The significance and regulatory mechanisms of innate immune cells in the development of sepsis

Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 2-15

  Luan, Ying Yi ^a   Dong, Ning ^a   Xie, Meng ^b   Xiao, Xian Zhong ^c   Yao, Yong Ming ^a  

^a CHINESE PLA GENERAL HOSPITAL   (China)

^b SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c Central South University   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CELL FUNCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HOMEOSTASIS; HOST; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGE; NATURAL KILLER T CELL; NEUTROPHIL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; SEPSIS; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; IMMUNOLOGY; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ANIMALS; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; SEPSIS; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 84892180781     PISSN: 10799907     EISSN: 15577465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0042     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Akdis M, Akdis CA. 2007. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119(4):780-791
2. Alves-Filho JC, Spiller F, Cunha FQ. 2010. Neutrophil paralysis in sepsis. Shock 34 Suppl 1:15-21
3. Amodio G, Renna M, Paladino S, Venturi C, Tacchetti C, Moltedo O, Franceschelli S, Mallardo M, Bonatti S, Remondelli P. 2009. Endoplasmic reticulum stress reduces the export from the ER and alters thearchitecture of post-ER compartments. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41(12):2511-2521
4. Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, Bollaert PE, Francois B, Korach JM, Capellier G, Cohen Y, Azoulay E, Troché G. 2002. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone onmortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 288(7):862-871
5. Bach JF. 2003. Regulatory T cells under scrutiny. Nat Rev Immunol 3(3):189-198
6. Banchereau J, Steinman RM. 1998. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392(6673):245-252
7. Banham AH. 2006. Cell-surface IL-7 receptor expression facilitates the purification of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Trends Immunol 27(12):541-544
8. Bendelac A, Savage PB, Teyton L. 2007. The biology of NKT cells. Annu Rev Immunol 25:297-336
9. Berzofsky JA, Terabe M. 2008. A novel immunoregulatory axis of NKT cell subsets regulating tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 57(11):1679-1683
10. Bravo R, Gutierrez T, Paredes F, Gatica D, Rodriguez AE, Pedrozo Z, Chiong M, Parra V, Quest AF, Rothermel BA. 2012. Endoplasmic reticulum: ER stress regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44(1):16-20
11. Chang KC, Unsinger J, Davis CG, Schwulst SJ, Muenzer JT, Strasser A, Hotchkiss RS. 2007. Multiple triggers of cell death in sepsis: Death receptor and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. FASEB J 21(3):708-719
12. Cherwinski HM, Schumacher JH, Brown KD, Mosmann TR. 1987. Two types of mouse helper T cell clone. III. Further differences in lymphokine synthesis between Th1 and Th2 clones revealed by RNA hybridization, functionally monospecific bioassays, and monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med 166(5):1229-1244
13. Chuang KI, Leung B, Hsu N, Harris HW. 2011. Heparin protects against septic mortality via apoE-Antagonism. Am J Surg 202(3):325-335
14. Chung CS, Xu YX, Wang W, Chaudry IH, Ayala A. 1998. Is Fas ligand or endotoxin responsible for mucosal lymphocyte apoptosis in sepsis. Arch Surg 133(11):1213-1220
15. Coffman RL. 2006. Origins of the T(H)1-T(H)2 model: A personal perspective. Nat Immunol 7(6):539-541
16. Cohen J. 2002. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 420(6917):885-891
17. Drifte G, Dunn-Siegrist I, Tissieres P, Pugin J. 2013. Innate immune functions of immature neutrophils in patients with sepsis and severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit Care Med 41(3):820-832
18. Efron P, Moldawer LL. 2003. Sepsis and the dendritic cell. Shock 20(5):386-401
