Hypoxia in diabetic kidneys

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Takiyama, Yumi ^a   Haneda, Masakazu ^a  

^a ASAHIKAWA MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYL COENZYME A; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; GLUCOSE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1ALPHA; METFORMIN; MICRORNA; PROCOLLAGEN PROLINE 2 OXOGLUTARATE 4 DIOXYGENASE; PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE; PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE KINASE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE DEHYDROGENASE (UBIQUINONE); SIRTUIN; SIRTUIN 1; SIRTUIN 2; SIRTUIN 3; SIRTUIN 4; SIRTUIN 5; SIRTUIN 6; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; SUPEROXIDE; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE E3; VASCULOTROPIN; VON HIPPEL LINDAU PROTEIN; HIF1A PROTEIN, HUMAN; OXYGEN; SIRT1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; SODIUM;

ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNT; DEACETYLATION; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; GLYCOLYSIS; HALF LIFE TIME; HEART OUTPUT; HUMAN; HYPEROXIA; HYPOXIA; KIDNEY PERFUSION; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; RENAL PROTECTION; REOXYGENATION; RESPIRATORY CHAIN; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TISSUE OXYGENATION; TRANSACTIVATION; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; ANOXIA; CHEMISTRY; DIABETES MELLITUS; KIDNEY; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; METABOLISM; MOUSE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; VASCULARIZATION;

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ANIMALS; ANOXIA; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; HYPEROXIA; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1, ALPHA SUBUNIT; KIDNEY; METFORMIN; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; SIRTUIN 1; SODIUM;

EID: 84904123392     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/837421     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Orchard T. J., Secrest A. M., Miller R. G., Costacou T., In the absence of renal disease, 20 year mortality risk in type 1 diabetes is comparable to that of the general population: a report from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetologia 2010 53 11 2312 2319 2-s2.0-77957675234 10.1007/s00125-010-1860-3
2. Afkarian M., Sachs M. C., Kestenbaum B., Hirsch I. B., Tuttle K. R., Himmelfarb J., Boer I. H. D., Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2013 24 2 302 308 2-s2.0-84873359828 10.1681/ASN.2012070718
3. Nangaku M., Chronic hypoxia and tubulointerstitial injury: a final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006 17 1 17 25 2-s2.0-33645452371 10.1681/ASN.2005070757
4. Haase V. H., The VHL/HIF oxygen-sensing pathway and its relevance to kidney disease. Kidney International 2006 69 8 1302 1307 2-s2.0-33646127170 10.1038/sj.ki.5000221
5. Eckardt K.-U., Bernhardt W., Willam C., Wiesener M., Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and their role in renal disease. Seminars in Nephrology 2007 27 3 363 372 2-s2.0-34249040254 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.02.007 (Pubitemid 46802919)
6. Singh D. K., Winocour P., Farrington K., Mechanisms of disease: the hypoxic tubular hypothesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008 4 4 216 226 2-s2.0-41349110662 10.1038/ncpneph0757 (Pubitemid 351451302)
7. Ries M., Basseau F., Tyndal B., Jones R., Deminière C., Catargi B., Combe C., Moonen C. W. T., Grenier N., Renal diffusion and BOLD MRI in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2003 17 1 104 113 2-s2.0-0037219787 10.1002/jmri.10224 (Pubitemid 36034140)
8. Palm F., Hansell P., Ronquist G., Waldenström A., Liss P., Carlsson P.-O., Polyol-pathway-dependent disturbances in renal medullary metabolism in experimental insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetologia 2004 47 7 1223 1231 2-s2.0-4143078293 (Pubitemid 39093318)
