Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1515-1532

  Alhariri, Moayad ^a   Azghani, Ali ^b   Omri, Abdelwahab ^a  

^a LAURENTIAN UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT TYLER   (United States)

Author keywords

Administration routes; Infectious diseases; Liposome cell interactions; Liposomes; Preparation techniques

Indexed keywords

1,2 DIOLEOYL 3 TRIMETHYLAMMONIOPROPANE; AMIKACIN; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BUDESONIDE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; DOXORUBICIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; LIPOSOME; MEROPENEM; NETILMICIN; POLYMYXIN B; RIFABUTIN; TOBRAMYCIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CANDIDIASIS; CELL INTERACTION; CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG ADSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG STABILITY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOCYTOSIS; EVAPORATION; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYPOKALEMIA; IN VITRO STUDY; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFUSION RELATED REACTION; LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY; LUNG INFECTION; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYSIS; MINIMUM BACTERICIDAL CONCENTRATION; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NANOENCAPSULATION; NAUSEA; NEBULIZATION; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; NONHUMAN; OTOTOXICITY; PARTICLE SIZE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PNEUMONIA; REVIEW; SHELF LIFE; SIDE EFFECT; SURFACE CHARGE; SYSTEMIC MYCOSIS; ULTRASOUND; VOMITING; ZETA POTENTIAL;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; LIPOSOMES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 84886627480     PISSN: 17425247     EISSN: 17447593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Domenico P, O'Leary R, Cunha BA. Differential effects of bismuth and salicylate salts on the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992;11:170-5
2. Adeboyeku D, Jones AL, Hodson ME. Twice vs three-times daily antibiotics in the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2011;10:25-30
3. Pitt TL, Sparrow M, Warner M, et al. Survey of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from UK patients with cystic fibrosis to six commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Thorax 2003;58:794-6
4. Deol P, Khuller GK, Joshi K. Therapeutic efficacies of isoniazid and rifampin encapsulated in lung-specific stealth liposomes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induced in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1211-14
5. Torres A, Liapikou A. Levofloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:1203-12
6. Lazzarini L, Lipsky BA, Mader JT. Antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis: what have we learned from 30 years of clinical trials? Int J Infect Dis 2005;9:127-38
7. Jones ME, Karlowsky JA, Draghi DC, et al. Epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing skin and soft tissue infections in the USA and Europe: a guide to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003;22:406-19
8. Estahbanati HK, Kashani PP, Ghanaatpisheh F. Frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes in burn wound infections and their resistance to antibiotics. Burns 2002;28:340-8
9. Smith CA, Baker EN. Aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance by enzymatic deactivation. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 2002;2:143-60
10. Poole K. Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:20-51
11. Zhang L, Mah TF. Involvement of a novel efflux system in biofilm-specific resistance to antibiotics. J Bacteriol 2008;190:4447-52
12. Carryn S, Chanteux H, Seral C, et al. Intracellular pharmacodynamics of antibiotics. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003;17:615-34
13. Stewart PS. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 2002;292:107-13
14. Di Tommaso C, Valamanesh F, Miller F, et al. A novel cyclosporin a aqueous formulation for dry eye treatment: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:2292-9
15. Kannan S, Dai H, Navath RS, et al. Dendrimer-based postnatal therapy for neuroinflammation and cerebral palsy in a rabbit model. Sci Transl Med 2012;4:130ra46
16. Heney M, Alipour M, Vergidis D, et al. Effectiveness of liposomal paclitaxel against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010;88:1172-80
