메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 3524-3536

Omega-conotoxin MVIIC attenuates neuronal apoptosis in vitro and improves significant recovery after spinal cord injury in vivo in rats

Author keywords

Bladder; Cell death; Clinical recovery; Conotoxin; In vitro; Neuron preservation

Indexed keywords

NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; OMEGA CONOTOXIN; OMEGA-CONOTOXIN-MVIIC;

EID: 84906269600     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19362625     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0036886702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for recovery and regeneration after spinal cord injury
    • Tator CH. Strategies for recovery and regeneration after spinal cord injury. Inj Prev 2002; 8: iv33-iv36.
    • (2002) Inj Prev , vol.8
    • Tator, C.H.1
  • 3
    • 84893859636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: update 2011, global incidence rate
    • Lee BB, Cripps RA, Fitzharris M, Wing PC. The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: update 2011, global incidence rate. Spinal Cord 2014; 52: 110-6.
    • (2014) Spinal Cord , vol.52 , pp. 110-116
    • Lee, B.B.1    Cripps, R.A.2    Fitzharris, M.3    Wing, P.C.4
  • 4
    • 0029133510 scopus 로고
    • Secondary mechanisms of spinal cord injury
    • Isaac L and Pejic L. Secondary mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Surg Neurol 1995; 43: 484-485.
    • (1995) Surg Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 484-485
    • Isaac, L.1    Pejic, L.2
  • 5
    • 0032905498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigating secondary damage in acute spinal cord
    • Amar AP and Levy M. Pathogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigating secondary damage in acute spinal cord. Neurosurg 1999; 44: 1027-1039.
    • (1999) Neurosurg , vol.44 , pp. 1027-1039
    • Amar, A.P.1    Levy, M.2
  • 7
    • 79954589239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion channel blockers and spinal cord injury
    • Liu WM, Wu JY, Li FC, Chen QX. Ion channel blockers and spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89: 791-801.
    • (2011) J Neurosci Res , vol.89 , pp. 791-801
    • Liu, W.M.1    Wu, J.Y.2    Li, F.C.3    Chen, Q.X.4
  • 8
    • 84884863139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis
    • Dasuri K, Zhang L, Keller JN. Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis. Free Radical Bio Med 2013; 62: 170-185.
    • (2013) Free Radical Bio Med , vol.62 , pp. 170-185
    • Dasuri, K.1    Zhang, L.2    Keller, J.N.3
  • 9
    • 0036904245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in pathophysiology and treatment of spinal cord injury
    • Hulsebosch CE. Recent advances in pathophysiology and treatment of spinal cord injury. Adv Physiol Educ 2002; 26: 238-255.
    • (2002) Adv Physiol Educ , vol.26 , pp. 238-255
    • Hulsebosch, C.E.1
  • 10
    • 7244247026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global perspective on spinal cord injury epidemiology
    • Ackery A, Tator C, Krassioukov A. A global perspective on spinal cord injury epidemiology. J Neurotraum 2004; 21: 1355-1370.
    • (2004) J Neurotraum , vol.21 , pp. 1355-1370
    • Ackery, A.1    Tator, C.2    Krassioukov, A.3
  • 11
    • 3342967871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury
    • Kwon BK, Tetzlaff W, Grauer JN, Beiner J, Vaccaro AR. Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Spine J 2004; 4: 451-464.
    • (2004) Spine J , vol.4 , pp. 451-464
    • Kwon, B.K.1    Tetzlaff, W.2    Grauer, J.N.3    Beiner, J.4    Vaccaro, A.R.5
  • 13
    • 23944451107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraplegic mice are leading to new advances in spinal cord injury research
    • Guertin PA. Paraplegic mice are leading to new advances in spinal cord injury research. Spinal Cord 2005; 43: 459-461.
    • (2005) Spinal Cord , vol.43 , pp. 459-461
    • Guertin, P.A.1
  • 14
    • 0036312522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bowel, and sexual dysfunction in people with spinal cord injury
    • Benevento BT and Sipski ML. Neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bowel, and sexual dysfunction in people with spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 2002; 82: 601-612.
