메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1153-1163

Accuracy of TNM staging in colorectal cancer: A review of current culprits, the modern role of morphology and stepping-stones for improvements in the molecular era

Author keywords

Cancer staging; Colorectal carcinoma; Histopathology; Immunoscore; Tumor node metastases

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGENESIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER STAGING; COLORECTAL CANCER; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DISTANT METASTASIS; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; COLORECTAL TUMOR; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 84907229394     PISSN: 00365521     EISSN: 15027708     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.950692     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (67)

References (117)
  • 5
    • 79953680733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival effect of implementing national treatment strategies for curatively resected colonic and rectal cancer
    • Nedrebø BS, Søreide K, Eriksen MT, Dørum LM, Kvaloy JT, Soreide JA, et al. Survival effect of implementing national treatment strategies for curatively resected colonic and rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2011;98:716-23.
    • (2011) Br J Surg , vol.98 , pp. 716-723
    • Nedrebø, B.S.1    Søreide, K.2    Eriksen, M.T.3    Dørum, L.M.4    Kvaloy, J.T.5    Soreide, J.A.6
  • 7
    • 0031939894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resection of colorectal liver metastases: 25-year experience
    • discussion 76-7
    • Ohlsson B, Stenram U, Tranberg KG. Resection of colorectal liver metastases: 25-year experience. World J Surg 1998; 22:268-76; discussion 76-7.
    • (1998) World J Surg , vol.22 , pp. 268-276
    • Ohlsson, B.1    Stenram, U.2    Tranberg, K.G.3
  • 8
    • 70249110476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: An international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients
    • de Jong MC, Pulitano C, Ribero D, Strub J, Mentha G, Schulick RD, et al. Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: An international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients. Ann Surg 2009;250:440-8.
    • (2009) Ann Surg , vol.250 , pp. 440-448
    • De Jong, M.C.1    Pulitano, C.2    Ribero, D.3    Strub, J.4    Mentha, G.5    Schulick, R.D.6
  • 9
    • 84870948523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles, effectiveness and caveats in screening for cancer
    • Bretthauer M, Kalager M. Principles, effectiveness and caveats in screening for cancer. Br J Surg 2013;100:55-65.
    • (2013) Br J Surg , vol.100 , pp. 55-65
    • Bretthauer, M.1    Kalager, M.2
  • 12
    • 0033941120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor can predict event-free survival in stage II colon cancer
    • Cascinu S, Staccioli MP, Gasparini G, Giordani P, Catalano V, Ghiselli R, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor can predict event-free survival in stage II colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:2803-7.
    • (2000) Clin Cancer Res , vol.6 , pp. 2803-2807
    • Cascinu, S.1    Staccioli, M.P.2    Gasparini, G.3    Giordani, P.4    Catalano, V.5    Ghiselli, R.6
  • 16
    • 84865417194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the seventh edition of the tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) classification for colon cancer in two nationwide registries of the United States and Japan
    • Hashiguchi Y, Hase K, Kotake K, Ueno H, Shinto E, Mochizuki H, et al. Evaluation of the seventh edition of the tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) classification for colon cancer in two nationwide registries of the United States and Japan. Colorectal Dis 2012;14:1065-74.
    • (2012) Colorectal Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1065-1074
    • Hashiguchi, Y.1    Hase, K.2    Kotake, K.3    Ueno, H.4    Shinto, E.5    Mochizuki, H.6
  • 17
    • 77953228914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNM staging system of colorectal carcinoma: A critical appraisal of challenging issues
    • Puppa G, Sonzogni A, Colombari R, Pelosi G. TNM staging system of colorectal carcinoma: A critical appraisal of challenging issues. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:837-52.
    • (2010) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.134 , pp. 837-852
    • Puppa, G.1    Sonzogni, A.2    Colombari, R.3    Pelosi, G.4
  • 18
    • 84856596656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has the new TNM classification for colorectal cancer improved care?
    • Nagtegaal ID, Quirke P, Schmoll HJ. Has the new TNM classification for colorectal cancer improved care? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012;9:119-23.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Clin Oncol , vol.9 , pp. 119-123
    • Nagtegaal, I.D.1    Quirke, P.2    Schmoll, H.J.3
  • 19
  • 21
    • 77957118417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Joint Committee on Cancer 7 edition. Chicago IL Springer
    • American Joint Committee on Cancer. Cancer staging manual. 7 edition. Chicago, IL: Springer; 2010. p 649.
    • (2010) Cancer Staging Manual , pp. 649
  • 22
  • 25
    • 84866975969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact and prognostic implications of colon cancers stage II sub-classification through the years
    • Lorenzon L, Pilozzi E, La Torre M, Ziparo V, Ferri M. Impact and prognostic implications of colon cancers stage II sub-classification through the years. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012;27:1311-18.