19. Fadeel B, Orrenius S. 2005. Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in human disease. J Intern Med 258(6):479-517
20. Fontenot JD, Rasmussen JP, Williams LM, Dooley JL, Farr AG, Rudensky AY. 2005. Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factorfoxp3. Immunity 22(3): 329-341
21. Fujita S, Seino K, Sato K, Sato Y, Eizumi K, Yamashita N, Taniguchi M, Sato K. 2006. Regulatory dendritic cells act as regulators of acute lethal systemic inflammatory response. Blood 107(9):3656-3664
22. Fusakio ME, Mohammed JP, Laumonnier Y, Hoebe K, Kohl J, Mattner J. 2011. C5a regulates NKT and NK cell functions in sepsis. J Immunol 187(11):5805-5812
23. Gautam A, Dixit S, Embers M, Gautam R, Philipp MT, Singh SR, Morici L, Dennis VA. 2012. Different patterns of expression and of IL-10 modulation of inflammatory mediators from macrophages of Lyme disease-resistant and -susceptible mice. PLoS One 7(9):e43860
24. Gehrie E, Van der Touw W, Bromberg JS, Ochando JC. 2011. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in tolerance. Methods Mol Biol 677:127-147
25. Ghazal P, Dickinson P, Smith CL. 2013. Early life response to infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 26:213-218
26. Godfrey DI, MacDonald HR, Kronenberg M, Smyth MJ, Van Kaer L. 2004. NKT cells: What's in a name. Nat Rev Immunol 4(3):231-237
27. Halder RC, Aguilera C, Maricic I, Kumar V. 2007. Type II NKT cell-mediated anergy induction in type I NKT cells prevents inflammatory liver disease. J Clin Invest 117(8):2302-2312
28. Hanschen M, Tajima G, O'Leary F, Hoang K, Ikeda K, Lederer JA. 2012. Phospho-flow cytometry based analysis of differences in T cell receptor signaling between regulatory T cells and CD4+ T cells. J Immunol Methods 376(1-2):1-12
29. Hesse M, Piccirillo CA, Belkaid Y, Prufer J, Mentink-Kane M, Leusink M, Cheever AW, Shevach EM, Wynn TA. 2004. The pathogenesis of schistosomiasis is controlled by cooperating IL-10-producing innate effector and regulatory T cells. J Immunol 172(5):3157-3166
30. Heuer JG, Zhang T, Zhao J, Ding C, Cramer M, Justen KL, Vonderfecht SL, Na S. 2005. Adoptive transfer of in vitrostimulated CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells increases bacterial clearance and improves survival in polymicrobial sepsis. J Immunol 174(11):7141-7146
31. Hiraki S, Ono S, Tsujimoto H, Kinoshita M, Takahata R, Miyazaki H, Saitoh D, Hase K. 2012. Neutralization of interleukin-10 or transforming growth factor-beta decreases the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in septic mice, thereby leading to an improved survival. Surgery 151(2): 313-322
32. Hirsiger S, Simmen HP, Werner CM, Wanner GA, Rittirsch D. 2012. Danger signals activating the immune response after trauma. Mediators Inflamm 2012:315941
33. Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Knudson CM, Chang KC, Cobb JP, Osborne DF, et al. 1999. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in transgenic mice decreases apoptosis and improves survival in sepsis. J Immunol 162(7):4148-4156
34. Huang HW, Tang JL, Han XH, Peng YP, Qiu YH. 2013. Lymphocyte-derived catecholamines induce a shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization. Neuroimmunomodulation 20(1):1-8
35. Inoue S, Sato T, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Komori Y, Hozumi K, Chiba T, Yahata T, Nakai K, Inokuchi S. 2013. Sepsis-induced hypercytokinemia and lymphocyte apoptosis in aging-Accelerated Klotho knockout mice. Shock 39(3):311-316
36. Jager A, Kuchroo VK. 2010. Effector and regulatory T-cell subsets in autoimmunity and tissue inflammation. Scand J Immunol 72(3):173-184
37. Jiang W, Bell CW, Pisetsky DS. 2007. The relationship between apoptosis and high-mobility group protein 1 release frommurine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide orpolyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. J Immunol 178(10):6495-6503