    • (2002) Phys Ther , vol.82 , pp. 601-612
    • Benevento, B.T.1    Sipski, M.L.2
  • 15
    • 35348974063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of complete and incomplete spinal cord injury on lower urinary tract function as evaluated in unanesthetized rats
    • Leung PY, Johnson CS, Wrathall JR. Comparison of the effects of complete and incomplete spinal cord injury on lower urinary tract function as evaluated in unanesthetized rats. Exp Neurol 2007; 208: 80-91.
    • (2007) Exp Neurol , vol.208 , pp. 80-91
    • Leung, P.Y.1    Johnson, C.S.2    Wrathall, J.R.3
  • 16
    • 82655168761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ameliorating effect of dantrolene on the morphology of urinary bladder in spinal cord injured rats
    • Torres BBJ, Serakides R, Caldeira F, Gomes M, Melo E. The ameliorating effect of dantrolene on the morphology of urinary bladder in spinal cord injured rats. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207: 775-779.
    • (2011) Pathol Res Pract , vol.207 , pp. 775-779
    • Torres, B.B.J.1    Serakides, R.2    Caldeira, F.3    Gomes, M.4    Melo, E.5
  • 18
    • 0026497926 scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxicity cell death
    • Choi DW. Excitotoxicity cell death. J Neurobiol 1992; 23: 1261-1276.
    • (1992) J Neurobiol , vol.23 , pp. 1261-1276
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 19
    • 0041759803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial assessment of patients with spinal cord trauma
    • Lanz O, Bergman R, Shell L. Initial assessment of patients with spinal cord trauma. Vet Med 2000; 95: 851-854.
    • (2000) Vet Med , vol.95 , pp. 851-854
    • Lanz, O.1    Bergman, R.2    Shell, L.3
  • 22
    • 84877602256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on spinal cord in rabbit model with ischemia/reperfusion
    • Liu ZQ, Xing SS, Zhang W. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on spinal cord in rabbit model with ischemia/reperfusion. J Spinal Cord Med 2013; 36: 147-152.
    • (2013) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.36 , pp. 147-152
    • Liu, Z.Q.1    Xing, S.S.2    Zhang, W.3
  • 24
    • 0028171089 scopus 로고
    • A Selective N-Type Ca2+-Channel Blocker Prevents Cal Injury 24 h Following Severe Forebrain Ischemia and Reduces Infarction Following Focal Ischemia
    • Buchan AM, Gertler SZ, Li H, Xue D, Huang ZG, Chaundy KE, Barnes K, Lesiuk HJ. A Selective N-Type Ca2+-Channel Blocker Prevents Cal Injury 24 h Following Severe Forebrain Ischemia and Reduces Infarction Following Focal Ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14: 903-910.
    • (1994) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.14 , pp. 903-910
    • Buchan, A.M.1    Gertler, S.Z.2    Li, H.3    Xue, D.4    Huang, Z.G.5    Chaundy, K.E.6    Barnes, K.7    Lesiuk, H.J.8
  • 25
    • 0028250039 scopus 로고
    • Administration of an omegaconopeptide one hour following traumatic brain injury reduces 45calcium accumulation
    • Hovda DA, Fu K, Badie H, Samii A, Pinanong P, Becker DP. Administration of an omegaconopeptide one hour following traumatic brain injury reduces 45calcium accumulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1994; 60: 521-523.
    • (1994) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.60 , pp. 521-523
    • Hovda, D.A.1    Fu, K.2    Badie, H.3    Samii, A.4    Pinanong, P.5    Becker, D.P.6
  • 26
    • 0031039720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective blockade of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel protects against brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • Bowersox SS, Singh T, Luther RR. Selective blockade of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel protects against brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 1997; 747: 343-347.
