HRS/ACC/AHA expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials

Circulation

Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 94-125

  Kusumoto, Fred M ^a   Calkins, Hugh ^b   Boehmer, John ^c   Buxton, Alfred E ^d   Chung, Mina K ^e   Gold, Michael R ^f   Hohnloser, Stefan H ^g   Indik, Julia ^h   Lee, Richard ⁱ   Mehra, Mandeep R ^j   Menon, Venu ^e   Page, Richard L ^k   Shen, Win Kuang ^l   Slotwiner, David J ^m   Stevenson, Lynne Warner ^j   Varosy, Paul D ⁿ   Welikovitch, Lisa ^o  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c PENN STATE MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^f MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^g GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^h UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

ⁱ SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^l MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^m DONALD AND BARBARA ZUCKER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT HOFSTRA NORTHWELL   (United States)

ⁿ VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

more..

Author keywords

AHA Scientific Statements; Heart failure; Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy; Sudden cardiac death

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; TROPONIN;

ARTICLE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HUMAN; IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR; ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVASCULARIZATION; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH;

AHA SCIENTIFIC STATEMENTS; HEART FAILURE; IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR THERAPY; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOMYOPATHIES; CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEFIBRILLATORS, IMPLANTABLE; ELECTRIC COUNTERSHOCK; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE; HEART ARREST; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MULTICENTER STUDIES AS TOPIC; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION; PATIENT SELECTION; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK; SYNCOPE; TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TROPONIN; VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION;

EID: 84903744660     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: 15244539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000056     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. for the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) Investigators. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:225-237. (Pubitemid 40110811)
2. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML, for the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877-883. (Pubitemid 34984635)
3. Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators. A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1576-1583.
4. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJV, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WHW, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians, Heart Rhythm Society and International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation. 2013;128:e240-e327.
5. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;117:2820-2840. (Pubitemid 351770463)
6. Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, Buxton AE, Chaitman B, Fromer M, Gregoratos G, Klein G, Moss AJ, Myerburg RJ, Priori SG, Quinones MA, Roden DM, Silka MJ, Tracy C. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death - executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006;114:1088-1132. (Pubitemid 44375798)
7. O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey Jr DE, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, Ettinger SM, Fang JC, Fesmire FM, Franklin BA, Granger CB, Krumholz HM, Linderbaum JA, Morrow DA, Newby LK, Ornato JP, Ou N, Radford MJ, Tamis-Holland JE, Tommaso CL, Tracy CM, Woo YJ, Zhao DX. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation. 2013;127:e362-e425.
8. Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, DiMarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NAM 3rd, Ferguson TB Jr, Hammill SC, Karasik PE, Link MS, Marine JE, Schoenfeld MH, Shanker AJ, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Stevenson WG, Varosy PD. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Heart Failure Society of America, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012;126:1784-1800.
9. Russo AM, Stainback RF, Bailey SR, Epstein AE, Heidenreich PA, Jessup M, Kapa S, Kremers MS, Lindsay BD, Stevenson LW. ACCF/HRS/AHA/ ASE/HFSA/SCAI/SCCT/ SCMR 2013 appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Failure Society of America, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1318-1368.
10. Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Hafley G. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999 Dec 16;341:1882-1890.
11. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Klein H, Levine JH, Saksena S, Waldo AL, Wilber D, Brown MW, Heo M. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1933-1940. (Pubitemid 26428217)
12. Bigger JT, Jr. Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1569-1575.
13. Kong MH, Al-Khatib SM, Sanders GD, Hasselblad V, Peterson ED. Use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention in older patients: a systemic literature review and meta-analysis. Cardiol J. 2011;18:503-514.
14. Hohnloser SH, Kuck KH, Dorian P, Roberts RS, Hampton JR, Hatala R, Fain E, Gent M, Connolly SJ, for the DINAMIT Investigators. Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2481-2488. (Pubitemid 39603155)
15. Steinbeck G, Andresen D, Seidl K, et al. for the IRIS Investigators. Defibrillator implantation early after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1427-1436.
16. Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, et al. for the Defibrillators in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation (DEFINITE) Investigators. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2151-2158. (Pubitemid 38637995)
17. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; the Writing Group on behalf of the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2012;126:2020-2035.
18. Newby LK, Jesse RL, Babb JD, et al. ACC 2012 expert consensus document on practical clinical considerations in the interpretation of troponin elevations: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2427-2463.
