Sample Processing

Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 67-114

  Bridle, Helen ^a   Jacobsson, Karin ^b   Schultz, Anna C ^c  

^a HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Mikrobiologienheten   (Sweden)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Concentration; Isolation; Sample processing; Waterborne pathogens

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904080683     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59543-0.00004-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (96)

1. Millen H.T., Gonnering J.C., Berg R.K., Spencer S.K., Jokela W.E., Pearce J.M., et al. Glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne viruses and agricultural zoonotic pathogens. Journal of Visualized Experiments 2012, 61:3930.
2. Deboosere N., Horm S.V., Pinon A., Gachet J., Coldefy C., Buchy P., et al. Development and validation of a concentration method for the detection of influenza a viruses from large volumes of surface water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:3802-3808.
3. Lambertini E., Spencer S.K., Bertz P.D., Loge F.J., Kieke B.A., Borchardt M.A. Concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses from drinking water by use of glass wool filters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2008, 74:2990-2996.
4. Sano D., Perez-Sautu U., Guix S., Pinto R.M., Miura T., Okabe S., et al. Quantification and genotyping of human sapoviruses in the Llobregat river catchment, Spain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:1111-1114.
5. Upadhyayula V.K., Deng S., Smith G.B., Mitchell M.C. Adsorption of Bacillus subtilis on single-walled carbon nanotube aggregates, activated carbon and NanoCeram. Water Research 2009, 43:148-156.
6. Ikner L.A., Soto-Beltran M., Bright K.R. New method using a positively charged microporous filter and ultrafiltration for concentration of viruses from tap water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:3500-3506.
7. Karim M.R., Rhodes E.R., Brinkman N., Wymer L., Fout G.S. New electropositive filter for concentrating enteroviruses and noroviruses from large volumes of water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75:2393-2399.
8. Polaczyk A.L., Narayanan J., Cromeans T.L., Hahn D., Roberts J.M., Amburgey J.E., et al. Ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100L tap water samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2008, 73:92-99.
9. Smith C.M., Hill V.R. Dead-end hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for recovery of diverse microbes from water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75:5284-5289.
10. Leskinen S.D., Brownell M., Lim D.V., Harwood V.J. Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration and PCR detection of human-associated genetic markers from various types of surface water in Florida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2010, 76:4116-4117.
11. Mull B., Hill V.R. Recovery and detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in surface water, using ultrafiltration and real-time PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75:3593-3597.
12. Jiang J., Alderisio K.A., Singh A., Xiao L. Development of procedures for direct extraction of Cryptosporidium DNA from water concentrates and for relief of PCR inhibitors. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005, 71(3):1135-1141.
13. Pang X.L., Lee B.E., Pabbaraju K., Gabos S., Craik S., Payment P., et al. Pre-analytical and analytical procedures for the detection of enteric viruses and enterovirus in water samples. Journal of Virological Methods 2012, 184:77-83.
14. Allan I.J., Mills G.A., Vrana B., Knutsson J., Holmberg A., Guigues N., et al. Strategic monitoring for the European water Framework Directive. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2006, 25(7).
15. Roig B., Delpla I., Baures E., Jung A.V., Thomas O. Analytical issues in monitoring drinking-water contamination related to short-term, heavy rainfall events. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2011, 30(8):1243-1252.
16. Allan I.J., Vrana B., Greenwood R., Mills G.A., Roig B., Gonzalez C. A toolbox for biological and chemical monitoring requirements for the European Union's Water Framework Directive. Talanta 2006, 69(2):302-322.
17. Kearns E.A., Magana S., Lim D.V. Automated concentration and recovery of micro-organisms from drinking water using dead-end ultrafiltration. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2008, 105:432-442.
18. Leskinen S.D., Kearns E.A., Jones W.L., Miller R.S., Bevitas C.R., Kingsley M.T., et al. Automated dead-end ultrafiltration of large volume water samples to enable detection of low-level targets and reduce sample variability. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2012, 113:351-360.
19. Holowecky P.M., James R.R., Lorch D.P., Straka S.E., Lindquist H.D.A. Evaluation of ultrafiltration cartridges for a water sampling apparatus. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2009, 738-747.
20. Winona L.J., Ommani A.W., Olszewski J., Nuzzo J.B., Oshima K.H. Efficient and predictable recovery of viruses from water by small scale ultrafiltration systems. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 2001, 47:1033-1041.
21. Hill V.R., Polazcyk A.L., Hanh D., Narayanan J., Cromeans T.L., Roberts J.M., et al. Development of a rapid method for simultaneous recovery of diverse microbes in drinking water by ultrafiltration with sodium polyphosphates and surfactants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005, 71:6878-6884.
