메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1518-1524

Astrocyte glutamine synthetase: Pivotal in health and disease

Author keywords

aminobutyric acid (GABA); Ammonia; Astrocyte; Glutamate; Glutamine; Glutamine Synthetase

Indexed keywords

2 OXOGLUTARIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ADENOSINE; AMMONIA; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE ISOENZYME 2; ASPARTIC ACID; CELL ENZYME; GLUTAMATE AMMONIA LIGASE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PYRUVIC ACID; VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER;

EID: 84887901113     PISSN: 03005127     EISSN: 14708752     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/BST20130237     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (179)

References (88)
  • 3
    • 2442488159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem of astrocyte identity
    • Kimelberg, H.K. (2004) The problem of astrocyte identity. Neurochem. Int. 45, 191-202
    • (2004) Neurochem. Int. , vol.45 , pp. 191-202
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1
  • 4
    • 77949546914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of mature mammalian astrocytes: A current view
    • Kimelberg, H.K. (2010) Functions of mature mammalian astrocytes: a current view. Neuroscientist 16, 79-106
    • (2010) Neuroscientist , vol.16 , pp. 79-106
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1
  • 5
    • 77952422253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in astrocyte morphology and physiology
    • Matyash, V. and Kettenmann, H. (2010) Heterogeneity in astrocyte morphology and physiology. Brain Res. Rev. 63, 2-10
    • (2010) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 2-10
    • Matyash, V.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 6
    • 77956226827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of neuronal-glial networking
    • Verkhratsky, A. (2010) Physiology of neuronal-glial networking. Neurochem. Int. 57, 332-343
    • (2010) Neurochem. Int. , vol.57 , pp. 332-343
    • Verkhratsky, A.1
  • 7
    • 77957021581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte heterogeneity: An underappreciated topic in neurobiology
    • Zhang, Y. and Barres, B.A. (2010) Astrocyte heterogeneity: an underappreciated topic in neurobiology. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 20, 588-594
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 588-594
    • Zhang, Y.1    Barres, B.A.2
  • 8
    • 84862657672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroglia at the crossroads of homoeostasis, metabolism and signalling: Evolution of the concept
    • art:e00087, doi:10.1042/AN20120019
    • Parpura, V. and Verkhratsky, A. (2012) Neuroglia at the crossroads of homoeostasis, metabolism and signalling: evolution of the concept. ASN NEURO 4, art:e00087, doi:10.1042/AN20120019
    • (2012) ASN NEURO 4
    • Parpura, V.1    Verkhratsky, A.2
  • 10
    • 77957028947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of astrocytes and their potential as therapeutic targets
    • Kimelberg, H.K. and Nedergaard, M. (2010) Functions of astrocytes and their potential as therapeutic targets. Neurotherapeutics 7, 338-353
    • (2010) Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , pp. 338-353
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Nedergaard, M.2
  • 11
    • 78751704020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where the thoughts dwell: The physiology of neuronal-glial "diffuse neural net"
    • Verkhratsky, A., Parpura, V. and Rodríguez, J.J. (2011) Where the thoughts dwell: the physiology of neuronal-glial "diffuse neural net". Brain Res. Rev. 66, 133-151
    • (2011) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.66 , pp. 133-151
    • Verkhratsky, A.1    Parpura, V.2    Rodríguez, J.J.3
  • 13
  • 14
    • 78149449524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia
    • Eroglu, C. and Barres, B.A. (2010) Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia. Nature 468, 223-231
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 223-231
    • Eroglu, C.1    Barres, B.A.2
  • 15
    • 67651036549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells
    • Kriegstein, A. and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2009) The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 32, 149-184
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.32 , pp. 149-184
    • Kriegstein, A.1    Alvarez-Buylla, A.2
  • 17
    • 79952576580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes as brain interoceptors
    • Gourine, A.V. and Kasparov, S. (2011) Astrocytes as brain interoceptors. Exp. Physiol. 96, 411-416
    • (2011) Exp. Physiol. , vol.96 , pp. 411-416
    • Gourine, A.V.1    Kasparov, S.2
  • 19
    • 84871325857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of astrocyte-derived purines in the modulation of sleep
    • Blutstein, T. and Haydon, P.G. (2013) The importance of astrocyte-derived purines in the modulation of sleep. Glia 61, 129-139
    • (2013) Glia , vol.61 , pp. 129-139
    • Blutstein, T.1    Haydon, P.G.2
  • 20
    • 0035001341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake
    • Danbolt, N.C. (2001) Glutamate uptake. Prog. Neurobiol. 65, 1-105
    • (2001) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.65 , pp. 1-105
    • Danbolt, N.C.1
  • 21
    • 77953613420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine signaling and function in glial cells
    • Boison, D., Chen, J.-F. and Fredholm, B.B. (2010) Adenosine signaling and function in glial cells. Cell Death Differ. 17, 1071-1082
    • (2010) Cell Death Differ. , vol.17 , pp. 1071-1082
    • Boison, D.1    Chen, J.-F.2    Fredholm, B.B.3
  • 23
    • 77952421764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter transporters expressed in glial cells as regulators of synapse function
    • Eulenburg, V. and Gomeza, J. (2010) Neurotransmitter transporters expressed in glial cells as regulators of synapse function. Brain Res. Rev. 63, 103-112
    • (2010) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 103-112
    • Eulenburg, V.1    Gomeza, J.2
  • 25
    • 34047098771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane currents and cytoplasmic sodium transients generated by glutamate transport in Bergmann glial cells
    • Kirischuk, S., Kettenmann, H. and Verkhratsky, A. (2007) Membrane currents and cytoplasmic sodium transients generated by glutamate transport in Bergmann glial cells. Pflügers Arch. 454, 245-252
    • (2007) Pflügers Arch. , vol.454 , pp. 245-252
    • Kirischuk, S.1    Kettenmann, H.2    Verkhratsky, A.3
  • 26
    • 84864065714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium dynamics: Another key to astroglial excitability?
    • Kirischuk, S., Parpura, V. and Verkhratsky, A. (2012) Sodium dynamics: another key to astroglial excitability? Trends Neurosci. 35, 497-506
    • (2012) Trends Neurosci , vol.35 , pp. 497-506
    • Kirischuk, S.1    Parpura, V.2    Verkhratsky, A.3
  • 27
    • 0025251185 scopus 로고
    • Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake
    • Szatkowski, M., Barbour, B. and Attwell, D. (1990) Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake. Nature 348, 443-446
    • (1990) Nature , vol.348 , pp. 443-446
    • Szatkowski, M.1    Barbour, B.2    Attwell, D.3
  • 28
    • 0025425558 scopus 로고
    • Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures
    • Kimelberg, H.K., Goderie, S.K., Higman, S., Pang, S. and Waniewski, R.A. (1990) Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures. J. Neurosci. 10, 1583-1591
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1583-1591
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Goderie, S.K.2    Higman, S.3    Pang, S.4    Waniewski, R.A.5
  • 29
    • 84867318753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protease activated receptor 1-induced glutamate release in cultured astrocytes is mediated by Bestrophin-1 channel but not by vesicular exocytosis
    • Oh, S.-J., Han, K.-S., Park, H., Woo, D.H., Kim, H.Y., Traynelis, S.F. and Lee, C.J. (2012) Protease activated receptor 1-induced glutamate release in cultured astrocytes is mediated by Bestrophin-1 channel but not by vesicular exocytosis. Mol. Brain 5, 38-38
    • (2012) Mol. Brain , vol.5 , pp. 38-38