    • (2012) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.27 , pp. 1311-1318
    • Lorenzon, L.1    Pilozzi, E.2    La Torre, M.3    Ziparo, V.4    Ferri, M.5
  • 26
    • 84900000688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PT4 stage II and III colon cancers carry the worst prognosis in a nationwide survival analysis. Shepherd's local peritoneal involvement revisited
    • Snaebjornsson P, Coupe VM, Jonasson L, Meijer GA, van Grieken NC, Jonasson JG. pT4 stage II and III colon cancers carry the worst prognosis in a nationwide survival analysis. Shepherd's local peritoneal involvement revisited. Int J Cancer 2014;135:467-78.
    • (2014) Int J Cancer , vol.135 , pp. 467-478
    • Snaebjornsson, P.1    Coupe, V.M.2    Jonasson, L.3    Meijer, G.A.4    Van Grieken, N.C.5    Jonasson, J.G.6
  • 27
    • 79953694501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of serosal invasion and criteria for the classification of pathological (p) T4 staging in colorectal carcinoma: Confusions controversies and criticisms
    • Stewart CJ, Hillery S, Platell C, Puppa G. Assessment of serosal invasion and criteria for the classification of pathological (p) T4 staging in colorectal carcinoma: Confusions, controversies and criticisms. Cancers (Basel) 2011;3:164-81.
    • (2011) Cancers (Basel) , vol.3 , pp. 164-181
    • Stewart, C.J.1    Hillery, S.2    Platell, C.3    Puppa, G.4
  • 28
    • 0034177501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American joint committee on cancer prognostic factors consensus conference: Colorectal workinggroup
    • Compton C, Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Pettigrew N, Fielding LP. American joint committee on cancer prognostic factors consensus conference: Colorectal workinggroup.Cancer2000;88: 1739-57.
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 1739-1757
    • Compton, C.1    Fenoglio-Preiser, C.M.2    Pettigrew, N.3    Fielding, L.P.4
  • 29
    • 58149383090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contiguous invasion per se does not affect prognosis in colon cancer
    • Oh SY, Kim YB, Paek OJ, Suh KW. Contiguous invasion per se does not affect prognosis in colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2009;99:71-4.
    • (2009) J Surg Oncol , vol.99 , pp. 71-74
    • Oh, S.Y.1    Kim, Y.B.2    Paek, O.J.3    Suh, K.W.4
  • 30
    • 33644972820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key issues in reporting common cancer specimens: Problems in pathologic staging of colon cancer
    • Compton CC. Key issues in reporting common cancer specimens: Problems in pathologic staging of colon cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:318-24.
    • (2006) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.130 , pp. 318-324
    • Compton, C.C.1
  • 31
    • 34447509488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal tumour deposits in the mesorectum and pericolon; A critical review
    • Nagtegaal ID, Quirke P. Colorectal tumour deposits in the mesorectum and pericolon; a critical review. Histopathology 2007;51:141-9.
    • (2007) Histopathology , vol.51 , pp. 141-149
    • Nagtegaal, I.D.1    Quirke, P.2
  • 32
    • 0034657661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericolonic tumor deposits in patients with T3N+MO colon adenocarcinomas: Markers of reduced disease free survival and intra-Abdominal metastases and their implications for TNM classification
    • Goldstein NS, Turner JR. Pericolonic tumor deposits in patients with T3N+MO colon adenocarcinomas: Markers of reduced disease free survival and intra-Abdominal metastases and their implications for TNM classification. Cancer 2000;88:2228-38.
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 2228-2238
    • Goldstein, N.S.1    Turner, J.R.2
  • 37
    • 84900477535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debating deposits: An interobserver variability study of lymph nodes and pericolonic tumor deposits in colonic adenocarcinoma
    • Rock JB, Washington MK, Adsay NV, Greenson JK, Montgomery EA, Robert ME, et al. Debating deposits: An interobserver variability study of lymph nodes and pericolonic tumor deposits in colonic adenocarcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014;138:636-42.
    • (2014) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.138 , pp. 636-642
    • Rock, J.B.1    Washington, M.K.2    Adsay, N.V.3    Greenson, J.K.4    Montgomery, E.A.5    Robert, M.E.6
  • 38
    • 84858841492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the tumor deposits be counted as metastatic lymph nodes in the UICC TNM staging system for colorectal cancer?
    • Song YX, Gao P, Wang ZN, Liang JW, Sun Z, Wang MX, et al. Can the tumor deposits be counted as metastatic lymph nodes in the UICC TNM staging system for colorectal cancer? PLoS One 2012;7:e34087.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e34087
    • Song, Y.X.1    Gao, P.2    Wang, Z.N.3    Liang, J.W.4    Sun, Z.5    Wang, M.X.6
  • 39
    • 78649646800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced pathologic analysis for pericolonic tumor deposits is it worth it?
