Comprehensive biomarker testing of glycemia, insulin resistance, and beta cell function has greater sensitivity to detect diabetes risk than fasting glucose and HbA1c and is associated with improved glycemic control in clinical practice

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 597-606

  Varvel, Stephen A ^a   Voros, Szilard ^a   Thiselton, Dawn L ^a   Pottala, James V ^a   Dall, Tara ^a   Warnick, G Russell ^a   McConnell, Joseph P ^a   Ghaedi, Leila ^a   Sasinowski, MacIek ^a   Graham, Timothy ^b  

^a Health Diagnostic Laboratory Inc   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Beta cell function; Biomarker; Diabetes risk; Glycemic control; Insulin resistance

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; C PEPTIDE; FATTY ACID; FERRITIN; FRUCTOSAMINE; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE ANTIBODY; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; INSULIN; LEPTIN; OLEIC ACID; PROINSULIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY; COHORT ANALYSIS; COLORIMETRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PANCREAS ISLET CELL FUNCTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TURBIDIMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; UNITED STATES; BLOOD; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET RESTRICTION; FOLLOW UP; METABOLISM; MULTICENTER STUDY; PHYSIOLOGY; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK FACTOR;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETES MELLITUS; FASTING; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; ROC CURVE;

EID: 84906791073     PISSN: 19375387     EISSN: 19375395     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9577-1     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). National diabetes fact sheet. Atlanta, Georgia.
2. International Diabetes Federation (2013). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation. http://www.idf.org/ diabetesatlas/global-burden. Accessed 24 July 2014.
3. Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2012). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 125(1), e2-e220.
4. Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., et al. (2013). Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 127(1), e6-e245.
5. DeFronzo, R. A., & Abdul-Ghani, M. A. (2011). Preservation of beta-cell function: the key to diabetes prevention. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96(8), 2354-2366.
6. Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., et al. (2003). NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes, 52(5), 1210-1214. (Pubitemid 36523358)
7. Gregg, E. W., Cheng, Y. J., Saydah, S., et al. (2012). Trends in death rates among U.S. adults with and without diabetes between 1997 and 2006: findings from the National Health Interview Survey. Diabetes Care, 35(6), 1252-1257.
8. (2013). Economic costs of diabetes in theU.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care 36(4):1033-46.
9. UnitedHealth Group's Center for Health Reform & Modernization. The United States of Diabetes: challenges and opportunities in the decade ahead. http://www.unitedhealthgroup.com/./media/UHG/PDF/2010/UNH-Working-Paper-5.ashx. Accessed 24 July 2014.
10. (2014). Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2014. Diabetes Care 37 Suppl 1:S14-80.
11. Mann, D. M., Carson, A. P., Shimbo, D., et al. (2010). Impact of A1C screening criterion on the diagnosis of pre-diabetes among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care, 33(10), 2190-2195.
12. Handelsman, Y.,Mechanick, J. I., Blonde, L., et al. (2011). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for clinical practice for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan: executive summary. Endocrine Practice, 17(2), 287-302.
13. Graham, T. E., & Kahn, B. B. (2007). Tissue-specific alterations of glucose transport and molecular mechanisms of intertissue communication in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 39(10), 717-721. (Pubitemid 350099818)
14. Groop, P. H., Forsblom, C.,& Thomas, M. C. (2005).Mechanisms of disease: pathway-selective insulin resistance and microvascular complications of diabetes. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1(2), 100-110.
15. Bornfeldt, K. E., & Tabas, I. (2011). Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and atherosclerosis. Cell Metabolism, 14 (5), 575-585.
16. Lorenzet, R., Napoleone, E., Cutrone, A., et al. (2012). Thrombosis and obesity: cellular bases. Thrombosis Research, 129(3), 285-289.
17. Reasner, C. A. (2008). Reducing cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes by targeting multiple risk factors. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 52(2), 136-144.
18. Lustig, R. H. (2006). Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Thermodynamics. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2(8), 447-458.
19. Morton, G. J., & Schwartz, M. W. (2011). Leptin and the central nervous system control of glucose metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 91(2), 389-411.
20. Gautron, L.,& Elmquist, J. K. (2011). Sixteen years and counting: an update on leptin in energy balance. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(6), 2087-2093.
21. Shah, N. R., & Braverman, E. R. (2012). Measuring adiposity in patients: the utility of body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and leptin. PLoS One, 7(4), e33308.
22. Oswal, A., & Yeo, G. (2010). Leptin and the control of body weight: a review of its diverse central targets, signalingmechanisms, and role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring), 18(2), 221-229.
