Reviews on autism;Revisiones sobre el autismo

Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 555-570

  Gómez, Santiago López ^a   Torres, Rosa María Rivas ^a   Ares, Eva María Taboada ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Autism; Etiology; Perinatal risks; Pervasive developmental disorders

Indexed keywords

EID: 77649123398     PISSN: 01200534     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Albores, L., Hernández, L., Díaz, J. A. & Cortés, B. (2008). Dificultades en la evaluación y diagnóstico del autismo. Una discusión. Salud Mental, 31, 37-44.
2. Álvarez, E. (2007). Trastornos del espectro autista. Revista Mexicana de Pediatría, 74(6), 269-276.
3. Aman, M. G., Arnold, L. E. & Armstrong, S. C. (1999). Review of serotonergic agents and perseverative bahavior in patients with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabibities Research Reviews, 5, 279-289.
4. th ed., text revision), DSM-IV-TR. Whashington: Author (Trad. Cast. (2002). Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, cuarta edición, texto revisado. Barcelona: Massón).
5. Anderson, M. (1998). Mental retardation general intelligenceand modularity. Learning and Individual Differences, 10, 159-178.
6. Andres, C. (2002). Molecular genetics and animal models in autistic disorders. Brain Research Bulletin, 57, 109-119.
7. Arseneault, L., Tremblay, R. E., Boulerie, B. & Saucier, J. F. (2002). Obstetrical complications and violent delinquency: testing two developmental pathways. Child Development, 73, 496-508.
8. Asperger, H. (1944). Die "Autistischen Psychopathen" en Kindersalter. Arch. für Psychiatrie und Nevenkrankheiten, 117, 76-136 (Trad. inglesa) (1994).
9. Frith, U. Autistic psychopathy. En U. Frith (Ed.), Autism and Asperger syndrome (pp. 37-92). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10. Association International Autisme Europe (AIAE) (2000). Description de lÁutisme, document prepare sous les auspicies do "Conseil dÁdministration dÁutisme Europe". Bruselas: AIAE.
11. Auyeung, B., Barón-Cohen, S., Ashwin, E., Knickmeyer, R., Taylor, K. & Hackett, G. (2009). Fetal testosterone and autistic traits. British Journal of Psychology, 100(1), 1-22.
12. Ayuda-Pascual, R. & Martos-Pérez, J. (2007). Influencia de la percepción social de las emociones en el lenguaje formal de niños con síndrome de Asperger o autismo de alto funcionamiento. Revista de Neurología, 44(2), 57-59.
13. Bailey, A., Bolton, P., Le Courter, A., Murphy, M., Scott, S., Webb, T. et al. (1993). Prevalence of the X Fragile anomaly amongst autistic twins and singletons. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 673-688.
14. Bailey, A., Le Courter, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E. et al. (1995). Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a Britishtwin study. Psychological Medicine, 25, 63-77.
15. Bailey, A., Phillips, W. & Rutter, M. (1996). Towards an integration of clinical, genetic and neuropsychological perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 89-126.
16. Baker, H. C. (2002). A comparison study of autism spectrum disorder referrals 1997 and 1989. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 121-125.
17. Barón-Cohen, S. (1998). Does the study justify minimalist innate modularity? Learnig and Individual Differences, 10, 179-191.
18. Barón-Cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 248-254.
19. Barón-Cohen, S. & Bolton, P. (1994). Autism, the facts. New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Barón-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Swettenham, J., Nightingale, N., Morgan, K. et al. (1996). Psychological markers in the detection of autism in infancy in a large population. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 158-163.
21. Barth, C., Fein, D. & Waterhouse, L. (1995). Delayed match-to-sample performance in autistic children. Development Neuropsychology, 11, 53-69.
22. Batchelor, E. S., Dean, R. S., Gray, J. W. & Wenck, S. (1989). Classification rates relative risk factors for perinatal events predicting emotional/behavioral disorders in children. Pre- Perinatal Psychology Journal, 5, 327-341.
23. Bolton, P., MacDonald, H., Pickles, A., Ríos, P., Goode, S., Crowson, M. et al. (1994). A case control family history study of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and allied disciplines, 35, 877-900.
24. Bolton, P., Park, R. J., Higgins, J. N. P., & Griffiths, P. D. Pickles, A. (2002). Neuro-epileptic determinats of autism spectrum disorders in tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain, 125, 1247-1255.