19. Zipes DP, Wellens HJ. Sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 1998;98:2334-2351. (Pubitemid 28533855)
20. Solomon SD, Zelenkofske S, McMurray JJ, et al. for the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) Investigators. Sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2581-2588. (Pubitemid 41007844)
21. Dorian P, Hohnloser SH, Thorpe KE, Roberts RS, Kuck KH, Gent M, Connolly SJ. Mechanisms underlying the lack of effect of implantable cardioverter- defibrillator therapy on mortality in high-risk patients with recent myocardial infarction: insights from the Defibrillation in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (DINAMIT). Circulation. 2010;122:2645-2652.
22. Pouleur AC, Barkoudah E, Uno H, et al. for the VALIANT Investigators. Pathogenesis of sudden unexpected death in a clinical trial of patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both. Circulation. 2010;122:597-602.
23. Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Zareba W, Andrews ML, Cannom DS, for the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II Investigators. Causes and consequences of heart failure after prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II. Circulation. 2006;113:2810-2817.
24. Bunch TJ, May HT, Bair TL, et al. Trends in early and late mortality in patients undergoing coronary catheterization for myocardial infarction: implications on observation periods and risk factors to determine ICD candidacy. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8:1460-1466.
25. Volpi A, Cavalli A, Santoro L, Negri E. Incidence and prognosis of early primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI-2) database. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:265-271.
26. Newby KH, Thompson T, Stebbins A, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Natale A. Sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy: incidence and outcomes. The GUSTO Investigators. Circulation. 1998;98:2567-2573.
27. Mehta RH, Starr AZ, Lopes RD, Hochman JS, Widimsky P, Pieper KS, Armstrong PW, Granger CB, for the APEX AMI Investigators. Incidence of and outcomes associated with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA. 2009;301:1779-1789.
28. Mehta RH, Harjai KJ, Grines L, Stone GW, Boura J, Cox D, O'Neill W, Grines CL. Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) Investigators. Sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory among patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1765-1772. (Pubitemid 38622512)
29. The PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:436-443.
30. Piccini JP, White JA, Mehta RH, et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation complicating non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2012;126:41-49.
31. Ye S, Grunnert M, Thune JJ, Stephenson KM, Uno H, Finn PV, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Califf R, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Circumstances and outcomes of sudden unexpected death in patients with high-risk myocardial infarction: implications for prevention. Circulation. 2011;123:2674-2680.
32. Aliot EM, Stevenson WG, Almendral-Garrote JM, et al. for the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); Registered Branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); American College of Cardiology (ACC); American Heart Association (AHA). EHRA/HRS expert consensus on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias: developed in a partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:886-933.
33. Connolly SJ, Gent M, Roberts RS, Dorian P, Roy D, Sheldon RS, Mitchell LB, Green MS, Klein GJ, O'Brien B. Canadian implantable defibrillator study (CIDS): a randomized trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone. Circulation. 2000;101:1297-1302. (Pubitemid 30158618)
34. Kumar S, Sivagangaban G, Zaman S, West EB, Narayan A, Thiagalingam A, Kovoor P. Electrophysiology-guided defibrillator implantation early after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1589-1597.
35. Van Welsenes GH, Van Rees JB, Thijssen J, Trines SA, Van Erven L, Schalij MJ, Borleffs CJ. Primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients: the need for defibrillator back-up after an event-free first battery service-life. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:1346-1350.
36. Da Rosa MR, Sapp JL, Howlett JG, Falkenham A, Légaré JF. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:1336-1339. (Pubitemid 350258719)
37. Sandner SE, Wieselthaler G, Zuckermann A, Taghavi S, Schmidinger H, Pacher R, Ploner M, Laufer G, Wolner E, Grimm M. Survival benefit of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients on the waiting list for cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 2001;104(12 Suppl 1):I171-I176. (Pubitemid 32884798)
38. Ermis C, Zadeii G, Zhu AX, Fabian W, Collins J, Lurie KG, Sakaguchi S, Benditt DG. Improved survival of cardiac transplantation candidates with implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: role of beta-blocker or amiodarone treatment. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14:578-583. (Pubitemid 36724381)
39. Sweeney MO, Ruskin JN, Garan H, McGovern BA, Guy ML, Torchiana DF, Vlahakes GJ, Newell JB, Semigran MJ, Dec GW. Influence of the implantable cardioverter/defibrillator on sudden death and total mortality in patients evaluated for cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 1995;92:3273-3281.