17. Gul N, Poolman B. Functional reconstitution and osmoregulatory properties of the ProU ABC transporter from Escherichia coli. Mol Membr Biol 2013;30:138-48
18. Ivosevic Denardis N, Ruzic I, Pecar-Ilic J, et al. Reaction kinetics and mechanical models of liposome adhesion at charged interface. Bioelectrochemistry 2012;88:48-56
19. Raj S, Jose S, Sumod US, et al. Nanotechnology in cosmetics: opportunities and challenges. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012;4:186-93
20. Mozafari MR, Johnson C, Hatziantoniou S, et al. Nanoliposomes and their applications in food nanotechnology. J Liposome Res 2008;18:309-27
21. Liu S, Guo D, Guo Y, et al. Preparation and pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium liposomes in cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:35-41
22. Jaspart S, Piel G, Delattre L, et al. Solid lipid microparticles: formulation, preparation, characterisation, drug release and applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2005;2:75-87
23. Anderson M, Paradis C, Omri A. Disposition of 3H-cholesteryl ether labeled liposomes following intravenous administration to mice: comparison with an encapsulated 14C-inulin as aqueous phase marker. Drug Deliv 2003;10:193-200
24. Alhariri M, Omri A. Efficacy of liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol-loaded tobramycin after intratracheal administration in rats with pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:569-78
25. Roby A, Erdogan S, Torchilin VP. Enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy of poorly soluble PDT agent, meso-tetraphenylporphine, in PEG-PE-based tumor-targeted immunomicelles. Cancer Biol Ther 2007;6:1136-42
26. Rahimpour Y, Hamishehkar H. Liposomes in cosmeceutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012;9:443-55
27. Halwani M, Blomme S, Suntres ZE, et al. Liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol formulation enhances antimicrobial activity of tobramycin. Int J Pharm 2008;358:278-84
28. Hoiby N, Krogh Johansen H, Moser C, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the in vitro and in vivo biofilm mode of growth. Microbes Infect 2001;3:23-35
29. Omri A, Ravaoarinoro M, Poisson M. Incorporation, release and in vitro antibacterial activity of liposomal aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995;36:631-9
30. Muppidi K, Pumerantz AS, Wang J, et al. Development and stability studies of novel liposomal vancomycin formulations. ISRN Pharm 2012;2012:636743
31. Mugabe C, Halwani M, Azghani AO, et al. Mechanism of enhanced activity of liposome-entrapped aminoglycosides against resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:2016-22
32. Halwani M, Hebert S, Suntres ZE, et al. Bismuth-thiol incorporation enhances biological activities of liposomal tobramycin against bacterial biofilm and quorum sensing molecules production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pharm 2009;373:141-6
33. Alipour M, Suntres ZE, Halwani M, et al. Activity and interactions of liposomal antibiotics in presence of polyanions and sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. PLoS ONE 2009;4:e5724
34. Drummond DC, Noble CO, Hayes ME, et al. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo drug release rates in liposomal nanocarrier development. J Pharm Sci 2008;97:4696-740
35. Kirpotin DB, Drummond DC, Shao Y, et al. Antibody targeting of long-circulating lipidic nanoparticles does not increase tumor localization but does increase internalization in animal models. Cancer Res 2006;66:6732-40
36. Marier JF, Brazier JL, Lavigne J, et al. Liposomal tobramycin against pulmonary infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a pharmacokinetic and efficacy study following single and multiple intratracheal administrations in rats. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52:247-52
37. Vemuri S, Rhodes CT. Preparation and characterization of liposomes as therapeutic delivery systems: a review. Pharm Acta Helv 1995;70:95-111
38. Halwani M, Mugabe C, Azghani AO, et al. Bactericidal efficacy of liposomal aminoglycosides against Burkholderia cenocepacia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:760-9
39. Gubernator J, Druis-Kawa Z, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of liposomes containing ciprofloxacin, meropenem and gentamicin against gram-negative clinical bacterial strains. Lett Drug Des Discov 2007;4:297-304
