Compartmentalized and internally structured particles for drug delivery - A review

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 19, Issue 35, 2013, Pages 6298-6314

  Čejková, Jitka ^a   Štěpánek, František ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Colloidosomes; Controlled release; Encapsulation; Hollow core particles; Microstructure

Indexed keywords

ACRYLAMIDE; BUDESONIDE; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CAPREOMYCIN; CARBOXYMETHYLDEXTRAN; CHITOSAN; DOXORUBICIN; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HYALURONIC ACID; IRON OXIDE; MACROGOL; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE; MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLE; NANOCAPSULE; NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOMATERIAL; NANOPARTICLE; NANOSHELL; POLOXAMER; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYCAPROLACTONE; POLYGLACTIN; POLYMER; POLYSTYRENE; SILICON DIOXIDE; SILVER NANOPARTICLE; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZINC OXIDE;

COLLOID; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; HYDROGEL; LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYSIS; NANOEMULSION; NANOENCAPSULATION; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE SIZE; POLYMERIZATION; POROSITY; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURFACE PROPERTY;

ANIMALS; DRUG COMPOUNDING; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG DESIGN; HUMANS; MICROSPHERES; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLE SIZE; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; POLYMERS; POROSITY; SILICON DIOXIDE;

EID: 84887456828     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319350007     Document Type: Review

References (273)

1. Mitragotri S, Lahann J. Physical approaches to biomaterial design. Nat Mater 2009; 8: 15-23.
2. Champion JA, Katare YK, Mitragotri S. Making polymeric microand nanoparticles of complex shapes. PNAS 2007; 104: 11901-4.
3. Edwards DA, Ben-Jebria A, Langer R. Recent advances in pulmonary drug delivery using large, porous inhaled particles. J Appl Physiol 1998; 85: 379-85.
4. Tsapis N, Bennett D, Jackson B, Weitz DA, Edwards DA. Trojan particles: Large porous carriers of nanoparticles for drug delivery. PNAS 2002; 99: 12001-5.
5. Champion JA, Katare YK, Mitragotri S. Particle shape: A new design parameter for micro-and nanoscale drug delivery carriers. J Control Release 2007; 121: 3-9.
6. Yang SM, Kim SH, Lim JM, Yi GR. Synthesis and assembly of structured colloidal particles. J Mater Chem 2008; 18: 2177-90.
7. Canelas DA, Herlihy KP, DeSimone JM. Top-down particle fabrication: control of size and shape for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 2009; 1: 391-404.
8. Herlihy KP, Nunes J, DeSimone JM. Electrically Driven Alignment and Crystallization of Unique Anisotropic Polymer Particles. Langmuir 2008; 24: 8421-6.
9. Nunes J, Herlihy KP, Mair L, Superfine R, DeSimone JM. Multifunctional Shape and Size Specific Magneto-Polymer Composite Particles. Nano Let 2010; 10: 1113-9.
10. Dendukuri D, Tsoi K, Hatton TA, Doyle PS. Controlled Synthesis of Nonspherical Microparticles Using Microfluidics. Langmuir 2005; 21: 2113-6.
11. Shum HC, Abate AR, Lee D, et al. Droplet Microfluidics for Fabrication of Non-Spherical Particles. Macromol Rapid Comm 2010; 31: 108-18.
12. Wang B, Shum HC, Weitz DA. Fabrication of Monodisperse Toroidal Particles by Polymer Solidification in Microfluidics. Chem Phys Chem 2009; 10: 641-5.
13. Ho CC, Keller A, Odell JA, Ottewill RH. Preparation of monodisperse ellipsoidal polystyrene particles. Colloid Polym Sci 1993; 271: 469.
14. Manoharan VN, Elsesser MT, Pine DJ. Dense Packing and Symmetry in Small Clusters of Microspheres. Science 2003; 301: 483-7.
15. Lee D, Weitz DA. Nonspherical Colloidosomes with Multiple Compartments from Double Emulsions. Small 2009; 5: 1932-5.
16. Cho Y-S, Yi G-R, Kim S-H, Elsesser MT, Breed DR, Yang S-M. Homogeneous and heterogeneous binary colloidal clusters formed by evaporation-induced self-assembly inside droplets. J Colloid Interf Sci 2008; 318: 124-33.
17. Champion JA, Mitragotri S. Role of target geometry in phagocytosis. PNAS 2006; 103: 4930-4.
18. Gratton SEA, Ropp PA, Pohlhaus PD, et al. The effect of particle design on cellular internalization pathways. PNAS 2008; 105: 11613-8.
19. Decuzzi P, Ferrari M. The adhesive strength of non-spherical particles mediated by specific interactions. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 5307-14.
20. Huang S, Deng T, Wang Y, et al. Multifunctional implantable particles for skin tissue regeneration: preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2008; 4: 1057-66.
21. Janes KA, Calvo P, Alonso MJ. Polysaccharide colloidal particles as delivery systems for macromolecules. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 2001; 47: 83-97.
22. Couto DS, Hong Z, Mano JF. Development of bioactive and biodegradable chitosan-based injectable systems containing bioactive glass nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2009; 5: 115-23.
23. Park K, Hong H-Y, Moon HJ, et al. A new atherosclerotic lesion probe based on hydrophobically modified chitosan nanoparticles functionalized by the atherosclerotic plaque targeted peptides. J Control Release 2008; 128: 217-23.
24. Liu L, Fishman M, Hicks K. Pectin in controlled drug delivery-a review. Cellulose 2007; 14: 15-24.
25. Coviello T, Palleschi A, Grassi M, Matricardi P, Bocchinfuso G, Alhaique F. Scleroglucan: A Versatile Polysaccharide for Modified Drug Delivery. Molecules 2005; 10: 6-33.
26. Coviello T, Grassi M, Rambone G, et al. Novel hydrogel system from scleroglucan: synthesis and characterization. J Control Release 1999; 60: 367-78.
27. Chen H, Ouyang W, Jones M, et al. Preparation and characterization of novel polymeric microcapsules for live cell encapsulation and therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 47: 159-67.
28. Dohnal J, Stapánek F. Inkjet fabrication and characterization of calcium alginate microcapsules. Powder Technol 2010; 200: 254-9.
29. Tønnesen HH, Karlsen J. Alginate in Drug Delivery Systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2002; 28: 621-30.