22. Liu P., Hill V.R., Hahn D., Johnson T.B., Pan Y., Jothikumar N., Moe C.L. Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for simultaneous recovery of viruses, bacteria and parasites from reclaimed water. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2012, 88:155-161.
23. Gibson K.E., Schwab K.J. Tangential-flow ultrafiltration with integrated inhibition detection for recovery of surrogates and human pathogens from large-volume source water and finished drinking water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:385-391.
24. Gibbons C.D., Rodriguez R.A., Tallon L., Sobsey M.D. Evaluation of positively charged alumina nanofibre cartridge filters for the primary concentration of noroviruses, adenoviruses and male-specific coliphages from seawater. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2010, 109:635-641.
25. Tepper F., Kaledin L. Virus and protein separation using nano alumina fiber media 2007, 30-9-0012.
26. Lee H., Kim M., Paik S.Y., Lee C.H., Jheong W.H., Kim J., et al. Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water. Journal of Water and Health 2011, 9:27-36.
27. Li D., Shi H.C., Jiang S.C. Concentration of viruses from environmental waters using nanoalumina fiber filters. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2010, 81:33-38.
28. Green N.G., Ramos A., Gonazalez A., Castellanos A., Morgan H. Electric field induced fluid flow on microelectrodes: the effect of illumination. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2000, 33(2):L13.
29. Gantzer C., Senouci S., Maul A., Levi Y., Schwartzbrod L. Enterovirus genomes in wastewater: concentration on glass wool and glass powder and detection by RT-PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 1997, 65:265-271.
30. Grabow W.O., Taylor M.B., de Villiers J.C. New methods for the detection of viruses: call for review of drinking water quality guidelines. Water Science and Technology 2001, 43:1-8.
31. Vivier J.C., Ehlers M.M., Grabow W.O. Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water. Water Research 2004, 38:2699-2705.
32. van Heerden H.J., Ehlers M.M., Heim A., Grabow W.O. Prevalence, quantification and typing of adenoviruses detected in river and treated drinking water in South Africa. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2005, 99:234-242.
33. Powell K.L., Taylor R.G., Cronin A.A., Barrett M.H., Pedley S., Sellwood J., et al. Microbial contamination of two urban sandstone aquifers in the UK. Water Research 2003, 37:339-352.
34. van Zyl W.B., Williams P.J., Grabow W.O., Taylor M.B. Application of a molecular method for the detection of group A rotaviruses in raw and treated water. Water Science and Technology 2004, 50:223-228.
35. Ehlers M.M., Grabow W.O., Pavlov D.N. Detection of enteroviruses in untreated and treated drinking water supplies in South Africa. Water Research 2005, 39:2253-2258.
36. Hot D., Legeay O., Jacques J., Gantzer C., Caudrelier Y., Guyard K., et al. Detection of somatic phages, infectious enteroviruses and enterovirus genomes as indicators of human enteric viral pollution in surface water. Water Research 2003, 37:4703-4710.
37. Taylor M.B., Cox N., Vrey M.A., Grabow W.O. The occurrence of hepatitis A and astroviruses in selected river and dam waters in South Africa. Water Research 2001, 35:2653-2660.
38. van Heerden H.J., Ehlers M.M., van Zyl W.B., Grabow W.O. Prevalence of human adenoviruses in raw and treated water. Water Science and Technology 2004, 50:39-43.
39. van Zyl W.B., Page N.A., Grabow W.O., Steele A.D., Taylor M.B. Molecular epidemiology of group A rotaviruses in water sources and selected raw vegetables in southern Africa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72:4554-4560.
40. Bosch A., Sánchez G., Abbaszadegan M., Carducci A., Guix S., Le Guyader F., et al. Analytical methods for virus detection in water and food. Food Anal Methods 2011, 4:4-12.
41. Barany S., Szepesszentgyorgyi A. Flocculation of cellular suspensions by polyelectrolytes. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2004, 111:117-129.
42. Ferrari B.C., Stoner K., Bergquist P.L. Applying fluorescence based technology to the recovery and isolation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from industrial wastewater streams. Water Research 2006, 40(3):541-548.
43. Calgua B., Mengewein A., Grunert A., Bofill-Mas S., Clemente-Casares P., Hundesa A., et al. Development and application of a one-step low cost procedure to concentrate viruses from seawater samples. Journal of Virological Methods 2008, 153(2):79-83.
44. Zhang Y., Riley L.K., Lin M., Hu Z. Determination of low-density Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori suspensions in water. Water Research 2012, 46(7):2140-2148.
45. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water by Filtration/IMS/FA 2005, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
46. Buttice A.L., Stroot P.G., Alcantar N.A. Concentration and removal of waterborne bacteria for easy detection. Biophysical Journal 2009, 98(3):408a.