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.747 , pp. 343-347
    • Bowersox, S.S.1    Singh, T.2    Luther, R.R.3
  • 27
    • 0034433518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction as a new surrogate efficiency measure for preclinical trials: dose-response and time-window profiles for administration of the calcium channel blocker Ziconotide in experimental brain injury
    • Verweij BH, Muizelaar JP, Vinas FC, Peterson PL, Xiong Y, Lee CP. Improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction as a new surrogate efficiency measure for preclinical trials: dose-response and time-window profiles for administration of the calcium channel blocker Ziconotide in experimental brain injury. J Neurosurg 2000; 93: 829-834.
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.93 , pp. 829-834
    • Verweij, B.H.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2    Vinas, F.C.3    Peterson, P.L.4    Xiong, Y.5    Lee, C.P.6
  • 29
    • 0028292145 scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel diversity and neu rotransmitter release: the ?-conotoxins and ?-agatoxins
    • Olivera BM, Miljanich G, Ramachandran J, Adams ME. Calcium channel diversity and neu rotransmitter release: the ?-conotoxins and ?-agatoxins. Ann Rev Biochem 1994; 63: 823-867.
    • (1994) Ann Rev Biochem , vol.63 , pp. 823-867
    • Olivera, B.M.1    Miljanich, G.2    Ramachandran, J.3    Adams, M.E.4
  • 30
    • 0030852791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxins affecting calcium channels in neurons
    • Uchitel OD. Toxins affecting calcium channels in neurons. Toxicon 1997; 35: 1161-1191.
    • (1997) Toxicon , vol.35 , pp. 1161-1191
    • Uchitel, O.D.1
  • 32
    • 77954289990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural toxins and their therapeutic potential
    • Kapoor VK. Natural toxins and their therapeutic potential. Indian J Exp Biol 2010; 48: 228-237.
    • (2010) Indian J Exp Biol , vol.48 , pp. 228-237
    • Kapoor, V.K.1
  • 33
    • 0028935316 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of presynaptic calcium channels with ?-conotoxin MVIIC and ?-grammotoxin SIA: role for a resistant calcium channel type in neurosecretion
    • Turner TJ, Lampe RA, Dunlap K. Characterization of presynaptic calcium channels with ?-conotoxin MVIIC and ?-grammotoxin SIA: role for a resistant calcium channel type in neurosecretion. Mol Interv 1995; 47: 348-353.
    • (1995) Mol Interv , vol.47 , pp. 348-353
    • Turner, T.J.1    Lampe, R.A.2    Dunlap, K.3
  • 36
    • 0036229869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among toxins that inhibit N-type and P-type calcium channels
    • McDonough SI, Boland LM, Mintz IM, Bean BP. Interactions among toxins that inhibit N-type and P-type calcium channels. J Gen Physiol 2002; 119: 313-328.
    • (2002) J Gen Physiol , vol.119 , pp. 313-328
    • McDonough, S.I.1    Boland, L.M.2    Mintz, I.M.3    Bean, B.P.4
  • 38
    • 0029791654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of N-, P- and Q-type neuronal calcium channel antagonists on mammalian peripheral neurotransmission
    • Wright CE and Angus JA. Effects of N-, P- and Q-type neuronal calcium channel antagonists on mammalian peripheral neurotransmission. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 119: 49-56.
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol , vol.119 , pp. 49-56
    • Wright, C.E.1    Angus, J.A.2
  • 39
    • 0033616414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of voltage-gated Ca++ channels in anoxic injury of spinal cord matter
    • Imaizumi T, Kocsis JD, Waxman SG. The role of voltage-gated Ca++ channels in anoxic injury of spinal cord matter. Brain Res 1999; 817: 84-92.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.817 , pp. 84-92
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Kocsis, J.D.2    Waxman, S.G.3
  • 40
    • 84858118205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topiramate treatment is neuroprotective and reduces oligodendrocytes loss after cervical spinal cord injury
    • Gensel JC, Tovar CA, Bresnaham JC, Beattle MS. Topiramate treatment is neuroprotective and reduces oligodendrocytes loss after cervical spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2012; 7: 1-6.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 1-6
    • Gensel, J.C.1    Tovar, C.A.2    Bresnaham, J.C.3    Beattle, M.S.4
  • 41
    • 33751220526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ex vivo preparation of mature mice spinal cord to study synaptic transmission on motoneurons
    • Moghaddasi M, Velumian AA, Zhang L, Fehlings MG. An ex vivo preparation of mature mice spinal cord to study synaptic transmission on motoneurons. J Neurosc Met 2007; 159: 1-7.