38. Jimbo A, Fujita E, Kouroku Y, Ohnishi J, Inohara N, Kuida K, Sakamaki K, Yonehara S, Momoi T. 2003. ER stress induces caspase-8 activation, stimulating cytochrome release andcaspase-9 activation. Exp Cell Res 283(2):156-166
39. Jonuleit H, Schmitt E, Stassen M, Tuettenberg A, Knop J, Enk AH. 2001. Identification and functional characterization of human CD4 +CD25+ T cells with regulatory properties isolated from peripheral blood. J Exp Med 193(11):1285-1294
40. Kadowaki N, Ho S, Antonenko S, Malefyt RW, Kastelein RA, Bazan F, Liu YJ. 2001. Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different Toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med 194(6):863-869
41. Kasten KR, Tschop J, Adediran SG, Hildeman DA, Caldwell CC. 2010. T cells are potent early mediators of the host response to sepsis. Shock 34(4):327-336
42. Kockara A, Kayatas M. 2013. Renal cell apoptosis and new treatment options in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 35(2):291-294
43. Kumar A, Kumar A, Michael P, Brabant D, Parissenti AM, Ramana CV, Xu X, Parrillo JE. 2005. Human serum from patients with septic shock activates transcription factorsSTAT1, IRF1, and NF-kappaB and induces apoptosis in human cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 280(52):42619-42626
44. Lall H, Coughlan K, Sumbayev VV. 2008. HIF-1alpha protein is an essential factor for protection of myeloid cells against LPSinduced depletion of ATP and apoptosis that supports Tolllike receptor4-mediated production of IL-6. Mol Immunol 45(11):3045-3049
45. Lang JD, Matute-Bello G. 2009. Lymphocytes, apoptosis and sepsis: Making the jump from mice to humans. Crit Care 13(1):109
46. Larroche C, Mouthon L. 2004. Pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Autoimmun Rev 3(2):69-75
47. Laudanski K. 2012. Adoptive transfer of naive dendritic cells in resolving post-sepsis long-Term immunosuppression. Med Hypotheses 79(4):478-480
48. Lehmann C, Kianian M, Zhou J, Kuster I, Kuschnereit R, Whynot S, Hung O, Shukla R, Johnston B, Cerny V, Pavlovic D, Spassov A, Kelly ME. 2012. Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation reduces intestinal leukocyte recruitment and systemic inflammatory mediator release in acute experimental sepsis. Crit Care 16(2):R47
49. Li D, Song L, Fan Y, Li X, Li Y, Chen J, Zhu F, Guo C, Shi Y, Zhang L. 2009. Down-regulation of TIPE2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 133(3):422-427
50. Liu QY, Yao YM, Yu Y, Dong N, Sheng ZY. 2011a. Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate postburn sepsis via inhibiting negative immunoregulation of CD4+ CD25high T cells. PLoS One 6(6):e19811
51. Liu QY, Yao YM, Zhang SW, Yan YH, Wu X. 2011b. Naturally existing CD11clowCD45RBhigh dendritic cells protect mice from acute severe inflammatory response induced by thermal injury. Immunobiology 216(1-2):47-53
52. Liu Y, Teige A, Mondoc E, Ibrahim S, Holmdahl R, Issazadeh-Navikas S. 2011c. Endogenous collagen peptide activation of CD1d-restricted NKT cells ameliorates tissue-specific inflammation in mice. J Clin Invest 121(1):249-264
53. Lotze MT, Tracey KJ. 2005. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): Nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal. Nat Rev Immunol 5(4):331-342
54. Luan YY, Yao YM, Sheng ZY. 2012. Update on the immunological pathway of negative regulation in acute insults and sepsis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 32(7):288-298
55. Luan YY, Yao YM, Zhang L, Dong N, Zhang QH, Yu Y, Sheng ZY. 2011. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-Alpha induced protein 8 like-2 contributes to the immunosuppressive property of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice. Mol Immunol 49(1-2):219-226
56. Ma T, Han L, Gao Y, Li L, Shang X, Hu W, Xue C. 2008. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis signal pathway is involved in sepsis-induced abnormal lymphocyte apoptosis. Eur Surg Res 41(2):219-225
57. MacConmara MP, Maung AA, Fujimi S, McKenna AM, Delisle A, Lapchak PH, Rogers S, Lederer JA, Mannick JA. 2006. Increased CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cell activity in trauma patients depresses protective Th1 immunity. Ann Surg 244(4): 514-523