9. Rosenberger C., Khamaisi M., Abassi Z., Shilo V., Weksler-Zangen S., Goldfarb M., Shina A., Zibertrest F., Eckardt K.-U., Rosen S., Heyman S. N., Adaptation to hypoxia in the diabetic rat kidney. Kidney International 2008 73 1 34 42 2-s2.0-37249086816 10.1038/sj.ki.5002567 (Pubitemid 350273633)
10. Higgins D. F., Kimura K., Bernhardt W. M., Shrimanker N., Akai Y., Hohenstein B., Saito Y., Johnson R. S., Kretzler M., Cohen C. D., Eckardt K.-U., Iwano M., Haase V. H., Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in vivo via HIF-1 stimulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007 117 12 3810 3820 2-s2.0-36849021771 10.1172/JCI30487 (Pubitemid 350224091)
11. Thelwall P. E., Taylor R., Marshall S. M., Non-invasive investigation of kidney disease in type 1 diabetes by magnetic resonance imaging. Diabetologia 2011 54 9 2421 2429 2-s2.0-80054692643 10.1007/s00125-011-2163-z
12. Pruijm M., Hofmann L., Zanchi A., Maillard M., Forni V., Muller M.-E., Wuerzner G., Vogt B., Stuber M., Burnier M., Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system and renal tissue oxygenation as measured with BOLD-MRI in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2013 99 2 136 144 2-s2.0-84876739996 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.11.004
13. Inoue T., Kozawa E., Okada H., Inukai K., Watanabe S., Kikuta T., Watanabe Y., Takenaka T., Katayama S., Tanaka J., Suzuki H., Noninvasive evaluation of kidney hypoxia and fibrosis using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2011 22 8 1429 1434 2-s2.0-79960957297 10.1681/ASN.2010111143
14. Thaysen J. H., Lassen N. A., Munck O., Sodium transport and oxygen consumption in the mammalian kidney. Nature 1961 190 4779 919 921 2-s2.0-0002562033 10.1038/190919a0
15. McDonuogh A. A., Thomson S. C., Brebbber B., Rector F., Metabolic basis of solute transport. The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology 2011 Philadelphia, Pa, USA WB Saunders 138 157
16. Jerums G., Premaratne E., Panagiotopoulos S., MacIsaac R. J., The clinical significance of hyperfiltration in diabetes. Diabetologia 2010 53 10 2093 2104 2-s2.0-77958055604 10.1007/s00125-010-1794-9
17. Gullans S. R., Harris S. I., Mandel L. J., Glucose-dependent respiration in suspensions of rabbit cortical tubules. Journal of Membrane Biology 1984 78 3 257 262 2-s2.0-0021337168 (Pubitemid 14173851)
18. Brezis M., Agmon Y., Epstein F. H., Determinants of intrarenal oxygenation: I. Effects of diuretics. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology 1994 267 6, part 2 F1059 F1062 2-s2.0-0028566484 (Pubitemid 124005388)
19. Epstein F. H., Prasad P., Effects of furosemide on medullary oxygenation in younger and older subjects. Kidney International 2000 57 5 2080 2083 2-s2.0-0034062794 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00057.x (Pubitemid 30252300)
20. Cherney D. Z. I., Perkins B. A., Soleymanlou N., Malone M., Lai V., Lee A., Fagan N. M., Woerle H. J., Johansen O. E., Broedl U. C., Von Eynatten M., Renal hemodynamic effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2014 129 587 597
21. Takiyama Y., Harumi T., Watanabe J., Fujita Y., Honjo J., Shimizu N., Makino Y., Haneda M., Tubular injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes is prevented by metformin: a possible role of HIF-1 α expression and oxygen metabolism. Diabetes 2011 60 3 981 992 2-s2.0-79952391694 10.2337/db10-0655
22. Katavetin P., Miyata T., Inagi R., Tanaka T., Sassa R., Ingelfinger J. R., Fujita T., Nangaku M., High glucose blunts vascular endothelial growth factor response to hypoxia via the oxidative stress-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor/hypoxia-responsible element pathway. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006 17 5 1405 1413 2-s2.0-33646358954 10.1681/ASN.2005090918 (Pubitemid 43673421)
23. Brownlee M., The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005 54 6 1615 1625 2-s2.0-20044376702 10.2337/diabetes.54. 6.1615 (Pubitemid 40770750)
24. Friederich-Persson M., Thörn E., Hansell P., Nangaku M., Levin M., Palm F., Kidney hypoxia, attributable to increased oxygen consumption, induces nephropathy independently of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Hypertension 2013 62 914 919
