Correction: Identification of immunity-related genes in ostrinia furnacalis against entomopathogenic fungi by RNA-seq analysis (PLoS ONE (2014) 9, 1 (e86436) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086436);Identification of immunity-related genes in Ostrinia furnacalis against entomopathogenic fungi by RNA-seq analysis

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Liu, Yang ^a   Shen, Dongxu ^b   Zhou, Fan ^b   Wang, Guirong ^a   An, Chunju ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION   (China)

^b CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALASE; CECROPIN; DEFENSIN; LYSOZYME; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEIN; PEROXIDASE; PEROXIREDOXIN; PROTEIN INHIBITOR OF ACTIVATED STAT; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; STAT PROTEIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; TRANSCRIPTOME; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA ACTIVATED KINASE 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 2;

ARTICLE; ATTACIN GENE; BETA GRP GENE; C TYPE LECTIN GENE; CACTUS GENE; CASPAR GENE; CATALASE GENE; CECROPIN GENE; CLIP DOMAIN SERINE PROTEASE GENE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEFENSIN GENE; DIF GENE; DOMELESS GENE; DOWN REGULATION; DRAPER GENE; DREDD GENE; DSCAM GENE; EATER GENE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; FADD GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ALGORITHM; GENETIC DATABASE; GLOVERIN GENE; HEMOCYTIN GENE; HEMOLIN GENE; HOPSCOTCH GENE; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; IKK GENE; IMD GENE; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE RESPONSE GENE; LEBOCIN GENE; LYSOZYME GENE; MORICIN GENE; MYD88 GENE; NADPH OXIDASE GENE; NONHUMAN; NOS GENE; OSTRINIA; OSTRINIA FURNACALIS; PELLE GENE; PELLINO GENE; PEROXIREDOXIN GENE; PGRP GENE; PIAS GENE; POX GENE; PPO GENE; REELER GENE; RELISH GENE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA SEQUENCE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR GENE; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SERPIN GENE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOCS GENE; SOD GENE; SPH GENE; STAT GENE; TAK1 GENE; THIOREDOXIN GENE; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE GENE; TOLL GENE; TOLLIP GENE; TRAF2 GENE; TUBE GENE; UPREGULATION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BEAUVERIA; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE ONTOLOGY; GENES, INSECT; IMMUNITY; INSECT PROTEINS; LEPIDOPTERA; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE ANNOTATION; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, RNA; TRANSCRIPTOME;

EID: 84898428911     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/annotation/755a38b9-ccc1-4042-baa2-1249c9da8670     Document Type: Erratum

References (111)

1. Cherry S, Silverman N (2006) Host-pathogen interactions in drosophila: new tricks from an old friend. Nat Immunol 7: 911-917. (Pubitemid 44263904)
2. Jiang H, Vilcinskas A, Kanost MR (2010) Immunity in lepidopteran insects. Adv Exp Med Biol 708: 181-204.
3. Kanost MR, Nardi JB (2009) Innate immune response of Manduca sexta. In: Goldsmith MR, Marec F (eds) CRC Press, New York, PP. 271-291.
4. Aggarwal K, Silverman N (2008) Positive and negative regulation of the Drosophila immune response. BMB Rep 41: 267-277. (Pubitemid 351656920)
5. Iwanaga S, Lee BL (2005) Recent advances in the innate immunity of invertebrate animals. J Biochem Mol Biol 38: 128-150. (Pubitemid 43026214)
6. Lemaitre B, Hoffmann J (2007) The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu Rev Immunol 25: 697-743. (Pubitemid 46697922)
7. Cerenius L, Lee BL, Soderhall K (2008) The proPO-system: pros and cons for its role in invertebrate immunity. Trends Immunol 29: 263-271.
8. Kanost MR, Gorman MJ (2008) Phenoloxidases in insect immunity. Insect Immunology: 69-96.
9. De Gregorio E, Spellman PT, Tzou P, Rubin GM, Lemaitre B (2002) The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila. The EMBO journal 21: 2568-2579. (Pubitemid 34619373)
10. Kambris Z, Brun S, Jang IH, Nam HJ, Romeo Y, et al. (2006) Drosophila immunity: a large-scale in vivo RNAi screen identifies five serine proteases required for Toll activation. CB 16: 808-813.
