Accelerated therapeutic progress in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Annals of Hematology

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 541-556

  Cai, Qingqing ^a,b   Westin, Jason ^b   Fu, Kai ^c   Desai, Madhav ^b   Zhang, Liang ^b   Huang, Huiqiang ^a   Jiang, Wenqi ^a   Liang, Rong ^d   Qian, Zhengzi ^e   Champlin, Richard E ^b   Wang, Michael ^b  

^a SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY CANCER CENTER   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d FOURTH MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^e TIANJIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Immunochemotherapy; Novel biological agents; Rituximab

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BENDAMUSTINE; BLEOMYCIN; BRUTON TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; CARFILZOMIB; CARMUSTINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; DOXORUBICIN; ENZASTAURIN; EPRATUZUMAB; ETOPOSIDE; EVEROLIMUS; FOSTAMATINIB; IBRUTINIB; LENALIDOMIDE; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MELPHALAN; OBINUTUZUMAB; OFATUMUMAB; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PREDNISONE; PROTEASOME INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE SYK INHIBITOR; RITUXIMAB; VELTUZUMAB; VINCRISTINE; VINDESINE;

AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; EVENT FREE SURVIVAL; HUMAN; LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL, MURINE-DERIVED; ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; BIOLOGICAL FACTORS; HUMANS; LYMPHOMA, LARGE B-CELL, DIFFUSE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; THALIDOMIDE;

EID: 84896403797     PISSN: 09395555     EISSN: 14320584     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1979-7     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project (1997) A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 89(11):3909-3918
2. Liu J, Song B, Fan T, Huang C, Xie C, Li J, Zhong W, Li S, Yu J (2011) Pathological and clinical characteristics of 1,248 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas from a regional cancer hospital in Shandong, China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12(11):3055-3061
3. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri S, Stein H, Thiele J, JW V (2008) WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th edn. IARC, Lyon
4. Coiffier B, Thieblemont C, Van Den Neste E, Lepeu G, Plantier I, Castaigne S, Lefort S, Marit G, Macro M, Sebban C, Belhadj K, Bordessoule D, Ferme C, Tilly H (2010) Long-term outcome of patients in the LNH-98.5 trial, the first randomized study comparing rituximab-CHOP to standard CHOP chemotherapy in DLBCL patients: a study by the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. Blood 116(12):2040-2045. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-276246
5. Habermann TM, Weller EA, Morrison VA, Gascoyne RD, Cassileth PA, Cohn JB, Dakhil SR, Woda B, Fisher RI, Peterson BA, Horning SJ (2006) Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP alone or with maintenance rituximab in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24(19):3121-3127. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05. 1003
6. Pfreundschuh M, Kuhnt E, Trumper L, Osterborg A, Trneny M, Shepherd L, Gill DS, Walewski J, Pettengell R, Jaeger U, Zinzani PL, Shpilberg O, Kvaloy S, de Nully Brown P, Stahel R, Milpied N, Lopez-Guillermo A, Poeschel V, Grass S, Loeffler M, Murawski N, MabThera International Trial Group (2011) CHOP-like chemotherapy with or without rituximab in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma: 6-year results of an open-label randomised study of the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group. Lancet Oncol 12(11):1013-1022. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70235-2
7. Hagberg H, Gisselbrecht C, CORAL Study Group (2006) Randomised phase III study of R-ICE versus R-DHAP in relapsed patients with CD20 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) followed by high-dose therapy and a second randomisation to maintenance treatment with rituximab or not: an update of the CORAL study. Ann Oncol 17(Suppl 4):iv31-iv32. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdj996
8. The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project (1993) A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 329(14):987-994
9. Ziepert M, Hasenclever D, Kuhnt E, Glass B, Schmitz N, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M (2010) Standard International prognostic index remains a valid predictor of outcome for patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era. J Clin Oncol 28(14):2373-2380. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.26.2493
10. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, Boldrick JC, Sabet H, Tran T, Yu X, Powell JI, Yang L, Marti GE, Moore T, Hudson J Jr, Lu L, Lewis DB, Tibshirani R, Sherlock G, Chan WC, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Armitage JO, Warnke R, Levy R, Wilson W, Grever MR, Byrd JC, Botstein D, Brown PO, Staudt LM (2000) Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403(6769):503-511. doi: 10.1038/35000501