    • Puppa G. Enhanced pathologic analysis for pericolonic tumor deposits: Is it worth it? Am J Clin Pathol 2010;134: 1019-21.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.134 , pp. 1019-1021
    • Puppa, G.1
  • 40
    • 84905187698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic selection method for the development of cancer staging systems
    • Epub ahead of print]
    • Lin Y, Chappell R, Gonen M. A systematic selection method for the development of cancer staging systems. Stat Methods Med Res 2013; [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2013) Stat Methods Med Res
    • Lin, Y.1    Chappell, R.2    Gonen, M.3
  • 41
    • 84870771157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathological work-up of resection specimens, local excisions and biopsies in colorectal cancer
    • Quirke P, Palmer T, Hutchins GG, West NP. Histopathological work-up of resection specimens, local excisions and biopsies in colorectal cancer. Dig Dis 2012;30:2-8.
    • (2012) Dig Dis , vol.30 , pp. 2-8
    • Quirke, P.1    Palmer, T.2    Hutchins, G.G.3    West, N.P.4
  • 42
  • 43
    • 77955496657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based medicine: The time has come to set standards for staging'. Is a radical overhaul really needed?
    • Sobin LH, Compton CA, Gospodarowicz M, Greene FL, Gunderson LL, Jessup JM, et al. 'Evidence-based medicine: The time has come to set standards for staging'. Is a radical overhaul really needed? J Pathol 2010;221:361-2.
    • (2010) J Pathol , vol.221 , pp. 361-362
    • Sobin, L.H.1    Compton, C.A.2    Gospodarowicz, M.3    Greene, F.L.4    Gunderson, L.L.5    Jessup, J.M.6
  • 46
    • 84883134801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of mucinous and signet-ring cell differentiation on epidemiological histological molecular biological features and outcome in patients with colorectal carcinoma]
    • Benedix F, Kuester D, Meyer F, Lippert H. [Influence of mucinous and signet-ring cell differentiation on epidemiological, histological, molecular biological features, and outcome in patients with colorectal carcinoma]. Zentralbl Chir 2013;138:427-33.
    • (2013) Zentralbl Chir , vol.138 , pp. 427-433
    • Benedix, F.1    Kuester, D.2    Meyer, F.3    Lippert, H.4
  • 47
    • 84886090772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucinous and signet-ring cell colorectal cancers differ from classical adenocarcinomas in tumor biology and prognosis
    • Nitsche U, Zimmermann A, Spath C, Muller T, Maak M, Schuster T, et al. Mucinous and signet-ring cell colorectal cancers differ from classical adenocarcinomas in tumor biology and prognosis. Ann Surg 2013;258:775-83.
    • (2013) Ann Surg , vol.258 , pp. 775-783
    • Nitsche, U.1    Zimmermann, A.2    Spath, C.3    Muller, T.4    Maak, M.5    Schuster, T.6
  • 48
    • 56649102187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of signet-ring cells in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma
    • Sung CO, Seo JW, Kim KM, Do IG, Kim SW, Park CK. Clinical significance of signet-ring cells in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2008;21:1533-41.
    • (2008) Mod Pathol , vol.21 , pp. 1533-1541
    • Sung, C.O.1    Seo, J.W.2    Kim, K.M.3    Do, I.G.4    Kim, S.W.5    Park, C.K.6
  • 49
    • 84881312394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal micropapillary carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis and enriched in markers of stem cells
    • Lee HJ, Eom DW, Kang GH, Han SH, Cheon GJ, Oh HS, et al. Colorectal micropapillary carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis and enriched in markers of stem cells. Mod Pathol 2013;26:1123-31.
    • (2013) Mod Pathol , vol.26 , pp. 1123-1131
    • Lee, H.J.1    Eom, D.W.2    Kang, G.H.3    Han, S.H.4    Cheon, G.J.5    Oh, H.S.6
  • 50
    • 84865405225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic micropapillary carcinoma, a recently recognized subtype associated with histological adverse factors: Clinicopathological analysis of 15 cases
    • Lino-Silva LS, Salcedo-Hernandez RA, Caro-Sanchez CH. Colonic micropapillary carcinoma, a recently recognized subtype associated with histological adverse factors: Clinicopathological analysis of 15 cases. Colorectal Dis 2012;14: E567-72.
    • (2012) Colorectal Dis , vol.14 , pp. e567-e572
    • Lino-Silva, L.S.1    Salcedo-Hernandez, R.A.2    Caro-Sanchez, C.H.3
  • 51
    • 84964152542 scopus 로고
    • Histological grading of rectal cancer: Section of pathology
    • Dukes C. Histological grading of rectal cancer: (section of pathology). Proc R Soc Med 1937;30:371-6.
