Technologies as support tools for persons with autistic spectrum disorder: A systematic review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 7767-7802

  Aresti Bartolome, Nuria ^a   Garcia Zapirain, Begonya ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO   (Spain)

Author keywords

ASD; Dedicated applications; Robots; Telehealth systems; Tools for therapy; Virtual reality applications

Indexed keywords

HEALTH CARE; LEARNING; MENTAL HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGY; ROBOTICS;

APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER; AUTISM; HUMAN; IMITATION; INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; MOTIVATION; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; ROBOTICS; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL LEARNING; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TECHNOLOGY; TELEHEALTH; VIRTUAL REALITY; CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LEARNING; PROCEDURES; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TELEMEDICINE; VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; COMMUNICATION; HUMANS; IMITATIVE BEHAVIOR; LEARNING; ROBOTICS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TELEMEDICINE; VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY;

EID: 84905668347     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110807767     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Tsai, L.Y. Sensitivity and specificity: DSM-IV versus DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Amer. J. Psychiat. 2012, 169, 1009-1011.
2. Esposito, G.; Venuti, P. Symmetry in infancy: Analysis of motor development in autism spectrum disorders. Symmetry 2009, 1, 215-225.
3. Rodríguez-Barrionuevo, A.C.; Rodríguez-Vives, M.A. Diagnóstico clínico del autismo. Rev. Neurol. 2002, 34, 72-77. (In Spanish)
4. Javaloyes, M. Autismo: Criterios diagnósticos y diagnóstico diferencial. Pediatr. Integr. 2004, 8, 655-662. (In Spanish)
5. Álvarez-alcántara, E. Trastornos del espectro autista. Rev. Mex. Pediatr. 2007, 74, 269-276. (In Spanish)
6. Boccuto, L.; Lauri, M.; Sarasua, S.M.; Skinner, C.D.; Buccella, D.; Dwivedi, A.; Orteschi, D.; Collins, J.S.; Zollino, M.; Visconti, P.; et al. Prevalence of SHANK3 variants in patients with different subtypes of autism spectrum disorders. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2013, 21, 310-316.
7. Gómez, S.L.; Torres, R.M.R.; Ares, E.M.T. Reviews on Autism. Rev. Latinoam. Psicol. 2009, 41, 555-570.
8. Kuehn, B.M. Data on autism prevalence, trajectories illuminate socioeconomic disparities. JAMA 2012, 307, 2137-2138.
9. Baio, J. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 Sites, United States, 2008. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2012, 61, 1-19.
10. Elsabbagh, M.; Divan, G.; Koh, Y.-J.; Kim, Y.S.; Kauchali, S.; Marcín, C.; Montiel-Nava, C.; Patel, V.; Paula, C.S.; Wang, C.; et al. Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Autism Res. 2012, 5, 160-179.
11. Prevention C for DC and CDC-Data and Statistics March 2014. 2013. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html (accessed on 4 October 2013).
12. De Leo, G.; Leroy, G. Smartphones to Facilitate Communication and Improve Social Skills of Children with Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC '08), Chicago, IL, USA, 11-13 June 2008.
13. Putnam, C.; Chong, L. Software and Technologies Designed for People with Autism; ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2008; pp. 3-10.
14. Hourcade, J.P.; Williams, S.R.; Miller, E.A.; Huebner, K.E.; Liang, L.J. Evaluation of Tablet Apps to Encourage Social Interaction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders; ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
15. Schuh, J.M.; Eigsti, I.-M. Working memory, language skills, and autism symptomatology. Behav. Sci. 2012, 2, 207-218.
16. Nicolás, F.T. Tecnologías de Ayuda en Personas con Trastornos del Espectro Autista: Guía Para Docentes, 2004. Available online: http://diversidad.murciaeduca.es/tecnoneet/docs/autismo.pdf (accessed on 29 July 2014).
17. Takeo, T.; Toshitaka, N.; Daisuke, K. Development application softwares on PDA for autistic disorder children. IPSJ SIG Tech. Rep. 2007, 12, 31-38.
18. Ingersoll, B.; Wainer, A. Initial efficacy of project ImPACT: A parent-mediated social communication intervention for young children with ASD. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 2943-2952.
19. Powell, S. The use of computers in teaching people with autism. In Autism on the Agenda:Papers from a National Autistic Society Conference (NAS '96), London, England, 1996.