11. Rosenwald A, Wright G, Chan WC, Connors JM, Campo E, Fisher RI, Gascoyne RD, Muller-Hermelink HK, Smeland EB, Giltnane JM, Hurt EM, Zhao H, Averett L, Yang L, Wilson WH, Jaffe ES, Simon R, Klausner RD, Powell J, Duffey PL, Longo DL, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Sanger WG, Dave BJ, Lynch JC, Vose J, Armitage JO, Montserrat E, Lopez-Guillermo A, Grogan TM, Miller TP, LeBlanc M, Ott G, Kvaloy S, Delabie J, Holte H, Krajci P, Stokke T, Staudt LM, Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling P (2002) The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 346(25):1937-1947. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012914
12. Wright G, Tan B, Rosenwald A, Hurt EH, Wiestner A, Staudt LM (2003) A gene expression-based method to diagnose clinically distinct subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(17):9991-9996. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1732008100
13. Kolbert CP, Feddersen RM, Rakhshan F, Grill DE, Simon G, Middha S, Jang JS, Simon V, Schultz DA, Zschunke M, Lingle W, Carr JM, Thompson EA, Oberg AL, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Li P, Yang P, Jen J (2013) Multi-platform analysis of microRNA expression measurements in RNA from fresh frozen and FFPE tissues. PLoS ONE 8(1):e52517. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052517
14. Barrans S, Worrillow L, Care M, Crouch S, Smith A, Patmore R, Davies A, Tooze R, Roman E, Jack A (2010) Gene Expression Profiling Using the Illumina 'DASL' Platform on RNA Extracted From Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) Tissue Identifies Distinct Prognostic Groups In CHOP-R Treated DLBCL. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 116:Abstract 2485
15. Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Gascoyne RD, Delabie J, Ott G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Campo E, Braziel RM, Jaffe ES, Pan Z, Farinha P, Smith LM, Falini B, Banham AH, Rosenwald A, Staudt LM, Connors JM, Armitage JO, Chan WC (2004) Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood 103(1):275-282. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1545
16. Nyman H, Adde M, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Taskinen M, Berglund M, Amini RM, Blomqvist C, Enblad G, Leppa S (2007) Prognostic impact of immunohistochemically defined germinal center phenotype in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Blood 109(11):4930-4935. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-09-047068
17. Ilic I, Mitrovic Z, Aurer I, Basic-Kinda S, Radman I, Ajdukovic R, Labar B, Dotlic S, Nola M (2009) Lack of prognostic significance of the germinal-center phenotype in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with and without rituximab. Int J Hematol 90(1):74-80. doi: 10.1007/s12185-009-0353-y
18. Seki R, Ohshima K, Fujisaki T, Uike N, Kawano F, Gondo H, Makino S, Eto T, Moriuchi Y, Taguchi F, Kamimura T, Tsuda H, Ogawa R, Shimoda K, Yamashita K, Suzuki K, Suzushima H, Tsukazaki K, Higuchi M, Utsunomiya A, Iwahashi M, Imamura Y, Tamura K, Suzumiya J, Yoshida M, Abe Y, Matsumoto T, Okamura T (2009) Prognostic impact of immunohistochemical biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era. Cancer Sci 100(10):1842-1847. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01268.x
19. Ott G, Ziepert M, Klapper W, Horn H, Szczepanowski M, Bernd HW, Thorns C, Feller AC, Lenze D, Hummel M, Stein H, Muller-Hermelink HK, Frank M, Hansmann ML, Barth TF, Moller P, Cogliatti S, Pfreundschuh M, Schmitz N, Trumper L, Loeffler M, Rosenwald A (2010) Immunoblastic morphology but not the immunohistochemical GCB/nonGCB classifier predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the RICOVER-60 trial of the DSHNHL. Blood 116(23):4916-4925. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-276766
20. Fu K, Weisenburger DD, Choi WW, Perry KD, Smith LM, Shi X, Hans CP, Greiner TC, Bierman PJ, Bociek RG, Armitage JO, Chan WC, Vose JM (2008) Addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy improves the survival of both the germinal center B-cell-like and non-germinal center B-cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 26(28):4587-4594. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9277
21. Pfreundschuh M, Schubert J, Ziepert M, Schmits R, Mohren M, Lengfelder E, Reiser M, Nickenig C, Clemens M, Peter N, Bokemeyer C, Eimermacher H, Ho A, Hoffmann M, Mertelsmann R, Trumper L, Balleisen L, Liersch R, Metzner B, Hartmann F, Glass B, Poeschel V, Schmitz N, Ruebe C, Feller AC, Loeffler M, German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study G (2008) Six versus eight cycles of bi-weekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: a randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60). Lancet Oncol 9(2):105-116. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70002-0
22. Delarue R, Tilly H, Mounier N, Petrella T, Salles G, Thieblemont C, Bologna S, Ghesquieres H, Hacini M, Fruchart C, Ysebaert L, Ferme C, Casasnovas O, Van Hoof A, Thyss A, Delmer A, Fitoussi O, Molina TJ, Haioun C, Bosly A (2013) Dose-dense rituximab-CHOP compared with standard rituximab-CHOP in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (the LNH03-6B study): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70122-0
