quantitative phase imaging. Opt Lett 35:447-449.
91. Fu D, Oh S, Choi W, Yamauchi T, Dorn A, et al. 2010. Quantitative DIC microscopy using an off-axis self-interference approach. Opt Lett 35:2370-2302.
92. Gao P, Yao BL, Harder I, Lindlein N, Torcal-Milla FJ. 2011. Phase-shifting Zernike phase contrast microscopy for quantitative phase measurement. Opt Lett 36:4305-4307.
93. Pavillon N. 2011. Cellular dynamics and three-dimensional refractive index distribution studied with quantitative phase imaging (Doctoral dissertation).
94. Gabor D. 1948. A new microscopic principle. Nature 161:777.
95. Gabor D. 1949. Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Serie A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 197:454-487.
96. Leith EN, Upatnieks J. 1964. Wavefront reconstruction with diffused illumination and three-dimensional objects. J Opt Soc Am 54:1295-1301.
97. Leith EN, Upatniek.J. 1962. Reconstructed wavefronts and communication theory. J Opt Soc Am 52:1123.
98. Wolf E, Shewell JR. 1970. Diffraction theory of holography. J Math Phys 11:2254.
99. Carter WH. 1970. Computational reconstruction of scattering objects from holograms. J Opt Soc Am 60:306-314.
100. Dubois F, Callens N, Yourassowsky C, Hoyos M, Kurowski P, Monnom O. 2006. Digital holographic microscopy with reduced spatial coherence for three-dimensional particle flow analysis. Appl Optics 45:864-871.
101. Kemper B, Stürwald S, Remmersmann C, Langehanenberg P, von Bally G. 2008. Characterisation of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for application in digital holographic microscopy for inspection of micro and nanostructured surfaces. Opt Laser Eng 46:499-507.
102. Ansari Z, Gu Y, Tziraki M, Jones R, French PMW, et al. 2001. Elimination of beam walk-off in low-coherence off-axis photorefractive holography. Opt. Lett. 26:334-336.
103. Goodman JW, Lawrence RW. 1967. Digital image formation from electronically detected holograms. Applied Physics Letters 11:77-79.
104. Schnars U, JüptnerW. 1994. Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction. Appl Optics 33:179-181.
105. Coquoz O, Conde R, Taleblou F, Depeursinge C. 1995. Performances of endoscopic holography with a multicore optical-fiber. Appl Optics 34:7186-7193.
106. Bruning JH, Herriott DR, Gallaghe JE, Rosenfel DP, White AD, Brangacc DJ. 1974. Digital wavefront measuring interferometer for testing optical surfaces and lenses. Appl Optics 13:2693-2703.
107. Carré P. 1966. Installation et utilisation du comparateur photoélectrique et interférentiel du Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. Metrologia 2:13-33.
108. Kreis T. 2005. Handbook of Holographic Interferometry:Optical and DigitalMethods.Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
109. Rastogi P. 1994. Holographic Interferometry: Principles and Methods. NY: Springer-Verlag.
110. Guo P, Devaney AJ. 2004. Digital microscopy using phase-shifting digital holography with two reference waves. Opt Lett 29:857-859.
111. Liu JP, Poon TC. 2009. Two-step-only quadrature phase-shifting digital holography. Opt Lett 34:250-252.
112. Awatsuji Y, Sasada M, Kubota T. 2004. Parallel quasi-phase-shifting digital holography. Applied Physics Letters 85:1069-1071.
113. Guo CS, Zhang L, Wang HT, Liao J, Zhu YY. 2002. Phase-shifting error and its elimination in phase-shifting digital holography. Opt Lett 27:1687-1689.
114. Xu XF, Cai LZ, Wang YR, Meng XF, Sun WJ, et al. 2008. Simple direct extraction of unknown phase shift and wavefront reconstruction in generalized phase-shifting interferometry: algorithm and experiments. Opt. Lett. 33:776-778.
115. Wang Z, Han B. 2004. Advanced iterative algorithm for phase extraction of randomly phase-shifted interferograms. Opt Lett 29:1671-1673.
116. Schnars U, JuptnerW. 1994. Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction. Appl Optics 33:179-181.
117. Takeda M, Ina H, Kobayashi S. 1982. Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry. J Opt Soc Am 72:156-160.
118. Kreis T. 1986. Digital holographic interference-phase measurement using the Fourier-transform method. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. Optics and Image Science 3:847-855.