40. Garan AR, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Morrow JP, Te-Frey R, Dano D, Takayama H, Naka Y, Garan H, Jorde UP, Uriel N. Ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: need for primary prevention? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:2542-2550.
41. Enriquez AD, Calenda B, Miller MA, Anyanwu AC, Pinney SP. The role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6:668-674.
42. Chung MK, Szymkiewicz SJ, Shao M, Zishiri E, Niebauer MJ, Lindsay BD, Tchou PJ. Aggregate national experience with the wearable cardioverter- defibrillator: event rates, compliance, and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:194-203.
43. Pires LA, Hafley GE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Buxton AE. for the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. Prognostic significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia identified postoperatively after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13:757-763. (Pubitemid 34921133)
44. Barsheshet A, Goldenberg I, Narins CR, Moss AJ, McNitt S, Wang PJ, Huang DT, Hall WJ, Zareba W, Eldar M, Guetta V. Time dependence of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary revascularization in MADIT-CRT. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1421-1427.
45. Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, McNitt S, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Andrews ML, Wilber DJ, Klein HU. Time dependence of defibrillator benefit after coronary revascularization in the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial (MADIT)-II. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1811-1817.
46. Barsheshet A, Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Huang DT, Zareba W, McNitt S, Klein HU, Guetta V. Effect of elapsed time from coronary revascularization to implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator on long-term survival in the MADIT-II trial. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:1237-1242.
47. Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp AS, Lee KL, Anderson J, Poole JE, Mark DB, Bardy GH. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with prior coronary revascularization in the sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial (SCD-HeFT). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19:1059-1065.
48. Al-Dadah AS, Voeller RK, Rahgozar P, Lawton JS, Moon MR, Pasque MK, Damiano RJ, Jr, Moazami N. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators improve survival after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severely impaired left ventricular function. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;2:6.
49. Bigger JT, Jr, Whang W, Rottman JN, Kleiger RE, Gottlieb CD, Namerow PB, Steinman RC, Estes NA, 3rd. Mechanisms of death in the CABG Patch trial: a randomized trial of implantable cardiac defibrillator prophylaxis in patients at high risk of death after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation. 1999;99:1416-1421. (Pubitemid 29140905)
50. Jung F, Herre JM, Wood MA, O'Donoghue S, Cannom DS, Windle JR, Hilbel T, Talreja DR, Parides MF, Bigger JT, Jr, DiMarco JP, for the CABG Patch Investigators. Influence of wall motion score on mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery in the CABG-patch trial. Int J Cardiol. 2002;82:41-47. (Pubitemid 34084915)
51. Gheorghiade M, Flaherty JD, Fonarow GC, Desai RV, Lee R, McGiffin D, Love TE, Aban I, Eichhorn EJ, Bonow RO, Ahmed A. Coronary artery disease, coronary revascularization, and outcomes in chronic advanced systolic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2011;151:69-75.
52. Weintraub WS, Grau-Sepulveda MV, Weiss JM, et al. Prediction of long-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in older adults: results from the national cardiovascular data registry. Circulation. 2012;125:1501-1510.
53. Shahian DM, O'Brien SM, Sheng S, et al. Predictors of long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: results from the society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery database (the ASCERT study). Circulation. 2012;125:1491-1500.
54. Nageh MF, Kim JJ, Chung J, Yao JF. The role of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in high-risk CABG patients identified early post-cardiac surgery. Europace. 2011;13:70-76.
55. Mittal S, Lomnitz DJ, Mirchandani S, Stein KM, Markowitz SM, Slotwiner DJ, Iwai S, Das MK, Lerman BB. Prognostic significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after revascularization. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13:342-346. (Pubitemid 34407598)
56. Bolad I, MacLellan C, Karanam S, Parrella F, Michaud G, D'Agostino R, Shahian D, John R, Martin D. Effectiveness of early implantation of cardioverter defibrillator for postoperative ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:376-378. (Pubitemid 38962712)
57. John JM, Hussein A, Imran N, Durham SJ, Grubb BP, Kanjwal Y. Underutilization of implantable cardioverter defibrillators post coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with systolic dysfunction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2010;33:727-733.
58. Zishiri ET, Williams S, Cronin EM, Blackstone EH, Ellis SG, Roselli EE, Smedira NG, Gillinov AM, Glad JA, Tchou PJ, Szymkiewicz SJ, Chung MK. Early risk of mortality after coronary artery revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and potential role of the wearable cardioverter defibrillator. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6:117-128.