20. Ploog, B.O.; Scharf, A.; Nelson, D.; Brooks, P.J. Use of computer-assisted technologies (CAT) to enhance social, communicative, and language development in children with autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 301-322.
21. Stephanidis, C. Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. User and Context Diversity. In Proceedings of the Users Diversity: 6th International Conference (UAHCI '11), Orlando, FL, USA, 9-14 July 2011.
22. Lahiri, U.; Bekele, E.; Dohrmann, E.; Warren, Z.; Sarkar, N. Design of a virtual reality based adaptive response technology for children with autism. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 2013, 21, 55-64.
23. Kim, E.S.; Berkovits, L.D.; Bernier, E.P.; Leyzberg, D.; Shic, F.; Paul, R.; Scassellati, B. Social robots as embedded reinforcers of social behavior in children with autism. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 1038-1049.
24. Welch, K.C.; Lahiri, U.; Liu, C.; Weller, R.; Sarkar, N.; Warren, Z. An Affect-Sensitive Social Interaction Paradigm Utilizing Virtual Reality Environments for Autism Intervention. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interact, Ambient, Ubiquitous Intelligent Interaction, San Diego, CA, USA, 19-24 July 2009; pp. 703-712.
25. Wang, M.; Reid, D. Virtual reality in pediatric neurorehabilitation: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and cerebral palsy. Neuroepidemiology 2011, 36, 2-18.
26. Scassellati, B.; Admoni, H.; Matarić, M. Robots for use in autism research. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2012, 14, 275-294.
27. Milgram, P. A toxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. 1994, 77, 1321-1329.
28. Botella, C.M.; Juan, M.C.; Baños, R.M.; Alcañiz, M.; Guillén, V.; Rey, B. Mixing realities? An application of augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia. Cyberpsychol. Behav. 2005, 8, 162-171.
29. Rothbaum, B.; Hodges, L.; Kooper, R.; Opdyke, D.; Williford, J.; North, M. Effectiveness of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia. Amer. J. Psychiat. 1995, 152, 626-688.
30. Riva, G.; Bacchetta, M.; Baruffi, M.; Rinaldi, S.; Molinari, E. Virtual reality based experiential cognitive treatment of anorexia nervosa. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiat. 1999, 30, 221-230.
31. Chang, Y.-J.; Chen, S.-F.; Huang, J.-D. A Kinect-based system for physical rehabilitation: A pilot study for young adults with motor disabilities. Res. Dev. Disabil. 2011, 32, 2566-2570.
32. Hughes, C.E.; Stapleton, C.B.; Hughes, D.E.; Smith, E.M. Mixed reality in education, entertainment, and training. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 2005, 25, 24-30.
33. Max, M.L.; Burke, J.C. Virtual reality for autism communication and education, with lessons for medical training simulators. Stud. Health Technol. Inform. 1997, 39, 46-53.
34. Ke, F.; Im, T. Virtual-reality-based social interaction training for children with high-functioning autism. J. Educ. Res. 2013, 106, 441-461.
35. Blanc, A. Brigadoon: An Innovative Online Community for People Dealing with Asperger's Syndrome and Autism. 2006. Available online: http://braintalk.blogs.com/brigadoon/ (accessed on 9 July 2014).
36. Parsons, S.; Leonard, A.; Mitchell, P. Virtual environments for social skills training: Comments from two adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder. Comput. Educ. 2006, 47, 186-206.
37. Mitchell, P.; Parsons, S.; Leonard, A. Using virtual environments for teaching social understanding to 6 adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2007, 37, 589-600.
38. Strickland, D.C.; Coles, C.D.; Southern, L.B. JobTIPS: A transition to employment program for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 2472-2483.
39. Josman, N.; Ben-Chaim, H.M.; Friedrich, S.; Weiss, P.L. Effectiveness of virtual reality for teaching street-crossing skills to children and adolescents with autism. Int. J. Disabil. Hum. Dev. 2011, 7, 49-56.
40. Herrera, G.; Alcantud, F.; Jordan, R.; Blanquer, A.; Labajo, G.; de Pablo, C. Development of symbolic play through the use of virtual reality tools in children with autistic spectrum disorders: Two case studies. Autism 2008, 12, 143-157.
41. Marc Fabri SYAEDM. Emotionally Expressive Avatars for Chatting, Learning and Therapeutic Intervention. Available online: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.63.1073 (accessed on 30 October 2013).
