메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 69-78

Pan-Amyloid Oligomer Specific scFv Antibody Attenuates Memory Deficits and Brain Amyloid Burden in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Immunotherapy; Memory deficit; Oligomer; Single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; OLIGOMER; SINGLE CHAIN FRAGMENT VARIABLE ANTIBODY; SINGLE CHAIN FRAGMENT VARIABLE ANTIBODY W20; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84891795977     PISSN: 15672050     EISSN: 18755828     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/15672050113106660176     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 68149162581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble fibrillar oligomer levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease brain and correlate with cognitive dysfunction
    • Tomic JL, Pensalfini A, Head E, Glabe CG. Soluble fibrillar oligomer levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease brain and correlate with cognitive dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 35: 352-358 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurobiol Dis , vol.35 , pp. 352-358
    • Tomic, J.L.1    Pensalfini, A.2    Head, E.3    Glabe, C.G.4
  • 2
    • 0037456578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of highly soluble oligomers of alphasynuclein is regulated by fatty acids and enhanced in Parkinson's disease
    • Sharon R, Bar-Joseph I, Frosch MP, Walsh DM, Hamilton JA, Selkoe DJ. The formation of highly soluble oligomers of alphasynuclein is regulated by fatty acids and enhanced in Parkinson's disease. Neuron 37: 583-595 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 583-595
    • Sharon, R.1    Bar-Joseph, I.2    Frosch, M.P.3    Walsh, D.M.4    Hamilton, J.A.5    Selkoe, D.J.6
  • 3
    • 57049090817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An emerging concept of prion infections as a form of transmissible cerebral amyloidosis
    • Lupi O, Peryassu MA. An emerging concept of prion infections as a form of transmissible cerebral amyloidosis. Prion 1: 223-227 (2007).
    • (2007) Prion , vol.1 , pp. 223-227
    • Lupi, O.1    Peryassu, M.A.2
  • 4
    • 0345701297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligomeric and polymeric aggregates formed by proteins containing expanded polyglutamine
    • Iuchi S, Hoffner G, Verbeke P, Djian P, Green H. Oligomeric and polymeric aggregates formed by proteins containing expanded polyglutamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 2409-2414 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 2409-2414
    • Iuchi, S.1    Hoffner, G.2    Verbeke, P.3    Djian, P.4    Green, H.5
  • 5
    • 76149102617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for proteotoxicity in beta cells in type 2 diabetes: Toxic islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers form intracellularly in the secretory pathway
    • Gurlo T, Ryazantsev S, Huang CJ, Yeh MW, Reber HA, Hines OJ, et al. Evidence for proteotoxicity in beta cells in type 2 diabetes: toxic islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers form intracellularly in the secretory pathway. Am J Pathol 176: 861-869 (2010).
    • (2010) Am J Pathol , vol.176 , pp. 861-869
    • Gurlo, T.1    Ryazantsev, S.2    Huang, C.J.3    Yeh, M.W.4    Reber, H.A.5    Hines, O.J.6
  • 6
    • 84984755327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A beta peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Morgan D, Diamond DM, Gottschall PE, Ugen KE, Dickey C, Hardy J, et al. A beta peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 408(6815): 982- 985 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , Issue.6815 , pp. 982-985
    • Morgan, D.1    Diamond, D.M.2    Gottschall, P.E.3    Ugen, K.E.4    Dickey, C.5    Hardy, J.6
  • 7
    • 84655160770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease': Immunotherapy approaches
    • Delrieu J, Ousset PJ, Caillaud C, Vellas B. 'Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease': immunotherapy approaches. J Neurochem 120(1): 186-93 (2012).