25. Imai S.-I., Armstrong C. M., Kaeberlein M., Guarente L., Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase. Nature 2000 403 6771 795 800 2-s2.0-0034677535 10.1038/35001622 (Pubitemid 30111843)
26. Rutanen J., Yaluri N., Modi S., Pihlajamäki J., Vänttinen M., Itkonen P., Kainulainen S., Yamamoto H., Lagouge M., Sinclair D. A., Elliott P., Westphal C., Auwerx J., Laakso M., SIRT1 mRNA expression may be associated with energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2010 59 4 829 835 2-s2.0-77951179501 10.2337/db09-1191
27. Chong Z. Z., Diabetes: implications of a novel point mutation of SIRT1 in T1DM. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2013 9 6 323 324 2-s2.0-84879102146 10.1038/nrendo.2013.87
28. Biason-Lauber A., Böni-Schnetzler M., Hubbard B. P., Bouzakri K., Brunner A., Cavelti-Weder C., Keller C., Meyer-Böni M., Meier D. T., Brorsson C., Timper K., Leibowitz G., Patrignani A., Bruggmann R., Boily G., Zulewski H., Geier A., Cermak J. M., Elliott P., Ellis J. L., Westphal C., Knobel U., Eloranta J. J., Kerr-Conte J., Pattou F., Konrad D., Matter C. M., Fontana A., Rogler G., Schlapbach R., Regairaz C., Carballido J. M., Glaser B., McBurney M. W., Pociot F., Sinclair D. A., Donath M. Y., Identification of a SIRT1 mutation in a family with type 1 diabetes. Cell Metabolism 2013 17 3 448 455 2-s2.0-84875332275 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.02.001
29. Williamson J. R., Chang K., Frangos M., Hasan K. S., Ido Y., Kawamura T., Nyengaard J. R., Van den Enden M., Kilo C., Tilton R. G., Hyperglycemic pseudohypoxia and diabetic complications. Diabetes 1993 42 6 801 813 2-s2.0-0027318772 (Pubitemid 23151571)
30. Semenza G. L., Mechanisms of disease: oxygen sensing, homeostasis, and disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 2011 365 6 537 547 2-s2.0-80051625243 10.1056/NEJMra1011165
31. Yu A. Y., Frid M. G., Shimoda L. A., Wiener C. M., Stenmark K., Semenza G. L., Temporal, spatial, and oxygen-regulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the lung. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 1998 275 4 L818 L826 2-s2.0-0031753986
32. Nguyen M. P., Lee S., Lee Y. M., Epigenetic regulation of hypoxia inducible factor in diseases and therapeutics. Archives of Pharmacal Research 2013 36 3 252 263 2-s2.0-84879556042 10.1007/s12272-013-0058-x
33. Chen S., Sang N., Histone deacetylase inhibitors: the epigenetic therapeutics that repress hypoxia-inducible factors. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 2011 14 2-s2.0-79251576774 10.1155/2011/197946 197946
34. Lim J.-H., Lee Y.-M., Chun Y.-S., Chen J., Kim J.-E., Park J.-W., Sirtuin 1 modulates cellular responses to hypoxia by deacetylating hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Molecular Cell 2010 38 6 864 878 2-s2.0-77955499804
35. Black J. C., Mosley A., Kitada T., Washburn M., Carey M., The SIRT2 deacetylase regulates autoacetylation of p300. Molecular Cell 2008 32 3 449 455 2-s2.0-55049117907 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.018
36. Finley L. W. S., Carracedo A., Lee J., Souza A., Egia A., Zhang J., Teruya-Feldstein J., Moreira P. I., Cardoso S. M., Clish C. B., Pandolfi P. P., Haigis M. C., SIRT3 opposes reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism through HIF1 α destabilization. Cancer Cell 2011 19 3 416 428 2-s2.0-79952501323 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.02.014
37. Zhong L., D'Urso A., Toiber D., Sebastian C., Henry R. E., Vadysirisack D. D., Guimaraes A., Marinelli B., Wikstrom J. D., Nir T., Clish C. B., Vaitheesvaran B., Iliopoulos O., Kurland I., Dor Y., Weissleder R., Shirihai O. S., Ellisen L. W., Espinosa J. M., Mostoslavsky R., The histone deacetylase Sirt6 regulates glucose homeostasis via Hif1 α Cell 2010 140 2 280 293 2-s2.0-74549142287 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.041
38. Hubbi M. E., Hu H., Gilkes D. M., Semenza G. L., Sirtuin-7 inhibits the activity of hypoxia-inducible factors. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013 288 29 20768 20775 2-s2.0-84880558721 10.1074/jbc.M113.476903