23. Cunningham D, Hawkes EA, Jack A, Qian W, Smith P, Mouncey P, Pocock C, Ardeshna KM, Radford JA, McMillan A, Davies J, Turner D, Kruger A, Johnson P, Gambell J, Linch D (2013) Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 3 comparison of dose intensification with 14-day versus 21-day cycles. Lancet. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60313-x
24. Tilly H, Lepage E, Coiffier B, Blanc M, Herbrecht R, Bosly A, Attal M, Fillet G, Guettier C, Molina TJ, Gisselbrecht C, Reyes F, Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de lA (2003) Intensive conventional chemotherapy (ACVBP regimen) compared with standard CHOP for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 102(13):4284-4289. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0542
25. Reyes F, Lepage E, Ganem G, Molina TJ, Brice P, Coiffier B, Morel P, Ferme C, Bosly A, Lederlin P, Laurent G, Tilly H, Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de lA (2005) ACVBP versus CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma. N Engl J Med 352(12):1197-1205. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042040
26. Recher C, Coiffier B, Haioun C, Molina TJ, Ferme C, Casasnovas O, Thieblemont C, Bosly A, Laurent G, Morschhauser F, Ghesquieres H, Jardin F, Bologna S, Fruchart C, Corront B, Gabarre J, Bonnet C, Janvier M, Canioni D, Jais JP, Salles G, Tilly H, Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de lA (2011) Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 378(9806):1858-1867. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61040-4
27. Molina TJ, Canioni D, Copie-Bergman C, Recher C, Fournier M, Haioun C, Briere J, Berger F, Ferme C, Copin M-C, Casasnovas R-O, Thieblemont C, Leroy K, Salles GA, Jardin F, Jais J-P, Gaulard P, Coiffier B, Tilly H (2011) R-ACVBP Benefits to Younger Patients with Non-Germinal Centre Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma As Compared to R-CHOP in the GELA Trial LNH03-2B. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 118 (21):2632-
28. Molina JC, D, Copie-Bergman C (2011) R-ACVBP Benefits to younger patients with non-germinal centre diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as compared to R-CHOP in the GELA Trial LNH03-2B. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 118, p. 2632
29. Ghielmini M, Vitolo U, Kimby E, Montoto S, Walewski J, Pfreundschuh M, Federico M, Hoskin P, McNamara C, Caligaris-Cappio F, Stilgenbauer S, Marcus R, Trneny M, Dreger P, Montserrat E, Dreyling M, Panel Members of the 1st ECCoML (2013) ESMO Guidelines consensus conference on malignant lymphoma 2011 part 1: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ann Oncol 24(3):561-576. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds517
30. Morschhauser F, Illidge T, Huglo D, Martinelli G, Paganelli G, Zinzani PL, Rule S, Liberati AM, Milpied N, Hess G, Stein H, Kalmus J, Marcus R (2007) Efficacy and safety of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not appropriate for autologous stem-cell transplantation. Blood 110(10.1182/blood-2007-01-068056):54-58
31. Zinzani PL, Rossi G, Franceschetti S, Botto B, Di Rocco A, Cabras MG, Petti MC, Stefoni V, Broccoli A, Fanti S, Pellegrini C, Montini GC, Gandolfi L, Derenzini E, Argnani L, Fina M, Tucci A, Bottelli C, Pileri S, Baccarani M (2010) Phase II trial of short-course R-CHOP followed by 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in previously untreated high-risk elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 16(15):3998-4004. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0162
32. Hamlin AP RM, Noy A (2010) Final results of a phase II study of sequential R-CHOP and yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (RIT) for elderly high risk patients with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 116, p. 1793
33. Friedberg JW UJ, Burack WR, et al (2010) R-CHOP with Iodine-131 Tositumomab consolidation for advanced stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): Southwest Oncology Group Protocol S0433. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 116, p. 590
34. Gianni AM, Bregni M, Siena S, Brambilla C, Di Nicola M, Lombardi F, Gandola L, Tarella C, Pileri A, Ravagnani F, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G (1997) High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation compared with MACOP-B in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 336(18):1290-1297. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199705013361804
35. Milpied N, Deconinck E, Gaillard F, Delwail V, Foussard C, Berthou C, Gressin R, Lucas V, Colombat P, Harousseau JL, Groupe Ouest-Est des Leucemies et des Autres Maladies du Sang (2004) Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support. N Engl J Med 350(13):1287-1295. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa031770
36. Martelli M, Gherlinzoni F, De Renzo A, Zinzani PL, De Vivo A, Cantonetti M, Falini B, Storti S, Meloni G, Rizzo M, Molinari AL, Lauria F, Moretti L, Lauta VM, Mazza P, Guardigni L, Pescarmona E, Pileri SA, Mandelli F, Tura S (2003) Early autologous stem-cell transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy as front-line therapy in high-risk, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an Italian multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 21(7):1255-1262