59. Rizzello V, Poldermans D, Biagini E, Schinkel AF, Boersma E, Boccanelli A, Marwick T, Roelandt JR, Bax JJ. Prognosis of patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy after coronary revascularization: relation to viability and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction. Heart. 2009;95:1273-1277.
60. Allman KC, Shaw LJ, Hachamovitch R, Udelson JE. Myocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1151-1158. (Pubitemid 34267418)
61. Chatterjee K. Is detection of hibernating myocardium necessary in deciding revascularization in systolic heart failure? Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:236-242.
62. Bonow RO, Maurer G, Lee KL, et al. Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1617-1625.
63. Alexandre J, Saloux E, Dugue AE, Lebon A, Lemaitre A, Roule V, Labombarda F, Provost N, Gomes S, Scanu P, Milliez P. Scar extent evaluated by late gadolinium enhancement CMR: a powerful predictor of long term appropriate ICD therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15:12.
64. Roes SD, Borleffs CJ, van der Geest RJ, Westenberg JJ, Marsan NA, Kaandorp TA, Reiber JH, Zeppenfeld K, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ. Infarct tissue heterogeneity assessed with contrast-enhanced MRI predicts spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:183-190.
65. de Haan S, Meijers TA, Knaapen P, Beek AM, van Rossum AC, Allaart CP. Scar size and characteristics assessed by CMR predict ventricular arrhythmias in ischaemic cardiomyopathy: comparison of previously validated models. Heart. 2011;97:1951-1956.
66. Gao P, Yee R, Gula L, et al. Prediction of arrhythmic events in ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy patients referred for implantable cardiac defibrillator: evaluation of multiple scar quantification measures for late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:448-456.
67. Scott PA, Morgan JM, Carroll N, Murday DC, Roberts PR, Peebles CR, Harden SP, Curzen NP. The extent of left ventricular scar quantified by late gadolinium enhancement MRI is associated with spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2011;4:324-330.
68. Wyse DG, Friedman PL, Brodsky MA, Beckman KJ, Carlson MD, Curtis AB, Hallstrom AP, Raitt MH, Wilkoff BL, Greene HL, for the AVID Investigators. Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias due to transient or correctable causes: high risk for death in follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1718-1724. (Pubitemid 33065460)
69. Cook JR, Rizo-Patron C, Curtis AB, Gillis AM, Bigger JT, Kutalek SP, Coromilas J, Hofer BI, Powell J, Hallstrom AP, for the AVID Investigators. Effect of surgical revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) registry. Am Heart J. 2002;143:821-826. (Pubitemid 34595339)
70. Ngaage DL, Cale AR, Cowen ME, Griffin S, Guvendik L. Early and late survival after surgical revascularization for ischemic ventricular fibrillation/ tachycardia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:1278-1281. (Pubitemid 351381680)
71. Daoud EG, Niebauer M, Kou WH, Man KC, Horwood L, Morady F, Strickberger SA. Incidence of implantable defibrillator discharges after coronary revascularization in survivors of ischemic sudden cardiac death. Am Heart J. 1995;130:277-280.
72. Telfer EA, Mecca A, Martini M, Olshansky B. Implantable defibrillator use for de novo ventricular tachyarrhythmias encountered after cardiac surgery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:951-956. (Pubitemid 34761701)
73. Natale A, Sra J, Axtell K, Maglio C, Dhala A, Blanck Z, Deshpande S, Jazayeri M, Akhtar M. Ventricular fibrillation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with critical coronary artery stenosis: does bypass surgery suffice? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1994;5:988-994.
74. Kelly P, Ruskin JN, Vlahakes GJ, Buckley MJ, Jr, Freeman CS, Garan H. Surgical coronary revascularization in survivors of prehospital cardiac arrest: its effect on inducible ventricular arrhythmias and long-term survival. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:267-273. (Pubitemid 20067477)
75. Merin O, Ilan M, Oren A, Fink D, Deeb M, Bitran D, Silberman S. Permanent pacemaker implantation following cardiac surgery: indications and long-term follow-up. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2009;32:7-12.
76. Goldman BS, Hill TJ, Weisel RD, Scully HE, Mickleborough LL, Pym J, Baird RJ. Permanent cardiac pacing after open-heart surgery: acquired heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1984;7:367-371. (Pubitemid 14091130)
77. Ashida Y, Ohgi S, Kuroda H, Ishiguro S, Hamasaki T, Miyasaka S, Ono K. Permanent cardiac pacing following surgery for acquired valvular disease. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;6:161-166.