    • (1937) Proc R Soc Med , vol.30 , pp. 371-376
    • Dukes, C.1
  • 52
    • 0001648310 scopus 로고
    • The grading and prognosis of carcinoma of the colon and rectum
    • Grinnell RS. The grading and prognosis of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Ann Surg 1939;109:500-33.
    • (1939) Ann Surg , vol.109 , pp. 500-533
    • Grinnell, R.S.1
  • 54
    • 0036784878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new TNM staging strategy for node-positive (stage III) colon cancer: An analysis of 50,042 patients
    • discussion 21
    • Greene FL, Stewart AK, Norton HJ. A new TNM staging strategy for node-positive (stage III) colon cancer: An analysis of 50,042 patients. Ann Surg 2002;236:416-21; discussion 21.
    • (2002) Ann Surg , vol.236 , pp. 416-421
    • Greene, F.L.1    Stewart, A.K.2    Norton, H.J.3
  • 55
    • 0021233261 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for operable rectal cancer
    • Freedman LS, Macaskill P, Smith AN. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for operable rectal cancer. Lancet 1984; 2:733-6.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 733-736
    • Freedman, L.S.1    MacAskill, P.2    Smith, A.N.3
  • 56
    • 0020658457 scopus 로고
    • Observer variation in the histological grading of rectal carcinoma
    • Thomas GD, Dixon MF, Smeeton NC, Williams NS. Observer variation in the histological grading of rectal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 1983;36:385-91.
    • (1983) J Clin Pathol , vol.36 , pp. 385-391
    • Thomas, G.D.1    Dixon, M.F.2    Smeeton, N.C.3    Williams, N.S.4
  • 57
    • 33845670862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting colorectal cancer
    • Quirke P, Morris E. Reporting colorectal cancer. Histopathology 2007;50:103-12.
    • (2007) Histopathology , vol.50 , pp. 103-112
    • Quirke, P.1    Morris, E.2
  • 58
    • 33846635927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detected blood and lymphatic vessel invasion in colorectal carcinoma: Its impact on prognosis
    • Liang P, Nakada I, Hong JW, Tabuchi T, Motohashi G, Takemura A, et al. Prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detected blood and lymphatic vessel invasion in colorectal carcinoma: Its impact on prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:470-7.
    • (2007) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 470-477
    • Liang, P.1    Nakada, I.2    Hong, J.W.3    Tabuchi, T.4    Motohashi, G.5    Takemura, A.6
  • 59
    • 0026502859 scopus 로고
    • Time to loco-regional recurrence after resection of Dukes' B and C colorectal cancer with or without adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. A multivariate regression analysis
    • Bentzen SM, Balslev I, Pedersen M, Teglbjaerg PS, Hanberg-Sorensen F, Bone J, et al. Time to loco-regional recurrence after resection of Dukes' B and C colorectal cancer with or without adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. A multivariate regression analysis. Br J Cancer 1992;65: 102-7.
    • (1992) Br J Cancer , vol.65 , pp. 102-107
    • Bentzen, S.M.1    Balslev, I.2    Pedersen, M.3    Teglbjaerg, P.S.4    Hanberg-Sorensen, F.5    Bone, J.6
  • 60
    • 61449216076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous invasion detection in colorectal cancer: Which approach which technique?
    • Puppa G, Caneva A, Colombari R. Venous invasion detection in colorectal cancer: Which approach, which technique? J Clin Pathol 2009;62:102-3.
    • (2009) J Clin Pathol , vol.62 , pp. 102-103
    • Puppa, G.1    Caneva, A.2    Colombari, R.3
  • 61
    • 0036141990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conclusions from a study of venous invasion in stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma
    • Sternberg A, Amar M, Alfici R, Groisman G. Conclusions from a study of venous invasion in stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2002;55:17-21.
    • (2002) J Clin Pathol , vol.55 , pp. 17-21
    • Sternberg, A.1    Amar, M.2    Alfici, R.3    Groisman, G.4
  • 63
    • 84861457224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour budding: A promising parameter in colorectal cancer
    • Lugli A, Karamitopoulou E, Zlobec I. Tumour budding: A promising parameter in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012;106:1713-17.