11. Ferrandon D, Imler JL, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA (2007) The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol 7: 862-874. (Pubitemid 350006241)
12. El Chamy L, Leclerc V, Caldelari I, Reichhart JM (2008) Sensing of 'danger signals' and pathogen-associated molecular patterns defines binary signaling pathways 'upstream' of Toll. Nat Immunol 9: 1165-1170.
13. Tang H, Kambris Z, Lemaitre B, Hashimoto C (2006) Two proteases defining a melanization cascade in the immune system of Drosophila. J Biol Chem 281: 28097-28104. (Pubitemid 44414523)
14. Nam HJ, Jang IH, You H, Lee KA, Lee WJ (2012) Genetic evidence of a redox-dependent systemic wound response via Hayan protease-phenoloxidase system in Drosophila. EMBO J 31: 1253-1265.
15. Clark KD, Strand MR (2013) Hemolymph Melanization in the Silkmoth Bombyx mori Involves Formation of a High Molecular Mass Complex That Metabolizes Tyrosine. J Biol Chem 288: 14476-14487.
16. Shao Q, Yang B, Xu Q, Li X, Lu Z, et al. (2012) Hindgut innate immunity and regulation of fecal microbiota through melanization in insects. J Biol Chem 287: 14270-14279.
17. An C, Ishibashi J, Ragan EJ, Jiang H, Kanost MR (2009) Functions of Manduca sexta hemolymph proteinases HP6 and HP8 in two innate immune pathways. J Biol Chem 284: 19716-19726.
18. Gorman MJ, Wang Y, Jiang H, Kanost MR (2007) Manduca sexta hemolymph proteinase 21 activates prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase 3 in an insect innate immune response proteinase cascade. J Biol Chem 282: 11742-11749. (Pubitemid 47100681)
19. Jiang H,Wang Y, Yu XQ, Kanost MR (2003) Prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-2 from hemolymph of Manduca sexta, A bacteria-inducible serine proteinase containing two clip domains. J Biol Chem 278: 3552-3561. (Pubitemid 36801078)
20. Lee SY, Kwon TH, Hyun JH, Choi JS, Kawabata SI, et al. (1998) In vitro activation of pro-phenol-oxidase by two kinds of pro-phenol-oxidase-activating factors isolated from hemolymph of coleopteran, Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. FEBS 254: 50-57. (Pubitemid 28255067)
21. Kim CH, Kim SJ, Kan H, Kwon HM, Roh KB, et al. (2008) A three-step proteolytic cascade mediates the activation of the peptidoglycan-induced toll pathway in an insect. J Biol Chem 283: 7599-7607.
22. Osta MA, Christophides GK, Vlachou D, Kafatos FC (2004) Innate immunity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: comparative and functional genomics. J Exp Biol 207: 2551-2563. (Pubitemid 39009310)
23. Michel K, Kafatos FC (2005) Mosquito immunity against Plasmodium. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35: 677-689. (Pubitemid 40707631)
24. Hultmark D (2003) Drosophila immunity: paths and patterns. Curr Opin Immunol 15: 12-19.
25. Jiang H, Kanost MR (2000) The clip-domain family of serine proteinases in arthropods. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 30: 95-105. (Pubitemid 30096721)
26. Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, Evans CA, Gocayne JD, et al. (2000) The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287: 2185-2195. (Pubitemid 30177013)
27. Christophides GK, Zdobnov E, Barillas-Mury C, Birney E, Blandin S, et al. (2002) Immunity-related genes and gene families in Anopheles gambiae. Science 298: 159-165.
28. Waterhouse RM, Kriventseva EV, Meister S, Xi Z, Alvarez KS, et al. (2007) Evolutionary dynamics of immune-related genes and pathways in disease-vector mosquitoes. Science 316: 1738-1743. (Pubitemid 46988547)
29. Evans JD, Aronstein K, Chen YP, Hetru C, Imler JL, et al. (2006) Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees Apis mellifera. Insect Mol Biol 15: 645-656. (Pubitemid 44652092)
30. Zou Z, Evans JD, Lu Z, Zhao P, Williams M, et al. (2007) Comparative genomic analysis of the Tribolium immune system. Genome Biol 8: R177.