    • (2012) J Neurochem , vol.120 , Issue.1 , pp. 186-193
    • Delrieu, J.1    Ousset, P.J.2    Caillaud, C.3    Vellas, B.4
  • 8
    • 79960359900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccines: Chasing the dream
    • Schnabel J. Vaccines: chasing the dream. Nature 475: S18-S19 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.475
    • Schnabel, J.1
  • 9
    • 36749078121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibril specific, conformation dependent antibodies recognize a generic epitope common to amyloid fibrils and fibrillar oligomers that is absent in prefibrillar oligomers
    • Kayed R, Head E, Sarsoza F, Saing T, Cotman CW, Necula M, et al. Fibril specific, conformation dependent antibodies recognize a generic epitope common to amyloid fibrils and fibrillar oligomers that is absent in prefibrillar oligomers. Mol Neurodegener 2: 18 (2007).
    • (2007) Mol Neurodegener , vol.2 , pp. 18
    • Kayed, R.1    Head, E.2    Sarsoza, F.3    Saing, T.4    Cotman, C.W.5    Necula, M.6
  • 10
    • 63249103989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annular protofibrils are a structurally and functionally distinct type of amyloid oligomer
    • Kayed R, Pensalfini A, Margol L, Sokolov Y, Sarsoza F, Head E, et al. Annular protofibrils are a structurally and functionally distinct type of amyloid oligomer. J Biol Chem 284: 4230-4237 (2009).
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 4230-4237
    • Kayed, R.1    Pensalfini, A.2    Margol, L.3    Sokolov, Y.4    Sarsoza, F.5    Head, E.6
  • 11
    • 80054754517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformation-dependent scFv antibodies specifically recognize the oligomers assembled from various amyloids and show colocalization of amyloid fibrils with oligomers in patients with amyloidoses
    • Zhang X, Sun XX, Xue D, Liu DG, Hu XY, Zhao M, et al. Conformation-dependent scFv antibodies specifically recognize the oligomers assembled from various amyloids and show colocalization of amyloid fibrils with oligomers in patients with amyloidoses. Biochim Biophys Acta 1814: 1703-1712 (2011).
    • (2011) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1814 , pp. 1703-1712
    • Zhang, X.1    Sun, X.X.2    Xue, D.3    Liu, D.G.4    Hu, X.Y.5    Zhao, M.6
  • 12
    • 0242668337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis
    • Kayed R, Head E, Thompson JL, McIntire TM, Milton SC, Cotman CW, et al. Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300: 486-489 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 486-489
    • Kayed, R.1    Head, E.2    Thompson, J.L.3    McIntire, T.M.4    Milton, S.C.5    Cotman, C.W.6
  • 13
    • 81855168402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abeta1-16 Can Aggregate and Induce the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Inflammatory Cytokines
    • Du XT, Wang L, Wang YJ, Andreasen M, Zhan DW, Feng Y, et al. Abeta1-16 Can Aggregate and Induce the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Inflammatory Cytokines. J Alzheimers Dis 27: 401-413 (2011).
    • (2011) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.27 , pp. 401-413
    • Du, X.T.1    Wang, L.2    Wang, Y.J.3    Andreasen, M.4    Zhan, D.W.5    Feng, Y.6
  • 14
    • 58649093288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformation-dependent single-chain variable fragment antibodies specifically recognize beta-amyloid oligomers
    • Wang XP, Zhang JH, Wang YJ, Feng Y, Zhang X, Sun XX, et al. Conformation-dependent single-chain variable fragment antibodies specifically recognize beta-amyloid oligomers. FEBS Lett 583: 579-584 (2009).
    • (2009) FEBS Lett , vol.583 , pp. 579-584
    • Wang, X.P.1    Zhang, J.H.2    Wang, Y.J.3    Feng, Y.4    Zhang, X.5    Sun, X.X.6
  • 16
    • 78650658901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse ecdysterones show different effects on amyloid-beta42 aggregation but all uniformly inhibit amyloid-beta42-induced cytotoxicity
    • Yang SG, Zhang X, Sun XS, Ling TJ, Feng Y, Du XY, et al. Diverse ecdysterones show different effects on amyloid-beta42 aggregation but all uniformly inhibit amyloid-beta42-induced cytotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 22: 107-117 (2010).