37. Vitolo U, Liberati AM, Cabras MG, Federico M, Angelucci E, Baldini L, Boccomini C, Brugiatelli M, Calvi R, Ciccone G, Genua A, Deliliers GL, Levis A, Parvis G, Pavone E, Salvi F, Sborgia M, Gallo E, Intergruppo Italiano L (2005) High dose sequential chemotherapy with autologous transplantation versus dose-dense chemotherapy MegaCEOP as first line treatment in poor-prognosis diffuse large cell lymphoma: an "Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi" randomized trial. Haematologica 90(6):793-801
38. Haioun C, Lepage E, Gisselbrecht C, Salles G, Coiffier B, Brice P, Bosly A, Morel P, Nouvel C, Tilly H, Lederlin P, Sebban C, Briere J, Gaulard P, Reyes F (2000) Survival benefit of high-dose therapy in poor-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: final analysis of the prospective LNH87-2 protocol - a groupe d'Etude des lymphomes de l'Adulte study. J Clin Oncol 18(16):3025-3030
39. Greb A, Bohlius J, Trelle S, Schiefer D, De Souza CA, Gisselbrecht C, Intragumtornchai T, Kaiser U, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Martelli M, Milpied NJ, Santini G, Verdonck LF, Vitolo U, Schwarzer G, Engert A (2007) High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support in first-line treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma - results of a comprehensive meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 33(4):338-346. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.02.002
40. Strehl J, Mey U, Glasmacher A, Djulbegovic B, Mayr C, Gorschluter M, Ziske C, Schmidt-Wolf IG (2003) High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a meta-analysis. Haematologica 88(11):1304-1315
41. Le Gouill S, Milpied N, Lamy T, Delwail V, Gressin R, Guyotat D, Damaj G, Foussard C, Cartron G, Maisonneuve H (2011) First-line rituximab (R) high-dose therapy (R-HDT) versus R-CHOP 14 for young adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: preliminary results of the GOELAMS 075 prospective multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 29:8003
42. Schmitz N, Nickelsen M, Ziepert M, Haenel M, Borchmann P, Schmidt C, Viardot A, Bentz M, Peter N, Ehninger G, Doelken G, Ruebe C, Truemper L, Rosenwald A, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M, Glass B, German High-Grade Lymphoma Study G (2012) Conventional chemotherapy (CHOEP-14) with rituximab or high-dose chemotherapy (MegaCHOEP) with rituximab for young, high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (DSHNHL 2002-1). Lancet Oncol 13(12):1250-1259. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70481-3
43. Stiff P, Unger J, Cook J, Constine L, Couban S, Shea T, Winter J, Miller T, Tubbs R, Marcellus D (2011) Randomized phase III US/Canadian intergroup trial (SWOG S9704) comparing CHOP ± R for eight cycles to CHOP ± R for six cycles followed by autotransplant for patients with highintermediate (H-Int) or high IPI grade diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). J Clin Oncol 29:8001
44. Vitolo U CA, Brusamolino E et al (2012) Rituximab dose-dense chemotherapy followed by intensified high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC + ASCT) significantly reduces the risk of progression compared to standard rituximab dose-dense chemotherapy as first line treatment in young patients with high-risk (aa-IPI 2-3) diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): final results of phase III randomized trial DLCL04 of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 120, p. 688
45. Johnson ED, Sievert MC, McKinin EJ (1995) Retrieving research studies: a comparison of bibliographic and full-text versions of the New England Journal of Medicine. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care, pp. 846-850
46. Vellenga E, van Putten WL, van't Veer MB, Zijlstra JM, Fibbe WE, van Oers MH, Verdonck LF, Wijermans PW, van Imhoff GW, Lugtenburg PJ, Huijgens PC (2008) Rituximab improves the treatment results of DHAP-VIM-DHAP and ASCT in relapsed/progressive aggressive CD20+ NHL: a prospective randomized HOVON trial. Blood 111(2):537-543. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-108415
47. Gisselbrecht C, Glass B, Mounier N, Singh Gill D, Linch DC, Trneny M, Bosly A, Ketterer N, Shpilberg O, Hagberg H, Ma D, Briere J, Moskowitz CH, Schmitz N (2010) Salvage regimens with autologous transplantation for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era. J Clin Oncol 28(27):4184-4190. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.28.1618
48. Thieblemont C, Briere J, Mounier N, Voelker HU, Cuccuini W, Hirchaud E, Rosenwald A, Jack A, Sundstrom C, Cogliatti S, Trougouboff P, Boudova L, Ysebaert L, Soulier J, Chevalier C, Bron D, Schmitz N, Gaulard P, Houlgatte R, Gisselbrecht C (2011) The germinal center/activated B-cell subclassification has a prognostic impact for response to salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a bio-CORAL study. J Clin Oncol 29(31):4079-4087. doi: 10.1200/jco.2011.35.4423
49. Gisselbrecht C, Schmitz N, Mounier N, Singh Gill D, Linch DC, Trneny M, Bosly A, Milpied NJ, Radford J, Ketterer N, Shpilberg O, Duhrsen U, Hagberg H, Ma DD, Viardot A, Lowenthal R, Briere J, Salles G, Moskowitz CH, Glass B (2012) Rituximab maintenance therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with relapsed CD20(+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: final analysis of the collaborative trial in relapsed aggressive lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 30(36):4462-4469. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.41.9416
