Shape shifting: Local landmarks interfere with navigation by, and recognition of, global shape

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 492-510

  Buckley, Matthew G ^a   Smith, Alastair D ^a   Haselgrove, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Associative learning; Geometric module; ID ED; Navigation; Spatial learning

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; COMPUTER INTERFACE; DEPTH PERCEPTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION; SPATIAL BEHAVIOR; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); SPACE PERCEPTION; SPATIAL BEHAVIOR; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84894487739     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0034901     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Ayaz, H., Allen, S. L., Platek, S. M., & Onaral, B. (2008). Maze Suite 1.0: A complete set of tools to prepare, present, and analyze navigational and spatial cognitive neuroscience experiments. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 353-359.
2. Barry, C., Lever, C., Hayman, R., Hartley, T., Burton, S., O'Keefe, J.,.
3. Burgess, N. (2006). The boundary vector cell model of place cell firing and spatial memory. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 17, 71-97.
4. Bast, T., Wilson, I. A., Witter, M. P., & Morris, R. G. M. (2009). From rapid place learning to behavioral performance: A key role for the intermediate hippocampus. PLoS Biology, 7, e1000089.
5. Bek, J., Blades, M., Siegal, M., & Varley, R. (2010). Language and spatial reorientation: Evidence from severe aphasia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 646-658.
6. Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition by components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94, 115-147.
7. Burgess, N. (2006). Spatial memory: How egocentric and allocentric combine. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 551-557.
8. Burgess, N. (2008). Spatial cognition and the brain. In A. Kingstone & M. B. Miller (Eds.), Year in cognitive neuroscience 2008 (Vol. 1124, pp. 77-97). New York, NY: Wiley.
9. Chamizo, V. D., Aznar-Casanova, J. A., & Artigas, A. A. (2003). Human overshadowing in a virtual pool: Simple guidance is a good competitor against locale learning. Learning and Motivation, 34, 262-281.
10. Chamizo, V. D., Manteiga, R. D., Rodrigo, T., & Mackintosh, N. J. (2006). Competition between landmarks in spatial learning: The role of proximity to the goal. Behavioural Processes, 71, 59-65.
11. Cheng, K. (1986). A purely geometric module in the rat's spatial representation. Cognition, 23, 149-178.
12. Cheng, K. (2005). Reflections on geometry and navigation. Connection Science, 17, 5-21.
13. Cheng, K. (2008). Whither geometry? Troubles of the geometric module. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 355-361.
14. Cheng, K., & Newcombe, N. S. (2005). Is there a geometric module for spatial orientation? Squaring theory and evidence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 1-23.
15. Cheung, A., Stürzl, W., Zeil, J., & Cheng, K. (2008). The information content of panoramic images II: View-based navigation in nonrectangular experimental arenas. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 15-30.
16. Christou, C. G., & Bulthoff, H. H. (1999). View dependence in scene recognition after active learning. Memory & Cognition, 27, 996-1007.
17. Cole, M. R., Gibson, L., Pollack, A., & Yates, L. (2011). Potentiation and overshadowing of shape by wall color in a kite-shaped maze using rats in a foraging task. Learning and Motivation, 42, 99-112. Cuell, S. F., Good, M. A., Dopson, J. C., Pearce, J. M., & Horne, M. R. (2012). Changes in attention to relevant and irrelevant stimuli during spatial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 244-254.
18. Cuell, S. F., Good, M. A., Dopson, J. C., Pearce, J. M., & Horne, M. R. (2012). Changes in attention to relevant and irrelevant stimuli during spatial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 244-254
19. De Houwer, J., Hermans, D., & Eelen, P. (1998). Affective and identity priming with episodically associated stimuli. Cognition & Emotion, 12, 145-169.
20. Doeller, C. F., & Burgess, N. (2008). Distinct error-correcting and incidental learning of location relative to landmarks and boundaries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 5909-5914.
21. Esber, G. R., & Haselgrove, M. (2011). Reconciling the influence of predictiveness and uncertainty on stimulus salience: A model of attention in associative learning. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278, 2553-2561.
22. Farah, M. J., Rochlin, R., & Klein, K. L. (1994). Orientation invariance and geometric primitives in shape-recognition. Cognitive Science, 18, 325-344.
23. Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Gallistel, C. R. (1990). The organization of learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Gallistel, C. R., & Matzel, L. D. (2013). The neuroscience of learning: Beyond the Hebbian synapse. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 169-200.
26. George, D. N., & Pearce, J. M. (1999). Acquired distinctiveness is controlled by stimulus relevance not correlation with reward. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 363-373.
27. George, D. N., Ward-Robinson, J., & Pearce, J. M. (2001). Discrimination of structure: I. Implications for connectionist theories of discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 206-218.
28. Gould-Beierle, K. L., & Kamil, A. C. (1999). The effect of proximity on landmark use in Clark's nutcrackers. Animal Behaviour, 58, 477-488.
29. Graham, M., Good, M. A., McGregor, A., & Pearce, J. M. (2006). Spatial learning based on the shape of the environment is influenced by properties of the objects forming the shape. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 44-59.
30. Hamilton, D. A., Johnson, T. E., Redhead, E. S., & Verney, S. R. (2009). Control of rodent and human spatial navigation by room and apparatus cues. Behavioural Processes, 81, 154-169.
31. Haselgrove, M., George, D. N., & Pearce, J. M. (2005). The discrimination of structure: III. Representation of spatial relationships. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 31, 433-448.
32. Hayward, A., Good, M. A., & Pearce, J. M. (2004). Failure of a landmark to restrict spatial learning based on the shape of the environment. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 57, 289-314.
33. Hayward, A., McGregor, A., Good, M. A., & Pearce, J. M. (2003). Absence of overshadowing and blocking between landmarks and the geometric cues provided by the shape of a test arena. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 114-126.
34. Hermer-Vazquez, L., Spelke, E. S., & Katsnelson, A. S. (1999). Sources of flexibility in human cognition: Dual-task studies of space and language. Cognitive Psychology, 39, 3-36.
35. Hock, H. S., & Schmelzkopf, K. F. (1980). The abstraction of schematic representations from photographs of real-world scenes. Memory & Cognition, 8, 543-554.
36. Horne, M. R., Iordanova, M. D., & Pearce, J. M. (2010). Spatial learning based on boundaries in rats is hippocampus-dependent and prone to overshadowing. Behavioral Neuroscience, 124, 623-632.
37. Horne, M. R., & Pearce, J. M. (2009). A landmark blocks searching for a hidden platform in an environment with a distinctive shape after extended pretraining. Learning & Behavior, 37, 167-178.
38. Horne, M. R., & Pearce, J. M. (2011). Potentiation and overshadowing between landmarks and environmental geometric cues. Learning & Behavior, 39, 371-382.
39. Hupbach, A., Hardt, O., Nadel, L., & Bohbot, V. (2007). Spatial reorientation: Effects of verbal and spatial shadowing. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 7, 213-226.
40. Jeffery, K. J. (2010). Theoretical accounts of spatial learning: A neurobiological view (commentary on Pearce, 2009). The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1683-1699.
41. Jones, P. M., & Haselgrove, M. (2011). Overshadowing and associability change. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 287-299.
42. Kelly, D. M., Spetch, M. L., & Heth, C. D. (1998). Pigeons' (Columba livia) encoding of geometric and featural properties of a spatial environment. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 112, 259-269.
43. Kosaki, Y., Austen, J. M., & McGregor, A. (2013). Overshadowing of geometry learning by discrete landmarks in the water maze: Effects of relative salience and relative validity of competing cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 39, 126-139.
44. Lavenex, P. B., & Lavenex, P. (2010). Spatial relational learning and memory abilities do not differ between men and women in a real-world, open-field environment. Behavioural Brain Research, 207, 125-137.
45. Leising, K. J., Garlick, D., & Blaisdell, A. P. (2011). Overshadowing between landmarks on the touchscreen and in arena with pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 488-494.
46. Le Pelley, M. E. (2004). The role of associative history in models of associative learning: A selective review and a hybrid model. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 57, 193-243.
47. Le Pelley, M. E. (2010). Attention and human associative learning. In C. J. Mitchell & M. E. Le Pelley (Eds.), Attention and associative learning: From brain to behaviour (pp. 131-158). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
48. Le Pelley, M. E., Beesley, T., & Griffiths, O. (2011). Overt attention and predictiveness in human contingency learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 220-229.
49. Le Pelley, M. E., Calvini, G., & Spears, R. (2013). Learned predictiveness influences automatic evaluations in human contingency learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 217-228.
