The relationship of dietary sodium, potassium, fruits, and vegetables intake with blood pressure among Korean adults aged 40 and older

Nutrition Research and Practice

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 453-462

  Kim, Mi Kyung ^a   Kim, Kirang ^b   Shin, Min Ho ^c   Shin, Dong Hoon ^d   Lee, Young Hoon ^e   Chun, Byung Yeol ^f   Choi, Bo Youl ^a  

^a Hanyang University   (South Korea)

^b Dankook University   (South Korea)

^c Chonnam National University Medical School   (South Korea)

^d Keimyung University   (South Korea)

^e Wonkwang University   (South Korea)

^f Kyungpook National University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Fruits and vegetables; Kimchies; Potassium; Sodium

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905924839     PISSN: 19761457     EISSN: 20056168     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.4.453     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005;365:217-23.
2. Most MM. Estimated phytochemical content of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is higher than in the control study diet. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:1725-7.
3. World Health Organization (CH). Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Report No. 916. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
4. World Health Organization (CH). Review and Updating of Current WHO Recommendations on Salt/Sodium and Potassium Consumption. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
5. Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1966-78.
6. Oude Griep LM, Stamler J, Chan Q, Van Horn L, Steffen LM, Miura K, Ueshima H, Okuda N, Zhao L, Daviglus ML, Elliott P; INTERMAP Research Group. Association of raw fruit and fruit juice consumption with blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:1083-91.
7. Chan Q, Stamler J, Brown IJ, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L, Dyer AR, Oude Griep LM, Miura K, Ueshima H, Zhao L, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Elliott P; INTERMAP Research Group. Relation of raw and cooked vegetable consumption to blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study. J Hum Hypertens 2014;28:353-9.
8. Wang L, Manson JE, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Sesso HD. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women. Am J Hypertens 2012;25:180-9.
9. Nuñez-Cordoba JM, Alonso A, Beunza JJ, Palma S, Gomez-Gracia E, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Role of vegetables and fruits in Mediterranean diets to prevent hypertension. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:605-12.
10. Joffe M, Robertson A. The potential contribution of increased vegetable and fruit consumption to health gain in the European Union. Public Health Nutr 2001;4:893-901.
11. Yoshita K, Arai Y, Nozue M, Tanaka H. Outline for the results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan 2007. Ann Nutr Metab 2009;55 Suppl 1:563-4.
12. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2010: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.
13. Koo S, Kim Y, Kim MK, Yoon JS, Park K. Nutrient intake, lifestyle factors and prevalent hypertension in Korean adults: results from 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17:329-40.
14. Lee HJ, Lee HS, Lee Y, Jang YA, Moon JJ, Kim CI. Nutritional environment influences hypertension in the middle-aged Korean adults: based on 1998 & 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12:272-83.
15. Ahn Y, Kwon E, Shim JE, Park MK, Joo Y, Kimm K, Park C, Kim DH. Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61: 1435-41.
16. The Korean Nutrition Society. Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. 7th ed. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2000.
17. Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology. 3rd ed. New York (NY): Oxford Universtiy Press; 2013.
18. Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, Brink EJ, van Baak MA, Bakker SJ, Navis G, van 't Veer P, Geleijnse JM. Dietary protein and blood pressure: a systematic review. PLoS One 2010;5:e12102.
19. Savica V, Bellinghieri G, Kopple JD. The effect of nutrition on blood pressure. Annu Rev Nutr 2010;30:365-401.
20. Dahl LK. Possible role of salt intake in the development of essential hypertension. 1960. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:967-72.
21. Miura K, Okuda N, Turin TC, Takashima N, Nakagawa H, Nakamura K, Yoshita K, Okayama A, Ueshima H; NIPPON DATA80/90 Research Group. Dietary salt intake and blood pressure in a representative Japanese population: baseline analyses of NIPPON DATA80. J Epidemiol 2010;20 Suppl 3:S524-30.
22. Cutler JA, Follmann D, Allender PS. Randomized trials of sodium reduction: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:643S-651S.
23. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER 3rd, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH; DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 2001;344:3-10.
24. Graudal NA, Galløe AM, Garred P. Effects of sodium restriction on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride: a meta-analysis. JAMA 1998;279:1383-91.
25. Son SM, Huh GY. Dietary risk factors associated with hypertension in patients. Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11:661-72.
26. Kim BK, Lim YH, Kim SG, Kim YM, Shin J. Relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure according to metabolic syndrome status in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Blood Press Monit 2012;17:120-7.
27. Park J, Lee JS, Kim J. Relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium, anthropometric indexes, and blood pressure in young and middle aged Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2010;4: 155-62.
28. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1997;336: 1117-24.
29. Ishibashi K, Oshima T, Matsuura H, Watanabe M, Ishida M, Ishida T, Ozono R, Kajiyama G, Kanbe M. Effects of age and sex on sodium chloride sensitivity: association with plasma renin activity. Clin Nephrol 1994;42:376-80.
30. Hedayati SS, Minhajuddin AT, Ijaz A, Moe OW, Elsayed EF, Reilly RF, Huang CL. Association of urinary sodium/potassium ratio with blood pressure: sex and racial differences. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;7:315-22.
31. Huggins CE, O'Reilly S, Brinkman M, Hodge A, Giles GG, English DR, Nowson CA. Relationship of urinary sodium and sodium-topotassium ratio to blood pressure in older adults in Australia. Med J Aust 2011;195:128-32.
32. Moore LL, Singer MR, Bradlee ML, Djoussé L, Proctor MH, Cupples LA, Ellison RC. Intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products in early childhood and subsequent blood pressure change. Epidemiology 2005;16:4-11.
33. He FJ, Markandu ND, Coltart R, Barron J, MacGregor GA. Effect of short-term supplementation of potassium chloride and potassium citrate on blood pressure in hypertensives. Hypertension 2005;45: 571-4.
34. Jee SH, Miller ER, 3rd, Guallar E, Singh VK, Appel LJ, Klag MJ. The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Hypertens 2002;15:691-6.
35. Beyer FR, Dickinson HO, Nicolson DJ, Ford GA, Mason J. Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD004805.
36. Whelton PK, Kumanyika SK, Cook NR, Cutler JA, Borhani NO, Hennekens CH, Kuller LH, Langford H, Jones DW, Satterfield S, Lasser NL, Cohen JD. Efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions in adults with high-normal blood pressure: results from phase 1 of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:652S-660S.
37. Lopes HF, Martin KL, Nashar K, Morrow JD, Goodfriend TL, Egan BM. DASH diet lowers blood pressure and lipid-induced oxidative stress in obesity. Hypertension 2003;41:422-30.
38. Al-Solaiman Y, Jesri A, Mountford WK, Lackland DT, Zhao Y, Egan BM. DASH lowers blood pressure in obese hypertensives beyond potassium, magnesium and fibre. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:237-46.
39. Tran LT, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. The fructose-fed rat: a review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2009;332:145-59.
40. Chong MF, Macdonald R, Lovegrove JA. Fruit polyphenols and CVD risk: a review of human intervention studies. Br J Nutr 2010;104 Suppl 3:S28-39.
41. Madero M, Perez-Pozo SE, Jalal D, Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG. Dietary fructose and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011;13: 29-35.