47. Nishi L., Vieira A.M.S., Vieira M.F., Silva G.F., Bergamasco R. Application of hybrid process of coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration for the removal of protozoan parasites from water. Procedia Engineering 2013, 42(0):173-185.
48. Renault F., Sancey B., Badot P.-M., Crini G. Chitosan for coagulation/flocculation processes - an eco-friendly approach. European Polymer Journal 2009, 45:1337-1348.
49. Ghosh M., Pathak S., Ganguli A. Application of a novel biopolymer for removal of Salmonella from poultry waste water. Environmental Technology 2009, 30:337-344.
50. Ghosh M., Pathak S. Application of microbial exopolymers for removal of protozoan parasites from potable water. Research Journal of Biotechnology 2010, 5(1):58-62.
51. Ghosh M., Pathak S., Ganguli A. Effective removal of Cryptosporidium by a novel bioflocculant. Water Environment Research 2009, 81:123-128.
52. Villena I., Aubert D., Gomis O., Ferté H., Inglard J.-C., Denis-Bisiaux H., et al. Evaluation of a strategy for Toxoplasma gondii oocyst detection in water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2004, 70:4035-4039.
53. Shapiro K., Mazet J.A.K., Schriewer A., Wuertz S., Fritz H., Miller W.A., et al. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts and surrogate microspheres in water using ultrafiltration and capsule filtration. Water Research 2010, 44:893-903.
54. Aubert D., Villena I. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water: proposition of a strategy and evaluation in Champagne-Ardenne Region, France. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2009, 290-295. Rio de Janeiro.
55. Izquierdo F., CastroHermida J.A., Fenoy S., Mezo M., González-Warleta M., del Aguila C. Detection of microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater and recreational rivers. Water Research 2011, 45:4837-4843.
56. Simmons O.D., Sobsey M.D., Heaney C.D., Schaefer F.W., Francy D.S. Concentration and detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface water samples by method 1622 using ultrafiltration and capsule filtration. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2001, 6:1123-1127.
57. Hill V.R., Polaczyk A.L., Kahler A.M., Cromeans T.L., Hahn D., Amburgey J.E. Comparison of hollow-fiber ultrafiltration to the USEPA VIRADEL technique and USEPA method 1623. Journal of Environmental Quality 2009, 38(2):822-825.
58. Borchardt M.A., Spencer S.K. Concentration of Cryptosporidium, microsporidia and other water-borne pathogens by continuous separation channel centrifugation. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2002, 92:649-656.
59. Zuckerman U., Tzipoli S. Portable continuous flow centrifugation and method 1623 for monitoring of waterborne protozoa from large volumes of various water matrices. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2006, 100:1220-1227.
60. Das R. Cryptosporidium detection through antibody immobilization on a solid surface 2007, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology.
61. Vesey G., Hutton P., Champion A., Ashbolt N., Williams K.L., Warton A., et al. Application of flow cytometric methods for the routine detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water. Cytometry 1994, 16:1-6.
62. Lindquist H.D., Harris S., Lucas S., Hartzel M., Riner D., Rochele P., et al. Using ultrafiltration to concentrate and detect Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus atrophaeus subspecies globigii, and Cryptosporidium parvum in 100-liter water samples. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2007, 70:484-492.
63. Stine S.W., Vladich F.D., Pepper I.L., Gerba C.P. Development of a method for the concentration and recovery of microsporidia from tap water. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A 2005, 40:913-925.
64. Dowd S.E., David J., Eliopolus J., Gerba C.P., Naranjo J., Klein R., et al. Confirmed detection of Cyclospora cayetanesis, Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum in water used for drinking. Journal of Water and Health 2003, 1:117-123.
65. Francy D.S., Simmons O.D., Ware M.W., Granger E.J., Sobsey M.D., Schaefer F.W. Effects of seeding procedure and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2004, 70:4118-4128.
66. Taghi Kilani R., Sekla L. Purification of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites by cesium chloride and Percoll gradients. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1987, 36:505-508.
67. Entrala E., Molina-Molina J.-M., Rosales-Lombardo M.-J., Sanchez-Morena M., Mascaró-Lazcano C. Cryptosporidium parvum: oocysts purification using potassium bromide discontinuous gradient. Veterinary Parasitology 2000, 92:223-226.
68. Warkiani ME, Chen L, Lou C-P, Liu H-B, Zhang R, Gong H-Q. Capturing and recovering of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with polymeric micro-fabricated filter. Journal of Membrane Science;369(1-2):560-568.
69. Hoffman R.M., Wolk D.M., Spencer S.K., Borchardt M.A. Development of a method for the detection of waterborne microsporidia. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2007, 70:312-318.
70. Dunètre A., Dardé M.-L. Immunomagnetic separation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts using a monoclonal antibody directed against the oocyst wall. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2005, 61:209-217.