40. Samad A, Sultana Y, Aqil M. Liposomal drug delivery systems: an update review. Curr Drug Deliv 2007;4:297-305
41. Szoka F Jr, Papahadjopoulos D. Procedure for preparation of liposomes with large internal aqueous space and high capture by reverse-phase evaporation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75:4194-8
42. Hosny KM. Ciprofloxacin as ocular liposomal hydrogel. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010;11:241-6
43. Nicolosi D, Scalia M, Nicolosi VM, et al. Encapsulation in fusogenic liposomes broadens the spectrum of action of vancomycin against Gram-negative bacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;35:553-8
44. Rongen HA, Bult A, van Bennekom WP. Liposomes and immunoassays. J Immunol Methods 1997;204:105-33
45. Chorachoo J, Amnuaikit T, Voravuthikunchai SP. Liposomal encapsulated rhodomyrtone: a novel antiacne drug. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:157635
46. Singodia D, Verma A, Khare P, et al. Investigations on feasibility of in situ development of amphotericin B liposomes for industrial applications. J Liposome Res 2012;22:8-17
47. Walde P, Cosentino K, Engel H, et al. Giant vesicles: preparations and applications. ChemBioChem 2010;11:848-65
48. Meure LA, Foster NR, Dehghani F. Conventional and dense gas techniques for the production of liposomes: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008;9:798-809
49. Daemen T, Hofstede G, Ten Kate MT, et al. Liposomal doxorubicin-induced toxicity: depletion and impairment of phagocytic activity of liver macrophages. Int J Cancer 1995;61:716-21
50. Silva R, Ferreira H, Little C, et al. Effect of ultrasound parameters for unilamellar liposome preparation. Ultrason Sonochem 2010;17:628-32
51. Jesorka A, Orwar O. Liposomes: technologies and analytical applications. Annu Rev Anal Chem 2008;1:801-32
52. Richardson ES, Pitt WG, Woodbury DJ. The role of cavitation in liposome formation. Biophys J 2007;93:4100-7
53. Huang X, Caddell R, Yu B, et al. Ultrasound-enhanced microfluidic synthesis of liposomes. Anticancer Res 2010;30:463-6
54. Mugabe C, Azghani AO, Omri A. Preparation and characterization of dehydration-rehydration vesicles loaded with aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics. Int J Pharm 2006;307:244-50
55. Wagner A, Vorauer-Uhl K. Liposome technology for industrial purposes. J Drug Deliv 2011;2011:591325
56. Alipour M, Halwani M, Omri A, et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of liposomal polymyxin B against resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains. Int J Pharm 2008;355:293-8
57. Vuillemard JC. Recent advances in the large-scale production of lipid vesicles for use in food products: microfluidization. J Microencapsul 1991;8:547-62
58. Mozafari MR. Nanoliposomes: preparation and analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2010;605:29-50
59. Riza M. Liposomes preparation methods. Pak J Pharm Sci 1996;19:56-77
60. Boltic Z, Petkovska M, Obradovic B, et al. In vitro evaluation of the controlled release of antibiotics from liposomes. Hemijska Industrija 2003;57:589-95
61. Kapoor M, Burgess DJ, Patil SD. Physicochemical characterization techniques for lipid based delivery systems for siRNA. Int J Pharm 2012;427:35-57
62. Coldren B, van Zanten R, Mackel MJ, et al. From vesicle size distributions to bilayer elasticity via cryo-transmission and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Langmuir 2003;19:5632-9
63. Frohlich M, Brecht V, Peschka-Suss R. Parameters influencing the determination of liposome lamellarity by 31P-NMR. Chem Phys Lipids 2001;109:103-12
64. Edwards KA, Baeumner AJ. Analysis of liposomes. Talanta 2006;68:1432-41
65. Ruozi B, Belletti D, Tombesi A, et al. AFM, ESEM, TEM, and CLSM in liposomal characterization: a comparative study. Int J Nanomedicine 2011;6:557-63
66. Chougule M, Padhi B, Misra A. Nano-liposomal dry powder inhaler of tacrolimus: preparation, characterization, and pulmonary pharmacokinetics. Int J Nanomedicine 2007;2:675-88
67. Geusens B, Lambert J, De Smedt SC, et al. Ultradeformable cationic liposomes for delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into human primary melanocytes. J Control Release 2009;133:214-20
68. Watabe N, Ishida Y, Ochiai A, et al. Oxidation decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids by singlet oxygen in phospholipid bilayer membranes. J Oleo Sci 2007;56:73-80