31. Tanaka H, Ishibashi J, Fujita K, Nakajima Y, Sagisaka A, et al. (2008) A genome-wide analysis of genes and gene families involved in innate immunity of Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 38: 1087-1110.
32. Huang W, Marth G (2008) EagleView: a genome assembly viewer for next-generation sequencing technologies. Genome Res 18: 1538-1543.
33. Zhang J, Chiodini R, Badr A, Zhang G (2011) The impact of next-generation sequencing on genomics. J Genet Genomics 38: 95-109.
34. Pascual L, Jakubowska AK, Blanca JM, Canizares J, Ferre J, et al. (2012) The transcriptome of Spodoptera exigua larvae exposed to different types of microbes. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 42: 557-570.
35. Bao YY, Qu LY, Zhao D, Chen LB, Jin HY, et al. (2013) The genome- and transcriptome-wide analysis of innate immunity in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. BMC Genomics 14: 160.
36. Vogel H, Altincicek B, Glockner G, Vilcinskas A (2011) A comprehensive transcriptome and immune-gene repertoire of the lepidopteran model host Galleria mellonella. BMC Genomics 12: 308.
37. Afidchao MM, Musters C, de Snoo GR (2013) Asian corn borer (ACB) and non-ACB pests in GM corn (Zea mays L.) in the Philippines. Pest Manag Sci 69: 792-801.
38. Wagner BL, Lewis LC (2000) Colonization of corn, Zea mays, by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 3468-3473. (Pubitemid 30624590)
39. Qu M, Liu T, Yang J, Yang Q (2011) The gene, expression pattern and subcellular localization of chitin synthase B from the insect Ostrinia furnacalis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 404: 302-307.
40. Grabherr MG, Haas BJ, Yassour M, Levin JZ, Thompson DA, et al. (2011) Full length transcriptome assembly from RNA-Seq data: without a reference genome. Nat Biotechnol 29: 644-U130.
41. Pertea G, Huang X, Liang F, Antonescu V, Sultana R, et al. (2003) TIGR Gene Indices clustering tools (TGICL): a software system for fast clustering of large EST datasets. Bioinformatics 19: 651-652. (Pubitemid 36417060)
42. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, et al. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 3389-3402. (Pubitemid 27359211)
43. Iseli C, Jongeneel CV, Bucher P (1999) ESTScan: a program for detecting, evaluating, and reconstructing potential coding regions in EST sequences. Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol: 138-148.
44. Conesa A, Gotz S, Garcia-Gomez JM, Terol J, Talon M, et al. (2005) Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research. Bioinformatics 21: 3674-3676. (Pubitemid 41264107)
45. Gotz S, Garcia-Gomez JM, Terol J, Williams TD, Nagaraj SH, et al. (2008) High-throughput functional annotation and data mining with the Blast2GO suite. Nucleic Acids Res 36: 3420-3435. (Pubitemid 351859009)
46. Langmead B, Trapnell C, Pop M, Salzberg SL (2009) Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome. Genome Biol 10: R25.
47. Mortazavi A, Williams BA, McCue K, Schaeffer L, Wold B (2008) Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq. Nat Methods 5: 621-628. (Pubitemid 351911867)
48. Audic S, Claverie JM (1997) The significance of digital gene expression profiles. Genome Res 7: 986-995. (Pubitemid 27487763)
49. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Royal Stat Soci Series B: 289-300.
50. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, et al. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731-2739.
51. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2 (-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25: 402-408. (Pubitemid 34164012)
52. Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Janeway CA, Ezekowitz RA (1999) Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science 284: 1313-1318. (Pubitemid 29289650)
53. Yoshida H, Kinoshita K, Ashida M (1996) Purification of a peptidoglycan recognition protein from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 271: 13854-13860. (Pubitemid 26185431)
54. Sumathipala N, Jiang H (2010) Involvement of Manduca sexta peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 in the recognition of bacteria and activation of prophenoloxidase system. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 40: 487-495.