78. Zakhia Doueihi R, Leloux MF, De Roy L, Kremer R. Permanent cardiac pacing for prolonged second and third degree atrioventricular block complicating cardiac valve replacement. Acta Cardiol. 1992;47:157-166.
79. Koplan BA, Stevenson WG, Epstein LM, Aranki SF, Maisel WH. Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:795-801. (Pubitemid 36308388)
80. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1845-1853. (Pubitemid 34603028)
81. Cazeau S, Leclercq C, Lavergne T, Walker S, Varma C, Linde C, Garrigue S, Kappenberger L, Haywood GA, Santini M, Bailleul C, Daubert JC. Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:873-880. (Pubitemid 32224395)
82. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, DiCarlo L, DeMets D, White BG, DeVries DW, Feldman AM, for the COMPANION Investigators. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2140-2150.
83. Cleland JGF, Daubert J, Erdmann E, et al. for the CARE-HF Investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1539-1549. (Pubitemid 40517094)
84. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1329-1338.
85. Tang ASL, Wells GA, Talajic M, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2385-2395.
86. Poole JE, Gleva MJ, Mela T, et al. Complication rates associated with pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements and upgrade procedures: results from the replace registry. Circulation. 2010;122:1553-1561.
87. Gillis AM, Russo AM, Ellenbogen KA, Swerdlow CD, Olshansky B, Al-Khatib SM, Beshai JF, McComb JM, Nielsen JC, Philpott JM, Shen WK, for the Heart Rhythm Society; American College of Cardiology Foundation. HRS/ACC expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. Developed in partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACC) and in collaboration with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:1344-1365.
88. Kuck KH, Cappato R, Siebels J, Ruppel R. Randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). Circulation. 2000;102:748-754. (Pubitemid 30648765)
89. Catanzaro JN, Makaryus AN, Sison C, Vavasis C, Donaldson D, Beldner S, Boal B, Jadonath R. Clinical predictors of appropriate implantable- cardioverter defibrillator discharge. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30(Suppl 1)S120-S124. (Pubitemid 46121824)
90. Cantillon DJ, Tarakji KG, Kumbhani DJ, Smedira NG, Starling RC, Wilkoff BL. Improved survival among ventricular assist device recipients with a concomitant implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:466-471.
91. Refaat MM, Tanaka T, Kormos RL, McNamara D, Teuteberg J, Winowich S, London B, Simon MA. Survival benefit of implantable cardioverter- defibrillators in left ventricular assist device-supported heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2012;18:140-145.
92. Ziv O, Dizon J, Thosani A, Naka Y, Magnano AR, Garan H. Effects of left ventricular assist device therapy on ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1428-1434. (Pubitemid 40615614)
93. Refaat M, Chemaly E, Lebeche D, Gwathmey JK, Hajjar RJ. Ventricular arrhythmias after left ventricular assist device implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31:1246-1252.
94. Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, Middlekauff HR, Saxon LA. Sudden death prevention in patients with advanced ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 1993;88:2953-2961. (Pubitemid 23360223)
95. McNamara DM, Starling RC, Cooper LT, Boehmer JP, Mather PJ, Janosko KM, Gorcsan J, 3rd, Kip KE, Dec GW, for the IMAC Investigators. Clinical and demographic predictors of outcomes in recent onset dilated cardiomyopathy: results of the IMAC (Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy)-2 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1112-1118.
96. Grimm W, Christ M, Bach J, Müller HH, Maisch B. Noninvasive arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: results of the Marburg Cardiomyopathy Study. Circulation. 2003108:2883-2891.
97. Grimm W, Christ M, Maisch B. Long runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram predict major arrhythmic events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(Suppl 1):S207-S210. (Pubitemid 40171117)
98. Bänsch D, Antz M, Boczor S, Volkmer M, Tebbenjohanns J, Seidl K, Block M, Gietzen F, Berger J, Kuck KH. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Cardiomyopathy Trial (CAT). Circulation. 2002;105:1453-1458. (Pubitemid 34263277)
99. Strickberger SA, Hummel JD, Bartlett TG, Frumin HI, Schuger CD, Beau SL, Bitar C, Morady F, for the AMIOVIRT Investigators. Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: randomized trial in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia - AMIOVIRT. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1707-1712. (Pubitemid 36584239)
100. Kadish A, Schaechter A, Subacius H, Thattassery E, Sanders W, Anderson KP, Dyer A, Goldberger J, Levine J. Patients with recently diagnosed nonischemic cardiomyopathy benefit from implantable cardioverter- defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2477-2482. (Pubitemid 43884774)
101. Makati KJ, Fish AE, England HH, Tighiouart H, EstesNA, 3rd, Link MS. Equivalent arrhythmic risk in patients recently diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy compared with patients diagnosed for 9 months or more. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:397-403.