30. Mark D, Haeberle S, Zengerle R, Ducree J, Vladisavljevic GT. Manufacture of chitosan microbeads using centrifugally driven flow of gel-forming solutions through a polymeric micronozzle. J Colloid Interf Sci 2009; 336: 634-41.
31. Wu C, Zhu Y, Chang J, Zhang Y, Xiao Y. Bioactive inorganicmaterials/alginate composite microspheres with controllable drugdelivery ability. J Biomed Mater Res B 2010; 94: 32-43.
32. Barba AA, d'Amore M, Chirico S, Lamberti G, Titomanlio G. Swelling of cellulose derivative (HPMC) matrix systems for drug delivery. Carbohyd Polym 2009; 78: 469-74.
33. Hans ML, Lowman AM. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeting. Curr Opin Solid St M 2002; 6: 319-27.
34. Jung T, Kamm W, Breitenbach A, Kaiserling E, Xiao JX, Kissel T. Biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of peptides: is there a role for polymers to affect mucosal uptake? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 50: 147-60.
35. Gou M, Li X, Dai M, Gong C, et al. A novel injectable local hydrophobic drug delivery system: Biodegradable nanoparticles in thermo-sensitive hydrogel. Pharm Nanotech 2008; 359: 228-33.
36. Mohamed F, Walle CFvd. Engineering biodegradable polyester particles with specific drug targeting and drug release properties. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97: 71-87.
37. Duncanson WJ, Figa MA, Hallock K, Zalipsky S, Hamilton JA, Wong JY. Targeted binding of PLA microparticles with lipid-PEGtethered ligands. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 4991-9.
38. Oh YJ, Lee J, Seo JY, et al. Preparation of budesonide-loaded porous PLGA microparticles and their therapeutic efficacy in a murine asthma model. J Control Release 2011; 150: 56-62.
39. Yang Y, Bajaj N, Xu P, Ohn K, Tsifansky MD, Yeo Y. Development of highly porous large PLGA microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 1947-53.
40. Kwon GS, Okano T. Polymeric micelles as new drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 1996; 21: 107-16.
41. Bajpai AK, Shukla SK, Bhanu S, Kankane S. Responsive polymers in controlled drug delivery. Prog Polym Sci 2008; 33: 1088-118.
42. Fernández-Barbero A, Suárez IJ, Sierra-Martín B, et al. Gels and microgels for nanotechnological applications. Adv Colloid Interfac 2009; 147-148: 88-108.
43. Motornov M, Roiter Y, Tokarev I, Minko S. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, nanogels and capsules for integrated multifunctional intelligent systems. Prog Polym Sci 2010; 35: 174-211.
44. Amin S, Rajabnezhad S, Kohli K. Hydrogels as potential drug delivery systems. Sci Res Essays 2009; 3: 1175-83.
45. Lapeyre V, Ancla C, Catargi B, Ravaine V. Glucose-responsive microgels with a core-shell structure. J Colloid Interf Sci 2008; 327: 316-23.
46. Galaev I, Mattiasson B. Smart Polymers: Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine. 2nd ed. CRC Press 2008.
47. Wei H, Cheng S-X, Zhang X-Z, Zhuo R-X. Thermo-sensitive polymeric micelles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as drug carriers. Prog Polym Sci 2009; 34: 893-910.
48. Chunder A, Etcheverry K, Londe G, Cho HJ, Zhai L. Conformal switchable superhydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces for microscale flow control. Colloid Surface A 2009; 333: 187-93.
49. Xia F, Zhu Y, Feng L, Jiang L. Smart responsive surfaces switching reversibly between super-hydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. Soft Matter 2009; 5: 275-81.
50. Cole MA, Voelcker NH, Thissen H, Griesser HJ. Stimuliresponsive interfaces and systems for the control of protein-surface and cell-surface interactions. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 1827-50.
51. Naha PC, Bhattacharya K, Tenuta T, et al. Intracellular localisation, geno-and cytotoxic response of polyNisopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles to human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and colon cells (SW 480). Toxicol Lett 2010; 198: 134-43.
52. Heath F, Haria P, Alexander C. Varying Polymer Architecture to Deliver Drugs. AAPS J 2007; 9: 235-40.
53. Johnston HJ, Hutchison G, Christensen FM, Peters S, Hankin S, Stone V. A review of the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of silver and gold particulates: Particle attributes and biological mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40: 328-46.
54. Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, et al. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2005; 16: 2346-53.
55. Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27: 76-83.
56. Hadjipanayis CG, Bonder MJ, Balakrishnan S, Wang X, Mao H, Hadjipanayis GC. Metallic iron nanoparticles for MRI contrast enhancement and local hyperthermia. Small 2008; 4: 1925-9.
57. Knopp D, Tang D, Niessner R. Review: Bioanalytical applications of biomolecule-functionalized nanometer-sized doped silica particles. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 647: 14-30.
58. Atkinson JD, Fortunato ME, Dastgheib SA, Rostam-Abadi M, Rood MJ, Suslick KS. Synthesis and characterization of ironimpregnated porous carbon spheres prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Carbon 2011; 49: 587-98.
59. Won Y-H, Jang HS, Chung D-W, Stanciu LA. Multifunctional calcium carbonate microparticles: Synthesis and biological applications. J Mater Chem 2010; 20: 7728-33.
60. Epple M, Kovtun A. Functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles for biomedical application. Key Eng Mat 2010; 441: 299-305.
61. Kováík P, Kremláková Z, Stpánek F. Investigation of radiofrequency induced release kinetics from magnetic hollow silica microspheres. Micropor Mesopor. Mater. 2012; 159: 119-25.
62. Hildebrand M, Doktycz M, Allison D. Application of AFM in understanding biomineral formation in diatoms. Pflug Arch Eur J Phy 2008; 456: 127-37.
63. Trewyn BG, Slowing II, Giri S, Chen H-T, Lin VSY. Synthesis and Functionalization of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Based on the Sol-Gel Process and Applications in Controlled Release. Accounts Chem Res 2007; 40: 846-53.
64. Slowing II, Trewyn BG, Giri S, Lin VSY. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Biosensing Applications. Adv Funct Mater 2007; 17: 1225-36.
65. Betancor L, Luckarift HR. Bioinspired enzyme encapsulation for biocatalysis. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26: 566-72.
66. Barbé C, Bartlett J, Kong L, et al. Silica Particles: A Novel Drug-Delivery System. Adv Mater 2004; 16: 1959-66.
67. Anglin EJ, Cheng L, Freeman WR, Sailor MJ. Porous silicon in drug delivery devices and materials. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 2008; 60: 1266-77.