42. Ehrlich, J.A.; Miller, J.R. A Virtual environment for teaching social skills: AViSSS. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 2009, 29, 10-16.
43. Finkelstein, S.L.; Nickel, A.; Barnes, T.; Suma, E.A. Astrojumper: Designing a Virtual Reality Exergame to Motivate Children with Autism to Exercise. Available online: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qi d=16&SID=S24Y8bUE51PBlln6I8j&page=1&doc=1 (accessed on 5 November 2013).
44. Herrera, G.; Casas, X.; Sevilla, J.; Rosa, L.; Pardo, C.; Plaza, J. Pictogram room: Aplicación de tecnologías de interacción natural para el desarrollo del niño con autismo. Anu. Psicol. clínica y la salud 2012, 41-46. (In Spanish)
45. Fornasari, L.; Chittaro, L.; Ieronutti, L.; Cottini, L.; Dassi, S.; Cremaschi, S.; Molteni, M.; Fabbro, F.; Brambilla, P. Navigation and exploration of an urban virtual environment by children with autism spectrum disorder compared to children with typical development. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2013, 7, 956-965.
46. Kandalaft, M.R.; Didehbani, N.; Krawczyk, D.C.; Allen, T.T.; Chapman, S.B. Virtual reality social cognition training for young adults with high-functioning autism. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 34-44.
47. Parsons, S.; Mitchell, P. The potential of virtual reality in social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 2002, 46, 430-443.
48. Herrera, G.; Jordan, R.; Vera, L. Abstract concept and imagination teaching through virtual reality in people with autism spectrum disorders. Technol. Disabil. 2006, 18, 173-178.
49. Moore, D.; McGrath, P.; Powell, N.J. Collaborative virtual environment technology for people with autism. Focus Autism Dev. Disabl. 2005, 20, 231-243.
50. Bellani, M.; Fornasari, L.; Chittaro, L.; Brambilla, P. Virtual reality in autism: State of the art. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 2011, 20, 235-238.
51. Kamio, Y.; Inada, N.; Koyama, T.; Inokuchi, E.; Tsuchiya, K.; Kuroda, M. Effectiveness of using the modified checklist for autism in toddlers in two-stage screening of autism spectrum disorder at the 18-month health check-up in Japan. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2014, 44, 194-203.
52. Slocombe, K.E.; Alvarez, I.; Branigan, H.P.; Jellema, T.; Burnett, H.G.; Fischer, A.; Li, Y.H.; Garrod, S.; Levita, L. Linguistic alignment in adults with and without Asperger's syndrome. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 1423-1436.
53. Grynszpan, O.; Martin, J.-C.; Nadel, J. Multimedia interfaces for users with high functioning autism: An empirical investigation. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2008, 66, 628-639.
54. Orang, F. Fundación Orange-E-Mintza. Available online: http://fundacionorange.es/emintza.html (accessed on 29 July 2013).
55. Piktoplus-Autismo Diario. Available online: http://autismodiario.org/2013/01/31/piktoplus-yadisponible-en-descarga-directa-para-tablets-android/device-2013-01-31-183159/ (accessed on 29 July 2013).
56. Delano, M.E. Improving written language performance of adolescents with asperger syndrome. J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 2007, 40, 345-351.
57. DeQuinzio, J.A.; Townsend, D.B.; Sturmey, P.; Poulson, C.L. Generalized imitation of facial models by children with autism. J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 2007, 40, 755-759.
58. Torii, I.; Ohtani, K.; Shirahama, N.; Niwa, T.; Ishii, N. Voice Output Communication Aid Application for Personal Digital Assistant for autistic Children. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ACIS 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Science, Shanghai, China, 30 May-1 June 2012.
59. Torii, I.; Ohtani, K.; Niwa, T.; Ishii, N. Development and Study of Support Applications for Autistic Children. In Proceedings of the 2013 14th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, Honolulu, HI, USA, 1-3 July 2013.
60. Ganz, J.B.; Hong, E.R.; Goodwyn, F.D. Effectiveness of the PECS Phase III APP and choice between the APP and traditional PECS among preschoolers with ASD. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2013, 7, 973-983.
