메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 369-378

TcpC protein from E. coli Nissle improves epithelial barrier function involving PKCζ and ERK1/2 signaling in HT-29/B6 cells

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; CLAUDIN 14; MANNITOL; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; PROTEIN KINASE C ZETA; PROTEIN TCPC; TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84895110427     PISSN: 19330219     EISSN: 19353456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.55     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0033592203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A randomised trial
    • Rembacken, B.J., Snelling, A.M., Hawkey, P.M., Chalmers, D.M. Axon, A.T. Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A randomised trial. Lancet 354, 635-639 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 635-639
    • Rembacken, B.J.1    Snelling, A.M.2    Hawkey, P.M.3    Chalmers, D.M.4    Axon, A.T.5
  • 2
    • 4644239296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine
    • Kruis, W. et al. Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine. Gut 53, 1617-1623 (2004).
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 1617-1623
    • Kruis, W.1
  • 3
    • 1642374075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 interferes with invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by different enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens
    • Altenhoefer, A. et al. The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 interferes with invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by different enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 40, 223-229 (2004).
    • (2004) FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 223-229
    • Altenhoefer, A.1
  • 4
    • 4644249955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-kappaB-and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: A novel effect of a probiotic bacterium
    • Wehkamp, J. et al. NF-kappaB-and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: A novel effect of a probiotic bacterium. Infect. Immun. 72, 5750-5758 (2004).
    • (2004) Infect. Immun. , vol.72 , pp. 5750-5758
    • Wehkamp, J.1
  • 5
    • 34248399194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of human beta-defensin 2 by the probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 is mediated through flagellin
    • Schlee, M. et al. Induction of human beta-defensin 2 by the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is mediated through flagellin. Infect. Immun. 75, 2399-2407 (2007).
    • (2007) Infect. Immun. , vol.75 , pp. 2399-2407
    • Schlee, M.1
  • 6
    • 84895123113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA-microarraybased comparison of cellular responses in polarized T84 epithelial cells triggered by probiotics: E. Coli Nissle and Lactobacillus acidophilus PZ1041
    • Cichon, C., Enders, E., Sonnenborn, U. & Schmidt,M.A. DNA-microarraybased comparison of cellular responses in polarized T84 epithelial cells triggered by probiotics: E. coli Nissle and Lactobacillus acidophilus PZ1041. Gastroenterology 126, A579 (2004).
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 579
    • Cichon, C.1    Enders, E.2    Sonnenborn, U.3    Schmidt, M.A.4
  • 7
    • 84895132646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of specific miRNAs targeting proteins of the apical junctional complex that simulate the probiotic effect of E. Coli Nissle 1917 on T84 epithelial cells
    • Veltman, K., Hummel, S., Cichon, C., Sonnenborn, U. & Schmidt, M.A. Identification of specific miRNAs targeting proteins of the apical junctional complex that simulate the probiotic effect of E. coli Nissle 1917 on T84 epithelial cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (2011).
    • (2011) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
    • Veltman, K.1    Hummel, S.2    Cichon, C.3    Sonnenborn, U.4    Schmidt, M.A.5
  • 8
    • 44949153787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 inhibits leaky gut by enhancing mucosal integrity
    • Ukena, S.N. et al. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 inhibits leaky gut by enhancing mucosal integrity. PLoS One 2, e1308 (2007).
    • (2007) PLoS One , vol.2
    • Ukena, S.N.1
  • 9
    • 0035354574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular structure of tight junctions and their role in epithelial transport
    • Anderson, J.M. Molecular structure of tight junctions and their role in epithelial transport. News Physiol. Sci. 16, 126-130 (2001).
    • (2001) News Physiol. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 126-130
    • Anderson, J.M.1
  • 11
    • 0034504947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting the squeeze+ on the tight junction: Understanding cytoskeletal regulation
    • Turner, J.R. +Putting the squeeze+ on the tight junction: Understanding cytoskeletal regulation. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 301-308 (2000).