68. Park J, Moon J. Control of Colloidal Particle Deposit Patterns within Picoliter Droplets Ejected by Ink-Jet Printing. Langmuir 2006; 22: 3506-13.
69. Adams DJ, Adams S, Melrose J, Weaver AC. Influence of particle surface roughness on the behaviour of Janus particles at interfaces. Colloid Surface A 2008; 317: 360-5.
70. Roh K-H, Martin DC, Lahann J. Biphasic Janus particles with nanoscale anisotropy. Nat Mater 2005; 4: 759-63.
71. Walther A, Muller AHE. Janus particles. Soft Matter 2008; 4: 663-8.
72. Liu B, Wei W, Qu X, Yang Z. Janus Colloids Formed by Biphasic Grafting at a Pickering Emulsion Interface. Angew Chem2008; 120: 3973-5.
73. Perro A, Meunier F, Schmitt V, Ravaine S. Production of large quantities of "Janus" nanoparticles using wax-in-water emulsions. Colloid Surface A 2009; 332: 57-62.
74. Shah RK, Kim JW, Weitz DA. Janus Supraparticles by Induced Phase Separation of Nanoparticles in Droplets. Adv Mater 2009; 21: 1949-53.
75. Eniola AO, Krasik EF, Smith LA, Song G, Hammer DA. I-Domain of Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 Mediates Rolling of Polystyrene Particles on ICAM-1 under Flow. Biophys J 2005; 89: 3577-88.
76. Rodgers SD, Camphausen RT, Hammer DA. Sialyl LewisXMediated, PSGL-1-Independent Rolling Adhesion on P-selectin. Biophys J 2000; 79: 694-706.
77. Verma A, Stellacci F. Effect of Surface Properties on Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions. Small 2010; 6: 12-21.
78. Romberg B, Hennink W, Storm G. Sheddable Coatings for Long-Circulating Nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2008; 25: 55-71.
79. He Q, Zhang J, Shi J, et al. The effect of PEGylation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on nonspecific binding of serum proteins and cellular responses. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 1085-92.
80. Cu Y, Saltzman WM. Drug delivery: Stealth particles give mucus the slip. Nat Mater 2009; 8: 11-3.
81. Bridges AW, Singh N, Burns KL, Babensee JE, Andrew Lyon L, García AJ. Reduced acute inflammatory responses to microgel conformal coatings. Biomaterials 2008; 29: 4605-25.
82. Takeuchi H, Yamamoto H, Kawashima Y. Mucoadhesive nanoparticulate systems for peptide drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 2001; 47: 39-54.
83. Moghimi SM, Hunter AC. Poloxamers and poloxamines in nanoparticle engineering and experimental medicine. Trends Biotechnol 2000; 18: 412-20.
84. Vansteenkiste S, Schacht E, Duncan R, Seymour L, Pawluczyk I, Baldwin R. Fate of glycosylated dextrans after in vivo administration. J Control Release 1991; 16: 91-9.
85. Kreuter J. Nanoparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 2001; 47: 65-81.
86. Koo HY, Chang ST, Choi WS, Park J-H, Kim D-Y, Velev OD. Emulsion-Based Synthesis of Reversibly Swellable, Magnetic Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymer Microcapsules. Chem Mater 2006; 18: 3308-13.
87. Dong H, Mantha V, Matyjaszewski K. Thermally Responsive PM(EO)2MA Magnetic Microgels via Activators Generated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion. Chem Mater 2009; 21: 3965-72.
88. Cheng CJ, Chu LY, Zhang J, Zhou MY, Xie R. Preparation of monodisperse poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microspheres and microcapsules via Shirasu-porous-glass membrane emulsification. Desalination 2008; 234: 184-94.
89. Ma G-H, Sone H, Omi S. Preparation of Uniform-Sized Polystyrene-Polyacrylamide Composite Microspheres from a W/O/W Emulsion by Membrane Emulsification Technique and Subsequent Suspension Polymerization. Macromolecules 2004; 37: 2954-64.
90. Aveyard R, Binks BP, Clint JH. Emulsions stabilised solely by colloidal particles. Adv Colloid Interfac 2003; 100-102: 503-46.
91. Ao Z, Yang Z, Wang JF, Zhang GZ, Ngai T. Emulsion-Templated Liquid Core-Polymer Shell Microcapsule Formation. Langmuir 2009; 25: 2572-4.
92. van Berkel KY, Hawker CJ. Tailored composite polymer-metal nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization and thiol-ene functionalization. J Polym Sci Pol Chem2010; 48: 1594-606.
93. Wang CY, Zhang CJ, Li Y, Chen YH, Tong Z. Facile fabrication of nanocomposite microspheres with polymer cores and magnetic shells by Pickering suspension polymerization. React Funct Polym 2009; 69: 750-4.
94. Hasell T, Yang JX, Wang WX, et al. Preparation of polymernanoparticle composite beads by a nanoparticle-stabilised suspension polymerisation. J Mater Chem 2007; 17: 4382-6.
95. Bon SAF, Colver PJ. Pickering miniemulsion polymerization using Laponite clay as a stabilizer. Langmuir 2007; 23: 8316-22.
96. Cauvin S, Colver PJ, Bon SAF. Pickering stabilized miniemulsion polymerization: Preparation of clay armored latexes. Macromolecules 2005; 38: 7887-9.
97. Cejková J, Hanu J, Stpánek F. Investigation of internal microstructure and thermo-responsive properties of composite PNIPAM/silica microcapsules. J Colloid Interf Sci 2010; 346: 352-60.
98. Duan L, Chen M, Zhou S, Wu L. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Silica Composite Microspheres via Inverse Pickering Suspension Polymerization. Langmuir 2009; 25: 3467-72.
99. Gao QX, Wang CY, Liu HX, Wang CH, Liu XX, Tong Z. Suspension polymerization based on inverse Pickering emulsion droplets for thermo-sensitive hybrid microcapsules with tunable supracolloidal structures. Polymer 2009; 50: 2587-94.
100. Chen T, Colver PJ, Bon SAF. Organic-inorganic hybrid hollow spberes prepared from TiO2-stabilized pickering emulsion polymerization. Adv Mater 2007; 19: 2286-9.
101. Morishita C, Kawaguchi M. Rheological and interfacial properties of Pickering emulsions prepared by fumed silica suspensions preadsorbed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Colloid Surface A 2009; 335: 138-43.