23. Lee, Y. H., Magkos, F., Mantzoros, C. S., et al. (2011). Effects of leptin and adiponectin on pancreatic beta-cell function. Metabolism, 60(12), 1664-1672.
24. Kishida, K., Funahashi, T., & Shimomura, I. (2012). Molecular mechanisms of diabetes and atherosclerosis: role of adiponectin. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets, 12(2), 118-131.
25. Marques-Vidal, P., Schmid, R., Bochud, M., et al. (2012). Adipocytokines, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers and incidence of type 2 diabetes. the CoLaus study. PLoS One, 7 (12), e51768.
26. Lindberg, S., Mogelvang, R., Pedersen, S. H., et al. (2013). Relation of serum adiponectin levels to number of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors and all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (from the Copenhagen City Heart Study). American Journal of Cardiology, 111(8), 1139-1145.
27. Gall, W. E., Beebe, K., Lawton, K. A., et al. (2010). Alphahydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population. PLoS One, 5(5), e10883.
28. Cobb, J., Gall, W., Adam, K. P., et al. (2013). A novel fasting blood test for insulin resistance and prediabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 7(1), 100-110.
29. Wrede, C. E., Buettner, R., Bollheimer, L. C., et al. (2006). Association between serum ferritin and the insulin resistance syndrome in a representative population. European Journal of Endocrinology, 154(2), 333-340.
30. Montonen, J., Boeing, H., Steffen, A., et al. (2012). Body iron stores and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. Diabetologia, 55(10), 2613-2621.
31. Wlazlo, N., van Greevenbroek, M. M., Ferreira, I., et al. (2013). Iron metabolism is associated with adipocyte insulin resistance and plasma adiponectin: the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study. Diabetes Care, 36(2), 309-315.
32. Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., et al. (1985). Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia, 28(7), 412-419. (Pubitemid 15018832)
33. Moors, C. C., van der Zijl, N. J., Diamant, M., et al. (2012). Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism. International Journal of Obesity, 36(5), 709-717.
34. Kirk, E. P., & Klein, S. (2009). Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 11(12), 761-765.
35. Loopstra-Masters, R. C., Haffner, S. M., Lorenzo, C., et al. (2011). Proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio versus proinsulin-to-insulin ratio in the prediction of incident diabetes: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Diabetologia, 54(12), 3047-3054.
36. Nijpels, G., Popp-Snijders, C., Kostense, P. J., et al. (1996). Fasting proinsulin and 2-h post-load glucose levels predict the conversion to NIDDM in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: the Hoorn Study. Diabetologia, 39(1), 113-118. (Pubitemid 26029738)
37. Bruemmer, D. (2006). C-Peptide in insulin resistance and vascular complications: teaching an old dog new tricks. Circulation Research, 99(11), 1149-1151.
38. Vasic, D., &Walcher, D. (2012). C-peptide: a new mediator of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Mediators of Inflammation, 2012, 858692.
39. Cleland, S. J. (2012). Cardiovascular risk in double diabetes mellitus - when two worlds collide. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(8), 476-485.
40. Orban, T., Sosenko, J. M., Cuthbertson, D., et al. (2009). Pancreatic islet autoantibodies as predictors of type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1. Diabetes Care, 32(12), 2269-2274.
41. Hawa, M. I., Kolb, H., Schloot, N., et al. (2013). Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes in Europe is prevalent with a broad clinical phenotype: action LADA 7. Diabetes Care, 36(4), 908-913.
42. Selvin, E., Francis, L. M., Ballantyne, C. M., et al. (2011). Nontraditional markers of glycemia: associations with microvascular conditions. Diabetes Care, 34(4), 960-967.
43. Zafon, C., Ciudin, A., Valladares, S., et al. (2013). Variables involved in the discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine: the glycation gap revisited. PLoS One, 8(6), e66696.
44. Nayak, A. U., Nevill, A. M., Bassett, P., et al. (2013). Association of glycation gap with mortality and vascular complications in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 36(10), 3247-3253.
45. Herder, C., Karakas, M., & Koenig, W. (2011). Biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 90(1), 52-66.
46. Kolberg, J. A., Gerwien, R. W., Watkins, S. M., et al. (2011). Biomarkers in Type 2 diabetes: improving risk stratification with the PreDx (R) Diabetes Risk Score. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 11(8), 775-792.
47. Penn, M. S., & Klemes, A. B. (2013). Multimarker approach for identifying and documenting mitigation of cardiovascular risk. Future Cardiology, 9(4), 497-506.
48. Armato, J., DeFronzo, R. A., Abdul-Ghani, M., et al. (2012). Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice: targeting insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Endocrine Practice, 18(3), 342-350.
49. Perreault, L., Pan, Q.,Mather, K. J., et al. (2012). Effect of regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation on long-termreduction in diabetes risk: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet, 379(9833), 2243-2251.
50. Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Tripathy, D., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2006). Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose. Diabetes Care, 29(5), 1130-1139. (Pubitemid 44115261)