69. Ingvarsson PT, Yang M, Nielsen HM, et al. Stabilization of liposomes during drying. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011;8:375-88
70. Koynova R, Tihova M. Nanosized self-emulsifying lipid vesicles of diacylglycerol-PEG lipid conjugates: biophysical characterization and inclusion of lipophilic dietary supplements. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010;1798:646-53
71. Pagano RE, Huang L. Interaction of phospholipid vesicles with cultured mammalian cells. II. Studies of mechanism. J Cell Biol 1975;67:49-60
72. Lasic DD. Novel applications of liposomes. Trends Biotechnol 1998;16:307-21
73. Hillaireau H, Couvreur P. Nanocarriers' entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:2873-96
74. Elgart A, Cherniakov I, Aldouby Y, et al. Lipospheres and pro-nano lipospheres for delivery of poorly water soluble compounds. Chem Phys Lipids 2012;165:438-53
75. Gershkovich P, Wasan EK, Lin M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of amphotericin B in rats following oral administration in a novel lipid-based formulation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64:101-8
76. Santos-Magalhaes NS, Mosqueira VC. Nanotechnology applied to the treatment of malaria. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010;62:560-75
77. Bakker-Woudenberg IA, Lokerse AF, ten Kate MT, et al. Enhanced localization of liposomes with prolonged blood circulation time in infected lung tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992;1138:318-26
78. Bakker-Woudenberg IA. Long-circulating sterically stabilized liposomes as carriers of agents for treatment of infection or for imaging infectious foci. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002;19:299-311
79. Bakker-Woudenberg IA, ten Kate MT, Guo L, et al. Ciprofloxacin in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes: efficacy in rat models of acute or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:2575-81
80. Swenson CE, Stewart KA, Hammett JL, et al. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo activity of liposome-encapsulated gentamicin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990;34:235-40
81. Justo OR, Moraes AM. Incorporation of antibiotics in liposomes designed for tuberculosis therapy by inhalation. Drug Deliv 2003;10:201-7
82. Le Brun PP, de Boer AH, Gjaltema D, et al. Inhalation of tobramycin in cystic fibrosis. Part 1: the choice of a nebulizer. Int J Pharm 1999;189:205-14
83. Traini D, Young PM. Delivery of antibiotics to the respiratory tract: an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009;6:897-905
84. Gonda I. Inhalation therapy with recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1996;19:37-46
85. Westerman EM, Heijerman HG, Frijlink HW. Dry powder inhalation versus wet nebulisation delivery of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis patients. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007;4:91-4
86. Weers J, Metzheiser B, Taylor G, et al. A gamma scintigraphy study to investigate lung deposition and clearance of inhaled amikacin-loaded liposomes in healthy male volunteers. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2009;22:131-8
87. Joshi M, Misra AN. Pulmonary disposition of budesonide from liposomal dry powder inhaler. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2001;23:531-6
88. Bertrand N, Leroux JC. The journey of a drug-carrier in the body: an anatomo-physiological perspective. J Control Release 2012;161:152-63
89. Romberg B, Oussoren C, Snel CJ, et al. Effect of liposome characteristics and dose on the pharmacokinetics of liposomes coated with poly(amino acid)s. Pharm Res 2007;24:2394-401
90. Awasthi VD, Garcia D, Klipper R, et al. Neutral and anionic liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: effect of postinserted poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine on distribution and circulation kinetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;309:241-8
91. Devine DV, Wong K, Serrano K, et al. Liposome-complement interactions in rat serum: implications for liposome survival studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1191:43-51
92. Hunt CA. Liposomes disposition in vivo. V. Liposome stability in plasma and implications for drug carrier function. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982;719:450-63