102. Wu W, Shen SL, Cheng CL, Meng H, Guo K, Chen JF. Investigation on the mechanical strength of magnetic hollow silica prepared from Pickering emulsion route. Mater Chem Phys 2009; 113: 696-701.
103. Xiao Q, Tan X, Ji L, Xue J. Preparation and characterization of polyaniline/nano-Fe3O4 composites via a novel Pickering emulsion route. Synthetic Met 2007; 157: 784-91.
104. Zhang K, Wu W, Guo K, Chen JF, Zhang PY. Magnetic polymer enhanced hybrid capsules prepared from a novel Pickering emulsion polymerization and their application in controlled drug release. Colloid Surface A 2009; 349: 110-6.
105. Yang J, Hasell T, Wang WX, et al. Preparation of hybrid polymer nanocomposite microparticles by a nanoparticle stabilised dispersion polymerisation. J Mater Chem 2008; 18: 998-1001.
106. Du B, Cao Z, Li Z, et al. One-Pot Preparation of Hollow Silica Spheres by Using Thermosensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a Reversible Template. Langmuir 2009; 25: 12367-73.
107. Hong JS, Vreeland WN, DePaoli Lacerda SH, Locascio LE, Gaitan M, Raghavan SR. Liposome-templated supramolecular assembly of responsive alginate nanogels. Langmuir 2008; 24: 4092-6.
108. Liu S, Rao JC, Sui X, et al. Preparation of hollow silica spheres with different mesostructures. J Non-Cryst Solids 2008; 354: 826-30.
109. Iskandar F, Gradon L, Okuyama K. Control of the morphology of nanostructured particles prepared by the spray drying of a nanoparticle sol. J Colloid Interf Sci 2003; 265: 296-303.
110. Fonseca LSd, Silveira RP, Deboni AM, et al. Nanocapsule@xerogel microparticles containing sodium diclofenac: A new strategy to control the release of drugs. Int J Pharm 2008; 358: 292-5.
111. Iskandar F, Mikrajuddin, Okuyama K. In Situ Production of Spherical Silica Particles Containing Self-Organized Mesopores. Nano Let 2001; 1: 231-4.
112. Vehring R. Pharmaceutical Particle Engineering via Spray Drying. Pharm Res 2008; 25: 999-1022.
113. Rizi K, Green RJ, Donaldson M, Williams AC. Production of pHresponsive microparticles by spray drying: Investigation of experimental parameter effects on morphological and release properties. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100: 566-79.
114. Nyström M, Murtomaa M, Salonen J. Fabrication of amorphous pharmaceutical materials by electrospraying into reduced pressure. J Electrostat 2011; 69: 351-6.
115. Jaworek A, Sobczyk AT. Electrospraying route to nanotechnology: An overview. J Electrostat 2008; 66: 197-219.
116. Chen H, Zhao Y, Song Y, Jiang L. One-Step Multicomponent Encapsulation by Compound-Fluidic Electrospray. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130: 7800-1.
117. Xu Y, Hanna MA. Electrospray encapsulation of water-soluble protein with polylactide: Effects of formulations on morphology, encapsulation efficiency and release profile of particles. Int J Pharm 2006; 320: 30-6.
118. Dinsmore AD, Hsu MF, Nikolaides MG, Marquez M, Bausch AR, Weitz DA. Colloidosomes: Selectively permeable capsules composed of colloidal particles. Science 2002; 298: 1006-9.
119. Hsu MF, Nikolaides MG, Dinsmore AD, et al. Self-assembled shells composed of colloidal particles: Fabrication and characterization. Langmuir 2005; 21: 2963-70.
120. Bon SAF, Cauvin S, Colver PJ. Colloidosomes as micron-sized polymerisation vessels to create supracolloidal interpenetrating polymer network reinforced capsules. Soft Matter 2007; 3: 194-9.
121. Cayre OJ, Noble PF, Paunov VN. Fabrication of novel colloidosome microcapsules with gelled aqueous cores. J Mater Chem 2004; 14: 3351-5.
122. Kim JW, Fernandez-Nieves A, Dan N, Utada AS, Marquez M, Weitz DA. Colloidal assembly route for responsive colloidosomes with tunable permeability. Nano Let 2007; 7: 2876-80.
123. Noble PF, Cayre OJ, Alargova RG, Velev OD, Paunov VN. Fabrication of "hairy" colloidosomes with shells of polymeric microrods. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126: 8092-3.
124. Rossier-Miranda FJ, Schroen CGPH, Boom RM. Colloidosomes: Versatile microcapsules in perspective. Colloid Surface A 2009; 343: 43-9.
125. Shah RK, Kim J-W, Weitz DA. Monodisperse Stimuli-Responsive Colloidosomes by Self-Assembly of Microgels in Droplets. Langmuir 2010; 26: 1561-5.
126. Cayre OJ, Biggs S. Hollow microspheres with binary porous membranes from solid-stabilised emulsion templates. J Mater Chem 2009; 19: 2724-8.
127. Ariga K, Lvov YM, Kawakami K, Ji Q, Hill JP. Layer-by-layer self-assembled shells for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 2011; 63: 762-71.
128. Sukhorukov G, Fery A, Möhwald H. Intelligent micro-and nanocapsules. Prog Polym Sci 2005; 30: 885-97.
129. De Geest BG, Déjugnat C, Verhoeven E, et al. Layer-by-layer coating of degradable microgels for pulsed drug delivery. J Control Release 2006; 116: 159-69.
130. Khopade AJ, Möhwald H. Pseudobilayer Vesicle Formation via Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Hydrophobically Modified Polymers on Sacrificial Substrates. Adv Funct Mater 2005; 15: 1088-94.
131. Tong W, Gao C, Möhwald H. Single Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Fabricated By Glutaraldehyde-Mediated Covalent Layer-By-Layer Assembly. Macromol Rapid Comm 2006; 27: 2078-83.
132. Caruso F, Spasova M, Susha A, Giersig M, Caruso RA. Magnetic Nanocomposite Particles and Hollow Spheres Constructed by a Sequential Layering Approach. Chem Mater 2001; 13: 109-16.
133. Huang CJ, Chang FC. Using Click Chemistry To Fabricate Ultrathin Thermoresponsive Microcapsules through Direct Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly. Macromolecules 2009; 42: 5155-66.