55. Kurata S (2013) Peptidoglycan recognition proteins in Drosophila immunity. Dev Comp Immunol. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.006.
56. Werner T, Liu G, Kang D, Ekengren S, Steiner H, et al. (2000) A family of peptidoglycan recognition proteins in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 13772-13777.
57. Kim YS, Ryu JH, Han SJ, Choi KH, Nam KB, et al. (2000) Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein, a pattern recognition receptor for lipopolysaccharide and beta-1, 3-glucan that mediates the signaling for the induction of innate immune genes in Drosophila melanogaster cells. J Biol Chem 275: 32721-32727.
58. Ochiai M, Ashida M (1988) Purification of a beta-1, 3-glucan recognition protein in the prophenoloxidase activating system from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 263: 12056-12062.
59. Ma C, Kanost MR (2000) A beta1, 3-glucan recognition protein from an insect, Manduca sexta, agglutinates microorganisms and activates the phenoloxidase cascade. J Biol Chem 275: 7505-7514. (Pubitemid 30159646)
60. Jiang H, Ma C, Lu ZQ, Kanost MR (2004) Beta-1, 3-glucan recognition protein-2 (betaGRP-2)from Manduca sexta;an acute-phase protein that binds beta-1, 3-glucan and lipoteichoic acid to aggregate fungi and bacteria and stimulate prophenoloxidase activation. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 34: 89-100. (Pubitemid 38157615)
61. Ochiai M, Ashida M (2000) A pattern-recognition protein for beta-1, 3-glucan. The binding domain and the cDNA cloning of beta-1, 3-glucan recognition protein from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 275: 4995-5002. (Pubitemid 30108896)
62. Takahasi K, Ochiai M, Horiuchi M, Kumeta H, Ogura K, et al. (2009) Solution structure of the silkworm betaGRP/GNBP3 N-terminal domain reveals the mechanism for beta-1, 3-glucan-specific recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 11679-11684.
63. Mishima Y, Quintin J, Aimanianda V, Kellenberger C, Coste F, et al. (2009) The N-terminal domain of Drosophila Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3) defines a novel family of fungal pattern recognition receptors. J Biol Chem 284: 28687-28697.
64. Yu XQ, Kanost MR (2004) Immulectin-2, a pattern recognition receptor that stimulates hemocyte encapsulation and melanization in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Dev Comp Immunol 28: 891-900.
65. Yu XQ, Kanost MR (2000) Immulectin-2, a lipopolysaccharide-specific lectin from an insect, Manduca sexta, is induced in response to gram-negative bacteria. J Biol Chem 275: 37373-37381.
66. Koizumi N, Imamura M, Kadotani T, Yaoi K, Iwahana H, et al. (1999) The lipopolysaccharide- binding protein participating in hemocyte nodule formation in the silkworm Bombyx mori is a novel member of the C-type lectin superfamily with two different tandem carbohydrate-recognition domains. FEBS Lett 443: 139-143. (Pubitemid 29078619)
67. Yu XQ, Kanost MR (2003) Manduca sexta lipopolysaccharide-specific immulectin-2 protects larvae from bacterial infection. Dev Comp Immunol 27: 189-196.
68. Shin SW, Park DS, Kim SC, Park HY (2000) Two carbohydrate recognition domains of Hyphantria cunea lectin bind to bacterial lipopolysaccharides through O-specific chain. FEBS Lett 467: 70-74. (Pubitemid 30069545)
69. Leshko-Lindsay LA, Corces VG (1997) The role of selectins in Drosophila eye and bristle development. Development 124: 169-180.
70. Kanost MR, Jiang H, Wang Y, Yu XQ, Ma C, et al. (2001) Hemolymph proteinases in immune responses of Manduca sexta. Adv Exp Med Biol 484: 319-328. (Pubitemid 32324287)
71. Zou Z, Lopez DL, Kanost MR, Evans JD, Jiang H (2006) Comparative analysis of serine protease-related genes in the honey bee genome: possible involvement in embryonic development and innate immunity. Insect Mol Biol 15: 603-614. (Pubitemid 44652090)
72. 2+ in coleopteran and Tenebrio molitor larvae. Eur J Biochem 269: 4375-4383.