50. Le Pelley, M. E., & McLaren, I. P. L. (2003). Learned associability and associative change in human causal learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 68-79.
51. Le Pelley, M. E., Schmidt-Hansen, M., Harris, N. J., Lunter, C. M., & Morris, C. S. (2010). Disentangling the attentional deficit in schizophrenia: Pointers from schizotypy. Psychiatry Research, 176, 143-149.
52. Le Pelley, M. E., Vadillo, M., & Luque, D. (2013, July 15). Learned predictiveness influences rapid attentional capture: Evidence from the dot probe task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Advance online publication.
53. Lew, A. R. (2011). Looking beyond the boundaries: Time to put landmarks back on the cognitive map? Psychological Bulletin, 137, 484-507.
54. Livesey, E. J., Harris, I. M., & Harris, J. A. (2009). Attentional changes during implicit learning: Signal validity protects a target stimulus from the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 408-422.
55. Mackintosh, N. J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variations in associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82, 276-298.
56. Mackintosh, N. J. (1976). Overshadowing and stimulus-intensity. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 186-192.
57. Mackintosh, N. J., & Little, L. (1969). Intradimensional and extradimensional shift learning by pigeons. Psychonomic Science, 14, 5-6.
58. McGregor, A., Horne, M. R., Esber, G. R., & Pearce, J. M. (2009). Absence of overshadowing between a landmark and geometric cues in a distinctively shaped environment: A test of Miller and Shettleworth (2007). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 357-370.
59. McGregor, A., Jones, P. M., Good, M. A., & Pearce, J. M. (2006). Further evidence that rats rely on local rather than global spatial information to locate a hidden goal: Reply to Cheng and Gallistel (2005). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 314-321.
60. Miles, C. G., & Jenkins, H. M. (1973). Overshadowing in operant conditioning as a function of discriminability. Learning and Motivation, 4, 11-27.
61. Miller, N. Y., & Shettleworth, S. J. (2007). Learning about environmental geometry: An associative model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 191-212.
62. Miller, N. Y., & Shettleworth, S. J. (2008). An associative model of geometry learning: A modified choice rule. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 419-422.
63. Morris, R. G. M. (1981). Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues. Learning and Motivation, 12, 239-260.
64. Mueller, S. C., Jackson, C. P. T., & Skelton, R. W. (2008). Sex differences in a virtual water maze: An eye tracking and pupillometry study. Behavioural Brain Research, 193, 209-215.
65. Nardi, D., & Bingman, V. P. (2009). Pigeon (Columba livia) encoding of a goal location: The relative importance of shape geometry and slope information. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 123, 204-216.
66. Nardi, D., Newcombe, N. S., & Shipley, T. F. (2011). The world is not flat: Can people reorient using slope? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 354-367.
67. Nardi, D., Nitsch, K. P., & Bingman, V. P. (2010). Slope-driven goal location behavior in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 36, 430-442.
68. O'Keefe, J., & Nadel, L. (1978). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
69. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes (G. V. Anrep, Trans.). London, England: Oxford University Press.
70. Pearce, J. M. (2009). The 36th Sir Frederick Bartlett lecture: An associative analysis of spatial learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1665-1684.
71. Pearce, J. M., Esber, G. P., George, D. N., & Haselgrove, M. (2008). The nature of discrimination learning in pigeons. Learning & Behavior, 36, 188-199.
72. Pearce, J. M., Good, M. A., Jones, P. M., & McGregor, A. (2004). Transfer of spatial behavior between different environments: Implications for theories of spatial learning and for the role of the hippocampus in spatial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 30, 135-147. Pearce, J. M., Graham, M., Good, M. A., Jones, P. M., & McGregor, A. (2006). Potentiation, overshadowing, and blocking of spatial learning based on-the shape of the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 201-214.
73. Pearce, J. M., Graham, M., Good, M. A., Jones, P. M., & McGregor, A. (2006). Potentiation, overshadowing, and blocking of spatial learning based on-the shape of the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 201-214
74. Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980). A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 532-552.
75. Pearce, J. M., Roberts, A. D. L., & Good, M. (1998, November 5). Hippocampal lesions disrupt navigation based on cognitive maps but not heading vectors. Nature, 396, 75-77.