25. Bristol, P. M. & Spinella, G. (1999). Research on screening and diagnosis in autism: A work in progress. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 435-438.
26. Burger, R. A. & Warren, R. P. (1998). Possible immunogenetic basis for autism. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 4, 137-141.
27. Cannon, T. D., Rosso, I. M., Hollister, J. M., Beardem, C. E., Sánchez, L. E., & Hadley, T. (2000). A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 351-366.
28. Carter, A. S., Black, D. O., Tewani, S., Connolly, C. E., Kadlec, M. B. & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2007). Sex differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 86-97.
29. Cazzullo, A. G., Musetti, M. C., Musetti, L., Bajo, S., Sacerdote, P. & Perenay, A. (1999). Beta-Endophin levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and long-term naltrexone treatment in autistic children. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 9, 361-366.
30. Chakrabarti, S. & Fombonne, E. (2001). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 3093-3099.
31. Chen, W., Landau, S., Sham, P. & Fombonne, E. (2004). No evidence for links between autism, MMR and measles virus. Psychological Medicine, 24, 543-553.
32. Cook, E. (1990). Autism: review of neurochemical investigation. Synapse, 6, 292-308.
33. Cook, E. (1998). Genetics of autism. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabibities Research Reviews, 4, 113-120.
34. Cook, E. H. (2001). Genetics of autism. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10, 333-350.
35. Cornelio-Nieto, J. O. (2009). Autismo infantil y neuronas en espejo. Revista de Neurología, 48(2), 27-29.
36. Courchesne, E. (1998). Las anomalías de la actividad cerebelosa de los autistas pueden alterar los sistemas corticales y subcorticales: nueva hipótesis. En Actas del V Congreso Intern. Autismo-Europa "Barcelona- ́96". Madrid: Escuela Libre Ed.
37. Courchesne, E., Karns, C. M., Davis, H. R., Ziccardi, B. S., Carper, Ph. D., Tigue, Z. D. et al. (2001). Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study. Neurology, 57, 245-254.
38. Croen, L. A., Grether, J. K. & Selvein, S. (2002). Descriptive epidemiology of autism in a California population: Who is at risk? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 217-224.
39. Croen, L. A., Grether, J. K., Hoogstrate, J. & Selvin, S. (2002). The changing prevalence of autism in California. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 207-215.
40. Croonenberghs, J., Wauters, A., Devreese, K., Verkerk, R., Scharpe, S., Bosmans, E. et al. (2002). Increased serum albumin, gammaglobin, immunoglobulin IgG, and IgG2 and IgG4 in autism. Psychological Medicine, 32, 1457-1463.
41. Damasio, A. & Anderson, S. W. (1993). The frontal lobes. En K. M. Heilman y E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology (pp. 409-460). New York: Oxford University Press.
42. Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A. N., Osterling, J. & Rinaldi, J. (1998). Neuropsychological correlates of early symptoms of autism. Child Development, 69, 1276-1285.
43. Dawson, G., Munson, J., Eates, A., Osterling, J., McPartland, J., Toth, K. et al. (2002). Neurocognitive function and joint attention ability in young children with autism spectrum disorder versus developmental delay. Child Development, 73, 345-358.
44. DeLong, G. R. (1999). Autism: New data suggest a new hypothesis. Neurology, 52, 911-916.
45. DeStefano, F. & Chen, R. T. (2001). Autism and measlesmumps-rubella vaccination: Controversy laid to rest? CNS Drugs, 15, 831-837.
46. Eaton, W. W., Mortensen, P. B., Thomsen, P. H. & Frydenberg, M. (2001). Obstetric complications and risk for severe psychopathology in childhood. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 31, 279-285.
47. Estecio, M., Fett, A., Varella, M., Fridman, C. & Silva, E. (2002). Molecular and cytogenetic analyses on Brazilian youths with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 32, 35-41.
48. Fein, D., Allen, D., Dunn, M., Feinstein, C., Green, L., Morris, R. et al. (1997). Pitocin induction and autism. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 438-439.
49. Fisher, N. & Happé, F. (2005). A training study of theory of mind and executive function in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 757-771.