102. Sheppard R, Mather PJ, Alexis JD, Starling RC, Boehmer JP, Thohan V, Pauly DF, Markham DW, Zucker M, Kip KE, McNamara DM, for the IMAC Investigators. Implantable cardiac defibrillators and sudden death in recent onset nonischemic cardiomyopathy: results from IMAC2. J Card Fail. 2012;18:675-681.
103. Zecchin M, Merlo M, Pivetta A, Barbati G, Lutman C, Gregori D, Serdoz LV, Bardari S, Magnani S, Di Lenarda A, Proclemer A, Sinagra G. How can optimization of medical treatment avoid unnecessary implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantations in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy presenting with "SCD-HeFT criteria?". Am J Cardiol. 2012;109:729-735.
104. Schliamser JE, Kadish AH, Subacius H, Shalaby A, Schaechter A, Levine J, Goldberger JJ, for the DEFINITE Investigators. Significance of follow-up left ventricular ejection fraction measurements in the Defibrillators in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation (DEFINITE) trial. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:838-846.
105. Gulati A, Jabbour A, Ismail TF, et al. Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2013;309:896-908.
106. Ackerman MJ, Priori SG, Willems S, et al. HRS/EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies: this document was developed as a partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Heart Rhythm. 2011;8:1308-1339.
107. Groh WJ. Arrhythmias in the muscular dystrophies. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:1890-1895.
108. Bhakta D, Shen C, Kron J, Epstein AE, Pascuzzi RM, Groh WJ. Pacemaker and
109. Meune C, Van Berlo JH, Anselme F, Bonne G, Pinto YM, Duboc D. Primary prevention of sudden death in patients with lamin A/C gene mutations. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:209-210. (Pubitemid 43076737)
110. Brauch KM, Karst ML, Herron KJ, de Andrade M, Pellikka PA, Rodeheffer RJ, Michels VV, Olson TM. Mutations in ribonucleic acid binding protein gene cause familial dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:930-941.
111. Chiu CZ, Nakatani S, Zhang G, et al. Prevention of left ventricular remodeling by long-term corticosteroid therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:143-146. (Pubitemid 40051133)
112. Yazaki Y, Isobe M, Hiramitsu S, et al. Comparison of clinical features and prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:537-540. (Pubitemid 28389961)
113. Van Rijsingen IA, Arbustini E, Elliott PM, et al. Risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in lamin a/c mutation carriers: a European cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:493-500.
114. Kandolin R, Lehtonen J, Kupari M. Cardiac sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis as causes of atrioventricular block in young and middleaged adults. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2011;4:303-309.
115. Meyer C, Schueller P, Rodenbeck A, Hennersdorf M, Merx M, Winter J, Rassaf T, Kelm M, Schauerte P. Primary and secondary prevention of ventricular arrhythmias in dilated cardiomyopathy: nonsustained, sustained, and incessant. Int Heart J. 2009;50:741-751.
116. Middlekauff HR, Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, Saxon LA. Syncope in advanced heart failure: high risk of sudden death regardless of origin of syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:110-116. (Pubitemid 23031303)
117. Phang RS, Kang D, Tighiourt H, Estes NAM, Link MS. High Risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy presenting with syncope. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:416-420. (Pubitemid 43133062)
118. Raasch H, Jensen BC, Chang PP, Mounsey JP, Gehi AK, Chung EH, Sheridan BC, Bowen A, Katz JN. Epidemiology, management, and outcomes of sustained ventricular arrhythmias after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation. Am Heart J. 2012;164:373-378.
119. Boehmer JP, Starling RC, Cooper LT, Torre-Amione G, Wittstein I, Dec GW, Markham DW, Zucker MJ, GorcsanJ, 3rd, McTiernan C, Kip K, McNamara DM. IMAC Investigators. Left ventricular assist device support and myocardial recovery in recent onset cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail. 2012;18:755-761.
