Recommendations for the reporting of surgically resected specimens of colorectal carcinoma

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 129, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 13-23

  Jass, Jeremy R ^a   O'Brien, J ^b   Riddell, Robert H ^c   Snover, Dale C ^d  

^a ST MARK S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^d FAIRVIEW SOUTHDALE HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANCER GRADING; CANCER INVASION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; HISTOLOGY; METASTASIS; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; TUMOR LOCALIZATION; TUMOR REGRESSION; ADENOCARCINOMA; ARTICLE; CLASSIFICATION; COLORECTAL TUMOR; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; STANDARD;

ADENOCARCINOMA; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; PATHOLOGY, SURGICAL; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 38449101987     PISSN: 00029173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1309/6UHNC7MAD8KWNAWC     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Nagtegaal ID, van de Velde CJH, van der Worp E, et al. Macroscopic evaluation of rectal cancer resection specimen: clinical significance of the pathologist in quality control. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1729-1734.
2. Quirke P. Training and quality assurance for rectal cancer: 20 years of data is enough. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:695-702.
3. Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours.
4. Umar A, Boland CR, Terdiman JP, et al. Revised Bethesda guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:261-268.
5. Newland RC, Dent OF, Chapuis PH, et al. Survival after curative resection of lymph node negative colorectal carcinoma: a prospective study of 910 patients. Cancer. 1995;76:564-571.
6. Jass JR, Atkin WS, Cuzick J, et al. The grading of rectal cancer: historical perspectives and a multivariate analysis of 447 cases. Histopathology. 1986;10:437-459.
7. Hase K, Shatney C, Johnson D, et al. Prognostic value of tumor "budding" in patients with colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:627-635.
8. Hori H, Fujimori T, Fujii S, et al. Evaluation of tumor cell dissociation as a predictive marker of lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:938-945.
9. Kazama S, Watanabe T, Ajioka Y, et al. Tumour budding at the deepest invasive margin correlates with lymph node metastasis in submucosal cancer detected by anticytokeratin antibody CAM5.2. Br J Cancer. 2006;94:293-298.
10. Morodomi T, Isomoto H, Shirouzu K, et al. An index for estimating the probability of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancers: lymph node metastasis and the histopathology of actively invasive regions of cancer. Cancer. 1989;63:539-543.
11. Shinto E, Mochizuki H, Ueno H, et al. A novel classification of tumour budding in colorectal cancer based on the presence of cytoplasmic pseudo-fragments around budding foci. Histopathology. 2005;47:25-31.
12. Ueno H, Murphy J, Jass JR, et al. Tumour "budding" as an index to estimate the potential of aggressiveness in rectal cancer. Histopathology. 2002;40:127-132.
13. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et al; for the American Joint Committee on Cancer, eds. Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2002.
14. Sobin LH, Wittekind C; for the International Union Against Cancer [UICC], eds. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 6th ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss; 2002.
15. Merkel S, Mansmann U, Siassi M, et al. The prognostic inhomogeneity in pT3 rectal carcinomas. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2001;16:298-304.
16. Newland RC, Chapuis PH, Smyth EJ. The prognostic value of substaging colorectal carcinoma: a prospective study of 1117 cases with standardized pathology. Cancer. 1987;60:852-857.
17. Shepherd NA, Baxter KJ, Love SB. Influence of local peritoneal involvement on pelvic recurrence and prognosis in rectal cancer. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:849-855.
18. Shepherd NA, Baxter KR, Love SB. The prognostic importance of peritoneal involvement in colonic cancer: a prospective evaluation. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:1096-1102.
19. Cserni G. Nodal staging of colorectal carcinomas and sentinel nodes. J Clin Pathol. 2002;56:327-335.
20. Goldstein NS. Lymph node recoveries from 2427 pT3 colorectal resection specimens spanning 45 years: recommendations for a minimum number of recovered lymph nodes based on predictive probabilities. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:179-189.
21. Jass JR, Morson BC. Reporting colorectal cancer. J Clin Pathol. 1987;40:1016-1023.
22. Baxter NN, Virnig DJ, Rothenberger DA, et al. Lymph node evaluation in colorectal cancer patients: a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:219-225.
23. Wright FC, Law CHL, Last L, et al. Lymph node retrieval and assessment in stage II colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:903-909.
24. Berger AC, Sigurdson ER, LeVoyer T, et al. Colon cancer survival is associated with decreasing ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8706-8712.
25. Sarli L, Bader G, Iusco D, et al. Number of lymph nodes examined and prognosis of TNM stage II colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:272-279.