    • Oh, S.-J.1    Han, K.-S.2    Park, H.3    Woo, D.H.4    Kim, H.Y.5    Traynelis, S.F.6    Lee, C.J.7
  • 31
    • 0033082865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of extracellular glutamate concentration in rat brain slices by cystine-glutamate exchange
    • Warr, O., Takahashi, M. and Attwell, D. (1999) Modulation of extracellular glutamate concentration in rat brain slices by cystine-glutamate exchange. J. Physiol. 514, 783-793
    • (1999) J. Physiol. , vol.514 , pp. 783-793
    • Warr, O.1    Takahashi, M.2    Attwell, D.3
  • 32
    • 0037440567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P2X7 receptor-mediated release of excitatory amino acids from astrocytes
    • Duan, S., Anderson, C.M., Keung, E.C., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. and Swanson, R.A. (2003) P2X7 receptor-mediated release of excitatory amino acids from astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 23, 1320-1328
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 1320-1328
    • Duan, S.1    Anderson, C.M.2    Keung, E.C.3    Chen, Y.4    Chen, Y.5    Swanson, R.A.6
  • 33
    • 0037531231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: A novel mechanism of glutamate release
    • Ye, Z.-C., Wyeth, M.S., Baltan-Tekkok, S. and Ransom, B.R. (2003) Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: a novel mechanism of glutamate release. J. Neurosci. 23, 3588-3596
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 3588-3596
    • Ye, Z.-C.1    Wyeth, M.S.2    Baltan-Tekkok, S.3    Ransom, B.R.4
  • 34
    • 36849085955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes
    • Malarkey, E.B. and Parpura, V. (2008) Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes. Neurochem. Int. 52, 142-154
    • (2008) Neurochem. Int. , vol.52 , pp. 142-154
    • Malarkey, E.B.1    Parpura, V.2
  • 35
    • 0026463206 scopus 로고
    • The glial cell glutamate uptake carrier countertransports pH-changing anions
    • Bouvier, M., Szatkowski, M., Amato, A. and Attwell, D. (1992) The glial cell glutamate uptake carrier countertransports pH-changing anions. Nature 360, 471-474
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 471-474
    • Bouvier, M.1    Szatkowski, M.2    Amato, A.3    Attwell, D.4
  • 36
    • 0030851529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net glutamate release from astrocytes is not induced by extracellular potassium concentrations attainable in brain
    • Longuemare, M.C. and Swanson, R.A. (1997) Net glutamate release from astrocytes is not induced by extracellular potassium concentrations attainable in brain. J. Neurochem. 69, 879-882
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.69 , pp. 879-882
    • Longuemare, M.C.1    Swanson, R.A.2
  • 37
    • 0027376769 scopus 로고
    • Nonvesicular release of neurotransmitter
    • Attwell, D., Barbour, B. and Szatkowski, M. (1993) Nonvesicular release of neurotransmitter. Neuron 11, 401-407
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 401-407
    • Attwell, D.1    Barbour, B.2    Szatkowski, M.3
  • 40
    • 34848821581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular glutamate concentration in hippocampal slice
    • Herman, M.A. and Jahr, C.E. (2007) Extracellular glutamate concentration in hippocampal slice. J. Neurosci. 27, 9736-9741
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 9736-9741
    • Herman, M.A.1    Jahr, C.E.2
  • 42
    • 0034161522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging extracellular waves of glutamate during calcium signaling in cultured astrocytes
    • Innocenti, B., Parpura, V. and Haydon, P.G. (2000) Imaging extracellular waves of glutamate during calcium signaling in cultured astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 20, 1800-1808
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 1800-1808
    • Innocenti, B.1    Parpura, V.2    Haydon, P.G.3
  • 43
    • 0033571462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline effects on pyruvate decarboxylation: Correlation with calcium signaling
    • Chen, Y. and Hertz, L. (1999) Noradrenaline effects on pyruvate decarboxylation: correlation with calcium signaling. J. Neurosci. Res. 58, 599-606