119. Cuche E, Poscio P, Depeursinge C. 1997. Optical tomography by means of a numerical low-coherence holographic technique. Journal of Optics-Nouvelle Revue D Optique 28:260-264.
120. Montfort F, Charrière F, Colomb T, Cuche E, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2006. Purely numerical compensation for microscope objective phase curvature in digital holographic microscopy:influence of digital phase mask position. J Opt Soc Am A 23:2944-2953.
121. Colomb T, Montfort F, Kühn J, Aspert N, Cuche E, et al. 2006. Numerical parametric lens for shifting, magnification and complete aberration compensation in digital holographic microscopy. J Opt Soc Am A 23:3177-190.
122. Colomb T, Kühn J, Charrière F, Depeursinge C, Marquet P,AspertN. 2006. Total aberrations compensation in digital holographic microscopy with a reference conjugated hologram. Opt Express 14:4300-4306.
123. Colomb T, Cuche E, Charrière F, Kühn J, Aspert N, et al. 2006. Automatic procedure for aberration compensation in digital holographic microscopy and applications to specimen shape compensation. Appl Optics 45:851-863.
124. Colomb T, Charriere F, Kuhn J, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2008. Advantages of digital holographic microscopy for real-time full field absolute phase imaging - art. no. 686109. Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XV 6861:86109.
125. Ferraro P, Grilli S, Alfieri D, Nicola SD, Finizio A, et al. 2005. Extended focused image in microscopy by digital Holography. Opt Express 13:6738-6749.
126. Cuche E, Bevilacqua F, Depeursinge C. 1999. Digital holography for quantitative phase-contrast imaging. Opt Lett 24:291-293.
127. Haddad WS, Cullen D, Solem JC, Longworth JW, McPherson A, et al. 1992. Fourier-transform holographic microscope. Appl Optics 31:4973-4978.
128. Takaki Y, Kawai H, Ohzu H. 1999. Hybrid holographic microscopy free of conjugate and zero-order images. Appl Optics 38:4990-4996.
129. Xu W, Jericho MH, Meinertzhagendagger IA, Kreuzer HJ. 2001. Digital in-line holography for biological applications. PNAS 98:11301-11305.
130. Colomb T, Dahlgren P, Beghuin D, Cuche E, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2002. Polarization imaging by use of digital holography. Appl Optics 41:27-37.
131. Colomb T, Dürr F, Cuche E, Marquet P, Limberger H, et al. 2005. Polarization microscopy by use of digital holography: application to optical fiber birefringence measurements. Appl Optics 44:4461-4469.
132. Kuhn J, Colomb T, Montfort F, Charriere F, Emery Y, et al. 2007. Real-time dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy with a single hologram acquisition. Opt Express 15:7231-7242.
133. Zhang T, Yamaguchi I. 1998. Three-dimensional microscopy with phase-shifting digital holography. Opt Lett 23:1221-1223.
134. Cuche E, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2000. Spatial filtering for zero-order and twin-image elimination in digital off-axis holography. Appl Optics 39:4070-4075.
135. Cuche E,Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2000. Aperture apodization using cubic spline interpolation:application in digital holographic microscopy. Opt Commun 182:59-69.
136. Charriere F, Colomb T, Montfort F, Cuche E, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2006. Shot-noise influence on the reconstructed phase image signal-to-noise ratio in digital holographic microscopy. Appl Optics 45:7667-7673.
137. Charrière F, Rappaz B, Kühn J, Colomb T, Marquet P, Depeursinge C. 2007. Influence of shot noise on phase measurement accuracy in digital holographic microscopy. Opt Express 15:8818-8831.
138. Seo S, Isikman SO, Sencan I, Mudanyali O, Su TW, et al. 2010. High-throughput lens-free blood analysis on a chip. Analytical Chemistry 82:4621-4627.
139. Milgram JH, Li WC. 2002. Computational reconstruction of images from holograms. Appl Optics 41:853-864.
140. Yi F, Lee CG, Moon IK. 2012. Statistical analysis of 3D volume of red blood cells with different shapes via digital holographic microscopy. J Opt Soc Korea 16:115-120.
141. Moon I, Yi F, Javidi B. 2010. Automated three-dimensional microbial sensing and recognition using digital holography and statistical sampling. Sensors-Basel 10:8437-8451.
142. Javidi B, Daneshpanah M, Moon I. 2010. Three-dimensional holographic imaging for identification of biological micro/nanoorganisms. IEEE Photonics J 2:256-259.