93. Semple SC, Chonn A, Cullis PR. Interactions of liposomes and lipid-based carrier systems with blood proteins: relation to clearance behaviour in vivo. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998;32:3-17
94. Kelly C, Jefferies C, Cryan SA. Targeted liposomal drug delivery to monocytes and macrophages. J Drug Deliv 2011;2011:727241
95. McDonald DM, Baluk P. Significance of blood vessel leakiness in cancer. Cancer Res 2002;62:5381-5
96. Schiffelers RM, Bakker-Woudenberg IA, Storm G. Localization of sterically stabilized liposomes in experimental rat Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia: dependence on circulation kinetics and presence of poly(ethylene)glycol coating. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000;1468:253-61
97. Lehr CM. Lectin-mediated drug delivery: the second generation of bioadhesives. J Control Release 2000;65:19-29
98. Bies C, Lehr CM, Woodley JF. Lectin-mediated drug targeting: history and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004;56:425-35
99. Sudheesh MS, Jain V, Shilakari G, et al. Development and characterization of lectin-functionalized vesicular constructs bearing amphotericin B for bio-film targeting. J Drug Target 2009;17:148-58
100. Keler T, Ramakrishna V, Fanger MW. Mannose receptor-targeted vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004;4:1953-62
101. Gupta G, Surolia A. Collectins: sentinels of innate immunity. BioEssays 2007;29:452-64
102. Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, et al. Efficient drug targeting to rat alveolar macrophages by pulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin incorporated into mannosylated liposomes for treatment of respiratory intracellular parasitic infections. J Control Release 2008;127:50-8
103. Boross P, Leusen JH. Boosting antibody therapy with complement. Blood 2012;119:5945-7
104. Maruyama K, Takahashi N, Tagawa T, et al. Immunoliposomes bearing polyethyleneglycol-coupled Fab' fragment show prolonged circulation time and high extravasation into targeted solid tumors in vivo. FEBS Lett 1997;413:177-80
105. Pan X, Lee RJ. Tumour-selective drug delivery via folate receptor-targeted liposomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2004;1:7-17
106. Riviere K, Huang Z, Jerger K, et al. Antitumor effect of folate-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in KB tumor-bearing mice after intravenous administration. J Drug Target 2011;19:14-24
107. Daniels TR, Delgado T, Helguera G, et al. The transferrin receptor part II: targeted delivery of therapeutic agents into cancer cells. Clin Immunol 2006;121:159-76
108. Suzuki R, Takizawa T, Kuwata Y, et al. Effective anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin encapsulated in transferrin-PEG-liposome. Int J Pharm 2008;346:143-50
109. Khazanov E, Simberg D, Barenholz Y. Lipoplexes prepared from cationic liposomes and mammalian DNA induce CpG-independent, direct cytotoxic effects in cell cultures and in mice. J Gene Med 2006;8:998-1007
110. Alhajlan M, Alhariri M, Omri A. Efficacy and safety of liposomal clarithromycin and its effect on pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:2694-704
111. Smistad G, Jacobsen J, Sande SA. Multivariate toxicity screening of liposomal formulations on a human buccal cell line. Int J Pharm 2007;330:14-22
112. Xu Y, Szoka FC Jr. Mechanism of DNA release from cationic liposome/DNA complexes used in cell transfection. Biochemistry 1996;35:5616-23
113. Dokka S, Toledo D, Shi X, et al. Oxygen radical-mediated pulmonary toxicity induced by some cationic liposomes. Pharm Res 2000;17:521-5
114. Christensen D, Agger EM, Andreasen LV, et al. Liposome-based cationic adjuvant formulations (CAF): past, present, and future. J Liposome Res 2009;19:2-11
115. Ross AC, Bell G, Halling PJ. Organic solvent functional group effect on enzyme inactivation by the interfacial mechanism. J Mol Catalysis B 2000;8:183-92
116. Mozafari MR. Liposomes: an overview of manufacturing techniques. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2005;10:711-19
117. Jamur MC, Oliver C. Permeabilization of cell membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2010;588:63-6
118. Omri A, Suntres ZE, Shek PN. Enhanced activity of liposomal polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rat model of lung infection. Biochem Pharmacol 2002;64:1407-13