50. Vose JM, Carter S, Burns LJ, Ayala E, Press OW, Moskowitz CH, Stadtmauer EA, Mineshi S, Ambinder R, Fenske T, Horowitz M, Fisher R, Tomblyn M (2013) Phase III randomized study of rituximab/carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) compared with iodine-131 tositumomab/BEAM with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the BMT CTN 0401 Trial. J Clin Oncol 31(13):1662-1668. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.9453
51. Bishop MR, Dean RM, Steinberg SM, Odom J, Pavletic SZ, Chow C, Pittaluga S, Sportes C, Hardy NM, Gea-Banacloche J, Kolstad A, Gress RE, Fowler DH (2008) Clinical evidence of a graft-versus-lymphoma effect against relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Ann Oncol 19(11):1935-1940. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdn404
52. van Kampen RJ, Canals C, Schouten HC, Nagler A, Thomson KJ, Vernant JP, Buzyn A, Boogaerts MA, Luan JJ, Maury S, Milpied NJ, Jouet JP, Ossenkoppele GJ, Sureda A (2011) Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation as salvage therapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma relapsing after an autologous stem-cell transplantation: an analysis of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry. J Clin Oncol 29(10):1342-1348. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.2596
53. Bacher U, Klyuchnikov E, Le-Rademacher J, Carreras J, Armand P, Bishop MR, Bredeson CN, Cairo MS, Fenske TS, Freytes CO, Gale RP, Gibson J, Isola LM, Inwards DJ, Laport GG, Lazarus HM, Maziarz RT, Wiernik PH, Schouten HC, Slavin S, Smith SM, Vose JM, Waller EK, Hari PN, Lymphoma Working Committee of the C (2012) Conditioning regimens for allotransplants for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: myeloablative or reduced intensity? Blood 120(20):4256-4262. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-436725
54. Ratanatharathorn V, Logan B, Wang D, Horowitz M, Uberti JP, Ringden O, Gale RP, Khoury H, Arora M, Spellman S, Cutler C, Antin J, Bornhauser M, Hale G, Verdonck L, Cairo M, Gupta V, Pavletic S, Center for International B, Marrow Transplant Research MWIUSA (2009) Prior rituximab correlates with less acute graft-versus-host disease and better survival in B-cell lymphoma patients who received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 145(6):816-824. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07674.x
55. Gopal AK, Guthrie KA, Rajendran J, Pagel JM, Oliveira G, Maloney DG, Matesan MC, Storb RF, Press OW (2011) (9)(0)Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan, fludarabine, and TBI-based nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation conditioning for patients with persistent high-risk B-cell lymphoma. Blood 118(4):1132-1139. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-324392
56. Bethge WA, von Harsdorf S, Bornhauser M, Federmann B, Stelljes M, Trenschel R, Baurmann H, Dittmann H, Faul C, Vogel W, Kanz L, Bunjes D (2012) Dose-escalated radioimmunotherapy as part of reduced intensity conditioning for allogeneic transplantation in patients with advanced high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 47(11):1397-1402. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2012.62
57. Papageorgiou SG, Cwynarski K, Kottaridis PD (2013) The role of allogeneic haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (DLBCL). Bone Marrow Transplant. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2012.266
58. Thieblemont C, Delfau-Larue MH, Coiffier B (2012) Lenalidomide in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Adv Hematol 2012:861060. doi: 10.1155/2012/861060
59. Rubenstein JL, Treseler PA, Stewart PJ (2011) Regression of refractory intraocular large B-cell lymphoma with lenalidomide monotherapy. J Clin Oncol 29(20):e595-e597. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.34.7252
60. Zeldis JB, Knight R, Hussein M, Chopra R, Muller G (2011) A review of the history, properties, and use of the immunomodulatory compound lenalidomide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1222:76-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05974.x
61. Zhang L, Qian Z, Cai Z, Sun L, Wang H, Bartlett JB, Yi Q, Wang M (2009) Synergistic antitumor effects of lenalidomide and rituximab on mantle cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Am J Hematol 84(9):553-559. doi: 10.1002/ajh.21468
62. Qian Z, Zhang L, Cai Z, Sun L, Wang H, Yi Q, Wang M (2011) Lenalidomide synergizes with dexamethasone to induce growth arrest and apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Leuk Res 35(3):380-386. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.09.027
63. Witzig TE, Vose JM, Zinzani PL, Reeder CB, Buckstein R, Polikoff JA, Bouabdallah R, Haioun C, Tilly H, Guo P, Pietronigro D, Ervin-Haynes AL, Czuczman MS (2011) An international phase II trial of single-agent lenalidomide for relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Oncol 22(7):1622-1627. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq626
64. Wang M, Fowler N, Wagner-Bartak N, Feng L, Romaguera J, Neelapu SS, Hagemeister F, Fanale M, Oki Y, Pro B, Shah J, Thomas S, Younes A, Hosing C, Zhang L, Newberry KJ, Desai M, Cheng N, Badillo M, Bejarano M, Chen Y, Young KH, Champlin R, Kwak L, Fayad L (2013) Oral Lenalidomide with rituximab in relapsed or refractory diffuse large cell, follicular, and transformed lymphoma: a phase II clinical trial. Leukemia. doi: 10.1038/leu.2013.95