143. Anand A, Chhaniwal VK, Javidi B. 2011. imaging embryonic stem cell dynamics using quantitative 3-D digital holographic microscopy. IEEE Photonics J 3:546-554.
144. Miccio L, Finizio A, Memmolo P, Paturzo M, Merola F, et al. 2011. Detection and visualization improvement of spermatozoa cells by digital holography. In Molecular Imaging III, eds CP Lin, V Ntziachristos, p. 8089.
145. Antkowiak M, Callens N, Schockaert C, Yourassowsky C, Dubois F. 2008. Accurate three-dimensional detection of micro-particles by means of digital holographic microscopy - art. no. 699514. In Optical Micro- and Nanometrology in Microsystems Technology II, eds C Gorecki, AK Asundi, W Osten, 6995:99514.
146. Bae Y, Lee S, Yang W, Kim DY. 2010. Three-dimensional Single Particle Tracking using Off-axis Digital Holographic Microscopy. Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications VII 7574:757408.
147. Hsieh CL, Grange R, Pu Y, Psaltis D. 2009. Three-dimensional harmonic holographic microcopy using nanoparticles as probes for cell imaging. Opt Express 17:2880-2891.
148. Shaffer E, Depeursinge C. 2010. Digital holography for second harmonic microscopy: application to 3D-tracking of nanoparticles. Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care II 7715.
149. Mann CJ, Yu LF, Kim MK. 2006. Movies of cellular and sub-cellular motion by digital holographic microscopy. Biomed Eng Online 5:21.
150. Sun HY, Song B, Dong HP, Reid B, Player MA, et al. 2008. Visualization of fast-moving cells in vivo using digital holographic video microscopy. J Biomed Opt 13:014007.
151. Javidi B, Moon I, Daneshpanaha M. 2010. Detection, identification and tracking of biological micro/nano organisms by computational 3D optical imaging. Biosensing III 7759:77590R-R-6.
152. Barer R. 1953. Determination of dry mass, thickness, solid and water concentration in living cells. Nature (London) 172:1097-1098.
153. Popescu G, Park Y, Lue N, Best-Popescu C, Deflores L, et al. 2008. Optical imaging of cell mass and growth dynamics. Am J Physiol-Cell Ph 295:C538-C544.
154. Kemper B, Bauwens A, Vollmer A, Ketelhut S, Langehanenberg P, et al. 2010. Label-free quantitative cell division monitoring of endothelial cells by digital holographic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 15:036009.
155. Mir M, Wang Z, Shen Z, Bednarz M, Bashir R, et al. 2011. Optical measurement of cycle-dependent cell growth. P Natl Acad Sci USA 108:13124-13129.
156. Zicha D, Dunn GA. 1995. An image-processing system for cell behavior studies in subconfluent cultures. J Microsc-Oxford 179:11-21.
157. Rappaz B, Barbul A, Emery Y, Korenstein R, Depeursinge C, et al. 2008. Comparative study of human erythrocytes by digital holographic microscopy, confocal microscopy, and impedance volume analyzer. Cytom Part A 73A:895-903.
158. Yusipovich AI, Parshina EY, Brysgalova NY, Brazhe AR, Brazhe NA, et al. 2009. Laser interference microscopy in erythrocyte study. J Appl Phys 105:102037.
159. Pham H, Bhaduri B, Ding HF, Popescu G. 2012. Spectroscopic diffraction phase microscopy. Opt Lett 37:3438-3440.
160. Rinehart M, Zhu YZ, Wax A. 2012. Quantitative phase spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 3:958-965.
161. Jang Y, Jang J, Park Y. 2012. Dynamic spectroscopic phase microscopy for quantifying hemoglobin concentration and dynamic membrane fluctuation in red blood cells. Opt Express 20:9673-9681.
162. Boss D, Hoffmann A, Rappaz B, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ, et al. 2012. Spatially-resolved eigenmode decomposition of red blood cells membrane fluctuations questions the role of ATP in flickering. Plos One 7:e40667.
163. Mauritz JMA, Esposito A, Tiffert T, Skepper JN, Warley A, et al. 2010. Biophotonic techniques for the study of malaria-infected red blood cells. Med Biol Eng Comput 48:1055-1063.
164. Cardenas N, Yu LF, Mohanty SK. 2011. Probing orientation and rotation of red blood cells in optical tweezers by digital holographic microscopy. Optical Diagnostics and Sensing Xi: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissue Iii 7906:790613-790619.