    • (2007) J Neurosc Met , vol.159 , pp. 1-7
    • Moghaddasi, M.1    Velumian, A.A.2    Zhang, L.3    Fehlings, M.G.4
  • 42
    • 27444435252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate treatment decreases caspase-3 activity after experimental spinal cord injury in rats
    • Solaroglu I, Kaptanoglu E, Okutan O, Beskonakli E, Attar A, Kilinc K. Magnesium sulfate treatment decreases caspase-3 activity after experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Surg Neurol 2005; 64: 17-21.
    • (2005) Surg Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 17-21
    • Solaroglu, I.1    Kaptanoglu, E.2    Okutan, O.3    Beskonakli, E.4    Attar, A.5    Kilinc, K.6
  • 44
    • 0030157694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded histological and locomotor outcomes after spinal cord contusion the NYU weight-drop device versus transection
    • Basso M, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC. Graded histological and locomotor outcomes after spinal cord contusion the NYU weight-drop device versus transection. Exp Neurol 1996; 139: 244-256.
    • (1996) Exp Neurol , vol.139 , pp. 244-256
    • Basso, M.1    Beattie, M.S.2    Bresnahan, J.C.3
  • 45
    • 0034718228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of L- and N-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord whtie matter injury
    • Agrawal SK, Nashimi R, Fehlings MG. Role of L- and N-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord whtie matter injury. J Neurosci 2000; 99: 179-188.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.99 , pp. 179-188
    • Agrawal, S.K.1    Nashimi, R.2    Fehlings, M.G.3
  • 46
    • 34250731169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic mechanisms in stroke: an update of concepts and treatment strategies
    • Hazell AS. Excitotoxic mechanisms in stroke: an update of concepts and treatment strategies. Neurochem 2007; 50: 941-953.
    • (2007) Neurochem , vol.50 , pp. 941-953
    • Hazell, A.S.1
  • 47
    • 4744359726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naloxone lowers cerebrospinal fluid levels of excitatory amino acids after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery
    • Kunihara T, Matsuzaki K, Shiiya, N, Saijo Y, Yasuda K. Naloxone lowers cerebrospinal fluid levels of excitatory amino acids after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40: 681-690.
    • (2004) J Vasc Surg , vol.40 , pp. 681-690
    • Kunihara, T.1    Matsuzaki, K.2    Shiiya, N.3    Saijo, Y.4    Yasuda, K.5
  • 48
    • 66049147738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of neurobiological processes in acute ischemic stroke
    • Brouns R and Deyn PP. The complexity of neurobiological processes in acute ischemic stroke. Clinic Neurol Neurosurg 2009; 11: 483-495.
    • (2009) Clinic Neurol Neurosurg , vol.11 , pp. 483-495
    • Brouns, R.1    Deyn, P.P.2
  • 49
    • 63849340879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon
    • Rowland JW, Hawryluk GMD, Kwon B, Fehlings M. Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon. Neurosurg Focus 2008; 25: 1-17.
    • (2008) Neurosurg Focus , vol.25 , pp. 1-17
    • Rowland, J.W.1    Hawryluk, G.M.D.2    Kwon, B.3    Fehlings, M.4
  • 50
    • 0030799454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium channels in neurological disease
    • Greenberg DA. Calcium channels in neurological disease. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 275-282.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 275-282
    • Greenberg, D.A.1
  • 51
    • 0036877142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endoplasmic reticulum: a multifunctional signaling organelle
    • Berridge MJ. The endoplasmic reticulum: a multifunctional signaling organelle. Cell Calcium 2002; 32: 235-249.