50. Folstein, S. E. (1999). Autism. International Review of Psychiatry, 11, 269-277.
51. Fombonne, E. (1999). The epidemiology of autism: A review. Psychologycal Medicine, 29, 769-786.
52. Fombonne, E. (2001). Is there an epidemic of autism? Pediatrics, 107, 411-412.
53. Fombonne, E. (2002). Prevalence of childhood desintegrative disorder. Autism, 6, 149-157.
54. Fombonne, E. (2003). The prevalence of autism. The Journal of the American Medical Association. JAMA, 289, 87-89.
55. Fretts, R., Schmittdiel, J., McLean, F., Usher, R. & Goldman, M. (1995). Increased maternal age and the risk of fetal death. The New England Journal of Medicine, 15, 953-957.
56. Frith, U. (1989). Autism. Explaining the enigma. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
57. Frith, U. (2002). Mind blindness and the brain in autism. Neuron, 32(6), 969-979.
58. Frith, U. & Frith, C. D. (2003). Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 459-473.
59. Ghaziuddin, M., Al-Khouri, I. & Ghaziuddin, N. (2002). Autistic symptoms following herpes encephalitis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 142-146.
60. Gillberg, C. (1988). The neurobiology of infantile autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and allied disciplines, 29, 257-266.
61. Gillberg, C. (1999). Neurodevelopmental processes and psychological functioning in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 567-587.
62. Gillberg, C. & Billstedt, E. (2000). Autism and Aperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 321-330.
63. Gillberg, C. & Gillberg, I. C. (1983). Infantile autism: A total population study of reduced optimality in the pre-, and neonatal periods. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 13, 153-166.
64. Gillberg, C. & Wing, L. (1999). Autism: Not an extremely rare disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 99, 399-406.
65. Gillberg, C., Steffenburg, S., Walhström, J., Gillberg, I. C., Sjöstedt, A., Martinsson, T. et al. (1991). Autism associated with marker chromosome. Journal of American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 304, 325-329.
66. Gómez, J. & Núñez, M. (1998). La mente social y la mente física: desarrollo y dominios de conocimiento. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 84, 5-32.
67. González, J. & Moya, M. (1996). Asfixia perinatal, encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica y secuelas neurológicas en recién nacidos a término. II. Descripción e interrelaciones. Revista de Neurología, 24, 969-976.
68. Gray, J. W. & Dean, R. S. (1991). Behavioral implications of perinatal complications: An overview. En J. W. Gray & R. S. Dean (Eds.), Neuropsychology of perinatal complications (pp. 1-21). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
69. Gray, J. W., Dean, R. S. & Rattan, G. (1987). Assessment of perinatal risk factors. Psychology in the Schools, 24, 15-21.
70. Griffith, E. M., Pennington, B. F., Wehner, E. A. & Rogers, S. J. (1999). Executive functions in young children with autism. Child Development, 70, 817-832.
71. Gustafsson, L. (1997). Inadequate cortical feature maps: A neural circuit theory of autism. Biological Psychiatry, 42, 1138-1147.
72. Gutiérrez, G. C., Smalley, S. L. & Tanguay, P. E. (1998). Autism in tuberous sclerosis complex. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 28, 97-103.
73. Happé, F. (1998). Introducción al autismo. Madrid: Alianza.
74. Hemby, S. E., Sánchez, M. M. & Winslow, J. T. (2001). Functional genomics approaches to a primate model of autistic symptomology. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 31, 551-555.
75. Hessel, D., Dyer-Friedman, J., Glaser, B., Wisbeck, J., Barajas, R. G., Taylor, A. et al. (2001). The influence of environmental and genetic factors on behavior problems and autistics symptoms in boys and girls with fragile X syndrome. Pediatrics, 108, 88-96.
76. Hill, E. L. & Frith, U. (2003). Understanding autism: insights from mind and brain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 281-289.
77. Hill, S. K., Cawthorne, V. & Dean, R. S. (1998). Utility of the Maternal Perinatal Scale (MPS) in distinguishing normal form learning disabled children. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 95, 141-154.
78. Idiazábal, M. A. & Boque, E. (2007). Procesamiento cognitivo en los trastornos del espectro autista. Revista de Neurología, 44(1), 49-51.
79. Iverson, J. M. & Wozniak, R. H. (2007). Variatin in vocalmotor development in infant siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 158-170.