61. Nordoff, P. Music therapy and personality change in autistic children. J. Amer. Inst. Homeopath. 1964, 57, 305-310.
62. Nelson, D.L.; Anderson, V.G.; Gonzales, A.D. Music activities as therapy for children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. J. Music Therapy 1984, 21, 100-116
63. Whipple, J. Music in intervention for children and adolescents with autism: A meta-analysis. J. Music Therapy 2004, 41, 90-106.
64. Eren, B.; Deniz, J.; Düzkantar, A. The Effectiveness of Embedded Teaching through the most-to-least prompting procedure in concept teaching to children with autism within Orff-based music activities. Educ. Sci. Theory Pract. 2013, doi:10.12738/estp.2013.3.1499.
65. Duffy, B.; Fuller, R. Role of music therapy in social skills development in children with moderate intellectual disability. J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. 2000, 13, 77-89.
66. Hoelzl, M.; Meier, M.; Wirsing, M. Constraint-Muse: A Soft-Constraint Based System for Music Therapy. Available online: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product= UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=12&SID=S24Y8bUE51PBlln6I8j&page=1&doc=1 (accessed on 5 November 2013).
67. Lou, Y.; Wu, W.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, H.; Chen, Y. A Multi-User Interaction System Based on Kinect and Wii Remote. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 9-13 July 2012.
68. Tanaka, J.W.; Wolf, J.M.; Klaiman, C.; Koenig, K.; Cockburn, J.; Herlihy, L.; Brown, C.; Stahl, S.S.; South, M.; McPartland, J.C.; et al. The perception and identification of facial emotions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders using the Let's Face It! Emotion skills battery. J. Child Psychol. Psychiat. 2012, 53, 1259-1267.
69. Hulusic, V.; Pistoljevic, N. "LeFCA": Learning framework for children with autism. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2012, 15, 4-16.
70. Chanchalor, S.; Chusinkunawut, K. Integrated Learning of Autistics in Primary School through Computer. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information, Business and Education Technology (ICIBIT '13), Beijing, China, 14-15 March 2013.
71. Ho, W.C.; Davis, M.; Dautenhahn, K. Supporting Narrative Understanding of Children with Autism: A Story Interface with Autonomous Autobiographic Agents. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, Kyoto International Conference Center, Japan, 23-26 June 2009.
72. Murdock, L.C.; Ganz, J.; Crittendon, J. Use of an iPad play story to increase play dialogue of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 2174-2189.
73. Dillon, G.; Underwood, J. Computer mediated imaginative storytelling in children with autism. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2012, 70, 169-178.
74. Sarachan, J. Virtual Floortime Using Games to Engage Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference, Rochester, NY, USA, 7-9 September 2012.
75. Computers Helping People with Special Needs; Miesenberger, K., Klaus, J., Zagler, W., Karshmer, A., Eds.; Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2010.
76. Ploog, B.O.; Banerjee, S.; Brooks, P.J. Attention to prosody (intonation) and content in children with autism and in typical children using spoken sentences in a computer game. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2009, 3, 743-758.
77. McGonigle-Chalmers, M.; Alderson-Day, B.; Fleming, J.; Monsen, K. Profound expressive language impairment in low functioning children with autism: An investigation of syntactic awareness using a computerised learning task. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2013, 43, 2062-2081.
78. Golan, O.; Baron-Cohen, S. Systemizing empathy: Teaching adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism to recognize complex emotions using interactive multimedia. Dev. Psychopathol. 2006, 18, 591-617.
79. Baker, L.C.; Macaulay, D.S.; Sorg, R.A.; Diener, M.D.; Johnson, S.J.; Birnbaum, H.G. Effects of care management and telehealth: A longitudinal analysis using medicare data. J. Amer. Geriat. Soc. 2013, 61, 1560-1567.
80. Tuxbury, J.S. The experience of presence among telehealth nurses. J. Nurs. Res. 2013, 21, 155-161.
81. Waite, M.C.; Theodoros, D.G.; Russell, T.G.; Cahill, L.M. Assessment of children's literacy via an Internet-based telehealth system. Telemed. J. E-Health 2010, 16, 564-575.
82. Cox, N.S.; Alison, J.A.; Button, B.M.; Wilson, J.W.; Holland, A.E. Assessing exercise capacity using telehealth: A feasibility study in adults with cystic fibrosis. Respir. Care 2013, 58, 286-290.
83. Munoz, R.A.; Burbano, N.H.; Motoa, M.V.; Santiago, G.; Klevemann, M.; Casilli, J. Telemedicine in pediatric cardiac critical care. Telemed. J. E-Health 2012, 18, 132-136.