    • (2010) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.22 , pp. 107-117
    • Yang, S.G.1    Zhang, X.2    Sun, X.S.3    Ling, T.J.4    Feng, Y.5    Du, X.Y.6
  • 17
    • 14944378094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Certain inhibitors of synthetic amyloid betapeptide (Abeta) fibrillogenesis block oligomerization of natural Abeta and thereby rescue long-term potentiation
    • Walsh DM, Townsend M, Podlisny MB, Shankar GM, Fadeeva JV, El Agnaf O, et al. Certain inhibitors of synthetic amyloid betapeptide (Abeta) fibrillogenesis block oligomerization of natural Abeta and thereby rescue long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 25: 2455-2462 (2005).
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 2455-2462
    • Walsh, D.M.1    Townsend, M.2    Podlisny, M.B.3    Shankar, G.M.4    Fadeeva, J.V.5    El Agnaf, O.6
  • 18
    • 70449139880 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological effects produced by intracerebral injection of drugs in the conscious mouse
    • Haley TJ, McCormick WG. Pharmacological effects produced by intracerebral injection of drugs in the conscious mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 12: 12-15 (1957).
    • (1957) Br J Pharmacol Chemother , vol.12 , pp. 12-15
    • Haley, T.J.1    McCormick, W.G.2
  • 20
    • 33846461062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morris water maze: Procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory
    • Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nat Protoc 1: 848-858 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat Protoc , vol.1 , pp. 848-858
    • Vorhees, C.V.1    Williams, M.T.2
  • 21
    • 33847662852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: Lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid betapeptide
    • Haass C, Selkoe DJ. Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid betapeptide. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 101-112 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 101-112
    • Haass, C.1    Selkoe, D.J.2
  • 22
    • 78049290389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and biophysical features of both oligomer/fibril and cell membrane in amyloid cytotoxicity
    • Stefani M. Biochemical and biophysical features of both oligomer/fibril and cell membrane in amyloid cytotoxicity. FEBS J 277: 4602-4613 (2010).
    • (2010) FEBS J , vol.277 , pp. 4602-4613
    • Stefani, M.1
  • 23
    • 79955044494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble amyloid {beta}-protein dimers isolated from Alzheimer cortex directly induce Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuritic degeneration
    • Jin M, Shepardson N, Yang T, Chen G, Walsh D, Selkoe DJ. Soluble amyloid {beta}-protein dimers isolated from Alzheimer cortex directly induce Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuritic degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 5819-5824 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 5819-5824
    • Jin, M.1    Shepardson, N.2    Yang, T.3    Chen, G.4    Walsh, D.5    Selkoe, D.J.6
  • 24
    • 79952196722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular and intraneuronal HMW-AbetaOs represent a molecular basis of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease model mouse
    • Takamura A, Okamoto Y, Kawarabayashi T, Yokoseki T, Shibata M, Mouri A, et al. Extracellular and intraneuronal HMW-AbetaOs represent a molecular basis of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease model mouse. Mol Neurodegener 6: 20 (2011).
    • (2011) Mol Neurodegener , vol.6 , pp. 20
    • Takamura, A.1    Okamoto, Y.2    Kawarabayashi, T.3    Yokoseki, T.4    Shibata, M.5    Mouri, A.6
  • 25
    • 0033536163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-diseaselike pathology in the PDAPP mouse
    • Schenk D, Barbour R, Dunn W, Gordon G, Grajeda H, Guido T, et al. Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-diseaselike pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature 400: 173-177 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 173-177
    • Schenk, D.1    Barbour, R.2    Dunn, W.3    Gordon, G.4    Grajeda, H.5    Guido, T.6
  • 26
    • 20944448555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
    • Gilman S, Koller M, Black RS, Jenkins L, Griffith SG, Fox NC, et al. Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial. Neurology 64: 1553-1562 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1553-1562
    • Gilman, S.1    Koller, M.2    Black, R.S.3    Jenkins, L.4    Griffith, S.G.5    Fox, N.C.6
  • 28
    • 2642578354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single chain variable fragments against beta-amyloid (Abeta) can inhibit Abeta aggregation and prevent abeta-induced neurotoxicity
    • Liu R, Yuan B, Emadi S, Zameer A, Schulz P, McAllister C, et al. Single chain variable fragments against beta-amyloid (Abeta) can inhibit Abeta aggregation and prevent abeta-induced neurotoxicity. Biochemistry 43: 6959-6967 (2004).