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.58 , pp. 599-606
    • Chen, Y.1    Hertz, L.2
  • 44
    • 70349151315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ -dependent glutamate release from astrocytes: Vesicular glutamate transporters and cytosolic glutamate levels
    • 2+ -dependent glutamate release from astrocytes: vesicular glutamate transporters and cytosolic glutamate levels. Glia 57, 1296-1305
    • (2009) Glia , vol.57 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Ni, Y.1    Parpura, V.2
  • 45
    • 1642355796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicular glutamate transporter-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes
    • Montana, V., Ni, Y., Sunjara, V., Hua, X. and Parpura, V. (2004) Vesicular glutamate transporter-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 24, 2633-2642
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 2633-2642
    • Montana, V.1    Ni, Y.2    Sunjara, V.3    Hua, X.4    Parpura, V.5
  • 48
    • 0037193463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glutamine commute: Take the N line and transfer to the A
    • Chaudhry, F.A., Reimer, R.J. and Edwards, R.H. (2002) The glutamine commute: take the N line and transfer to the A. J. Cell Biol. 157, 349-355
    • (2002) J. Cell Biol. , vol.157 , pp. 349-355
    • Chaudhry, F.A.1    Reimer, R.J.2    Edwards, R.H.3
  • 50
    • 84875161720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary origin of amino acid transporter families SLC32, SLC36 and SLC38 and physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects
    • Schioth, H.B., Roshanbin, S., Hägglund, M.G.A. and Fredriksson, R. (2013) Evolutionary origin of amino acid transporter families SLC32, SLC36 and SLC38 and physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects. Mol. Aspects Med. 34, 571-585
    • (2013) Mol. Aspects Med. , vol.34 , pp. 571-585
    • Schioth, H.B.1    Roshanbin, S.2    Hägglund, M.G.A.3    Fredriksson, R.4
  • 52
    • 34548565630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurotransmitter cycle and quantal size
    • Edwards, R.H. (2007) The neurotransmitter cycle and quantal size. Neuron 55, 835-858
    • (2007) Neuron , vol.55 , pp. 835-858
    • Edwards, R.H.1
  • 55
    • 84861009588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of glutamate transport evokes rapid glutamine release from perisynaptic astrocytes
    • Uwechue, N.M., Marx, M.-C., Chevy, Q. and Billups, B. (2012) Activation of glutamate transport evokes rapid glutamine release from perisynaptic astrocytes. J. Physiol. 590, 2317-2331
    • (2012) J. Physiol. , vol.590 , pp. 2317-2331
    • Uwechue, N.M.1    Marx, M.-C.2    Chevy, Q.3    Billups, B.4
  • 56
    • 84859772298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase regulate GABAergic synaptic strength in the spinal dorsal horn
    • Jiang, E., Yan, X. and Weng, H.-R. (2012) Glial glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase regulate GABAergic synaptic strength in the spinal dorsal horn. J. Neurochem. 121, 526-536
    • (2012) J. Neurochem. , vol.121 , pp. 526-536
    • Jiang, E.1    Yan, X.2    Weng, H.-R.3
  • 57
    • 80052787159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of GABA release from human astrocytes
    • Lee, M., McGeer, E.G. and McGeer, P.L. (2011) Mechanisms of GABA release from human astrocytes. Glia 59, 1600-1611
    • (2011) Glia , vol.59 , pp. 1600-1611
    • Lee, M.1    McGeer, E.G.2    McGeer, P.L.3
  • 58
    • 84856726283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Na+ concentration influences short-term plasticity of glutamate transporter-mediated currents in neocortical astrocytes
    • Unichenko, P., Myakhar, O. and Kirischuk, S. (2012) Intracellular Na+ concentration influences short-term plasticity of glutamate transporter-mediated currents in neocortical astrocytes. Glia 60, 605-614
    • (2012) Glia , vol.60 , pp. 605-614
    • Unichenko, P.1    Myakhar, O.2    Kirischuk, S.3
  • 59
    • 60449098799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain
    • Bosoi, C.R. and Rose, C.F. (2009) Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain. Metab. Brain Dis. 24, 95-102