    • (2000) Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 301-308
    • Turner, J.R.1
  • 13
    • 0033851771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions I. Tight junction structure and function: Lessons from mutant animals and proteins
    • Mitic, L.L., Van Itallie, C.M. & Anderson, J.M. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions I. Tight junction structure and function: Lessons from mutant animals and proteins. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 279, G250-G254 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. , vol.279 , pp. 250-254
    • Mitic, L.L.1    Van Itallie, C.M.2    Anderson, J.M.3
  • 14
    • 0027744129 scopus 로고
    • Occludin: A novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions
    • Furuse, M. et al. Occludin: A novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions. J. Cell Biol. 123, 1777-1788 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Cell Biol. , vol.123 , pp. 1777-1788
    • Furuse, M.1
  • 15
    • 0032577975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claudin-1 and-2: Novel integral membrane proteins localizing at tight junctions with no sequence similarity to occludin
    • Furuse, M., Fujita, K.,Hiiragi, T., Fujimoto,K. & Tsukita, S. Claudin-1 and-2: Novel integral membrane proteins localizing at tight junctions with no sequence similarity to occludin. J. Cell Biol. 141, 1539-1550 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Cell Biol. , vol.141 , pp. 1539-1550
    • Furuse, M.1    Fujita, K.2    Hiiragi, T.3    Fujimoto, K.4    Tsukita, S.5
  • 16
    • 29144533473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tricellulin constitutes a novel barrier at tricellular contacts of epithelial cells
    • Ikenouchi, J., Furuse, M., Furuse, K., Sasaki, H. & Tsukita, S. Tricellulin constitutes a novel barrier at tricellular contacts of epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 171, 939-945 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Cell Biol. , vol.171 , pp. 939-945
    • Ikenouchi, J.1    Furuse, M.2    Furuse, K.3    Sasaki, H.4    Tsukita, S.5
  • 17
    • 39849109700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosstalk of tight junction components with signaling pathways
    • Gonzalez-Mariscal, L., Tapia, R. & Chamorro, D. Crosstalk of tight junction components with signaling pathways. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1778, 729-756 (2008).
    • (2008) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , vol.1778 , pp. 729-756
    • Gonzalez-Mariscal, L.1    Tapia, R.2    Chamorro, D.3
  • 18
    • 1642543216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thr203 of claudin-1, a putative phosphorylation site for MAP kinase, is required to promote the barrier function of tight junctions
    • Fujibe, M. et al. Thr203 of claudin-1, a putative phosphorylation site for MAP kinase, is required to promote the barrier function of tight junctions. Exp. Cell Res. 295, 36-47 (2004).
    • (2004) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.295 , pp. 36-47
    • Fujibe, M.1
  • 20
    • 77954655235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNFalpha up-regulates claudin-2 expression in epithelial HT-29/B6 cells via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling
    • Mankertz, J. et al. TNFalpha up-regulates claudin-2 expression in epithelial HT-29/B6 cells via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling. Cell Tissue Res. 336, 67-77 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.336 , pp. 67-77
    • Mankertz, J.1
  • 21
    • 57349107080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted bioactive factors from Bifidobacterium infantis enhance epithelial cell barrier function
    • Ewaschuk, J.B. et al. Secreted bioactive factors from Bifidobacterium infantis enhance epithelial cell barrier function. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 295, G1025-G1034 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. , vol.295 , pp. 1025-1034
    • Ewaschuk, J.B.1
  • 22
    • 66149090738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic mixture VSL#3 protects the epithelial barrier by maintaining tight junction protein expression and preventing apoptosis in a murine model of colitis
    • Mennigen, R. et al. Probiotic mixture VSL#3 protects the epithelial barrier by maintaining tight junction protein expression and preventing apoptosis in a murine model of colitis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 296, G1140-G1149 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. , vol.296 , pp. 1140-1149
    • Mennigen, R.1
  • 23
    • 33846894974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair.Cell
    • Zyrek, A.A. et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair.Cell. Microbiol. 9, 804-816 (2007).
    • (2007) Microbiol. , vol.9 , pp. 804-816
    • Zyrek, A.A.1
  • 24
    • 10744222330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claudin 14 knockout mice, a model for autosomal recessive deafness DFNB29, are deaf due to cochlear hair cell degeneration
    • Ben-Yosef, T. et al. Claudin 14 knockout mice, a model for autosomal recessive deafness DFNB29, are deaf due to cochlear hair cell degeneration. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 2049-2061 (2003).
    • (2003) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.12 , pp. 2049-2061
    • Ben-Yosef, T.1
  • 25
    • 67249084776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zonula occludens-1 and-2 are cytosolic scaffolds that regulate the assembly of cellular junctions
    • Fanning, A.S. & Anderson, J.M. Zonula occludens-1 and-2 are cytosolic scaffolds that regulate the assembly of cellular junctions. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1165, 113-120 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.1165 , pp. 113-120
    • Fanning, A.S.1    Anderson, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 0038460949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infectionwith enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec)
    • Resta-Lenert, S. & Barrett, K.E. Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infectionwith enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). Gut 52, 988-997 (2003).