80. Jambaque, I., Mottron, L, Ponsot, G. & Chiron, C. (1998). Autism and visual agnosia in a child with right occipital lobectomy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 65, 555-560.
81. Jones, N. A., Field, T., Fox, N. A., Dávalos, M., Lundy, B. & Hart, S. (1998). Newborns of mothers with depressive symtoms are physiologically less developed. Infant Behaviour Development, 21, 537-541.
82. Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous child, 2, 217-250 Reeditado por L. Kanner (1983). Childhood psychosis: Initial studies and new insigts. New York: Wiley.
83. Kleinhans, T., Richards, T., Weaver, K. E., Liang, O., Dawson, G. & Aylward, E. (2009). Brief report: Biochemical correlates of clinical impairment in high functioning Autism and Asperger ́s disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,39(7), 1079-1086.
84. Koniak, D. & Turner, C. (2001). Health risks and psychosocial outcomes of early chilbering: A review of the literature. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 15, 1-17.
85. Konstantareas, M. M. & Homatidis, S. (1999). Chromosimal abnormalities in a series of children with autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 275-285.
86. Krause, I, He, X, Gershwin, M. E. & Shoenfeld, Y. (2002). Brief report: Immune factors in autism: A critical review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 337-345.
87. Leckman, J. F. & Lombroso, P. L. (1998) Development of the cerebral cortex: IV. Transcription factors. Journal of the American Academy of Child. Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 451-452.
88. Lester, B. M., Tronick, E. Z., LaGasse, L., Seifer, R., Bauer, Ch. R., Shankarans, S. et al. (2002). The maternal lifestyle study: Effects of substance exposure during pregnancy on neurodevelopmental outcome in 1-month-old infants. Pediatrics, 110, 1182-1192.
89. Loh, A., Soman, T., Brian, J., Bryson, S. E., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P. et al. (2007). Steretyped motor behaviors associated with autism in high-risk infants: a pilt videotape analysis of a sibling sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 25-36.
90. López, S., Rivas, R. M. & Taboada, E. M. (2008a). Detección de los riesgos maternos perinatales en los trastornos generalizados del desarrollo. Salud Mental, 31(5), 371-379.
91. López, S., Rivas, R. M., & Taboada, E. M. (2008b). Los riesgos maternos pre peri y neonatales en una muestra de madres de hijos con trastorno generalizado del desarrollo. Psicothema, 20(4), 684-690.
92. Lord, C., Mulloy, C., Wendelboe, M. & Schopler, E. (1991). Pre- and perinatal factors in high-funtioning females and males with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 21, 197-209.
93. MacDorman, M. F., Minino, A. M., Strobino, D. M. & Guyer, B. (2002). Annual Summary of vital statistics, 2001. Pediatrics, 110, 1037-1052.
94. Mackowiak, M. A (2000). Etiology of autism-Focus on the biological perspective. Early Child Development Care, 160, 77-84.
95. Madsen, K. M., Hviid, A., Vestergaard, M., Thorsen, P., Plesner, A. M., Andersen, P. et al. (2002). A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. The New England Journal Medicine, 347, 1477-1482.
96. Madsen, K. M., Lauritsen, M. B., Pedersen, C. B., Schendel, D., Wohlfahrt, J., Thorsen, P. et al. (2003). Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence form danish population-based data. Pediatrics, 112, 604-606.
97. Martos, J. (2007). Procesos de atención en el autismo. Revista de Neurología, 46 (1), 69-70.
98. Matsuishi, T., Yamashita, Y., Ohtani, Y., Ornitz, E., Kuriya, N., Murakami Y. et al. (1999). Brief report: Incidence of and the risk factors for autistic disorders in neonatal intensive care unit suvivors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 161-166.
99. McCurry, C., Silverton, L. & Mednick, S. A. (1991). Psychiatric consequences of pregnancy and birth complications. En J. W. Gray & R. S. Dean (Ed.), Neuropsychology of perinatal complications (pp. 186-203). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
100. McDougle, C. J., Kresch, L. E. & Posey, D. J. (2000). Repetitive thoughts and behavior in pervasive developmental disorders: Treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 427-435.
101. Meier, A. (1985). Child psychiatric sequelae of maternal war stress. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 72, 505-511.