    • (2002) Cell Calcium , vol.32 , pp. 235-249
    • Berridge, M.J.1
  • 52
    • 70349829186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release through ryanodine and IP3 receptors contributes to neuronal excitotoxicity
    • Ruiz A, Matute C, Alberdi E. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release through ryanodine and IP3 receptors contributes to neuronal excitotoxicity. Cell Calcium 2009; 46: 273-281.
    • (2009) Cell Calcium , vol.46 , pp. 273-281
    • Ruiz, A.1    Matute, C.2    Alberdi, E.3
  • 53
    • 0028011941 scopus 로고
    • The effect of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, and calcium channel antagonists on traumatic cortical neuronal injury in culture
    • Regan RF, Choi DW. The effect of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, and calcium channel antagonists on traumatic cortical neuronal injury in culture. Brain Res 1994; 633: 236-242.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.633 , pp. 236-242
    • Regan, R.F.1    Choi, D.W.2
  • 54
    • 0034307421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin mediated BAD dephosphorylation activates the caspase-3 apoptotic cascade in traumatic spinal cord injury
    • Springer JE, Azbill RD, Nottingham SA, Kennedy SE. Calcineurin mediated BAD dephosphorylation activates the caspase-3 apoptotic cascade in traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2000; 20: 7246-7251.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 7246-7251
    • Springer, J.E.1    Azbill, R.D.2    Nottingham, S.A.3    Kennedy, S.E.4
  • 55
    • 0037342572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulators of voltage-gated calcium channels and their therapeutical application
    • Kochegarov AA. Pharmacological modulators of voltage-gated calcium channels and their therapeutical application. Cell Calcium 2003; 33: 145-162.
    • (2003) Cell Calcium , vol.33 , pp. 145-162
    • Kochegarov, A.A.1
  • 56
    • 10244270701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial uncoupling as a therapeutic target following neuronal injury
    • Sullivan PG, Springer JE, Hall ED, Scheff SW. Mitochondrial uncoupling as a therapeutic target following neuronal injury. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2004; 36: 353-356.
    • (2004) J Bioenerg Biomembr , vol.36 , pp. 353-356
    • Sullivan, P.G.1    Springer, J.E.2    Hall, E.D.3    Scheff, S.W.4
  • 58
    • 0027202580 scopus 로고
    • Dantrolene protects against ischemic, delayed neuronal death in gerbil brain
    • Zhang L, Andou Y, Masuda S, Mitani A, Kataoka K. Dantrolene protects against ischemic, delayed neuronal death in gerbil brain. Neurosci Lett 1993; 58: 105-108.
    • (1993) Neurosci Lett , vol.58 , pp. 105-108
    • Zhang, L.1    Andou, Y.2    Masuda, S.3    Mitani, A.4    Kataoka, K.5
  • 59
    • 0036190451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dantrolene on extracellular glutamate concentration and neuronal death in the rat hippocampal CA1 region subjected to transient ischemia
    • Nakayama R, Yano T, Ushijima K, Abe K, Terasaki H. Effects of dantrolene on extracellular glutamate concentration and neuronal death in the rat hippocampal CA1 region subjected to transient ischemia. Anesthesiol 2002; 96: 705-710.
    • (2002) Anesthesiol , vol.96 , pp. 705-710
    • Nakayama, R.1    Yano, T.2    Ushijima, K.3    Abe, K.4    Terasaki, H.5
  • 61
    • 0034329742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders
    • Mattson MP. Apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2000; 1: 120-129.
    • (2000) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.1 , pp. 120-129
    • Mattson, M.P.1
  • 63
    • 84920304769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca2+ channel antagonists and neuroprotection from cerebral ischemia
    • Kobayashi T and Mori Y. Ca2+ channel antagonists and neuroprotection from cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 363: 1-15.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.363 , pp. 1-15
    • Kobayashi, T.1    Mori, Y.2
  • 64
    • 2542482777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug targets in the voltage-gated calcium channel family: why some are and some are not
    • Triggle DJ. Drug targets in the voltage-gated calcium channel family: why some are and some are not. ASSAY Drug Dev Technol 2003; 1: 719-733.