134. Petrov AI, Volodkin DV, Sukhorukov GB. Protein-Calcium Carbonate Coprecipitation: A Tool for Protein Encapsulation. Biotechnol Progr 2005; 21: 918-25.
135. Shah RK, Kim J-W, Agresti JJ, Weitz DA, Chu L-Y. Fabrication of monodisperse thermosensitive microgels and gel capsules in microfluidic devices. Soft Matter 2008; 4: 2303-9.
136. Shah RK, Shum HC, Rowat AC, et al. Designer emulsions using microfluidics. Mater Today 2008; 11: 18-27.
137. Chen H, Li J, Shum HC, Stone HA, Weitz DA. Breakup of double emulsions in constrictions. Soft Matter 2011; 7: 2345-7.
138. Abate AR, Weitz DA. High-Order Multiple Emulsions Formed in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidics. Small 2009; 5: 2030-2.
139. Read ES, Armes SP. Recent Advances in Shell Cross-Linked Micelles. ChemInform 2007; 38: 3021-35.
140. Pinto Reis C, Neufeld RJ, Ribeiro AJ, Veiga F. Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Nanomed-Nanotechnol 2006; 2: 8-21.
141. Nicolais L, Carotenuto G. Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites. 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell 2004.
142. Fortin JP, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C. Intracellular heating of living cells through Neel relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles. Eur Biophys J Biophy 2008; 37: 223-8.
143. Ito A, Shinkai M, Honda H, Kobayashi T. Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 100: 1-11.
144. Lu AH, Salabas E, Schüth F. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Protection, Functionalization, and Application. Angew Chem Int Edit 2007; 46: 1222-44.
145. Koppolu B, Rahimi M, Nattama S, Wadajkar A, Nguyen KT. Development of multiple-layer polymeric particles for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Nanomed-Nanotechnol 2010; 6: 355-61.
146. Wijaya A, Hamad-Schifferli K. High-Density Encapsulation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Lipid Vesicles. Langmuir 2007; 23: 9546-50.
147. Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK, Dobson J. Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 2003; 36: R167-R81.
148. Almeida AJ, Souto E. Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Adv Drug Deliver Rev 2007; 59: 478-90.
149. Arruebo M. Drug delivery from structured porous inorganic materials. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 2012; 4: 16-30.
150. Gokmen MT, Du Prez FE. Porous polymer particles-A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2011; 37: 365-405.
151. Bae SE, Son JS, Park K, Han DK. Fabrication of covered porous PLGA microspheres using hydrogen peroxide for controlled drug delivery and regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2009; 133: 37-43.
152. Ungaro F, Giovino C, Coletta C, Sorrentino R, Miro A, Quaglia F. Engineering gas-foamed large porous particles for efficient local delivery of macromolecules to the lung. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41: 60-70.
153. Giovagnoli S, Blasi P, Schoubben A, Rossi C, Ricci M. Preparation of large porous biodegradable microspheres by using a simple double-emulsion method for capreomycin sulfate pulmonary delivery. Int J Pharm 2007; 333: 103-11.
154. Kim HK, Chung HJ, Park TG. Biodegradable polymeric microspheres with "open/closed" pores for sustained release of human growth hormone. J Control Release 2006; 112: 167-74.
155. Yuan Q, Yang L, Wang M, Wang H, Ge X, Ge X. The Mechanism of the Formation of Multihollow Polymer Spheres through Sulfonated Polystyrene Particles. Langmuir 2009; 25: 2729-35.
156. Yang S, Liu H, Zhang Z. Fabrication of Novel Multihollow Superparamagnetic Magnetite/Polystyrene Nanocomposite Microspheres via Water-in-Oil-in-Water Double Emulsions. Langmuir 2008; 24: 10395-401.
157. Sun S, Zhang Y, Dong L, Shen S. Using of silica particles as porogen for preparation of macroporous chitosan macrospheres suitable for enzyme immobilization. Kinet Catal 2010; 51: 771-5.
158. Peterson AK, Morgan DG, Skrabalak SE. Aerosol Synthesis of Porous Particles Using Simple Salts as a Pore Template. Langmuir 2010; 26: 8804-9.
159. Huang S, Lin B, Qin J. Microfluidic synthesis of tunable poly-(Nisopropylacrylamide) microparticles via PEG adjustment. Electrophoresis 2011; 32: 3364-70.
160. Kimmins SD, Cameron NR. Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances. Adv Funct Mater 2011; 21: 211-25.
161. Gokmen MT, Van Camp W, Colver PJ, Bon SAF, Du Prez FE. Fabrication of Porous "Clickable" Polymer Beads and Rods through Generation of High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) Droplets in a Simple Microfluidic Device. Macromolecules 2009; 42: 9289-94.
162. Kim MR, Lee S, Park J-K, Cho KY. Golf ball-shaped PLGA microparticles with internal pores fabricated by simple O/W emulsion. Chem Commun 2010; 46: 7433-5.
163. Hwangbo K-H, Kim MR, Lee C-S, Cho KY. Facile fabrication of uniform golf-ball-shaped microparticles from various polymers. Soft Matter 2011; 7: 10874-8.
164. Fujibayashi T, Komatsu Y, Konishi N, Yamori H, Okubo M. Effect of Polymer Polarity on the Shape of "Golf Ball-like" Particles Prepared by Seeded Dispersion Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008; 47: 6445-9.
165. Na K, Jung J, Lee J, Hyun J. Thermoresponsive Pore Structure of Biopolymer Microspheres for a Smart Drug Carrier. Langmuir 2010; 26: 11165-9.
166. Lei B, Shin K-H, Moon Y-W, et al. Synthesis and Bioactivity of Sol-Gel Derived Porous, Bioactive Glass Microspheres Using Chitosan as Novel Biomolecular Template. J Am Ceram Soc 2011; 30-3.
167. Cal K, Sollohub K. Spray drying technique. I: Hardware and process parameters. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99: 575-86.
168. Iskandar F, Mikrajuddin, Okuyama K. Controllability of Pore Size and Porosity on Self-Organized Porous Silica Particles. Nano Let 2002; 2: 389-92.
169. Iskandar F, Lenggoro IW, Xia B, Okuyama K. Functional nanostructured silica powders derived from colloidal suspensions by sol spraying. J Nanopart Res 2001; 3: 263-70.
170. Dierendonck M, De Koker S, Cuvelier C, et al. Facile Two-Step Synthesis of Porous Antigen-Loaded Degradable Polyelectrolyte Microspheres. Angew Chem Int Edit 2010; 49: 8620-4.