73. Yu XQ, Jiang H, Wang Y, Kanost MR (2003) Nonproteolytic serine proteinase homologs are involved in prophenoloxidase activation in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 33: 197-208. (Pubitemid 36154283)
74. Kan H, Kim CH, Kwon HM, Park JW, Roh KB, et al. (2008) Molecular control of phenoloxidase- induced melanin synthesis in an insect. J Biol Chem 283: 25316-25323.
75. Ross J, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Wang Y (2003) Serine proteases and their homologs in the Drosophila melanogaster genome: an initial analysis of sequence conservation and phylogenetic relationships. Gene 304: 117-131. (Pubitemid 36140137)
76. Jang IH, Nam HJ, Lee WJ (2008) CLIP-domain serine proteases in Drosophila innate immunity. BMB reports 41: 102-107.
77. Zou Z, Picheng Z, Weng H, Mita K, Jiang H (2009) A comparative analysis of serpin genes in the silkworm genome. Genomics 93: 367-375.
78. Ji C, Wang Y, Guo X, Hartson S, Jiang H (2004) A pattern recognition serine proteinase triggers the prophenoloxidase activation cascade in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. J Biol Chem 279: 34101-34106. (Pubitemid 39318031)
79. Kanost MR (1999) Serine proteinase inhibitors in arthropod immunity. Dev Comp Immunol 23: 291-301.
80. Silverman GA, Whisstock JC, Bottomley SP, Huntington JA, Kaiserman D, et al. (2010) Serpins flex their muscle: I. Putting the clamps on proteolysis in diverse biological systems. J Biol Chem 285: 24299-24305.
81. Gettins PG (2002) Serpin structure, mechanism, and function. Chem Rev 102: 4751-4803.
82. Michel K, Budd A, Pinto S, Gibson TJ, Kafatos FC (2005) Anopheles gambiae SRPN2 facilitates midgut invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. EMBO reports 6: 891-897. (Pubitemid 43108682)
83. An C, Budd A, Kanost MR, Michel K (2011) Characterization of a regulatory unit that controls melanization and affects longevity of mosquitoes. Cell Mol Life Sci 68: 1929-1939.
84. Ligoxygakis P, Pelte N, Ji C, Leclerc V, Duvic B, et al. (2002) A serpin mutant links Toll activation to melanization in the host defence of Drosophila. EMBO J 21: 6330-6337. (Pubitemid 35448411)
85. De Gregorio E, Han SJ, Lee WJ, Baek MJ, Osaki T, et al. (2002) An immuneresponsive Serpin regulates the melanization cascade in Drosophila. Dev Cell 3: 581-592. (Pubitemid 35252266)
86. Zhu Y, Wang Y, Gorman MJ, Jiang H, KanostMR (2003) Manduca sexta serpin-3 regulates prophenoloxidase activation in response to infection by inhibiting prophenoloxidase-activating proteinases. J Biol Chem 278: 46556-46564. (Pubitemid 37452229)
87. Tong Y, Jiang H, Kanost MR (2005) Identification of plasma proteases inhibited by Manduca sexta serpin-4 and serpin-5 and their association with components of the prophenol oxidase activation pathway. J Biol Chem 280: 14932-14942. (Pubitemid 40562844)
88. Jiang R, Kim EH, Gong JH, Kwon HM, Kim CH, et al. (2009) Three pairs of protease-serpin complexes cooperatively regulate the insect innate immune responses. J Biol Chem 284: 35652-35658.