    • (2003) ASSAY Drug Dev Technol , vol.1 , pp. 719-733
    • Triggle, D.J.1
  • 65
    • 0347989461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conus venoms: a rich source of novel íon channel-targeted peptides
    • Terlau H and Olivera BM. Conus venoms: a rich source of novel íon channel-targeted peptides. Physiol Rev 2004; 84: 41-68.
    • (2004) Physiol Rev , vol.84 , pp. 41-68
    • Terlau, H.1    Olivera, B.M.2
  • 66
    • 0026697724 scopus 로고
    • NeuN, a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates
    • Mullen RJ, Buck CR, Smith AM. NeuN, a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates. Development 1992; 116: 201-211.
    • (1992) Development , vol.116 , pp. 201-211
    • Mullen, R.J.1    Buck, C.R.2    Smith, A.M.3
  • 68
    • 84906225855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and cellular characterization of mTORC1 activation after spinal cord injury reveals biphasic increase mainly attributed to microglia/macrophages
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Kjell J, Codeluppi S, Josephson A, Abrams MB. Spatial and cellular characterization of mTORC1 activation after spinal cord injury reveals biphasic increase mainly attributed to microglia/macrophages. Brain Pathol 2014; [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2014) Brain Pathol
    • Kjell, J.1    Codeluppi, S.2    Josephson, A.3    Abrams, M.B.4
  • 69
    • 84893135752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of perflurocarbon (Oxycyte) after contusive spinal cord injury
    • Yacoub A, Hajec MC, Stanger R, Wan W, Young H, Mathem BE. Neuroprotective effects of perflurocarbon (Oxycyte) after contusive spinal cord injury. J Neurol 2014; 31: 256-267.
    • (2014) J Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 256-267
    • Yacoub, A.1    Hajec, M.C.2    Stanger, R.3    Wan, W.4    Young, H.5    Mathem, B.E.6
  • 71
    • 35348974063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of complete and incomplete spinal cord injury on lower urinary tract function as evaluated in unanesthetized rats
    • Leung PY, Johnson CS, Wrathall JR. Comparison of the effects of complete and incomplete spinal cord injury on lower urinary tract function as evaluated in unanesthetized rats. Exp Neurol 2007; 208: 80-91.
    • (2007) Exp Neurol , vol.208 , pp. 80-91
    • Leung, P.Y.1    Johnson, C.S.2    Wrathall, J.R.3
  • 73
    • 77649170665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic deficits in the urinary bladder after spinal contusion injury in the adult rat
    • Herrera JJ, Haywood-Watson RJ 2nd, Grill RJ. Acute and chronic deficits in the urinary bladder after spinal contusion injury in the adult rat. J Neurotraum 2010; 27: 423-431.
    • (2010) J Neurotraum , vol.27 , pp. 423-431
    • Herrera, J.J.1    Haywood-Watson R.J, 2nd.2    Grill, R.J.3
  • 75
    • 0029864403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calcium channels in rat central and peripheral neurons by ?-conotoxin MVIIC
    • McDonough SI, Swartz KJ, Mintz IM, Boland LM, Bean BP. Inhibition of calcium channels in rat central and peripheral neurons by ?-conotoxin MVIIC. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 2612-2623.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 2612-2623
    • McDonough, S.I.1    Swartz, K.J.2    Mintz, I.M.3    Boland, L.M.4    Bean, B.P.5
  • 76
    • 0031796866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacother- apeutic potential of omega-conotoxin MVIIA (SNX-111), an N-type neuronal calcium channel blocker found in venom of Conus magus
    • Bowersox SS and Luther R. Pharmacother- apeutic potential of omega-conotoxin MVIIA (SNX-111), an N-type neuronal calcium channel blocker found in venom of Conus magus. Toxicon 1998; 36: 1651-1658.
    • (1998) Toxicon , vol.36 , pp. 1651-1658
    • Bowersox, S.S.1    Luther, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.