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 988-997
    • Resta-Lenert, S.1    Barrett, K.E.2
  • 27
    • 77951246075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The K5 capsule of escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 is important in stimulating expression of toll-like receptor 5, cd14, myd88, and trif together with the induction of interleukin-8 expression via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in epithelial cells
    • Hafez, M., Hayes, K., Goldrick, M., Grencis, R.K. & Roberts, I.S. The K5 capsule of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is important in stimulating expression of Toll-like receptor 5, CD14, MyD88, and TRIF together with the induction of interleukin-8 expression via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 78, 2153-2162 (2010).
    • (2010) Infect. Immun. , vol.78 , pp. 2153-2162
    • Hafez, M.1    Hayes, K.2    Goldrick, M.3    Grencis, R.K.4    Roberts, I.S.5
  • 28
    • 67650066587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The K5 capsule of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is important in mediating interactions with intestinal epithelial cells and chemokine induction
    • Hafez, M. et al. The K5 capsule of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is important in mediating interactions with intestinal epithelial cells and chemokine induction. Infect. Immun. 77, 2995-3003 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Immun. , vol.77 , pp. 2995-3003
    • Hafez, M.1
  • 29
    • 41849102701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subversion of Toll-like receptor signaling by a unique family of bacterial Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing proteins
    • Cirl, C. et al. Subversion of Toll-like receptor signaling by a unique family of bacterial Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing proteins. Nat. Med. 14, 399-406 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 399-406
    • Cirl, C.1
  • 30
    • 0035911955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures
    • Suzuki, A. et al. Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures. J. Cell Biol. 152, 1183-1196 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Cell Biol. , vol.152 , pp. 1183-1196
    • Suzuki, A.1
  • 31
    • 0034891627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional modeling of tight junctions in intestinal cell monolayers using polyethylene glycol oligomers
    • Watson, C.J., Rowland, M. & Warhurst, G. Functional modeling of tight junctions in intestinal cell monolayers using polyethylene glycol oligomers. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 281, C388-C397 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. , vol.281 , pp. 388-397
    • Watson, C.J.1    Rowland, M.2    Warhurst, G.3
  • 33
    • 0029617910 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a role of MEK and MAPK during signal transduction by protein kinase C zeta
    • Berra, E. et al. Evidence for a role of MEK and MAPK during signal transduction by protein kinase C zeta. EMBO J. 14, 6157-6163 (1995).
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 6157-6163
    • Berra, E.1
  • 34
    • 0039791449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by conventional, novel, and atypical protein kinase C isotypes
    • Schonwasser,D.C., Marais, R.M.,Marshall, C.J. &Parker,P.J. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by conventional, novel, and atypical protein kinase C isotypes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 790-798 (1998).
    • (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 790-798
    • Schonwasser, D.C.1    Marais, R.M.2    Marshall, C.J.3    Parker, P.J.4
  • 35
    • 0034668121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C zeta plays a central role in activation of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by endotoxin in alveolar macrophages
    • Monick, M.M., Carter, A.B., Flaherty, D.M., Peterson, M.W. & Hunninghake, G.W. Protein kinase C zeta plays a central role in activation of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by endotoxin in alveolar macrophages. J. Immunol. 165, 4632-4639 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 4632-4639
    • Monick, M.M.1    Carter, A.B.2    Flaherty, D.M.3    Peterson, M.W.4    Hunninghake, G.W.5
  • 36
    • 79551482121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of ERK on tight junction integrity in differentiated and under-differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers
    • Aggarwal, S., Suzuki, T., Taylor, W.L., Bhargava, A. & Rao, R.K. Contrasting effects of ERK on tight junction integrity in differentiated and under-differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Biochem. J. 433, 51-63 (2011).