39. Sedeek M., Nasrallah R., Touyz R. M., Hébert R. L., NADPH oxidases, reactive oxygen species, and the kidney: friend and foe. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2013 24 1512 1518
40. Diebold I., Petry A., Hess J., Görlach A., The NADPH oxidase subunit NOX4 is a new target gene of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Molecular Biology of the Cell 2010 21 12 2087 2096 2-s2.0-77953518507 10.1091/mbc.E09-12-1003
41. Kozieł R., Pircher H., Kratochwil M., Lener B., Hermann M., Dencher N. A., Jansen-Dürr P., Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex i is inactivated by NADPH oxidase Nox4. Biochemical Journal 2013 452 2 231 239 2-s2.0-84877756855 10.1042/BJ20121778
42. 2 shunting is a structural anti-oxidant defence mechanism of the renal cortex. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2006 33 7 637 641 2-s2.0-33745146471 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04391.x (Pubitemid 43894027)
43. Leong C.-L., Anderson W. P., O'Connor P. M., Evans R. G., Evidence that renal arterial-venous oxygen shunting contributes to dynamic regulation of renal oxygenation. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007 292 6 F1726 F1733 2-s2.0-34447619345 10.1152/ajprenal.00436.2006 (Pubitemid 47105362)
44. 2 and renal oxygen usage in the hypertensive rat kidney. Kidney International 2001 59 1 230 237 2-s2.0-0034747030 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001. 00483.x (Pubitemid 32055230)
45. O'Connor P. M., Evans R. G., Structural antioxidant defense mechanisms in the mammalian and nonmammalian kidney: different solutions to the same problem? American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2010 299 3 R723 R727 2-s2.0-77956672591 10.1152/ajpregu.00364.2010
46. Gardiner B. S., Smith D. W., O'Connor P. M., Evans R. G., A mathematical model of diffusional shunting of oxygen from arteries to veins in the kidney. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2011 300 6 F1339 F1352 2-s2.0-79958098467 10.1152/ajprenal.00544.2010
47. Hammer M., Vilser W., Riemer T., Mandecka A., Schweitzer D., Kühn U., Dawczynski J., Liemt F., Strobel J., Diabetic patients with retinopathy show increased retinal venous oxygen saturation. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2009 247 8 1025 1030 2-s2.0-67651102718 10.1007/s00417-009-1078-6
48. O'Connor P. M., Kett M. M., Anderson W. P., Evans R. G., Renal medullary tissue oxygenation is dependent on both cortical and medullary blood flow. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2006 290 3 F688 F694 2-s2.0-33645556926 10.1152/ajprenal.00275.2005 (Pubitemid 43724971)
49. Mattson D. L., Lu S., Roman R. J., Cowley A. W. Jr., Relationship between renal perfusion pressure and blood flow in different regions of the kidney. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 1993 264 3, part 2 R578 R583 2-s2.0-0027483167 (Pubitemid 23109908)
50. Casellas D., Mimran A., Shunting in renal microvasculature of the rat: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts. Anatomical Record 1981 201 2 237 248 2-s2.0-0019520368 (Pubitemid 11028042)
51. Palm F., Hansell P., Ronquist G., Waldenström A., Liss P., Carlsson P.-O., Polyol-pathway-dependent disturbances in renal medullary metabolism in experimental insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetologia 2004 47 7 1223 1231 2-s2.0-4143078293 (Pubitemid 39093318)
52. Meyer C., Woerle H. J., Dostou J. M., Welle S. L., Gerich J. E., Abnormal renal, hepatic, and muscle glucose metabolism following glucose ingestion in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 287 6 E1049 E1056 2-s2.0-8544226262 10.1152/ajpendo.00041.2004 (Pubitemid 39491945)
53. Min W., Yamanaka N., Three-dimensional analysis of increased vasculature around the glomerular vascular pole in diabetic nephropathy. Virchows Archiv A: Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology 1993 423 3 201 207 2-s2.0-0027379945 (Pubitemid 23309335)