76. Peirce, J. W. (2007). Psychopy-Psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162, 8-13.
77. Pearce, J. M., Ward-Robinson, J., Good, M., Fussell, C., & Aydin, A. (2001). Influence of a beacon on spatial learning based on the shape of the test environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 329-344.
78. Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In R. L. Solo (Ed.), Information processing and cognition: The Loyola Symposium (pp. 55-85). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
79. Prados, J. (2011). Blocking and overshadowing in human geometry learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 121-126.
80. Prados, J., Redhead, E. S., & Pearce, J. M. (1999). Active preexposure enhances attention to the landmarks surrounding a Morris swimming pool. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 451-460.
81. Ratliff, K. R., & Newcombe, N. S. (2008). Is language necessary for human spatial reorientation? Reconsidering evidence from dual task paradigms. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 142-163.
82. Redhead, E. S., & Hamilton, D. A. (2007). Interaction between locale and taxon strategies in human spatial learning. Learning and Motivation, 38, 262-283.
83. Redhead, E. S., & Hamilton, D. A. (2009). Evidence of blocking with geometric cues in a virtual watermaze. Learning and Motivation, 40, 15-34.
84. Redhead, E. S., Hamilton, D. A., Parker, M. O., Chan, W., & Allison, C. (2013). Overshadowing of geometric cues by a beacon in a spatial navigation task. Learning & Behavior, 41, 179-191.
85. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 64-99). New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
86. Roberts, A. C., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1988). The effects of intradimensional and extradimensional shifts on visual-discrimination learning in humans and non-human primates. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 40, 321-341.
87. Roberts, A. D. L., & Pearce, J. M. (1998). Control of spatial behavior by an unstable landmark. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 24, 172-184.
88. Roberts, A. D. L., & Pearce, J. M. (1999). Blocking in the Morris swimming pool. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 225-235.
89. Rock, I., Wheeler, D., & Tudor, L. (1989). Can we imagine how objects look from other viewpoints? Cognitive Psychology, 21, 185-210. Sanchez-Moreno, J., Rodrigo, T., Chamizo, V. D., & Mackintosh, N. J. (1999). Overshadowing in the spatial domain. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 391-398.
90. Sanchez-Moreno, J., Rodrigo, T., Chamizo, V. D., & Mackintosh, N. J. (1999). Overshadowing in the spatial domain. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 391-398
91. Save, E., & Poucet, B. (2000). Involvement of the hippocampus and associative parietal cortex in the use of proximal and distal landmarks for navigation. Behavioural Brain Research, 109, 195-206.
92. Spelke, E. S., & Lee, S. A. (2012). Core systems of geometry in animal minds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367, 2784-2793.
93. Spence, K. W. (1940). Continuous versus non-continuous interpretations of discrimination learning. Psychological Review, 47, 271-288.
94. Spence, K. W. (1952). The nature of the response in discrimination learning. Psychological Review, 59, 89-93.
95. Stahlman, W. D., & Blaisdell, A. P. (2009). Blocking of spatial control by landmarks in rats. Behavioural Processes, 81, 114-118.
96. Stürzl, W., Cheung, A., Cheng, K., & Zeil, J. (2008). The information content of panoramic images I: The rotational errors and the similarity of views in rectangular experimental arenas. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 1-14.
97. Trobalon, J. B., Miguelez, D., McLaren, I. P. L., & Mackintosh, N. J. (2003). Intradimensional and extradimensional shifts in spatial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 143-152.
98. Wall, P. L., Botly, L. C. P., Black, C. K., & Shettleworth, S. J. (2004). The geometric module in the rat: Independence of shape and feature learning in a food finding task. Learning & Behavior, 32, 289-298.
99. Wallace, D. G., Hines, D. J., Pellis, S. M., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2002). Vestibular information is required for dead reckoning in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 10009-10017.
100. Wang, R. F., & Spelke, E. S. (2002). Human spatial representation: Insights from animals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 376-382.
101. White, N. M., & McDonald, R. J. (2002). Multiple parallel memory systems in the brain of the rat. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 77, 125-184.
102. Wilson, P. N., & Alexander, T. (2008). Blocking of spatial learning between enclosure geometry and a local landmark. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 1369-1376.
103. Wilson, P. N., & Alexander, T. (2010). Enclosure shape influences cue competition effects and goal location learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1552-1567.