171. Wu Y, Clark RL. Controllable porous polymer particles generated by electrospraying. J Colloid Interf Sci 2007; 310: 529-35.
172. Yow HN, Routh AF. Formation of liquid core-polymer shell microcapsules. Soft Matter 2006; 2: 940-9.
173. Mittal V, Matsko NB, Butte A, Morbidelli M. Synthesis of temperature responsive polymer brushes from polystyrene latex particles functionalized with ATRP initiator. Eur Polym J 2007; 43: 4868-81.
174. Lu Y, Mei Y, Ballauff M, Drechsler M. Thermosensitive Core-Shell Particles as Carrier Systems for Metallic Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110: 3930-7.
175. Li G, Pandya PD, Seo SS. Thermoresponsive Core Polystyrene-Shell NIPAm Microgels. Int J Polym Anal Ch 2009; 14: 351-63.
176. Zhu D, Wang F, Gao C, Xu Z. Construction of PS/PNIPAM coreshell particles and hollow spheres by using hydrophobic interaction and thermosensitive phase separation. Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China 2008; 2: 253-6.
177. Li D, He Q, Li J. Smart core/shell nanocomposites: Intelligent polymers modified gold nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interfac 2009; 149: 28-38.
178. Karg M, Pastoriza-Santos I, Liz-Marzán LM, Hellweg T. A Versatile Approach for the Preparation of Thermosensitive PNIPAM Core-Shell Microgels with Nanoparticle Cores. ChemPhysChem 2006; 7: 2298-301.
179. Hatto N, Cosgrove T, Snowden MJ. Novel microgel-particle colloids: the detailed characterisation of the layer structure and chain topology of silica: poly(NIPAM) core-shell particles. Polymer 2000; 41: 7133-7.
180. Park J-H, Lee Y-H, Oh S-G. Preparation of Thermosensitive PNIPAm-Grafted Mesoporous Silica Particles. Macromol Chem Physic2007; 208: 2419-27.
181. Karg M, Wellert S, Pastoriza-Santos I, Lapp A, Liz-Marzan LM, Hellweg T. Thermoresponsive core-shell microgels with silica nanoparticle cores: size, structure, and volume phase transition of the polymer shell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10: 6708-16.
182. Gao HF, Yang WL, Min K, Zha LS, Wang CC, Fu SK. Thermosensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocapsules with controlled permeability. Polymer 2005; 46: 1087-93.
183. Li L, Ding J, Xue J. Macroporous Silica Hollow Microspheres as Nanoparticle Collectors. Chem Mater 2009; 21: 3629-37.
184. Yan X, Lei Z. Silicon dioxide hollow microspheres with porous composite structure: Synthesis and characterization. J Colloid Interf Sci 2011; 362: 253-60.
185. Cho Y-S, Yi G-R, Kim S-H, et al. Particles with Coordinated Patches or Windows from Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Chem Mater 2007; 19: 3183-93.
186. Gu J, Xia F, Wu Y, Qu X, Yang Z, Jiang L. Programmable delivery of hydrophilic drug using dually responsive hydrogel cages. J Control Release 2007; 117: 396-402.
187. Zha LS, Zhang Y, Yang WL, Fu SK. Monodisperse temperaturesensitive microcontainers. Adv Mater 2002; 14: 1090-2.
188. Wei W, Zhang CL, Ding SJ, Qu XZ, Liu JG, Yang ZZ. Template synthesis of hydrogel composite hollow spheres against polymeric hollow latex. Colloid Polym Sci 2008; 286: 881-8.
189. Peng M, Wang H, Chen Y. Encapsulation of microgels with polystyrene (PS): A novel method for the preparation of hollow PS particles. Mater Lett 2008; 62: 1535-8.
190. Chu L-Y, Park S-H, Yamaguchi T, Nakao S-i. Preparation of thermo-responsive core-shell microcapsules with a porous membrane and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gates. J Membrane Sci 2001; 192: 27-39.
191. Lee MH, Hribar KC, Brugarolas T, Kamat NP, Burdick JA, Lee D. Harnessing Interfacial Phenomena to Program the Release Properties of Hollow Microcapsules. Adv Funct Mater 2011; 22: 131-8.
192. Yu L, Gao Y, Yue X, Liu S, Dai Z. Novel Hollow Microcapsules Based on Iron-Heparin Complex Multilayers. Langmuir 2008; 24: 13723-9.
193. Im SH, Jeong U, Xia Y. Polymer hollow particles with controllable holes in their surfaces. Nat Mater 2005; 4: 671-5.
194. He X, Ge X, Liu H, Wang M, Zhang Z. Cagelike polymer microspheres with hollow core/porous shell structures. J Polym Sci Pol Chem2007; 45: 933-41.
195. He, Ge, Liu, Wang, Zhang. Synthesis of Cagelike Polymer Microspheres with Hollow Core/Porous Shell Structures by Self-Assembly of Latex Particles at the Emulsion Droplet Interface. Chem Mater 2005; 17: 5891-2.
196. Singer SJ, Nicolson GL. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 1972; 175: 720-31.
197. Estes DJ, Mayer M. Electroformation of giant liposomes from spincoated films of lipids. Colloid Surface B 2005; 42: 115-23.
198. Kuribayashi K, Tresset G, Coquet P, Fujita H, Takeuchi S. Electroformation of giant liposomes in microfluidic channels. Meas Sci Technol 2006; 17: 3121-6.
199. Sorgi FL, Huang L. Large scale production of DC-Chol cationic liposomes by microfluidization. Int J Pharm 1996; 144: 131-9.
200. Campillo CC, Schroder AP, Marques CM, Pepin-Donat B. Composite gel-filled giant vesicles: Membrane homogeneity and mechanical properties. Mat Sci Eng C-Bio S 2009; 29: 393-7.
201. Campillo CC, Schroder AP, Marques CM, Pepin-Donat B. Volume transition in composite poly(NIPAM)-giant unilamellar vesicles. Soft Matter 2008; 4: 2486-91.
202. Weissig V. Liposomes: Liposomes: Methods and Protocols, Volume 1: Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers. 1st ed. Humana Press 2010.
203. Bolinger P-Y, Stamou D, Vogel H. Integrated Nanoreactor Systems: Triggering the Release and Mixing of Compounds Inside Single Vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126: 8594-5.
204. Meng F, Engbers GHM, Feijen J. Biodegradable polymersomes as a basis for artificial cells: encapsulation, release and targeting. J Control Release 2005; 101: 187-98.