    • (2011) Biochem. J. , vol.433 , pp. 51-63
    • Aggarwal, S.1    Suzuki, T.2    Taylor, W.L.3    Bhargava, A.4    Rao, R.K.5
  • 37
    • 42049098409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics ameliorate the hydrogen peroxide-induced epithelial barrier disruption by a PKC-and MAP kinasedependent mechanism
    • Seth, A., Yan, F., Polk, D.B. & Rao, R.K. Probiotics ameliorate the hydrogen peroxide-induced epithelial barrier disruption by a PKC-and MAP kinasedependent mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294, G1060-G1069 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. , vol.294 , pp. 1060-1069
    • Seth, A.1    Yan, F.2    Polk, D.B.3    Rao, R.K.4
  • 38
    • 17744380785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the gene encoding tight junction claudin-14 cause autosomal recessive deafness DFNB29
    • Wilcox, E.R. et al. Mutations in the gene encoding tight junction claudin-14 cause autosomal recessive deafness DFNB29. Cell 104, 165-172 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 165-172
    • Wilcox, E.R.1
  • 39
    • 20344365338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different mechanisms preclude mutant CLDN14 proteins from forming tight junctions in vitro
    • Wattenhofer, M. et al. Different mechanisms preclude mutant CLDN14 proteins from forming tight junctions in vitro. Hum. Mutat. 25, 543-549 (2005).
    • (2005) Hum. Mutat. , vol.25 , pp. 543-549
    • Wattenhofer, M.1
  • 40
    • 0037115724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claudin-2 expression induces cation-selective channels in tight junctions of epithelial cells
    • Amasheh, S. et al. Claudin-2 expression induces cation-selective channels in tight junctions of epithelial cells. J. Cell. Sci. 115, 4969-4976 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Cell. Sci. , vol.115 , pp. 4969-4976
    • Amasheh, S.1
  • 41
    • 0026006055 scopus 로고
    • Cl-secretion in epithelial monolayers of mucus-forming human colon cells (HT-29/B6)
    • Kreusel, K.M., Fromm, M., Schulzke, J.D. & Hegel, U. Cl-secretion in epithelial monolayers of mucus-forming human colon cells (HT-29/B6). Am. J. Physiol. 261, C574-C582 (1991).
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.261 , pp. 574-582
    • Kreusel, K.M.1    Fromm, M.2    Schulzke, J.D.3    Hegel, U.4
  • 42
    • 0034612342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products
    • Datsenko, K.A. & Wanner, B.L. One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 6640-6645 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 6640-6645
    • Datsenko, K.A.1    Wanner, B.L.2
  • 43
    • 79951907967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E. Coli Nissle1917 affects Salmonella adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells
    • Schierack, P. et al. E. coli Nissle 1917 affects Salmonella adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells. PLoS One 6, e14712 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Schierack, P.1
  • 44
    • 79959230202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence gene profiling of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli strains: A basis for molecular risk assessment of typical and atypical EPEC strains
    • Bugarel, M., Martin, A., Fach, P. & Beutin, L. Virulence gene profiling of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli strains: A basis for molecular risk assessment of typical and atypical EPEC strains. BMC Microbiol. 11, 142 (2011).
    • (2011) BMC Microbiol. , vol.11 , pp. 142
    • Bugarel, M.1    Martin, A.2    Fach, P.3    Beutin, L.4
  • 45
    • 70449107587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-path impedance spectroscopy for measuring paracellular and transcellular epithelial resistance
    • Krug, S.M., Fromm, M. & Gunzel, D. Two-path impedance spectroscopy for measuring paracellular and transcellular epithelial resistance. Biophys. J. 97, 2202-2211 (2009).
    • (2009) Biophys. J. , vol.97 , pp. 2202-2211
    • Krug, S.M.1    Fromm, M.2    Gunzel, D.3
  • 46
    • 22144441209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of claudin-5 to barrier properties in tight junctions of epithelial cells
    • Amasheh, S. et al. Contribution of claudin-5 to barrier properties in tight junctions of epithelial cells. Cell Tissue Res. 321, 89-96 (2005).
    • (2005) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.321 , pp. 89-96
    • Amasheh, S.1
  • 47
    • 67249117191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claudin-10 exists in six alternatively spliced isoforms that exhibit distinct localization and function
    • Gunzel, D. et al. Claudin-10 exists in six alternatively spliced isoforms that exhibit distinct localization and function. J. Cell Sci. 122, 1507-1517 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Cell Sci. , vol.122 , pp. 1507-1517
    • Gunzel, D.1
  • 48
    • 67249153151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for cation selectivity in claudin-2-based pores
    • Yu, A.S. Molecular basis for cation selectivity in claudin-2-based pores. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1165, 53-57 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.1165 , pp. 53-57
    • Yu, A.S.1
  • 49
    • 0035710746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method
    • Livak, K.J. & Schmittgen, T.D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25, 402-408 (2001).
    • (2001) Methods , vol.25 , pp. 402-408
    • Livak, K.J.1    Schmittgen, T.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.