102. Nelson, K. B. & Bauman, M. (2003). Thimerosal and autism? Pediatrics, 111, 674-679.
103. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS/WHO) (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research. WHO (Trad. Cast. 1992), CIE-10. Trastornos mentales y del comportamiento. Descripciones clínicas y pautas para el diagnóstico. 10a Rev. Madrid: Meditor).
104. Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B. F. & Rogers, S. J. (1991). Executive function deficits in high functioning autistic individuals: relationship to theory of mind. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and allied disciplines, 32, 108-115.
105. Ozonoff, S., Rogers, S. J. & Pennington, B. F. (1993). Can standard measures identify subclinical markers of autism? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23, 429-441.
106. Pacherie, E. (1999). Imágenes motoras, autoconciencia y autismo. En J. Russell (Ed.), El autismo como trastorno de la función ejecutiva (pp. 205-243). Madrid: Médica Panamericana.
107. Page, T. (2000). Metabolic approaches to the treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 30, 463-469.
108. Patterson, P. H. (2002). Maternal infection: Window on neuroimmune interactions in fetal brain development and mental illness. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12, 115-118.
109. Perry, A., Flanagan, H. E., Geier, J. D. & Freeman, N. L. (2009). Brief report: The Vineland Adaptative Behavior Scales in Young Children with autism spectrum disorders at different cognitive levels. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(7), 1066-1078.
110. Piven, J., Tsai, G., Nehme, E., Coyle, J. T., Chase, G. A. & Folstein, S. E. (1991). Platelet serotonin, a possible marker for familial autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 51-60.
111. Posey, D. J., Guenin, K. D., Kohn, A., Swiezy, N. B. & McDougle, C. J. (2001). A naturalistic openlabel study of mirtazapine in autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 11, 267-277.
112. Pry, R. & Guillain, A. (2002). Symptomatologie autistique et niveaux de developpement. Enfance, 54, 51-62.
113. Queenan, J. T. & Donoso, E. (1999). Embarazo de alto riesgo. En A. Pérez & E. Donoso. Obstetricia (pp. 471-478). Chile: Mediterránea.
114. Rapin, I. (1999). Autism in search of a home in the brain (editorial). Neurology, 52, 902-904.
115. Rapin, I. (2002). The autistic-spectrum disorders. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 302-303.
116. Reichler, R. J. & Lee, E. M. C. (1987). Overview of biomedical issues in autism. En E. Schopler y G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Neurobiological issues in autism (pp. 14-43). New York: Plenum.
117. Richler, J., Bishop, S. L., Kleinke, J. R. & Lord, C. (2007). Restricted and repetitive behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 73-85.
118. Rieffe, C., Terwogt, M. M. & Stockmann, L. (2000). Understanding atypical emotions among children with autism. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 30, 195-203.
119. Rivière, A. (1993). El desarrollo y la educación del niño autista. En A. Marchesi, C. Coll y J. Palacios (Comps.), Desarrollo psicológico y educación, III. Necesidades educativas especiales y aprendizaje escolar (pp. 313-333). Madrid: Alianza.
120. Rivière, A. (2001). Autismo. Orientaciones para la intervención educativa. Madrid: Trotta.
121. Robbins, T. W. (1999). Integración de las dimensiones neurobiológica y neuropsicológica del autismo. En J. Russell (Ed.), El autismo como trastorno de la función ejecutiva (pp. 23-52). Madrid: Médica Panamericana.
122. Rodier, P. M. (2002). Converging evidence from stem injury in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 537-557.
123. Rodríguez, I. R., Moreno, F. J. & Aguilera, A. (2007). La atención educativa en el caso del alumnado con trastornos del espectro autista. Revista de Educación, 344, 425-445.
124. Rogers, S. J., Wehner, E. A & Hagerman, R. (2001). The behavioral phenotype in fragile X: Symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and other developmental disorders. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 22, 409-217.
125. Russo, N., Nicol, T., Trommer, B., Zecker, & S. Kraus, N. (2009). Brainstem transcription of speech is disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorders. Developmental science, 12(4), 557-567.
126. Sahley, T. L. & Panksepp, I. (1987). Brain opioids and autism: An updated analysis of possible linkcages. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 201-216.
127. Sandman, C. A., Spence, M. A. & Smith, M. (1999). Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) disregulation and response to opiate blockers. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabibities Research Reviews, 5, 314-321.