26. Greenson JK, Isenhart CE, Rice R, et al. Identification of occult micrometastases in pericolic lymph nodes of Dukes' B colorectal cancer patients using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and CC49: correlation with long-term survival. Cancer. 1994;73:563-569.
27. van Wyk Q, Hosie KB, Balsitis M. Histopathological detection of lymph node metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2000;53:685-687.
28. Verrill C, Carr NJ, Wilkinson-Smith E, et al. Histopathological assessment of lymph nodes in colorectal carcinoma: does triple levelling detect significantly more metastases? J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:1165-1167.
29. Bell SW, Mourra N, Flejou JF, et al. Ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:74-79.
30. Doekhie FS, Peeters KCMJ, Kuppen PJK, et al. The feasibility and reliability of sentinel node mapping in colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005;31:854-862.
31. Saha S, Dan AG, Viehl CT, et al. Sentinel lymph node mapping in colon and rectal cancer: its impact on staging, limitations, and pitfalls. Cancer Treat Res. 2005;127:105-122.
32. Fisher ER, Colangelo L, Wieand S, et al. Lack of influence of cytokeratin-positive mini micrometastases in "negative node" patients with colorectal cancer: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Projects protocols R-01 and C-01. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:1021-1026.
33. Goldstein NS, Turner JR. Pericolonic tumor deposits in patients with T3N+M0 colon adenocarcinomas: markers of reduced disease free survival and intra-abdominal metastases and their implications for TNM classification. Cancer. 2000;88:2228-2238.
34. Sobin LH, Wittekind C (International Union Against Cancer [UICC]), eds. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD: Wiley-Liss; 1997.
35. Howarth SM, Morgan JM, Williams GT. The new (6th edition) TNM classification of colorectal cancer: a stage too far [abstract]. Gut. 2004;53:A81.
36. Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, et al. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection: histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet. 1986;2:996-999.
37. Nagtegaal ID, Marijnen CAM, Kranenbarg EK, et al. Circumferential margin involvement is still important predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma; not one millimeter but two millimeters is the limit. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:350-357.
38. Nagtegaal ID, Marijnen CAM, Kranenbarg EK, et al. Shortterm preoperative radiotherapy interferes with the determination of pathological parameters in rectal cancer. J Pathol. 2002;197:20-27.
39. Ryan R, Gibbons D, Hyland JMP, et al. Pathological response following long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Histopathology. 2005;47:141-146.
40. Wheeler JMD, Warren BF, Jones AC, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: implications for surgeons, pathologists and radiologists. Br J Surg. 1999;86:1108-1120.
41. Dolcetti R, Viel A, Doglioni C, et al. High prevalence of activated intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increased neoplastic cell apoptosis in colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Am J Pathol. 1999;154:1805-1813.
42. Gologan A, Krasinskas A, Hunt J, et al. Performance of the revised Bethesda guidelines for identification of colorectal carcinomas with high level microsatellite instability. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129:1390-1397.
43. Greenson JK, Bonner JD, Ben-Yzhak O, et al. Phenotype of microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:563-570.
44. Jass JR, Do K-A, Simms LA, et al. Morphology of sporadic colorectal cancer with DNA replication errors. Gut. 1998;42:673-679.
45. Ropponen KM, Eskelinen MJ, Lipponen PK, et al. Prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal cancer. J Pathol. 1997;182:318-324.
46. Smyrk TC, Watson P, Kaul K, et al. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a marker for microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2001;91:2417-2422.
47. Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton M, et al. Invasion of veins by carcinoma of rectum: method of detection, histological features and significance. Histopathology. 1981;5:141-163.
48. Wittekind C, Greene FL, Henson DE, et al. TNM Supplement. A Commentary on Uniform Use. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss; 2003.
49. Jass JR, Love SB. Prognostic value of direct spread in Dukes' C cases of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989;32:477-480.
50. O'Connell JB, Maggard MA, Ko CY. Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1420-1425.
51. Petersen VC, Baxter KJ, Love SB, et al. Identification of objective pathological prognostic determinants and models of prognosis in Dukes B colon cancer. Gut. 2002;51:65-69.
52. Jass JR, Ajioka Y, Allen JP, et al. Assessment of invasive growth pattern and lymphocytic infiltration in colorectal cancer. Histopathology. 1996;28:543-548.
53. Jass JR, Love SB, Northover JMA. A new prognostic classification of rectal cancer. Lancet. 1987;i:1303-1306.
54. Nascimbeni R, Burgart LJ, Nivatvongs S, et al. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:200-206.
55. Jass JR. Serrated adenoma of the colorectum and the DNA-methylator phenotype. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005;2:398-405.