65. Yang Y, Shaffer AL 3rd, Emre NC, Ceribelli M, Zhang M, Wright G, Xiao W, Powell J, Platig J, Kohlhammer H, Young RM, Zhao H, Yang Y, Xu W, Buggy JJ, Balasubramanian S, Mathews LA, Shinn P, Guha R, Ferrer M, Thomas C, Waldmann TA, Staudt LM (2012) Exploiting synthetic lethality for the therapy of ABC diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell 21(6):723-737. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.024
66. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Deeb G, Zinzani PL, Pileri SA, Malik F, Macon WR, Goy A, Witzig TE, Czuczman MS (2011) Higher response to lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in nongerminal center B-cell-like than in germinal center B-cell-like phenotype. Cancer 117(22):5058-5066. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26135
67. Nowakowski GS, LaPlant B, Habermann TM, Rivera CE, Macon WR, Inwards DJ, Micallef IN, Johnston PB, Porrata LF, Ansell SM, Klebig RR, Reeder CB, Witzig TE (2011) Lenalidomide can be safely combined with R-CHOP (R2CHOP) in the initial chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell lymphomas: phase I study. Leukemia 25(12):1877-1881. doi: 10.1038/leu.2011.165
68. Tilly H, Morschhauser F, Salles G, Casasnovas RO, Feugier P, Molina TJ, Jardin F, Terriou L, Haioun C, Coiffier B (2013) Phase 1b study of lenalidomide in combination with rituximab-CHOP (R2-CHOP) in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 27(1):252-255. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.172
69. Chiappella A FS, Castellino A, et al (2012) Rituximab-CHOP21 plus lenalidomide (LR-CHOP21) is effective and feasible in elderly untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): results of phase II REAL07 study of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 120, p. 903
70. Feldman T MR, Donato LM, et al (2012) Ricer (Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide, Revlimid) Is Well-Tolerated Salvage Regimen in First Relapse/Primary Refractory DLBCL Allowing Consolidation with Autologous Stem Cell Transplant. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov; 120:3710
71. Alduaij W, Illidge TM (2011) The future of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: are we making progress? Blood 117(11):2993-3001. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-298356
72. Alduaij W, Ivanov A, Honeychurch J, Cheadle EJ, Potluri S, Lim SH, Shimada K, Chan CH, Tutt A, Beers SA, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS, Illidge TM (2011) Novel type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (GA101) evokes homotypic adhesion and actin-dependent, lysosome-mediated cell death in B-cell malignancies. Blood 117(17):4519-4529. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-296913
73. Uchiyama S, Suzuki Y, Otake K, Yokoyama M, Ohta M, Aikawa S, Komatsu M, Sawada T, Kagami Y, Morishima Y, Fukui K (2010) Development of novel humanized anti-CD20 antibodies based on affinity constant and epitope. Cancer Sci 101(1):201-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01392.x
74. Barth MJ, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Mavis C, Tsai PC, Gibbs JF, Deeb G, Czuczman MS (2012) Ofatumumab demonstrates activity against rituximab-sensitive and -resistant cell lines, lymphoma xenografts and primary tumour cells from patients with B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 156(4):490-498. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08966.x
75. Coiffier B BA, Wu LK et al (2010) Ofatumumab monotherapy for treatment of patients with relapsed/progressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from a multicenter phase II study. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 116, p. 3955
76. Matasar MJ, Czuczman MS, Rodriguez MA, Fennessy M, Shea TC, Spitzer G, Lossos IS, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Joyce R, Fayad L, Henkel K, Liao Q, Edvardsen K, Jewell RC, Fecteau D, Singh RP, Lisby S, Moskowitz CH (2013) Ofatumumab in combination with ICE or DHAP chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory intermediate grade B-cell lymphoma. Blood. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-472027
77. Matasar M, Czuczman M, Rodriguez M (2011) A phase II study of ofatumumab in combination with ICE or DHAP chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Blood 118(21):957
78. Stein R, Qu Z, Chen S, Rosario A, Shi V, Hayes M, Horak ID, Hansen HJ, Goldenberg DM (2004) Characterization of a new humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, IMMU-106, and Its use in combination with the humanized anti-CD22 antibody, epratuzumab, for the therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 10(8):2868-2878
79. Morschhauser F, Leonard JP, Fayad L, Coiffier B, Petillon MO, Coleman M, Schuster SJ, Dyer MJ, Horne H, Teoh N, Wegener WA, Goldenberg DM (2009) Humanized anti-CD20 antibody, veltuzumab, in refractory/recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: phase I/II results. J Clin Oncol 27(20):3346-3353. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.9117