120. Gregoratos G, Abrams J, Epstein AE, Freedman RA, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Kerber RE, Naccarelli GV, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Winters SL. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines). Circulation. 2002;106:2145-2161. (Pubitemid 35192824)
121. Matlock DD, Peterson PN, Wang Y, Curtis JP, Reynolds MR, Varosy PD, Masoudi FA. Variation in use of dual-chamber implantable cardioverterdefibrillators: results from the national cardiovascular data registry. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:634-641; (discussion 641).
122. Berenbom LD, Weiford BC, Vacek JL, Emert MP, Hall WJ, Andrews ML, McNitt S, Zareba W, Moss AJ. Differences in outcomes between patients treated with single- versus dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a substudy of the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II. Ann Noninvas Electrocardiol. 2005;10:429-435. (Pubitemid 43942702)
123. Dewland TA, Pellegrini CN, Wang Y, Marcus GM, Keung E, Varosy PD. Dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator selection is associated with increased complication rates and mortality among patients enrolled in the NCDR implantable cardioverter-defibrillator registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1007-1013.
124. Almendral J, Arribas F, Wolpert C, Ricci R, Adragao P, Cobo E, Navarro X, Quesada A, Committee DS, Committee DW, for DATAS Investigators. Dual-chamber defibrillators reduce clinically significant adverse events compared with single-chamber devices: results from the DATAS (Dual-chamber and Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Adverse Events Study) trial. Europace. 2008;10:528-535.
125. Dorian P, Philippon F, Thibault B, Kimber S, Sterns L, Greene M, Newman D, Gelaznikas R, Barr A, for ASTRID Investigators. Randomized controlled study of detection enhancements versus rate-only detection to prevent inappropriate therapy in a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1:540-547.
126. Deisenhofer I, Kolb C, Ndrepepa G, Schreieck J, Karch M, Schmieder S, Zrenner B, Schmitt C. Do current dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillators have advantages over conventional single-chamber cardioverter defibrillators in reducing inappropriate therapies? A randomized, prospective study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12:134-142. (Pubitemid 32171500)
127. Friedman PA, McClelland RL, Bamlet WR, et al. Dual-chamber versus single-chamber detection enhancements for implantable defibrillator rhythm diagnosis: the detect supraventricular tachycardia study. Circulation. 2006;113:2871-2879. (Pubitemid 44297227)
128. Theuns DA, Klootwijk AP, Goedhart DM, Jordaens LJ. Prevention of inappropriate therapy in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results of a prospective, randomized study of tachyarrhythmia detection algorithms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2362-2367. (Pubitemid 39647611)
129. Goldberger Z, Elbel B, McPherson CA, Paltiel AD, Lampert R. Cost advantage of dual-chamber versus single-chamber cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:850-857. (Pubitemid 41224810)
130. Lee DS, Krahn AD, Healey JS, et al. for the Investigators of the Ontario ICDD. Evaluation of early complications related to de novo cardioverter defibrillator implantation insights from the Ontario ICD database. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:774-782.
131. Cheng A, Wang Y, Curtis JP, Varosy PD. Acute lead dislodgements and in-hospital mortality in patients enrolled in the national cardiovascular data registry implantable cardioverter defibrillator registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1651-1656.
132. Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, Greene HL, Hallstrom AP, Hsia H, Kutalek SP, Sharma A, Dual C, for the Investigators VVIIDT. Dualchamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual-chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial. JAMA. 2002;288:3115-3123. (Pubitemid 36014128)
133. Kutalek SP, Sharma AD, McWilliams MJ, Wilkoff BL, Leonen A, Hallstrom AP, Kudenchuk PJ, for the DAVID Investigators. Effect of pacing for soft indications on mortality and heart failure in the Dualchamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31:828-837.
134. Olshansky B, Day JD, Moore S, Gering L, Rosenbaum M, McGuire M, Brown S, Lerew DR. Is dual-chamber programming inferior to singlechamber programming in an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator? Results of the INTRINSIC RV (Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing with AVSH in ICDs) study. Circulation. 2007;115:9-16. (Pubitemid 46058606)
135. Wilkoff BL, Williamson BD, Stern RS, Moore SL, Lu F, Lee SW, Birgersdotter-Green UM, Wathen MS, Van Gelder IC, Heubner BM, Brown ML, Holloman KK for the PREPARE Study Investigators. Strategic programming of detection and therapy parameters in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators reduces shocks in primary prevention patients: results from the PREPARE (Primary Prevention Parameters Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:541-550.