205. Discher DE, Eisenberg A. Polymer Vesicles. Science 2002; 297: 967-73.
206. Lee JS, Feijen J. Polymersomes for drug delivery: Design, formation and characterization. J Control Release 2011; 161: 473-83.
207. Discher DE, Ahmed F. Polymersomes. Annual review of biomedical engineering 2006; 8: 323-41.
208. Rodriguez-Garcia R, Mell M, Lopez-Montero I, Netzel J, Hellweg T, Monroy F. Polymersomes: smart vesicles of tunable rigidity and permeability. Soft Matter 2011; 7: 1532-42.
209. LoPresti C, Lomas H, Massignani M, Smart T, Battaglia G. Polymersomes: nature inspired nanometer sized compartments. J Mater Chem 2009; 19: 3576-90.
210. Meng F, Zhong Z, Feijen J. Stimuli-Responsive Polymersomes for Programmed Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10: 197-209.
211. Blanazs A, Armes SP, Ryan AJ. Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Aggregates: From Micelles to Vesicles and their Biological Applications. Macromol Rapid Comm 2009; 30: 267-77.
212. Thiele J, Abate AR, Shum HC, Bachtler S, Forster S, Weitz DA. Fabrication of Polymersomes using Double-Emulsion Templates in Glass-Coated Stamped Microfluidic Devices. Small 2010; 6: 1723-7.
213. Parnell AJ, Tzokova N, Topham PD, et al. The efficiency of encapsulation within surface rehydrated polymersomes. Faraday Discuss 2009; 143: 29-46.
214. Pickering SU. Emulsions. J Chem Soc 1907; 91: 2001-21.
215. Schramm LL. Dictionary of nanotechnology, colloid and interface science. 1st ed. Wiley-VCH 2008.
216. Velev OD, Furusawa K, Nagayama K. Assembly of latex particles by using emulsion droplets as templates. 1. Microstructured hollow spheres. Langmuir 1996; 12: 2374-84.
217. Duan H, Wang D, Sobal NS, Giersig M, Kurth DG, Mohwald H. Magnetic Colloidosomes Derived from Nanoparticle Interfacial Self-Assembly. Nano Let 2005; 5: 949-52.
218. Liu H, Wang C, Gao Q, Liu X, Tong Z. Fabrication of novel coreshell hybrid alginate hydrogel beads. Int J Pharm 2008; 351: 104-12.
219. Wang C, Liu H, Gao Q, Liu X, Tong Z. Facile Fabrication of Hybrid Colloidosomes with Alginate Gel Cores and Shells of Porous CaCO3 Microparticles. ChemPhysChem 2007; 8: 1157-60.
220. Liu H, ChaoyangWang, Gao Q, et al. Facile fabrication of welldefined hydrogel beads with magnetic nanocomposite shells. Int J Pharm 2009; 376: 92-8.
221. Voorn DJ, Ming W, van Herk AM. Polymer-Clay Nanocomposite Latex Particles by Inverse Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Stabilized with Hydrophobic Montmorillonite Platelets. Macromolecules 2006; 39: 2137-43.
222. He Y, Yu X. Preparation of silica nanoparticle-armored polyaniline microspheres in a Pickering emulsion. Mater Lett 2007; 61: 2071-4.
223. Chen JH, Cheng C-Y, Chiu W-Y, Lee C-F, Liang N-Y. Synthesis of ZnO/polystyrene composites particles by Pickering emulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2008; 44: 3271-9.
224. Jeng J, Chen T-Y, Lee C-F, Liang N-Y, Chiu W-Y. Growth mechanism and pH-regulation characteristics of composite latex particles prepared from Pickering emulsion polymerization of aniline/ZnO using different hydrophilicities of oil phases. Polymer 2008; 49: 3265-71.
225. Rubio-Retama J, Zafeiropoulos NE, Serafinelli C, et al. Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive PNIPAM microgels covered with superparamagnetic gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Langmuir 2007; 23: 10280-5.
226. Liu HX, Wang CY, Gao QX, Chen JX, Liu XX, Tong Z. One-pot fabrication of magnetic nanocomposite microcapsules. Mater Lett 2009; 63: 884-6.
227. Liu H, Wang C, Gao Q, Liu X, Tong Z. Magnetic hydrogels with supracolloidal structures prepared by suspension polymerization stabilized by Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 275-81.
228. Zhang K, Wu W, Meng H, Guo K, Chen JF. Pickering emulsion polymerization: Preparation of polystyrene/nano-SiO2 composite microspheres with core-shell structure. Powder Technol 2009; 190: 393-400.
229. Ma H, Luo M, Sanyal S, Rege K, Dai LL. The One-Step Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Route for Synthesizing Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Particles. Materials 2010; 3: 1186-202.
230. Shen S-L, WeiWu, Guo K, Meng H, Chen J-F. A novel process to synthesize magnetic hollow silica microspheres. Colloid Surface A 2007; 311: 99-105.
231. Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Chevalier Y. Pickering emulsions with bare silica. Colloid Surface A 2009; 343: 70-4.
232. Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Pelletier J, Valour JP, Chevalier Y. Topical delivery of lipophilic drugs from o/w Pickering emulsions. Int J Pharm 2009; 371: 56-63.
233. Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Valour JP, Mouaziz H, Pelletier J, Chevalier Y. Pickering w/o emulsions: Drug release and topical delivery. Int J Pharm 2009; 368: 7-15.
234. Ghosh S, GhoshMitra S, Cai T, Diercks DR, Mills NC, Hynds DL. Alternating Magnetic Field Controlled, Multifunctional Nano-Reservoirs: Intracellular Uptake and Improved Biocompatibility. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010; 5: 195-204.
235. Dutz S, Clement JH, Eberbeck D, et al. Ferrofluids of magnetic multicore nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Magn Magn Mater 2009; 321: 1501-4.
236. Purushotham S, Ramanujan RV. Thermoresponsive magnetic composite nanomaterials for multimodal cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 502-10.
237. Deng Y, Wang C, Shen X, et al. Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Multistimuli-Responsive Microspheres with Fluorescence-Labeled Magnetic Cores and Thermoresponsive Shells. Chem Eur J 2005; 11: 6006-13.
238. Mandal M, Kundu S, Ghosh SK, et al. Magnetite nanoparticles with tunable gold or silver shell. J Colloid Interf Sci 2005; 286: 187-94.