80. Robak T (2009) GA-101, a third-generation, humanized and glyco-engineered anti-CD20 mAb for the treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 10(6):588-596
81. Dalle S, Reslan L, Besseyre de Horts T, Herveau S, Herting F, Plesa A, Friess T, Umana P, Klein C, Dumontet C (2011) Preclinical studies on the mechanism of action and the anti-lymphoma activity of the novel anti-CD20 antibody GA101. Mol Cancer Ther 10(1):178-185. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10- 0385
82. Mossner E, Brunker P, Moser S, Puntener U, Schmidt C, Herter S, Grau R, Gerdes C, Nopora A, van Puijenbroek E, Ferrara C, Sondermann P, Jager C, Strein P, Fertig G, Friess T, Schull C, Bauer S, Dal Porto J, Del Nagro C, Dabbagh K, Dyer MJ, Poppema S, Klein C, Umana P (2010) Increasing the efficacy of CD20 antibody therapy through the engineering of a new type II anti-CD20 antibody with enhanced direct and immune effector cell-mediated B-cell cytotoxicity. Blood 115(22):4393-4402. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-225979
83. Sehn LH, Assouline SE, Stewart DA, Mangel J, Gascoyne RD, Fine G,
84. Salles G, Morschhauser F, Lamy T, Milpied N, Thieblemont C, Tilly H, Bieska G, Asikanius E, Carlile D, Birkett J, Pisa P, Cartron G (2012) Phase 1 study results of the type II glycoengineered humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab (GA101) in B-cell lymphoma patients. Blood 119(22):5126-5132. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-404368
85. Cartron G, Thieblemont C, Solal-Celigny P, Morschhhauser F, Haioun C, Bouabdallah R, Lamy T, Milpied N, Gouill S, Feugier P (2010) Promising efficacy with the new anti-CD20 antibody GA101 in heavily pre-treated NHL patients - first results from a phase II study in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL and MCL. Blood 116(21):2878
86. Carnahan J, Stein R, Qu Z, Hess K, Cesano A, Hansen HJ, Goldenberg DM (2007) Epratuzumab, a CD22-targeting recombinant humanized antibody with a different mode of action from rituximab. Mol Immunol 44(6):1331-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.05.007
87. Micallef IN, Maurer MJ, Wiseman GA, Nikcevich DA, Kurtin PJ, Cannon MW, Perez DG, Soori GS, Link BK, Habermann TM, Witzig TE (2011) Epratuzumab with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 118(15):4053-4061. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-336990
88. Rajkumar SV, Richardson PG, Hideshima T, Anderson KC (2005) Proteasome inhibition as a novel therapeutic target in human cancer. J Clin Oncol 23(3):630-639. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.11.030
89. Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Czuczman MS, Dave SS, Wright G, Grant N, Shovlin M, Jaffe ES, Janik JE, Staudt LM, Wilson WH (2009) Differential efficacy of bortezomib plus chemotherapy within molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 113(24):6069-6076. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-199679
90. Davis RE, Brown KD, Siebenlist U, Staudt LM (2001) Constitutive nuclear factor kappaB activity is required for survival of activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells. J Exp Med 194(12):1861-1874
91. Ruan J, Martin P, Furman RR, Lee SM, Cheung K, Vose JM, Lacasce A, Morrison J, Elstrom R, Ely S, Chadburn A, Cesarman E, Coleman M, Leonard JP (2011) Bortezomib plus CHOP-rituximab for previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 29(6):690-697. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.1142
92. Kortuem KM, Stewart AK (2013) Carfilzomib. Blood 121(6):893-897. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-459883
93. Pham VL RA, Tamayo TA et al (2012) Biological significance of the immumoproteasome subunits Mecl-1 and LMP-2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 120, p. 2717
94. Davis RE, Ngo VN, Lenz G, Tolar P, Young RM, Romesser PB, Kohlhammer H, Lamy L, Zhao H, Yang Y, Xu W, Shaffer AL, Wright G, Xiao W, Powell J, Jiang JK, Thomas CJ, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Johnson NA, Rimsza LM, Campo E, Jaffe ES, Wilson WH, Delabie J, Smeland EB, Fisher RI, Braziel RM, Tubbs RR, Cook JR, Weisenburger DD, Chan WC, Pierce SK, Staudt LM (2010) Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature 463(7277):88-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08638
95. Efremov DG, Laurenti L (2011) The Syk kinase as a therapeutic target in leukemia and lymphoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 20(5):623-636. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2011.570329
96. McAdoo SP, Tam FW (2011) Fostamatinib Disodium. Drugs Future 36(4):273
97. Friedberg JW, Sharman J, Sweetenham J, Johnston PB, Vose JM, Lacasce A, Schaefer-Cutillo J, De Vos S, Sinha R, Leonard JP, Cripe LD, Gregory SA, Sterba MP, Lowe AM, Levy R, Shipp MA (2010) Inhibition of Syk with fostamatinib disodium has significant clinical activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 115(13):2578-2585. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-08-236471
98. Bogusz AM, Baxter RH, Currie T, Sinha P, Sohani AR, Kutok JL, Rodig SJ (2012) Quantitative immunofluorescence reveals the signature of active B-cell receptor signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 18(22):6122-6135. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0397