    • (2009) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.24 , pp. 95-102
    • Bosoi, C.R.1    Rose, C.F.2
  • 61
    • 0023277382 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia
    • Cooper, A.J. and Plum, F. (1987) Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia. Physiol. Rev. 67, 440-519
    • (1987) Physiol. Rev. , vol.67 , pp. 440-519
    • Cooper, A.J.1    Plum, F.2
  • 63
    • 17844375087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide-induced tyrosine nitration and inactivation of hepatic glutamine synthetase in the rat
    • Görg, B., Wettstein, M., Metzger, S., Schliess, F. and Häussinger, D. (2005) Lipopolysaccharide-induced tyrosine nitration and inactivation of hepatic glutamine synthetase in the rat. Hepatology 41, 1065-1073
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Görg, B.1    Wettstein, M.2    Metzger, S.3    Schliess, F.4    Häussinger, D.5
  • 64
    • 29744437097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited capacity for ammonia removal by brain in chronic liver failure: Potential role of nitric oxide
    • Rose, C. and Felipo, V. (2005) Limited capacity for ammonia removal by brain in chronic liver failure: potential role of nitric oxide. Metab. Brain Dis. 20, 275-283
    • (2005) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 275-283
    • Rose, C.1    Felipo, V.2
  • 67
    • 79151472576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice: The management of hyperammonemia
    • Häberle, J. (2011) Clinical practice: the management of hyperammonemia. Eur. J. Pediatr. 170, 21-34
    • (2011) Eur. J. Pediatr. , vol.170 , pp. 21-34
    • Häberle, J.1
  • 68
    • 84865442957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-lowering strategies for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Rose, C.F. (2012) Ammonia-lowering strategies for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 92, 321-331
    • (2012) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.92 , pp. 321-331
    • Rose, C.F.1
  • 69
  • 71
    • 84879167632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transient upregulation of glutamine synthetase in the dentate gyrus is involved in epileptogenesis induced by amygdala kindling in the rat
    • Sun, H.-L., Zhang, S.-H., Zhong, K., Xu, Z.-H., Feng, B., Yu, J., Fang, Q., Wang, S., Wu, D.C., Zhang, J.M. and Chen, Z. (2013) A transient upregulation of glutamine synthetase in the dentate gyrus is involved in epileptogenesis induced by amygdala kindling in the rat. PLoS ONE 8, e66885
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Sun, H.-L.1    Zhang, S.-H.2    Zhong, K.3    Xu, Z.-H.4    Feng, B.5    Yu, J.6    Fang, Q.7    Wang, S.8    Wu, D.C.9    Zhang, J.M.10    Chen, Z.11
  • 72
    • 24144445671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unchanged glutamine synthetase activity and increased NMDA receptor density in epileptic human neocortex: Implications for the pathophysiology of epilepsy
    • Steffens, M., Huppertz, H.-J., Zentner, J., Chauzit, E. and Feuerstein, T.J. (2005) Unchanged glutamine synthetase activity and increased NMDA receptor density in epileptic human neocortex: implications for the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Neurochem. Int. 47, 379-384
    • (2005) Neurochem. Int. , vol.47 , pp. 379-384
    • Steffens, M.1    Huppertz, H.-J.2    Zentner, J.3    Chauzit, E.4    Feuerstein, T.J.5
  • 73
    • 84863983617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the treatment effect of baicalein on a model of Parkinsonian tremor and elucidation of the mechanism
    • Yu, X., He, G.-R., Sun, L., Lan, X., Shi, L.-L., Xuan, Z.-H. and Du, G.-H. (2012) Assessment of the treatment effect of baicalein on a model of Parkinsonian tremor and elucidation of the mechanism. Life Sci. 91, 5-13
    • (2012) Life Sci , vol.91 , pp. 5-13
    • Yu, X.1    He, G.-R.2    Sun, L.3    Lan, X.4    Shi, L.-L.5    Xuan, Z.-H.6    Du, G.-H.7
  • 77
    • 79960887452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent decrease in glutamine synthetase expression in the hippocampal astroglia of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model: Mechanism for deficient glutamatergic transmission?