58. Matsuda N, Teramae H, Futatsugi M, Takano K, Yamamoto S, Tomita K, Suzuki T, Yokoo H, Koike K, Hattori Y. 2010. Upregulation of histamine H4 receptors contributes to splenic apoptosis inseptic mice: Counteraction of the antiapoptotic action of nuclear factor-kappaB. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 332(3): 730-737
59. Miller AC, Rashid RM, Elamin EM. 2007. The ''T'' in trauma: The helper T-cell response and the role of immunomodulation in trauma and burn patients. J Trauma 63(6):1407-1417
60. Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O' Garra A. 2001. Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 19:683-765
61. Nagarajan NA, Kronenberg M. 2007. Invariant NKT cells amplify the innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 178(5):2706-2713
62. Nakae S, Nambu A, Sudo K, Iwakura Y. 2003. Suppression of immune induction of collagen-induced arthritis in IL-17-deficient mice. J Immunol 171(11):6173-6177
63. Nolan A, Kobayashi H, Naveed B, Kelly A, Hoshino Y, Hoshino S, Karulf MR, Rom WN, Weiden MD, Gold JA. 2009. Differential role for CD80 and CD86 in the regulation of the innate immune response in murine polymicrobial sepsis. PLoS One 4(8):e6600
64. Novotny AR, Reim D, Assfalg V, Altmayr F, Friess HM, Emmanuel K, Holzmann B. 2012. Mixed antagonist response and sepsis severity-dependent dysbalance of pro-And antiinflammatory responses at the onset of postoperative sepsis. Immunobiology 217(6):616-621
65. Oakes SA, Lin SS, Bassik MC. 2006. The control of endoplasmic reticulum-initiated apoptosis by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Curr Mol Med 6(1):99-109
66. Oberholzer A, Oberholzer C, Moldawer LL. 2001. Sepsis syndromes: Understanding the role of innate and acquired immunity. Shock 16(2):83-96
67. Ono S, Kimura A, Hiraki S, Takahata R, Tsujimoto H, Kinoshita M, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto J, Hase K, Saitoh D. 2013. Removal of increased circulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with septic shock using hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fibers. Surgery 153(2):262-271
68. Parekh VV, Wilson MT, Olivares-Villagomez D, Singh AK, Wu L, Wang CR, Joyce S, Van Kaer L. 2005. Glycolipid antigen induces long-Term natural killer T cell anergy in mice. J Clin Invest 115(9):2572-2583
69. Pastille E, Didovic S, Brauckmann D, Rani M, Agrawal H, Schade FU, Zhang Y, Flohe SB. 2011b. Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation in the bone marrow mediates sustained immunosuppression after polymicrobial sepsis. J Immunol 186(2):977-986
70. Pene F, Courtine E, Ouaaz F, Zuber B, Sauneuf B, Sirgo G, Rousseau C, Toubiana J, Balloy V, et al. 2009. Toll-like re-ceptors 2 and 4 contribute to sepsis-induced depletion of spleen dendritic cells. Infect Immun 77(12):5651-5658
71. Peng Y, Laouar Y, Li MO, Green EA, Flavell RA. 2004. TGF-beta regulates in vivo expansion of Foxp3-expressing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells responsible for protection against diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(13):4572-4577
72. Prakash PS, Caldwell CC, Lentsch AB, Pritts TA, Robinson BR. 2012. Human microparticles generated during sepsis in patients with critical illness are neutrophil-derived and modulate the immune response. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 73(2): 401-406; discussion 406-407
73. Prasad AS. 2007. Zinc: Mechanisms of host defense. J Nutr 137(5):1345-1349
74. Sagar D, Lamontagne A, Foss CA, Khan ZK, Pomper MG, Jain P. 2012. Dendritic cell CNS recruitment correlates with disease severity in EAE via CCL2chemotaxis at the blood-brain barrier through paracellular transmigration and ERK activation. J Neuroinflammation 9:245
75. Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M. 1995. Immunologic self-Tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-Tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 155(3):1151-1164