99. Advani RH, Buggy JJ, Sharman JP, Smith SM, Boyd TE, Grant B, Kolibaba KS, Furman RR, Rodriguez S, Chang BY, Sukbuntherng J, Izumi R, Hamdy A, Hedrick E, Fowler NH (2013) Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol 31(1):88-94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.7906
100. Wilson HW GF, Goy A et al (2012) The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib (PCI-32765), has preferential activity in the ABC subtype of relapsed/refractory de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): interim results of a multicenter, open-label, phase 2 study. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 120, p. 686
101. Brown JR SJ, Harb WA et al (2012) Phase Ib trial of AVL-292, a covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). J Clin Oncol 30 (suppl; abstr 8032)
102. Uddin S, Hussain AR, Siraj AK, Manogaran PS, Al-Jomah NA, Moorji A, Atizado V, Al-Dayel F, Belgaumi A, El-Solh H, Ezzat A, Bavi P, Al-Kuraya KS (2006) Role of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma survival. Blood 108(13):4178-4186. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-04- 016907
103. Renne C, Willenbrock K, Martin-Subero JI, Hinsch N, Doring C, Tiacci E, Klapper W, Moller P, Kuppers R, Hansmann ML, Siebert R, Brauninger A (2007) High expression of several tyrosine kinases and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in mediastinal large B cell lymphoma reveals further similarities to Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 21(4):780-787. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404594
104. Lannutti BJ, Meadows SA, Herman SE, Kashishian A, Steiner B, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Tyner JW, Loriaux MM, Deininger M, Druker BJ, Puri KD, Ulrich RG, Giese NA (2011) CAL-101, a p110delta selective phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, inhibits PI3K signaling and cellular viability. Blood 117(2):591-594. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-275305
105. Kahl B BC, Flinn WI et al (2010) Clinical safety and activity in a phase 1 study of CAL-101, an isoform-selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase P110, in patients with relapsed or refractory non-hodgkin lymphoma. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov, vol. 116, p. 1777
106. Flinn WI HM, Patel M et al (2012) Clinical Safety and Activity in a Phase 1 Trial of IPI-145, a Potent Inhibitor of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase-, in Patients with Advanced Hematologic Malignancies. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov 120:3663
107. Thomson AW, Turnquist HR, Raimondi G (2009) Immunoregulatory functions of mTOR inhibition. Nat Rev Immunol 9(5):324-337. doi: 10.1038/nri2546
108. Younes A (2008) Therapeutic activity of mTOR inhibitors in mantle cell lymphoma: clues but no clear answers. Autophagy 4(5):707-709
109. Smith SM, van Besien K, Karrison T, Dancey J, McLaughlin P, Younes A, Smith S, Stiff P, Lester E, Modi S, Doyle LA, Vokes EE, Pro B (2010) Temsirolimus has activity in non-mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes: The University of Chicago phase II consortium. J Clin Oncol 28(31):4740-4746. doi: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.2813
110. Witzig TE, Reeder CB, LaPlant BR, Gupta M, Johnston PB, Micallef IN, Porrata LF, Ansell SM, Colgan JP, Jacobsen ED, Ghobrial IM, Habermann TM (2011) A phase II trial of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus in relapsed aggressive lymphoma. Leukemia 25(2):341-347. doi: 10.1038/leu.2010.226
111. Robertson MJ, Kahl BS, Vose JM, de Vos S, Laughlin M, Flynn PJ, Rowland K, Cruz JC, Goldberg SL, Musib L, Darstein C, Enas N, Kutok JL, Aster JC, Neuberg D, Savage KJ, LaCasce A, Thornton D, Slapak CA, Shipp MA (2007) Phase II study of enzastaurin, a protein kinase C beta inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 25(13):1741-1746. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.3146
112. Hainsworth JD, Arrowsmith ER, Mccleod M (2011) Randomized phase II study of R-CHOP plus enzastaurin versus R-CHOP in the first-line treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): Preliminary analysis. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 29(suppl; abstr 8016)
113. Rigacci L, Puccini B, Cortelazzo S, Gaidano G, Piccin A, D'Arco A, Freilone R, Storti S, Orciuolo E, Zinzani PL, Zaja F, Bongarzoni V, Balzarotti M, Rota-Scalabrini D, Patti C, Gobbi M, Carpaneto A, Liberati AM, Bosi A, Iannitto E (2012) Bendamustine with or without rituximab for the treatment of heavily pretreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: A multicenter retrospective study on behalf of the Italian Lymphoma Foundation (FIL). Ann Hematol 91(7):1013-1022. doi: 10.1007/s00277-012-1422-5
114. Ohmachi K, Niitsu N, Uchida T, Kim SJ, Ando K, Takahashi N, Takahashi N, Uike N, Eom HS, Chae YS, Terauchi T, Tateishi U, Tatsumi M, Kim WS, Tobinai K, Suh C, Ogura M (2013) Multicenter phase II study of bendamustine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. doi: 10.1200/jco.2012.46.5203
115. Cunningham D, Smith P, Mouncey P, Qian W, Jack A, Pocock C, Ardeshna K, Radford J, Davies A, McMillan A (2011) R-CHOP14 versus R-CHOP21: result of a randomized phase III trial for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 29:8000a