    • (2012) Br J Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 1713-1717
    • Lugli, A.1    Karamitopoulou, E.2    Zlobec, I.3
  • 64
    • 38449101987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the reporting of surgically resected specimens of colorectal carcinoma: Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology
    • Jass JR, O'Brien J, Riddell RH, Snover DC. Recommendations for the reporting of surgically resected specimens of colorectal carcinoma: Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology. Am J Clin Pathol 2008;129:13-23.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.129 , pp. 13-23
    • Jass, J.R.1    O'brien, J.2    Riddell, R.H.3    Snover, D.C.4
  • 65
  • 66
    • 31444456086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour budding at the deepest invasive margin correlates with lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer detected by anticytokeratin antibody CAM5.2
    • Kazama S, Watanabe T, Ajioka Y, Kanazawa T, Nagawa H. Tumour budding at the deepest invasive margin correlates with lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer detected by anticytokeratin antibody CAM5.2. Br J Cancer 2006;94:293-8.
    • (2006) Br J Cancer , vol.94 , pp. 293-298
    • Kazama, S.1    Watanabe, T.2    Ajioka, Y.3    Kanazawa, T.4    Nagawa, H.5
  • 67
    • 25844445307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the usefulness of tumor budding on the prediction of metastasis to the lung and liver after curative excision of colorectal cancer
    • Nakamura T, Mitomi H, Kikuchi S, Ohtani Y, Sato K. Evaluation of the usefulness of tumor budding on the prediction of metastasis to the lung and liver after curative excision of colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52:1432-5.
    • (2005) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.52 , pp. 1432-1435
    • Nakamura, T.1    Mitomi, H.2    Kikuchi, S.3    Ohtani, Y.4    Sato, K.5
  • 69
    • 67650151005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: Links to genetic instability
    • Colotta F, Allavena P, Sica A, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: Links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis 2009;30: 1073-81.
    • (2009) Carcinogenesis , vol.30 , pp. 1073-1081
    • Colotta, F.1    Allavena, P.2    Sica, A.3    Garlanda, C.4    Mantovani, A.5
  • 70
    • 84896957921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of tertiary lymphoid tissue is associated with T-cell infiltration and predicts better prognosis in early-stage colorectal cancers
    • Di Caro G, Bergomas F, Grizzi F, Doni A, Bianchi P, Malesci A, et al. Occurrence of tertiary lymphoid tissue is associated with T-cell infiltration and predicts better prognosis in early-stage colorectal cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2147-58.
    • (2014) Clin Cancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 2147-2158
    • Di Caro, G.1    Bergomas, F.2    Grizzi, F.3    Doni, A.4    Bianchi, P.5    Malesci, A.6
  • 71
    • 84861194756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the in situ local inflammatory response in predicting recurrence and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer
    • Roxburgh CS, McMillan DC. The role of the in situ local inflammatory response in predicting recurrence and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2012;38:451-66.
    • (2012) Cancer Treat Rev , vol.38 , pp. 451-466
    • Roxburgh, C.S.1    McMillan, D.C.2
  • 73
    • 33749319703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome
    • Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Kirilovsky A, Mlecnik B, Lagorce-Pages C, et al. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science 2006;313:1960-4.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 1960-1964
    • Galon, J.1    Costes, A.2    Sanchez-Cabo, F.3    Kirilovsky, A.4    Mlecnik, B.5    Lagorce-Pages, C.6
  • 74
    • 79952093380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic-based prognostic factors of colorectal cancers are associated with the state of the local immune reaction
    • Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Berger A, Bindea G, Meatchi T, et al. Histopathologic-based prognostic factors of colorectal cancers are associated with the state of the local immune reaction. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:610-18.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 610-618
    • Mlecnik, B.1    Tosolini, M.2    Kirilovsky, A.3    Berger, A.4    Bindea, G.5    Meatchi, T.6
  • 76
    • 84883183628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour-infiltrating CD68+ and CD57+ cells predict patient outcome in stage II-III colorectal cancer
    • Chaput N, Svrcek M, Auperin A, Locher C, Drusch F, Malka D, et al. Tumour-infiltrating CD68+ and CD57+ cells predict patient outcome in stage II-III colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2013;109:1013-22.
    • (2013) Br J Cancer , vol.109 , pp. 1013-1022
    • Chaput, N.1    Svrcek, M.2    Auperin, A.3    Locher, C.4    Drusch, F.5    Malka, D.6
  • 77
    • 0037385330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
    • Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 2003;4:330-6.