    • Olabarria, M., Noristani, H.N., Verkhratsky, A. and Rodríguez, J.J. (2011) Age-dependent decrease in glutamine synthetase expression in the hippocampal astroglia of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model: mechanism for deficient glutamatergic transmission? Mol. Neurodegener. 6, 55
    • (2011) Mol. Neurodegener. , vol.6 , pp. 55
    • Olabarria, M.1    Noristani, H.N.2    Verkhratsky, A.3    Rodríguez, J.J.4
  • 78
    • 47349112101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase is decreased in schizophrenia
    • Steffek, A.E., McCullumsmith, R.E., Haroutunian, V. and Meador-Woodruff, J.H. (2008) Cortical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase is decreased in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 103, 71-82
    • (2008) Schizophr. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 71-82
    • Steffek, A.E.1    McCullumsmith, R.E.2    Haroutunian, V.3    Meador-Woodruff, J.H.4
  • 79
    • 0031919598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy
    • Lieth, E., Barber, A.J., Xu, B., Dice, C., Ratz, M.J., Tanase, D. and Strother, J.M. (1998) Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 47, 815-820
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 815-820
    • Lieth, E.1    Barber, A.J.2    Xu, B.3    Dice, C.4    Ratz, M.J.5    Tanase, D.6    Strother, J.M.7
  • 80
    • 70350732811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-dependent reduction of glutamine synthetase in retina of diabetic rats
    • Yu, X.-h., Zhang, H., Wang, Y.-h., Liu, L.-j., Teng, Y. and Liu, P. (2009) Time-dependent reduction of glutamine synthetase in retina of diabetic rats. Exp. Eye Res. 89, 967-971
    • (2009) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.89 , pp. 967-971
    • Yu, X.-H.1    Zhang, H.2    Wang, Y.-H.3    Liu, L.-J.4    Teng, Y.5    Liu, P.6
  • 81
    • 84871416764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic conditioning protects from axoglial alterations of the optic pathway induced by experimental diabetes in rats
    • Fernandez, D.C., Pasquini, L.A., Dorfman, D., Aldana, Marcos, H.J. and Rosenstein, R.E. (2012) Ischemic conditioning protects from axoglial alterations of the optic pathway induced by experimental diabetes in rats. PLoS ONE 7, e51966
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Fernandez, D.C.1    Pasquini, L.A.2    Dorfman, D.3    Aldana Marcos, H.J.4    Rosenstein, R.E.5
  • 85
    • 58549120972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered expression of genes involved in ATP biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral prefrontal cortex of suicides with and without major depression
    • Klempan, T.A., Sequeira, A., Canetti, L., Lalovic, A., Ernst, C., ffrench-Mullen, J. and Turecki, G. (2009) Altered expression of genes involved in ATP biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral prefrontal cortex of suicides with and without major depression. Mol. Psychiatry 14, 175-189
    • (2009) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 175-189
    • Klempan, T.A.1    Sequeira, A.2    Canetti, L.3    Lalovic, A.4    Ernst, C.5    Ffrench-Mullen, J.6    Turecki, G.7
  • 86
    • 79953174249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning on global brain ischemia in rats through upregulation of hippocampal glutamine synthetase
    • Zhang, W., Miao, Y., Zhou, S., Jiang, J., Luo, Q. and Qiu, Y. (2011) Neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning on global brain ischemia in rats through upregulation of hippocampal glutamine synthetase. J. Clin. Neurosci. 18, 685-689
    • (2011) J. Clin. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 685-689
    • Zhang, W.1    Miao, Y.2    Zhou, S.3    Jiang, J.4    Luo, Q.5    Qiu, Y.6
  • 88
    • 84860238593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EAAT expression by macrophages and microglia still more questions than answers
    • Gras, G., Samah, B., Hubert, A., Léone, C., Porcheray, F. and Rimaniol, A.-C. (2012) EAAT expression by macrophages and microglia: still more questions than answers. Amino Acids 42, 221-229
    • (2012) Amino Acids , vol.42 , pp. 221-229
    • Gras, G.1    Samah, B.2    Hubert, A.3    Léone, C.4    Porcheray, F.5    Rimaniol, A.-C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.