54. Østerby R., Asplund J., Bangstad H.-J., Nyberg G., Rudberg S., Viberti G., Walker J. D., Neovascularization at the vascular pole region in diabetic glomerulopathy. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1999 14 2 348 352 2-s2.0-0032919125 10.1093/ndt/14.2.348 (Pubitemid 29062789)
55. Bell E. T., Renal vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1953 2 5 376 389 2-s2.0-0000606697
56. Semenza G. L., Wang G. L., A nuclear factor induced by hypoxia via de novo protein synthesis binds to the human erythropoietin gene enhancer at a site required for transcriptional activation. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1992 12 12 5447 5454 2-s2.0-0026468180
57. Forsythe J. A., Jiang B.-H., Iyer N. V., Agani F., Leung S. W., Koos R. D., Semenza G. L., Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1996 16 9 4604 4613 2-s2.0-0029761644 (Pubitemid 26272112)
58. Loenarz C., Coleman M. L., Boleininger A., Schierwater B., Holland P. W. H., Ratcliffe P. J., Schofield C. J., The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor pathway regulates oxygen sensing in the simplest animal, Trichoplax adhaerens. EMBO Reports 2011 12 1 63 70 2-s2.0-78650887484 10.1038/embor.2010.170
59. Sun S., Ning X., Zhang Y., Lu Y., Nie Y., Han S., Liu L., Du R., Xia L., He L., Fan D., Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α induces Twist expression in tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia, leading to epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition. Kidney International 2009 75 12 1278 1287 2-s2.0-67349114001 10.1038/ki.2009.62
60. Kimura K., Iwano M., Higgins D. F., Yamaguchi Y., Nakatani K., Harada K., Kubo A., Akai Y., Rankin E. B., Neilson E. G., Haase V. H., Saito Y., Stable expression of HIF-1 α in tubular epithelial cells promotes interstitial fibrosis. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2008 295 4 F1023 F1029 2-s2.0-57049135813 10.1152/ajprenal.90209.2008
61. Wang Z., Zhu Q., Li P. L., Dhaduk R., Zhang F., Gehr T. W., Li N., Silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α gene attenuates chronic ischemic renal injury in two-kidney, one-clip rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2014 306 10 F1236 F1242 10.1152/ajprenal.00673.2013
62. Gobe G. C., Bennett N. C., West M., Colditz P., Brown L., Vesey D. A., Johnson D. W., Increased progression to kidney fibrosis after erythropoietin is used as a treatment for acute kidney injury. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2014 306 F681 F692
63. Bunn H. F., New agents that stimulate erythropoiesis. Blood 2007 109 3 868 873 2-s2.0-33846883294 10.1182/blood-2006-08-019083 (Pubitemid 46220629)
64. 13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging. Kidney International 2013 10.1038/ki.2013.504
65. Zager R. A., Johnson A. C., Becker K., Renal cortical pyruvate depletion during AKI. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2014 25 5 998 1012
66. Gerich J. E., Meyer C., Woerle H. J., Stumvoll M., Renal gluconeogenesis: its importance in human glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Care 2001 24 2 382 391 2-s2.0-0035146344 (Pubitemid 32119142)
67. Meyer C., Stumvoll M., Nadkarni V., Dostou J., Mitrakou A., Gerich J., Abnormal renal and hepatic glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1998 102 3 619 624 2-s2.0-0032146567 (Pubitemid 28376164)
68. Eid A., Bodin S., Ferrier B., Delage H., Boghossian M., Martin M., Baverel G., Conjard A., Intrinsic gluconeogenesis is enhanced in renal proximal tubules of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006 17 2 398 405 2-s2.0-33645453413 10.1681/ASN.2005070742
69. Benarroch E. E., Brain glucose transporters: implications for neurologic disease. Neurology 2014 82 15 1374 1379 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000328
70. Abdelkader A., Ho J., Ow C. P., Eppel G. A., Rajapakse N. W., Schlaich M. P., Evans R. G., Renal oxygenation in acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2014 306 9 F1026 F1038 10.1152/ajprenal.00281.2013