    • (2003) Nat Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 330-336
    • Fontenot, J.D.1    Gavin, M.A.2    Rudensky, A.Y.3
  • 80
    • 84873822300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of Foxp3 in colorectal cancer but not in Treg cells correlates with disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer
    • Kim M, Grimmig T, Grimm M, Lazariotou M, Meier E, Rosenwald A, et al. Expression of Foxp3 in colorectal cancer but not in Treg cells correlates with disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2013;8: E53630.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e53630
    • Kim, M.1    Grimmig, T.2    Grimm, M.3    Lazariotou, M.4    Meier, E.5    Rosenwald, A.6
  • 82
    • 73349142719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ cytotoxic and memory T cells predict outcome in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer
    • Pages F, Kirilovsky A, Mlecnik B, Asslaber M, Tosolini M, Bindea G, et al. In situ cytotoxic and memory T cells predict outcome in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5944-51.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 5944-5951
    • Pages, F.1    Kirilovsky, A.2    Mlecnik, B.3    Asslaber, M.4    Tosolini, M.5    Bindea, G.6
  • 84
    • 84890280907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the introduction of the "Immunoscore" in the classification of malignant tumours
    • Galon J, Mlecnik B, Bindea G, Angell HK, Berger A, Lagorce C, et al. Towards the introduction of the "Immunoscore" in the classification of malignant tumours. J Pathol 2014;232:199-209.
    • (2014) J Pathol , vol.232 , pp. 199-209
    • Galon, J.1    Mlecnik, B.2    Bindea, G.3    Angell, H.K.4    Berger, A.5    Lagorce, C.6
  • 85
    • 84871592878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proportion of tumorstroma as a strong prognosticator for stage II and III colon cancer patients: Validation in the VICTOR trial
    • Huijbers A, Tollenaar RA, v Pelt GW, Zeestraten EC, Dutton S, McConkey CC, et al. The proportion of tumorstroma as a strong prognosticator for stage II and III colon cancer patients: Validation in the VICTOR trial. Ann Oncol 2013;24:179-85.
    • (2013) Ann Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 179-185
    • Huijbers, A.1    Tollenaar, R.A.V.2    Pelt, G.W.3    Zeestraten, E.C.4    Dutton, S.5    McConkey, C.C.6
  • 86
    • 84873704094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colon cancer molecular subtypes identified by expression profiling and associated to stroma, mucinous type and different clinical behavior
    • Perez-Villamil B, Romera-Lopez A, Hernandez-Prieto S, Lopez-Campos G, Calles A, Lopez-Asenjo JA, et al. Colon cancer molecular subtypes identified by expression profiling and associated to stroma, mucinous type and different clinical behavior. BMC Cancer 2012;12:260.
    • (2012) BMC Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 260
    • Perez-Villamil, B.1    Romera-Lopez, A.2    Hernandez-Prieto, S.3    Lopez-Campos, G.4    Calles, A.5    Lopez-Asenjo, J.A.6
  • 87
    • 84877137104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High intratumoral expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in colon cancer is associated with poorer patient prognosis
    • Wikberg ML, Edin S, Lundberg IV, Van Guelpen B, Dahlin AM, Rutegard J, et al. High intratumoral expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in colon cancer is associated with poorer patient prognosis. Tumour Biol 2013;34:1013-20.
    • (2013) Tumour Biol , vol.34 , pp. 1013-1020
    • Wikberg, M.L.1    Edin, S.2    Lundberg, I.V.3    Van Guelpen, B.4    Dahlin, A.M.5    Rutegard, J.6
  • 88
    • 76649134465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stromal genes discriminate preinvasive from invasive disease, predict outcome, and highlight inflammatory pathways in digestive cancers
    • Saadi A, Shannon NB, Lao-Sirieix P, O'Donovan M, Walker E, Clemons NJ, et al. Stromal genes discriminate preinvasive from invasive disease, predict outcome, and highlight inflammatory pathways in digestive cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:2177-82.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 2177-2182
    • Saadi, A.1    Shannon, N.B.2    Lao-Sirieix, P.3    O'donovan, M.4    Walker, E.5    Clemons, N.J.6
  • 89
    • 65349166279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in stromal tissues is a consistent prognostic factor in stage II colon cancer
    • Inafuku Y, Furuhata T, Tayama M, Okita K, Nishidate T, Mizuguchi T, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in stromal tissues is a consistent prognostic factor in stage II colon cancer. Cancer Sci 2009;100:852-8.
    • (2009) Cancer Sci , vol.100 , pp. 852-858
    • Inafuku, Y.1    Furuhata, T.2    Tayama, M.3    Okita, K.4    Nishidate, T.5    Mizuguchi, T.6
  • 90
    • 34250189539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of fibroblast activation protein in patients with colon cancer
    • Henry LR, Lee HO, Lee JS, Klein-Szanto A, Watts P, Ross EA, et al. Clinical implications of fibroblast activation protein in patients with colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:1736-41.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 1736-1741
    • Henry, L.R.1    Lee, H.O.2    Lee, J.S.3    Klein-Szanto, A.4    Watts, P.5    Ross, E.A.6
  • 91
    • 84880850941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulated e-cadherin expression indicates worse prognosis in asian patients with colorectal cancer: Evidence from meta-Analysis
    • He X, Chen Z, Jia M, Zhao X. Downregulated e-cadherin expression indicates worse prognosis in asian patients with colorectal cancer: Evidence from meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2013;8:e70858.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e70858
    • He, X.1    Chen, Z.2    Jia, M.3    Zhao, X.4
  • 92
    • 84887989710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer intrinsic subtypes predict chemotherapy benefit, deficient mismatch repair and epithelial-To-mesenchymal transition
    • Roepman P, Schlicker A, Tabernero J, Majewski I, Tian S, Moreno V, et al. Colorectal cancer intrinsic subtypes predict chemotherapy benefit, deficient mismatch repair and epithelial-To-mesenchymal transition. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:552-62.