76. Sakaguchi S, Setoguchi R, Yagi H, Nomura T. 2006. Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in self-Tolerance and autoimmune disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 305:51-66
77. Schwandt T, Schumak B, Gielen GH, Jüngerkes F, Schmidbauer P, Klocke K, Staratschek-Jox A, van Rooijen N, Kraal G, Ludwig-Portugall I, Franken L, Wehner S, Kalff JC, Weber O, Kirschning C, Coch C, Kalinke U, Wenzel J, Kurts C, Zawatzky R, Holzmann B, Layland L, Schultze JL, Burgdorf S, den Haan JM, Knolle PA, Limmer A. 2012. Expression of type I interferon by splenic macrophages suppresses adaptive immunity during sepsis. EMBO J 31(1):201-213
78. Schwulst SJ, Muenzer JT, Peck-Palmer OM, Chang KC, Davis CG, McDonough JS, Osborne DF, Walton AH, Unsinger J, McDunn JE, Hotchkiss RS. 2008. Bim siRNA decreases lymphocyte apoptosis and improves survival in sepsis. Shock 30(2):127-134
79. Shinkai K, Mohrs M, Locksley RM. 2002. Helper T cells regulate type-2 innate immunity in vivo. Nature 420(6917):825-829
80. Silva JM, Dos SSS. 2013. Sepsis in AIDS patients: Clinical, etiological and inflammatory characteristics. J Int AIDS Soc 16:17344
81. Souza HP, Lima-Salgado T, da CNLM. 2010. Toll-like receptors in sepsis: A tale still being told. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 10(3):285-291
82. Sun H, Gong S, Carmody RJ, Hilliard A, Li L, Sun J, Kong L, Xu L, Hilliard B, Hu S, Shen H, Yang X, Chen YH. 2008. TIPE2, a negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity that maintains immune homeostasis. Cell 133(3):415-426
83. Sun JC, Lanier LL. 2009. Natural killer cells remember: An evolutionary bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Eur J Immunol 39(8):2059-2064
84. Tatura R, Zeschnigk M, Adamzik M, Probst-Kepper M, Buer J, Kehrmann J. 2012. Quantification of regulatory T cells in septic patients by real-Time PCR-based methylation assay and flow cytometry. PLoS One 7(11):e49962
85. Tschop J, Dattilo JR, Prakash PS, Kasten KR, Tschop MH, Caldwell CC. 2010. The leptin system: A potential target for sepsis induced immune suppression. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 10(4):336-347
86. Tschop J, Kasten KR, Nogueiras R, Goetzman HS, Cave CM, England LG, Dattilo J, Lentsch AB, Tschöp MH, Caldwell CC. 2009. The cannabinoid receptor 2 is critical for the host response to sepsis. J Immunol 183(1):499-505
87. Tschop J, Martignoni A, Goetzman HS, Choi LG, Wang Q, Noel JG, Ogle CK, Pritts TA, Johannigman JA, Lentsch AB, Caldwell CC. 2008. Gammadelta T cells mitigate the organ injury and mortality of sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 83(3):581-588
88. Tuting T, DeLeo AB, Lotze MT, Storkus WJ. 1997. Genetically modified bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressing tumor-Associated viral or ''self'' antigens induce antitumor immunity in vivo. Eur J Immunol 27(10):2702-2707
89. Unnewehr H, Rittirsch D, Sarma JV, Zetoune F, Flierl MA, Perl M, Denk S, Weiss M, Schneider ME, Monk PN, Neff T, Mihlan M, Barth H, Gebhard F, Ward PA, Huber-Lang M. 2013. Changes and regulation of the C5a receptor on neutrophils during septic shock in humans. J Immunol 190:4215-4225
90. Unsinger J, McGlynn M, Kasten KR, Hoekzema AS, Watanabe E, Muenzer JT, McDonough JS, Tschoep J, Ferguson TA, McDunn JE, Morre M, Hildeman DA, Caldwell CC, Hotchkiss RS. 2010. IL-7 promotes T cell viability, trafficking, and functionality and improves survival in sepsis. J Immunol 184(7):3768-3779
91. Van Kaer L. 2004. Regulation of immune responses by CD1drestricted natural killer T cells. Immunol Res 30(2):139-153
92. Venet F, Pachot A, Debard AL, Bohe J, Bienvenu J, Lepape A, Powell WS, Monneret G. 2006. Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte survival through a Fas/Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 177(9):6540-6547
93. Wakkach A, Fournier N, Brun V, Breittmayer JP, Cottrez F, Groux H. 2003. Characterization of dendritic cells that induce tolerance and T regulatory 1 cell differentiation in vivo. Immunity 18(5):605-617