84. Lichstein, K.L.; Scogin, F.; Thomas, S.J.; Dinapoli, E.A.; Dillon, H.R.; McFadden, A. Telehealth cognitive behavior therapy for co-occurring insomnia and depression symptoms in older adults. J. Clin. Psychol. 2013, 69, 1056-1065.
85. Hommel, K.A.; Hente, E.; Herzer, M.; Ingerski, L.M.; Denson, L.A. Telehealth behavioral treatment for medication nonadherence: A pilot and feasibility study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013, 25, 469-473.
86. Wagner, J.L.; Levisohn, P.M.; Onufer, C.N.; Uchegbu, G.C.; Fletcher, L.; Zupanc, M.; Browne, M. Project access: Strategies to improve care for children and youth with epilepsy: Illustrations of recommendations in the IOM report on the epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav. 2013, 29, 121-127.
87. Baharav, E.; Reiser, C. Using telepractice in parent training in early autism. Telemed. J. E-Health 2010, 16, 727-731.
88. Wacker, D.P.; Lee, J.F.; Padilla Dalmau, Y.C.; Kopelman, T.G.; Lindgren, S.D.; Kuhle, J.; Pelzel, K.E.; Dyson, S.; Schieltz, K.M.; Waldron, D.B. Conducting functional communication training via telehealth to reduce the problem behavior of young children with a utism. J. Dev. Phys. Disabilities 2013, 25, 35-48.
89. Wacker, D.P.; Lee, J.F.; Dalmau, Y.C.P.; Kopelman, T.G.; Lindgren, S.D.; Kuhle, J.; Pelzel, K.E.; Waldron, D.B. Conducting functional analyses of problem behavior via telehealth. J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 2013, 46, 31-46.
90. Vismara, L.A.; Young, G.S.; Rogers, S.J. Telehealth for expanding the reach of early autism training to parents. Autism Res. Treat. 2012, doi:10.1155/2012/121878.
91. Kobak, K.A.; Stone, W.L.; Wallace, E.; Warren, Z.; Swanson, A.; Robson, K. A web-based tutorial for parents of young children with autism: Results from a pilot study. Telemed. J. E-Health 2011, 17, 804-808.
92. Oberleitner, R.; Laxminarayan, S.; Suri, J.; Harrington, J.; Bradstreet, J. The potential of a store and forward tele-behavioral platform for effective treatment and research of autism. Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2004, 5, 3294-3296.
93. Oberleitner, R.; Elison-Bowers, P.; Harrington, J.; Hendren, R.; Kun, L.; Reischl, U. Merging Video Technology with Personal Health Records to Facilitate Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism. In Proceedings of the 1st Transdisciplinary Conference on Distributed Diagnosis and Home Healthcare, 2006, D2H2, Arlington, VA, USA, 2-4 April 2006.
94. Oberleitner, R.; Elison-Bowers, P.; Reischl, U.; Ball, J. Optimizing the personal health record with special video capture for the treatment of autism. J. Dev. Phys. Disabilities 2007, 19, 513-518.
95. Parmanto, B.; Pulantara, I.W.; Schutte, J.L.; Saptono, A.; McCue, M.P. An integrated telehealth system for remote administration of an adult autism assessment. Telemed. J. E-Health 2013, 19, 88-94.
96. Reese, R.M.; Jamison, R.; Wendland, M.; Fleming, K.; Braun, M.J.; Schuttler, J.O.; Turek, J. Evaluating interactive videoconferencing for assessing symptoms of autism. Telemed. J. E-Health 2013, 19, 671-677.
97. Gorini, A.; Gaggioli, A.; Vigna, C.; Riva, G. A second life for eHealth: Prospects for the use of 3-D virtual worlds in clinical psychology. J. Med. Internet Res. 2008, doi: 10.2196/jmir.1029.
98. Machalicek, W.; O'Reilly, M.F.; Rispoli, M.; Davis, T.; Lang, R.; Franco, J.H.; Chan, J.M. Training teachers to assess the challenging behaviors of students with autism using video tele-conferencing. Educ. Train. Autism Dev. Disabil. 2010, 45, 203-215.
99. Morland, L.A.; Raab, M.; Mackintosh, M.-A.; Rosen, C.S.; Dismuke, C.E.; Greene, C.J.; Frueh, B.C. Telemedicine: A Cost-reducing means of delivering psychotherapy to rural combat veterans with PTSD. Telemed. J. E-Health 2013, 19, 754-759.