128. Serra, M., Loth, F. L., Van Geert, P. L. C., Hurkens, E. & Minderaa, R. B. (2002). Theory of mind in children with "lesser variants" of autism: A longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and allied disciplines, 43, 885-900.
129. Smalley, S. L. (1991). Genetic influences in autism. The Psychiatric Clinics North America, 14, 125-139.
130. Smalley, S. L., Arsanouw, R. F. & Spence, M. A. (1988). Autism and genetics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 953-961.
131. Stein, D., Weixman, A., Ring, A. & Barak, Y. (2006). Obstetric complications in individuals diagnosed with autism and in healthy controls. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 69-75.
132. Stevens, M. C., Fein, D. A., Dunn, M., Allen, D., Waterhause, L., Feinstein, C. et al. (2000). Subgroups of children with autism cluster analysis: A longitudinal examination. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 346-352.
133. Strauss, W. L., Unis, A. S., Cowan, C., Dawson, G. & Dager, S. (2002). Fluorine magnetic resonance in pediatric patients treated for pervasive developmental disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 755-760.
134. Taylor, B., Miller, R., Lingan, R., Andrews, N., Simmons, A. & Stowe, J. (2002). Measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: Population study. British Medical Journal, 324, 393-396.
135. Teunisse, J. P., Cools, A. R., Van-Spaendonck, K. P. M., Aerts, F. H. T. M. & Berger, H. J. C. (2002). Cognitive styles in high-functioning adolescent with autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 55-66.
136. Tidmarsh, L. (2003). There is little evidence that combined vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella is associated vith autism. Evidence-Based Ment Health, 6, 62.
137. Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Pérez-Sayes, G., Erekatxo-Bilbao, M. & Peregrin-Valero, C. (2007). ¿Qué es la teoría de la mente? Revista de Neurología, 48(2), 27-29.
138. Tomashek, K. M., Hsia, J. & Iyasu, S. (2003). Trends in postneonatal mortality atrributable to injury, United States, 1988-1998. Pediatrics, 111, 1219-1225.
139. Toth, K., Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A. N., Greenson, J. & Fein, D. (2007). Early social, Imitation play, and language abilities of young non-autistic siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 145-157.
140. Trottier, G., Srivastava, L. & Walker, C. D. (1999). Etiology of infantile autism: A review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 24, 103-115.
141. Tsai, L. & Steward, M. A. (1983). Etiological implications of maternal age and birth order in infantile autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 57-65.
142. Turk, J. & Graham, P. (1997). Fragile X syndrome, autism and autistic features. Autism, 1, 175-197.
143. Valente, M. (1997). Autism: symptomatic and idiopathic and mental retardation. Pediatrics, 48, 495-496.
144. Weissman, M. M., Warner, V., Wickramaratne, P. J. & Kandel, D. B. (1999). Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychopathology in offspring followed to adulthood. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 892-899.
145. Werner, E., Dawson, G., Munson, J. & Osterling, J. (2005). Variation in early developmental course in autism and its relation with behavioral outcome at 3-4 years of age. Journal of Autism and Develpmental Disorder, 35, 337-350.
146. Whiteley, P., Rodgers, J. & Shattock, P. (2000). Feeding Patterns in Autism. Autism, 4, 207-211.
147. Wilkerson, D. S., Volpe, A. G., Dean, R. S. & Titus, J. B. (2002). Perinatal complications as predictors of infantile autism. International Journal of Neuroscience, 112, 1085-1098.
148. Willemsen, S., Buitellar, J. K., Van-Berckerlaer & O. Van-Engeland, H. (1999). Six months continuation treatment in naltrexone-responsive children with autism: An open-label case-control design. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 167-169.
149. Williams, P. G. y Hersh, J. H. (1998). The association of neurofibromatosis type 1 and autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 567-571.
150. Wing, L. (1987). The continuum of autistic characteristics. En E. Schopler y G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Autism in adolescent and adults (pp. 91-110). New York: Plenum.
151. Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Rice, C., Karapurkar, T., Doernberg, N., Boyle, C. & Murphy, C. (2003). Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 49-55.
152. Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, E., Rogers, T. S., Roberts, W., Brian, J. & Szatmari, P. (2005). Behavioral manifestations of autism in the firs yerar of life. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 143-152.