239. Yoon T-J, Lee H, Shao H, Hilderbrand SA, Weissleder R. Multicore Assemblies Potentiate Magnetic Properties of Biomagnetic Nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2011; 23: 4793-7.
240. Liu J, Qiao SZ, Chen JS, Lou XW, Xing X, Lu GQ. Yolk/shell nanoparticles: new platforms for nanoreactors, drug delivery and lithium-ion batteries. Chem Commun 2011; 47: 12578-91.
241. Hu X, Tong Z, Lyon LA. Multicompartment Core/Shell Microgels. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132: 11470-2.
242. Wu H, Liu G, Zhang S, et al. Biocompatibility, MR imaging and targeted drug delivery of a rattle-type magnetic mesoporous silica nanosphere system conjugated with PEG and cancer-cell-specific ligands. J Mater Chem 2011; 21: 3037-45.
243. Gao J, Liang G, Cheung JS, et al. Multifunctional Yolk-Shell Nanoparticles: A Potential MRI Contrast and Anticancer Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130: 11828-33.
244. Yin Y, Rioux RM, Erdonmez CK, Hughes S, Somorjai GA, Alivisatos AP. Formation of Hollow Nanocrystals Through the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect. Science 2004; 304: 711-4.
245. Wu X-J, Xu D. Formation of Yolk/SiO2 Shell Structures Using Surfactant Mixtures as Template. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131: 2774-5.
246. Okuda M, Takeguchi M, Zhu Y, et al. Structural analysis of rattletype hollow mesoporous silica spheres using electron tomography and energy filtered imaging. Surf Interface Anal 2010; 42: 1548-51.
247. Hu S-H, Chen Y-Y, Liu T-C, Tung T-H, Liu D-M, Chen S-Y. Remotely nano-rupturable yolk/shell capsules for magneticallytriggered drug release. Chem Commun 2011; 47: 1776-8.
248. Chandrawati R, van Koeverden MP, Lomas H, Caruso F. Multicompartment Particle Assemblies for Bioinspired Encapsulated Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2: 2639-49.
249. Kreft O, Prevot M, Möhwald H, Sukhorukov GB. Shell-in-Shell Microcapsules: A Novel Tool for Integrated, Spatially Confined Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Edit 2007; 46: 5605-8.
250. Yashchenok AM, Delcea M, Videnova K, et al. Enzyme Reaction in the Pores of CaCO3 Particles upon Ultrasound Disruption of Attached Substrate-Filled Liposomes. Angew Chem Int Edit 2010; 49: 8116-20.
251. Chen H, Zhao Y, Jiang L. Compound-fluidic electrospray: An efficient method for the fabrication of microcapsules with multicompartment structure. Chinese Sci Bull 2009; 54: 3147-53.
252. Du J, O'Reilly RK. Anisotropic particles with patchy, multicompartment and Janus architectures: preparation and application. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40: 2402-16.
253. Murthy VS, Kadali SB, Wong MS. Polyamine-Guided Synthesis of Anisotropic, Multicompartment Microparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2009; 1: 590-6.
254. Pochan DJ, Zhu J, Zhang K, Wooley KL, Miesch C, Emrick T. Multicompartment and multigeometry nanoparticle assembly. Soft Matter 2011; 7: 2500-6.
255. Delcea M, Madaboosi N, Yashchenok AM, et al. Anisotropic multicompartment micro-and nano-capsules produced via embedding into biocompatible PLL/HA films. Chem Commun 2011; 47: 2098-100.
256. Kreft O, Skirtach AG, Sukhorukov GB, Möhwald H. Remote Control of Bioreactions in Multicompartment Capsules. Adv Mater 2007; 19: 3142-5.
257. Bäumler H, Georgieva R. Coupled Enzyme Reactions in Multicompartment Microparticles. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11: 1480-7.
258. Chandrawati R, Odermatt PD, Chong S-F, Price AD, Städler B, Caruso F. Triggered Cargo Release by Encapsulated Enzymatic Catalysis in Capsosomes. Nano Lett 2011; 11: 4958-63.
259. Hosta-Rigau L, Chung SF, Postma A, Chandrawati R, Städler B, Caruso F. Capsosomes with "Free-Floating" Liposomal Subcompartments. Adv Mater 2011; 23: 4082-7.
260. Städler B, Chandrawati R, Goldie K, Caruso F. Capsosomes: Subcompartmentalizing Polyelectrolyte Capsules Using Liposomes. Langmuir 2009; 25: 6725-32.
261. Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D. Interaction between complementary liposomes: a process leading to multicompartment systems formation. J Mol Recognit 2006; 19: 60-7.
262. Al-Jamal WT, Kostarelos K. Construction of nanoscale multicompartment liposomes for combinatory drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2007; 331: 182-5.
263. Paleos CM, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z. Preparation of Multicompartment Lipid-Based Systems Based on Vesicle Interactions. Langmuir 2011; 28: 2337-46.
264. Marguet M, Edembe L, Lecommandoux S. Polymersomes in Polymersomes: Multiple Loading and Permeability Control. Angew Chem Int Edit 2011; 51: 1173-6.
265. Lattin JR, Belnap DM, Pitt WG. Formation of eLiposomes as a drug delivery vehicle. Colloid Surface B 2012; 89: 93-100.
266. Luo G, Du L, Wang Y, Lu Y, Xu J. Controllable preparation of particles with microfluidics. Particuology 2011; 9: 545-58.
267. Nisisako T, Okushima S, Torii T. Controlled formulation of monodisperse double emulsions in a multiple-phase microfluidic system Soft Matter 2005; 1: 23-7.
268. Stoll A, Seebeck E. Chemical Investigations on Alliin, the Specific Principle of Garlic. Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006. p. 377-400.
269. Miron T, Mironchik M, Mirelman D, Wilchek M, Rabinkov A. Inhibition of tumor growth by a novel approach: In situ allicin generation using targeted alliinase delivery. Mol Cancer Ther 2003; 2: 1295-301.
270. Ankri S, Mirelman D. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infect 1999; 1: 125-9.
271. Jones MG, Hughes J, Tregova A, Milne J, Tomsett AB, Collin HA. Biosynthesis of the flavour precursors of onion and garlic. J Exp Bot 2004; 55: 1903-18.
272. Arditti FD, Rabinkov A, Miron T, et al. Apoptotic killing of Bchronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor cells by allicin generated in situ using a rituximab-alliinase conjugate. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4: 325-32.
273. Block E. Garlic and other alliums: the lore and the science 1st ed. Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.