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 6959-6967
    • Liu, R.1    Yuan, B.2    Emadi, S.3    Zameer, A.4    Schulz, P.5    McAllister, C.6
  • 29
    • 79958773791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anti-Abeta (amyloid beta) single-chain variable fragment prevents amyloid fibril formation and cytotoxicity by withdrawing Abeta oligomers from the amyloid pathway
    • Marin-Argany M, Rivera-Hernandez G, Marti J, Villegas S. An anti-Abeta (amyloid beta) single-chain variable fragment prevents amyloid fibril formation and cytotoxicity by withdrawing Abeta oligomers from the amyloid pathway. Biochem J 437: 25-34 (2011).
    • (2011) Biochem J , vol.437 , pp. 25-34
    • Marin-Argany, M.1    Rivera-Hernandez, G.2    Marti, J.3    Villegas, S.4
  • 30
    • 77955175395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abeta-directed single-chain antibody delivery via a serotype-1 AAV vector improves learning behavior and pathology in Alzheimer's disease mice
    • Ryan DA, Mastrangelo MA, Narrow WC, Sullivan MA, Federoff HJ, Bowers WJ. Abeta-directed single-chain antibody delivery via a serotype-1 AAV vector improves learning behavior and pathology in Alzheimer's disease mice. Mol Ther 18: 1471-1481 (2010).
    • (2010) Mol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 1471-1481
    • Ryan, D.A.1    Mastrangelo, M.A.2    Narrow, W.C.3    Sullivan, M.A.4    Federoff, H.J.5    Bowers, W.J.6
  • 31
    • 77957233161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular delivery of a single chain antibody gene prevents brain Abeta deposition and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Wang YJ, Gao CY, Yang M, Liu XH, Sun Y, Pollard A, et al. Intramuscular delivery of a single chain antibody gene prevents brain Abeta deposition and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 24: 1281-1293 (2010).
    • (2010) Brain Behav Immun , vol.24 , pp. 1281-1293
    • Wang, Y.J.1    Gao, C.Y.2    Yang, M.3    Liu, X.H.4    Sun, Y.5    Pollard, A.6
  • 33
    • 78650637178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta as a modulator of synaptic plasticity
    • Parihar MS, Brewer GJ. Amyloid-beta as a modulator of synaptic plasticity. J Alzheimers Dis 22: 741-763 (2010).
    • (2010) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.22 , pp. 741-763
    • Parihar, M.S.1    Brewer, G.J.2
  • 34
    • 67749122581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective natural antibodies to assemblies of amyloidogenic peptides decrease with normal aging and advancing Alzheimer's disease
    • Britschgi M, Olin CE, Johns HT, Takeda-Uchimura Y, LeMieux MC, Rufibach K, et al. Neuroprotective natural antibodies to assemblies of amyloidogenic peptides decrease with normal aging and advancing Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 12145-12150 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 12145-12150
    • Britschgi, M.1    Olin, C.E.2    Johns, H.T.3    Takeda-Uchimura, Y.4    Lemieux, M.C.5    Rufibach, K.6
  • 36
    • 70049083865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18-Month study of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of mild Alzheimer disease
    • Relkin NR, Szabo P, Adamiak B, Burgut T, Monthe C, Lent RW, et al. 18-Month study of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of mild Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging 30: 1728-1736 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurobiol Aging , vol.30 , pp. 1728-1736
    • Relkin, N.R.1    Szabo, P.2    Adamiak, B.3    Burgut, T.4    Monthe, C.5    Lent, R.W.6
  • 38
    • 78649745352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human intravenous immunoglobulin provides protection against Abeta toxicity by multiple mechanisms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Magga J, Puli L, Pihlaja R, Kanninen K, Neulamaa S, Malm T, et al. Human intravenous immunoglobulin provides protection against Abeta toxicity by multiple mechanisms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 7: 90 (2010).