    • (2014) Int J Cancer , vol.134 , pp. 552-562
    • Roepman, P.1    Schlicker, A.2    Tabernero, J.3    Majewski, I.4    Tian, S.5    Moreno, V.6
  • 93
    • 84877600884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor-prognosis colon cancer is defined by a molecularly distinct subtype and develops from serrated precursor lesions
    • De Sousa EMF, Wang X, Jansen M, Fessler E, Trinh A, de Rooij LP, et al. Poor-prognosis colon cancer is defined by a molecularly distinct subtype and develops from serrated precursor lesions. Nat Med 2013;19:614-18.
    • (2013) Nat Med , vol.19 , pp. 614-618
    • De Sousa Emf1    Wang, X.2    Jansen, M.3    Fessler, E.4    Trinh, A.5    De Rooij, L.P.6
  • 95
    • 84871694284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of tumor-Associated macrophages in solid tumor: A meta-Analysis of the literature.
    • Zhang QW, Liu L, Gong CY, Shi HS, Zeng YH, Wang XZ, et al. Prognostic significance of tumor-Associated macrophages in solid tumor: A meta-Analysis of the literature. PLoS One 2012;7:e50946.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e50946
    • Zhang, Q.W.1    Liu, L.2    Gong, C.Y.3    Shi, H.S.4    Zeng, Y.H.5    Wang, X.Z.6
  • 97
    • 80052675348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connexin43 expression increases in the epithelium and stroma along the colonic neoplastic progression pathway: Implications for its oncogenic role
    • Han Y, Zhang PJ, Chen T, Yum SW, Pasha T, Furth EE. Connexin43 expression increases in the epithelium and stroma along the colonic neoplastic progression pathway: Implications for its oncogenic role. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011;2011:561719.
    • (2011) Gastroenterol Res Pract , vol.2011 , pp. 561719
    • Han, Y.1    Zhang, P.J.2    Chen, T.3    Yum, S.W.4    Pasha, T.5    Furth, E.E.6
  • 98
    • 43249095919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor angiogenesis
    • Kerbel RS. Tumor angiogenesis. N Engl J Med 2008;358: 2039-49.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2039-2049
    • Kerbel, R.S.1
  • 99
    • 84861190138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apreclinicalandclinicalreviewofaflibercept for themanagement ofcancer
    • GayaA,TseV.Apreclinicalandclinicalreviewofaflibercept for themanagement ofcancer.CancerTreatRev2012;38:484-93.
    • (2012) Cancer Treat Rev , vol.38 , pp. 484-493
    • Gaya, A.1    Tse, V.2
  • 100
    • 79952284127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation
    • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell 2011;144:646-74.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.144 , pp. 646-674
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 102
    • 0031727144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic predictor in colorectal carcinoma with special reference to mode of metastasis and recurrence
    • Choi HJ, Hyun MS, Jung GJ, Kim SS, Hong SH. Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic predictor in colorectal carcinoma with special reference to mode of metastasis and recurrence. Oncology 1998;55:575-81.
    • (1998) Oncology , vol.55 , pp. 575-581
    • Choi, H.J.1    Hyun, M.S.2    Jung, G.J.3    Kim, S.S.4    Hong, S.H.5
  • 103
    • 33745102388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvessel density and VEGF expression are prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. Meta-Analysis of the literature
    • Des Guetz G, Uzzan B, Nicolas P, Cucherat M, Morere JF, Benamouzig R, et al. Microvessel density and VEGF expression are prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. Meta-Analysis of the literature. Br J Cancer 2006;94:1823-32.
    • (2006) Br J Cancer , vol.94 , pp. 1823-1832
    • Des Guetz, G.1    Uzzan, B.2    Nicolas, P.3    Cucherat, M.4    Morere, J.F.5    Benamouzig, R.6
  • 104
    • 0034075041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colorectal cancer patients
    • Lee JC, Chow NH, Wang ST, Huang SM. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:748-53.