165. EsselingM, Kemper B, Antkowiak M, Stevenson DJ, Chaudet L, et al. 2012. Multimodal biophotonic workstation for live cell analysis. J Biophotonics 5:9-13.
166. Lue N, Popescu G, Ikeda T, Dasari RR, Badizadegan K, Feld MS. 2006. Live cell refractometry using microfluidic devices. Opt Lett 31:2759-2761.
167. Kemper B, Kosmeier S, Langehanenberg P, von Bally G, Bredebusch I, et al. 2007. Integral refractive index determination of living suspension cells by multifocus digital holographic phase contrast microscopy. J Biomed Opt 12:054009 (5 pages).
168. Rappaz B, Charrière F, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ, Marquet P. 2008. Simultaneous cell morphometry and refractive indexmeasurement with dual-wavelength digital holographicmicroscopy and dye-enhanced dispersion of perfusion medium. Opt Lett 33:744-746.
169. Boss D, Kuhn J, Jourdain P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ, Marquet P. Measurement of absolute cell volume, osmotic membrane water permeability, and refractive index of transmembrane water and solute flux by digital holographic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 18:036007.
170. Boss D, Kuehn J, Jourdain P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ, Marquet P. 2013. Measurement of absolute cell volume and osmotic water membrane permeability by real time dual wavelength holographic microscopy. J Biomed Opt in press.
171. Cossart R, Aronov D, Yuste R. 2003. Attractor dynamics of network UP states in the neocortex. Nature 423:283-288.
172. Peterka DS, Takahashi H, Yuste R. 2011. Imaging voltage in neurons. Neuron 69:9-21.
173. Carter KM, George JS, Rector DM. 2004. Simultaneous birefringence and scattered light measurements reveal anatomical features in isolated crustacean nerve. J Neurosci Methods 135:9-16.
174. Cohen LB. 1973. Changes in neuron structure during action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. Physiol Rev 53:373-418.
175. Tasaki I, Watanabe A, Sandlin R, Carnay L. 1968. Changes in fluorescence, turbidity, and birefringence associated with nerve excitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 61:883-888.
176. Hill DK, Keynes RD. 1949. Opacity changes in stimulated nerve. J Physiol 108:278-281.
177. Tasaki I, Byrne PM. 1992. Rapid structural changes in nerve fibers evoked by electric current pulses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188:559-564.
178. Stepnoski RA, LaPorta A, Raccuia-Behling F, Blonder GE, Slusher RE, Kleinfeld D. 1991. Noninvasive detection of changes in membrane potential in cultured neurons by light scattering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:9382-9386.
179. Holthoff K, Witte OW. 1996. Intrinsic optical signals in rat neocortical slices measured with near-infrared dark-field microscopy reveal changes in extracellular space. J Neurosci 16:2740-2749.
180. Andrew RD, Adams JR, Polischuk TM. 1996. Imaging NMDA- and kainate-induced intrinsic optical signals from the hippocampal slice. J Neurophysiol 76:2707-2717.
181. MacVicar BA, Hochman D. 1991. Imaging of synaptically evoked intrinsic optical signals in hippocampal slices. J Neurosci 11:1458-1469.
182. Pavillon N, Benke A, Boss D, Moratal C, Kuhn J, et al. 2010. Cell morphology and intracellular ionic homeostasis explored with a multimodal approach combining epifluorescence and digital holographic microscopy. J Biophotonics 3:432-436.
183. Charrière F, Marian A, Montfort F, Kühn J, Colomb T, et al. 2006. Cell refractive index tomography by digital holographic microscopy. Opt Lett 31:178-810.
184. Debailleul M, Georges V, Simon B, Morin R, Haeberle O. 2009. High-resolution three-dimensional tomographic diffractive microscopy of transparent inorganic and biological samples. Opt Lett 34:79-81.
185. Choi W, Fang-Yen C, Badizadegan K, Oh S, Lue N, et al. 2007. Tomographic phase microscopy. Nat Methods 4:717-719.
186. Sheppard CJR, Kou SS. 2010. 3D imaging with holographic tomography. International Conference on Advanced Phase Measurement Methods in Optics an Imaging 1236:65-69.
187. Park Y, Diez-Silva M, Fu D, Popescu G, Choi W, et al. 2010. Static and dynamic light scattering of healthy and malaria-parasite invaded red blood cells. J Biomed Opt 15:020506.
188. Cotte Y, Toy FM, Jourdain P, Pavillon N, Boss D, et al. 2013. Marker-free phase nanoscopy. Nature Photonics 7, 113-117.