94. Wang DW, Zhou RB, Yao YM, Zhu XM, Yin YM, Zhao GJ, Dong N, Sheng ZY. 2010. Stimulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nicotine increases suppressive capacity of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 335(3):553-561
95. Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S, Borovikova L, Manogue KR, Faist E, Abraham E, Andersson J, Andersson U, Molina PE, Abumrad NN, Sama A, Tracey KJ. 1999. HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science 285(5425): 248-251
96. Wang H, Christensen DJ, Vitek MP, Sullivan PM, Laskowitz DT. 2009. APOE genotype affects outcome in a murine model of sepsis: Implications for a new treatment strategy. Anaesth Intensive Care 37(1):38-45
97. Wang H, Zhu S, Zhou R, Li W, Sama AE. 2008. Therapeutic potential of HMGB1-Targeting agents in sepsis. Expert Rev Mol Med 10:e32
98. Wang YY, Ryg U, Dahle MK, Steffensen KR, Thiemermann C, Chaudry IH, Reinholt FP, Collins JL, Nebb HI, Aasen AO, Gustafsson JA, Wang JE. 2011. Liver X receptor protects against liver injury in sepsis caused by rodent cecal ligation and puncture. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 12(4):283-289
99. Weaver CT, Hatton RD, Mangan PR, Harrington LE. 2007. IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages. Annu Rev Immunol 25:821-852
100. Weber SU, Schewe JC, Lehmann LE, Muller S, Book M, Klaschik S, Hoeft A, Stuber F. 2008. Induction of Bim and Bid gene expression during accelerated apoptosis in severe sepsis. Crit Care 12(5):R128
101. Wesche-Soldato DE, Chung CS, Lomas-Neira J, Doughty LA, Gregory SH, Ayala A. 2005. In vivo delivery of caspase-8 or Fas siRNA improves the survival of septic mice. Blood 106(7):2295-2301
102. Wu L, Gabriel CL, Parekh VV, Van Kaer L. 2009. Invariant natural killer T cells: Innate-like T cells with potent immunomodulatory activities. Tissue Antigens 73(6):535-545
103. Yang X, Jiang X, Chen G, Xiao Y, Geng S, Kang C, Zhou T, Li Y, Guo X, Xiao H, Hou C, Wang R, Lin Z, Li X, Feng J, Ma Y, Shen B, Li Y, Han G. 2013. T cell Ig mucin-3 promotes homeostasis of sepsis by negatively regulating the TLR response. J Immunol 190(5):2068-2079
104. Yao YM, Redl H, Bahrami S, Schlag G. 1998. The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-Associated multiple organ failure. Inflamm Res 47(5):201-210
105. Zhang LT, Yao YM, Yao FH, Huang LF, Dong N, Yu Y, Sheng ZY. 2010. Association between high-mobility group box-1 protein release and immune function of dendritic cells in thermal injury. J Interferon Cytokine Res 30(7):487-495
106. Zhang X, Wang J, Fan C, Li H, Sun H, Gong S, Chen YH, Shi Y. 2009. Crystal structure of TIPE2 provides insights into immune homeostasis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16(1):89-90
107. Zhao GJ, Lu ZQ, Tang LM, Wu ZS, Wang DW, Zheng JY, Qiu QM. 2012. Curcumin inhibits suppressive capacity of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 14(1):99-106
108. Zheng D, Sun Q, Su Z, Kong F, Shi X, Tong J, Shen P, Peng T, Wang S, Xu H. 2013. Enhancing specific-Antibody production to the rag B vaccine with GITRL that expand Tfh, IFN-gamma (+) T cells and attenuates porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice. PLoS One 8(4):e59604
109. Zhu XM, Yao FH, Yao YM, Dong N, Yu Y, Sheng ZY. 2012. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and its regulator XBP-1 contributes to dendriticcell maturation and activation induced by high mobility group box-1 protein. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44(7):1097-1105
110. Zhu XM, Yao YM, Liang HP, Liu F, Dong N, Yu Y, Sheng ZY. 2009a. Effect of high mobility group box-1 protein on apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys 492(1-2):54-61
111. Zhu XM, Yao YM, Liang HP, Xu S, Dong N, Yu Y, Sheng ZY. 2009b. The effect of high mobility group box-1 protein on splenic dendritic cell maturation in rats. J Interferon Cytokine Res 29(10):677-686.