100. Boisvert, M.; Lang, R.; Andrianopoulos, M.; Boscardin, M.L. Telepractice in the assessment and treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Dev. Neurorehabil. 2010, 13, 423-432.
101. Werry, I.; Dautenhahn, K.; Harwin, W. Investigating a Robot as a Therapy Partner for Children with Autism. 2001. Available online: http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/1905 (accessed on 31 October 2013).
102. Robins, B.; Dautenhahn, K.; Boekhorst, R.T.; Billard, A. Robotic assistants in therapy and education of children with autism: Can a small humanoid robot help encourage social interaction skills? Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 2005, 4, 105-120.
103. Huskens, B.; Verschuur, R.; Gillesen, J.; Didden, R.; Barakova, E. Promoting question-asking in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders: Effectiveness of a robot intervention compared to a human-trainer intervention. Dev. Neurorehabil. 2013, 16, 345-356.
104. Goodrich, M.A.; Colton, M.; Brinton, B.; Fujiki, M.; Atherton, J.A.; Robinson, L.; Ricks, D.; Maxfield, M.H.; Acerson, A. Incorporating a robot into an autism therapy team. IEEE Intell. Syst. 2012, 27, 52-59.
105. Lee, J.; Takehashi, H.; Nagai, C.; Obinata, G.; Stefanov, D. Which robot features can stimulate better responses from children with autism in robot-assisted therapy? Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. 2012, 9, doi:10.5772/51128.
106. Tapus, A.; Peca, A.; Aly, A.; Pop, C.; Jisa, L.; Pintea, S.; Rusu, A.S.; David, D.O. Children with autism social engagement in interaction with Nao, an imitative robot-A series of single case experiments. Interact. Stud. 2012, 13, 315-347.
107. Jordan, K.; King, M.; Hellersteth, S.; Wirén, A.; Mulligan, H. Feasibility of using a humanoid robot for enhancing attention and social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Int. J. Rehabil. Res. 2013, 36, 221-227.
108. Srinivasan, S.M.; Lynch, K.A.; Bubela, D.J.; Gifford, T.D.; Bhat, A.N. Effect of interactions between a child and a robot on the imitation and praxis performance of typically devloping children and a child with autism: A preliminary study. Percept. Mot. Skills 2013, 116, 345-356.
109. Srinivasan, S.; Lynch, K.; Gifford, T.; Bubela, B.A. The effects of robot-child interactions on imitation and praxis performance of typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) between 4-10 years of age. J. Sport Exercise Psychol. 2011, 5, 41-42.
110. Bekele, E.T.; Lahiri, U.; Swanson, A.R.; Crittendon, J.A.; Warren, Z.E.; Sarkar, N. A step towards developing adaptive robot-mediated intervention architecture (ARIA) for children with autism. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 2013, 21, 289-299.
111. Vanderborght, B.; Simut, R.; Saldien, J.; Saldien, J.; Pop, C.; Rusu, A.S.; Pineta, S.; Lefeber, D.; David, D.O. Using the social robot probo as a social story telling agent for children with ASD. Interact. Stud. 2012, 13, 348-372.
112. Ben, R.; Kerstin, D.; Ester, F.; Gernot, K.; Barbara, P.-A.; Patrizia, M.; Iolanda, I.; Gert Jan, G.; Tanja, B.; Francesca, C.; et al. Scenarios of robot-assisted play for children with cognitive and physical disabilities. Interact. Stud. 2012, 13, doi:10.1075/is.13.2.03rob.
113. Robins, B.; Dautenhahn, K.; Dickerson, P. From Isolation to Communication: A Case Study Evaluation of Robot Assisted Play for Children with Autism with a Minimally Expressive Humanoid Robot. In Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conferences on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, Cancun, Mexico, 1-7 February 2009.
114. Keser, H.; Ozcinar, Z.; Kanbul, S.; Cankaya, S.; Kuzu, A. Investigating the characteristics of educational computer games developed for children with autism: A project proposal. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2010, 9, 825-830.
115. Lipana, L.S.; Bindal, D.; Nettiksimmons, J.; Shaikh, U. Telemedicine and face-to-face care for pediatric obesity. Telemed. J. E-Health 2013, 19, 806-808.