89. Weber AN, Tauszig-Delamasure S, Hoffmann JA, Lelievre E, Gascan H, et al. (2003) Binding of the Drosophila cytokine Spatzle to Toll is direct and establishes signaling. Nat Immunol 4: 794-800. (Pubitemid 36986764)
90. Wang Y, Cheng T, Rayaprolu S, Zou Z, Xia Q, et al. (2007) Proteolytic activation of pro-spatzle is required for the induced transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes in lepidopteran insects. Dev Comp Immunol 31: 1002-1012. (Pubitemid 47095006)
91. An C, Jiang H, Kanost MR (2010) Proteolytic activation and function of the cytokine Spatzle in the innate immune response of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta. FEBS J 277: 148-162.
92. DeLotto Y, DeLotto R (1998) Proteolytic processing of the Drosophila Spatzle protein by easter generates a dimeric NGF-like molecule with ventralising activity. Mech Dev 72: 141-148. (Pubitemid 28186713)
93. Michel T, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA, Royet J (2001) Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature 414: 756-759. (Pubitemid 34000773)
94. Rock FL, Hardiman G, Timans JC, Kastelein RA, Bazan JF (1998) A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 588-593. (Pubitemid 28083787)
95. Xu Y, Tao X, Shen B, Horng T, Medzhitov R, et al. (2000) Structural basis for signal transduction by the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains. Nature 408: 111-115.
96. Cheng TC, Zhang YL, Liu C, Xu PZ, Gao ZH, et al. (2008) Identification and analysis of Toll-related genes in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. Dev Comp Immunol 32: 464-475. (Pubitemid 351172443)
97. Wang L, Ligoxygakis P (2006) Pathogen recognition and signalling in the Drosophila innate immune response. Immunobiology 211: 251-261.
98. Hoffmann JA, Reichhart JM (2002) Drosophila innate immunity: an evolutionary perspective. Nat Immunol 3: 121-126. (Pubitemid 34141441)
99. Zhou R, Silverman N, Hong M, Liao DS, Chung Y, et al. (2005) The role of ubiquitination in Drosophila innate immunity. J Biol Chem 280: 34048-34055. (Pubitemid 41443127)
100. Kawabata T, Yasuhara Y, Ochiai M, Matsuura S, Ashida M (1995) Molecular cloning of insect pro-phenol oxidase: a copper-containing protein homologous to arthropod hemocyanin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92: 7774-7778.
101. Wang Y, Jiang H (2004) Prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation in Manduca sexta: an analysis of molecular interactions among proPO, proPO-activating proteinase-3, and a cofactor. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 34: 731-742. (Pubitemid 38946540)
102. Feng C, Song Q, Lü W, Lu J (2008) Purification and characterization of hemolymph prophenoloxidase from Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 151: 139-146.
103. Yasuhara Y, Koizumi Y, Katagiri C, Ashida M (1995) Reexamination of properties of prophenoloxidase isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Arch Biochem Biophys 320: 14-23.
104. Andreu D, Rivas L (1998) Animal antimicrobial peptides: an overview. Biopolymers 47: 415-433.
105. Brogden KA (2005) Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria? Nat Rev Microbiol 3: 238-250.
106. Bachali S, Jager M, Hassanin A, Schoentgen F, Jolles P, et al. (2002) Phylogenetic analysis of invertebrate lysozymes and the evolution of lysozyme function. J Mol Evol 54: 652-664. (Pubitemid 34297947)
107. Jimenez-Cantizano RM, Infante C, Martin-Antonio B, Ponce M, Hachero I, et al. (2008) Molecular characterization, phylogeny, and expression of c-type and g-type lysozymes in brill (Scophthalmus rhombus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 25: 57-65.
108. Gandhe AS, Janardhan G, Nagaraju J (2007) Immune upregulation of novel antibacterial proteins from silkmoths (Lepidoptera) that resemble lysozymes but lack muramidase activity. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 37: 655-666. (Pubitemid 46844882)
109. Steiner H, Hultmark D, Engstrom A, Bennich H, Boman HG (1981) Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity. Nature 292: 246-248. (Pubitemid 11001840)
110. Bulet P, Stocklin R, Menin L (2004) Anti-microbial peptides: from invertebrates to vertebrates. Immunol Rev 198: 169-184. (Pubitemid 38406943)
111. Knight JA (2000) Review: Free radicals, antioxidants, and the immune system. Ann Clin Lab Sci 30: 145-158.