71. Hamza I.A., Jurzik L., Überla K., Wilhelm M. Methods to detect infectious human enteric viruses in environmental water samples. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2012, 214:426-436.
72. Ramadan Q., Christophe L., Teo W., ShuJun L., Hua F.H. Flow-through immunomagnetic separation system for waterborne pathogen isolation and detection: application to Giardia and Cryptosporidium cell isolation. Analytica Chimica Acta 2010, 673(1):101-108.
73. Atha D.H., Ingham K.C. Mechanism of precipitation of proteins by polyethylene glycols. Analysis in terms of excluded volume. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1981, 256:12108-12117.
74. Lee J.C., Lee L.L. Preferential solvent interactions between proteins and polyethylene glycols. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1981, 256:625-631.
75. Hata A., Katayama H., Kitajima M., Visvanathan C., Nol C., Furumai H. Validation of internal controls for extraction and amplification of nucleic acids from enteric viruses in water samples. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011, 77:4336-4343.
76. Fout G.S., Martinson B.C., Moyer M.W., Dahling D.R. A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human enteric viruses in groundwater. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2003, 69:3158-3164.
77. Bronson D.L., Elliott A.Y., Ritzi D. Concentration of Rous sarcoma virus from tissue culture fluids with polyethylene glycol. Applied Microbiology 1975, 30:464-471.
78. Boom R., Sol C.J., Salimans M.M., Jansen C.L., Wertheim-van Dillen P.M., van der Noordaa J. Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1990, 28:495-503.
79. Wilson I.G. Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1997, 63:3741-3751.
80. Anceno J.A., Katayama H., Houpt E.R., Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmir P., Chuluun B., Shipi O.V. IMS-free DNA extraction for the PCR-based quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in surface and waster water. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 2007, 17:297-310.
81. Francy D.S., Bushon R.N., Brady A.M.G., et al. Comparison of traditional and molecular analytical methods for detecting biological agents in raw and drinking water following ultrafiltration. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2009, 107:1479-1491.
82. Dineen S.M., Aranda I.V.R., Anders D.L., Robertson J.M. An evaluation of commercial DNA extraction kits for the isolation of bacterial spore DNA from soil. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2010, 109:1886-1896.
83. Gutierrez-Aguirre I., Banjac M., Steyer A., et al. Concentrating rotaviruses from water samples using monolithic chromatographic supports. Journal of Chromatography A 2009, 1216:2700-2704.
84. Dreier J., Stormer M., Kleesiek K. Use of bacteriophage MS2 as an internal control in viral reverse transcription-PCR assays. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2005, 43:4551-4557.
85. Lees D. CEN/WG6/TAG4. International standardisation of a method for detection of human pathogenic viruses in Molluscan shellfish. Food and Environmental Virology 2010, 2:146-155.
86. D'Agostino M., Cook N., Rodriguez-Lazaro D., Rutjes S. Nucleic acid amplification-based methods for detection of enteric viruses: definition of controls and interpretation of results. Food and Environmental Virology 2011, 2:55-60.
87. Lowther J.A., Avant J.M., Gizynski K., Rangdale R.E., Lees D.N. Comparison between quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR results for norovirus in oysters and self-reported gastroenteric illness in restaurant customers. Journal of Food Protection 2010, 73:305-311.
88. Costafreda M.I., Bosch A., Pinto R.M. Development, evaluation, and standardization of a real-time TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assay for quantification of hepatitis A virus in clinical and shellfish samples. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72:3846-3855.
89. Greening G.E., Hewitt J. Norovirus detection in shellfish using a rapid, sensitive virus recovery and real-time RT-PCR detection protocol. Food Analytical Methods 2008, 1:109-118.
90. Roussel Y., Wilks M., Harris A., Mein C., Tabaqchali S. Evaluation of DNA extraction methods from mouse stomachs for the quantification of H. pylori by real-time PCR. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2005, 62:71-81.
91. Alaeddini R. Forensic implications of PCR inhibition: a review. Forensic Science International Genetics 2012, 6:297-305.
92. Le Guyader F.S., Parnaudeau S., Schaeffer J., et al. Detection and quantification of noroviruses in shellfish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75:618-624.
93. Gilgen M., Germann D., Luthy J., Hubner Ph. Three-step isolation method for sensitive detection of enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus and small round structured viruses in water samples. International Journal of Food Microbiology 1997, 37:189-199.
94. SMI rapport: Swedish institute for communicable disease control, Cryptosporidium i Östersund; 2011.
95. Komenlic R. Water Filtration Media: Talking about a revolution. Filtration and Separation 2007, 44(5):26-29.
96. Bolot B., Gregory J. Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment. Water Research 2007, 41(11):2301-2324.