136. Gold MR, Theuns DA, Knight BP, Sturdivant JL, Sanghera R, Ellenbogen KA, Wood MA, Burke MC. Head-to-head comparison of arrhythmia discrimination performance of subcutaneous and transvenous ICD arrhythmia detection algorithms: the START study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23:359-366.
137. Moss AJ, Schuger C, Beck CA, et al. for the MADIT-RIT Trial Investigators. Reduction in inappropriate therapy and mortality through ICD programming. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2275-2283.
138. Gasparini M, Proclemer A, Klersy C, Kloppe A, Lunati M, Ferrer JB, Hersi A, Gulaj M, Wijfels MC, Santi E, Manotta L, Arenal A. Effect of long-detection interval vs. standard-detection interval for implantable cardioverter- defibrillators on antitachycardia pacing and shock delivery: the ADVANCE III randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309:1903-1911.
139. Sweeney MO, Wathen MS, Volosin K, Abdalla I, DeGroot PJ, Otterness MF, Stark AJ. Appropriate and inappropriate ventricular therapies, quality of life, and mortality among primary and secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: results from the Pacing Fast VT REduces Shock ThErapies (PainFREE Rx II) trial. Circulation. 2005;111:2898-2905. (Pubitemid 40814182)
140. Friedman PA, Slusser J, Hodge D, Bradley D, Koestler C, Kusumoto F, Munger TM, Bailey K, Militanu A, Glikson M. Prospective randomized trial of dual-chamber vs. Single-chamber ICDs to minimize shocks in optimally programmed devices. Heart Rhythm. 2012. (Late-Breaking Clinical Trial. Lecture conducted at Heart Rhythm Society 33rd Annual Scientific Sessions, Boston Massachusetts).
141. Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial Research Group. A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction: II. Morbidity results. JAMA. 1983;250:2814-2819.
142. The Capricorn Investigators. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1385-1390.
143. Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW. 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2011;124:e783-e831.
144. Steinberg JS, Mittal S. The federal audit of implantable cardioverter- defibrillator implants: lessons learned. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1270-1274.
145. Kremers MS, Hammill SC, Berul CI, et al. The National ICD Registry report: version 2.1 including leads and pediatrics for years 2010 and 2011. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:e59-e65.
146. Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp A, Curtis J, Mark D, Peterson E, Sanders GD, Heidenreich PA, Hernandez AF, Curtis LH, Hammill S. Non-evidencebased ICD implantations in the United States. JAMA. 2011;305:43-49.
147. Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp A, Bardy GH, et al. Survival of patients receiving a primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in clinical practice vs. clinical trials. JAMA. 2013;309:55-62.
148. Cannon CP, Brindis RG, Chaitman BR, Cohen DJ, Cross JT Jr, Drozda JP Jr, Fesmire FM, Fintel DJ, Fonarow GC, Fox KA, Gray DT, Harrington RA, Hicks KA, Hollander JE, Krumholz H, Labarthe DR, Long JB, Mascette AM, Meyer C, Peterson ED, Radford MJ, Roe MT, Richmann JB, Selker HP, Shahian DM, Shaw RE, Sprenger S, Swor R, Underberg JA, Van de Werf F, Weiner BH, Weintraub WS. 2013 ACCF/ AHA key data elements and definitions for measuring the clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and coronary artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Acute Coronary Syndromes and Coronary Artery Disease Clinical Data Standards). Developed in collaboration with American College of Emergency Physicians, Emergency Nurses Association, National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, National Association of EMS Physicians, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2013;127:1052-1089.
149. Castellanos JM, Smith LM, Varosy PD, Dehlendorf C, Marcus GM. Referring physicians' discordance with the primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator guidelines: a national survey. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:874-881.
150. Mehra MR, Yancy CW, Albert NM, Curtis AB, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Heywood JT, McBride ML, O'Connor CM, Reynolds D, Walsh MN, Fonarow GC. Evidence of clinical practice heterogeneity in the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in heart failure and post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction: findings from IMPROVE HF. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:1727-1734.
151. Mehra MR, Albert NM, Curtis AB, Gheorghiade M, Heywood JT, Liu Y, O'Connor CM, Reynolds D, Walsh MN, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC. Factors associated with improvement in guideline-based use of ICDs in eligible heart failure patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35:135-145.
152. Sung RK, Massie BM, Varosy PD, Moore H, Rumsfeld J, Lee BK, Keung E. Long-term electrical survival analysis of Riata and Riata ST silicone leads: National Veterans Affairs experience. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:1954-1961.