    • (2000) Eur J Cancer , vol.36 , pp. 748-753
    • Lee, J.C.1    Chow, N.H.2    Wang, S.T.3    Huang, S.M.4
  • 105
    • 18744412350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of angiogenic factor expression at the deepest invasive site of advanced colorectal carcinoma
    • Kaio E, Tanaka S, Kitadai Y, Sumii M, Yoshihara M, Haruma K, et al. Clinical significance of angiogenic factor expression at the deepest invasive site of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Oncology 2003;64:61-73.
    • (2003) Oncology , vol.64 , pp. 61-73
    • Kaio, E.1    Tanaka, S.2    Kitadai, Y.3    Sumii, M.4    Yoshihara, M.5    Haruma, K.6
  • 107
    • 34047146390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC) is a more specific risk factor for lymph node metastasis than VEGF-D in submucosal colorectal cancer
    • Kazama S, Watanabe T, Kanazawa T, Hatano K, Nagawa H. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC) is a more specific risk factor for lymph node metastasis than VEGF-D in submucosal colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54:71-6.
    • (2007) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.54 , pp. 71-76
    • Kazama, S.1    Watanabe, T.2    Kanazawa, T.3    Hatano, K.4    Nagawa, H.5
  • 108
    • 0026083903 scopus 로고
    • Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis-correlation in invasive breast carcinoma
    • Weidner N, Semple JP, Welch WR, Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis-correlation in invasive breast carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1-8.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1-8
    • Weidner, N.1    Semple, J.P.2    Welch, W.R.3    Folkman, J.4
  • 109
    • 77949724737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvessel density and the association with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in patients with colorectal cancer
    • Hansen TF, Sorensen FB, Spindler KL, Olsen DA, Andersen RF, Lindebjerg J, et al. Microvessel density and the association with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in patients with colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch 2010;456: 251-60.
    • (2010) Virchows Arch , vol.456 , pp. 251-260
    • Hansen, T.F.1    Sorensen, F.B.2    Spindler, K.L.3    Olsen, D.A.4    Andersen, R.F.5    Lindebjerg, J.6
  • 111
    • 14844318487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between cyclooxygenase-2-expressing macrophages, ulceration and microvessel density in colorectal cancer
    • Sheehan KM, Steele C, Sheahan K, O'Grady A, Leader MB, Murray FE, et al. Association between cyclooxygenase-2-expressing macrophages, ulceration and microvessel density in colorectal cancer. Histopathology 2005;46:287-95.
    • (2005) Histopathology , vol.46 , pp. 287-295
    • Sheehan, K.M.1    Steele, C.2    Sheahan, K.3    O'grady, A.4    Leader, M.B.5    Murray, F.E.6
  • 112
    • 34247257760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of invasive growth pattern and microvessel density on prognosis in colorectal cancer and colorectal liver metastases
    • Rajaganeshan R, Prasad R, Guillou PJ, Chalmers CR, Scott N, Sarkar R, et al. The influence of invasive growth pattern and microvessel density on prognosis in colorectal cancer and colorectal liver metastases. Br J Cancer 2007;96: 1112-17.
    • (2007) Br J Cancer , vol.96 , pp. 1112-1117
    • Rajaganeshan, R.1    Prasad, R.2    Guillou, P.J.3    Chalmers, C.R.4    Scott, N.5    Sarkar, R.6
  • 113
    • 0033929041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is tumour angiogenesis a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and no involved nodes?
    • Pietra N, Sarli L, Caruana P, Cabras A, Costi R, Gobbi S, et al. Is tumour angiogenesis a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and no involved nodes? Eur J Surg 2000;166:552-6.
    • (2000) Eur J Surg , vol.166 , pp. 552-556
    • Pietra, N.1    Sarli, L.2    Caruana, P.3    Cabras, A.4    Costi, R.5    Gobbi, S.6
  • 115
    • 0036345395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second international consensus on the methodology and criteria of evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours
    • Vermeulen PB, Gasparini G, Fox SB, Colpaert C, Marson LP, Gion M, et al. Second international consensus on the methodology and criteria of evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours. Eur J Cancer 2002;38:1564-79.
    • (2002) Eur J Cancer , vol.38 , pp. 1564-1579
    • Vermeulen, P.B.1    Gasparini, G.2    Fox, S.B.3    Colpaert, C.4    Marson, L.P.5    Gion, M.6
  • 116
    • 74249084720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting of prognostic studies of tumour markers: A review of published articles in relation to REMARK guidelines
    • Mallett S, Timmer A, Sauerbrei W, Altman DG. Reporting of prognostic studies of tumour markers: A review of published articles in relation to REMARK guidelines. Br J Cancer 2010;102:173-80.
    • (2010) Br J Cancer , vol.102 , pp. 173-180
    • Mallett, S.1    Timmer, A.2    Sauerbrei, W.3    Altman, D.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.