    • (2010) J Neuroinflammation , vol.7 , pp. 90
    • Magga, J.1    Puli, L.2    Pihlaja, R.3    Kanninen, K.4    Neulamaa, S.5    Malm, T.6
  • 39
    • 78149424228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation targeting abnormal protein conformation reduces pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Goni F, Prelli F, Ji Y, Scholtzova H, Yang J, Sun Y, et al. Immunomodulation targeting abnormal protein conformation reduces pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 5: e13391 (2010).
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Goni, F.1    Prelli, F.2    Ji, Y.3    Scholtzova, H.4    Yang, J.5    Sun, Y.6
  • 41
    • 77955359909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation and therapeutic efficacy of highly oligomer-specific beta-amyloid antibodies
    • Hillen H, Barghorn S, Striebinger A, Labkovsky B, Muller R, Nimmrich V, et al. Generation and therapeutic efficacy of highly oligomer-specific beta-amyloid antibodies. J Neurosci 30: 10369-10379 (2010).
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 10369-10379
    • Hillen, H.1    Barghorn, S.2    Striebinger, A.3    Labkovsky, B.4    Muller, R.5    Nimmrich, V.6
  • 42
    • 79951931432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of amyloid-beta42 oligomer-specific monoclonal antibody improved memory performance in SAMP8 mice
    • Zhang Y, He JS, Wang X, Wang J, Bao FX, Pang SY, et al. Administration of amyloid-beta42 oligomer-specific monoclonal antibody improved memory performance in SAMP8 mice. J Alzheimers Dis 23: 551-561 (2011).
    • (2011) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.23 , pp. 551-561
    • Zhang, Y.1    He, J.S.2    Wang, X.3    Wang, J.4    Bao, F.X.5    Pang, S.Y.6
  • 43
    • 0037107177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Fc-mediated mechanisms are involved in clearance of amyloid-beta In vivo by immunotherapy
    • Bacskai BJ, Kajdasz ST, McLellan ME, Games D, Seubert P, Schenk D, et al. Non-Fc-mediated mechanisms are involved in clearance of amyloid-beta In vivo by immunotherapy. J Neurosci 22: 7873-7878 (2002).
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 7873-7878
    • Bacskai, B.J.1    Kajdasz, S.T.2    McLellan, M.E.3    Games, D.4    Seubert, P.5    Schenk, D.6
  • 44
    • 70349295278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-neurotoxicity relationships of amyloid beta-protein oligomers
    • Ono K, Condron MM, Teplow DB. Structure-neurotoxicity relationships of amyloid beta-protein oligomers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 14745-14750 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 14745-14750
    • Ono, K.1    Condron, M.M.2    Teplow, D.B.3
  • 45
    • 33845913216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular and extracellular functions of heat shock proteins: Repercussions in cancer therapy
    • Schmitt E, Gehrmann M, Brunet M, Multhoff G C. Garrido. Intracellular and extracellular functions of heat shock proteins: repercussions in cancer therapy. J Leuko Biol 81: 15-27 (2007).
    • (2007) J Leuko Biol , vol.81 , pp. 15-27
    • Schmitt, E.1    Gehrmann, M.2    Brunet, M.3    Multhoff, G.C.4
  • 46
    • 77955199612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat shock proteins: Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system
    • Stetler RA, Gan Y, Zhang W, Liou AK, Gao Y, Cao G, et al. Heat shock proteins: cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 92: 184-211 (2010).
    • (2010) Prog Neurobiol , vol.92 , pp. 184-211
    • Stetler, R.A.1    Gan, Y.2    Zhang, W.3    Liou, A.K.4    Gao, Y.5    Cao, G.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.