119. Ali A, Kolappa Pillai K, Jalees Ahmad F, et al. Comparative efficacy of liposome-entrapped amiloride and free amiloride in animal models of seizures and serum potassium in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2007;17:227-9
120. Sande L, Sanchez M, Montes J, et al. Liposomal encapsulation of vancomycin improves killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a murine infection model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67:2191-4
121. Kadry AA, Al-Suwayeh SA, Abd-Allah AR, et al. Treatment of experimental osteomyelitis by liposomal antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54:1103-8
122. Drulis-Kawa Z, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Gubernator J, et al. The interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and cationic PC:Chol:DOTAP liposomal vesicles versus outer-membrane structure and envelope properties of bacterial cell. Int J Pharm 2009;367:211-19
123. Omri A, Ravaoarinoro M. Comparison of the bactericidal action of amikacin, netilmicin and tobramycin in free and liposomal formulation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemotherapy 1996;42:170-6
124. Rukholm G, Mugabe C, Azghani AO, et al. Antibacterial activity of liposomal gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a time-kill study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006;27:247-52
125. Drulis-Kawa Z, Gubernator J, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of liposomal meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Int J Pharm 2006;315:59-66
126. Kim HJ, Jones MN. The delivery of benzyl penicillin to Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by use of liposomes. J Liposome Res 2004;14:123-39
127. Moen MD, Lyseng-Williamson KA, Scott LJ. Liposomal amphotericin B: a review of its use as empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia and in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Drugs 2009;69:361-92
128. Cornely OA. Aspergillus to Zygomycetes: causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of invasive fungal infections. Infection 2008;36:296-313
129. Miceli MH, Chandrasekar P. Safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B for the empirical therapy of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Infect Drug Resist 2012;5:9-16
130. Wingard JR, White MH, Anaissie E, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparative trial evaluating the safety of liposomal amphotericin B versus amphotericin B lipid complex in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia. L Amph/ABLC Collaborative Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1155-63
131. Webb MS, Boman NL, Wiseman DJ, et al. Antibacterial efficacy against an in vivo Salmonella typhimurium infection model and pharmacokinetics of a liposomal ciprofloxacin formulation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:45-52
132. Leitzke S, Bucke W, Borner K, et al. Rationale for and efficacy of prolonged-interval treatment using liposome-encapsulated amikacin in experimental Mycobacterium avium infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:459-61
133. Dhillon J, Fielding R, Adler-Moore J, et al. The activity of low-clearance liposomal amikacin in experimental murine tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:869-76
134. de Steenwinkel JE, van Vianen W, Ten Kate MT, et al. Targeted drug delivery to enhance efficacy and shorten treatment duration in disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:1064-73
135. Meers P, Neville M, Malinin V, et al. Biofilm penetration, triggered release and in vivo activity of inhaled liposomal amikacin in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:859-68
136. Dupont L, Minic P, Fustic S, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled study of nebulized liposomal amikacin (Arikace-) in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection [abstract 102]. J Cystic Fibrosis 2008;7(Suppl 2):S26
137. Minic P, Fustic S, Solyom E, et al. A multi-cycle open label study of nebulized liposomal amikacin (Arikace-) in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection [abstract 217]. J Cystic Fibrosis 2011;10(Suppl 1):S55
138. Beaulac C, Sachetelli S, Lagace J. Aerosolization of low phase transition temperature liposomal tobramycin as a dry powder in an animal model of chronic pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Drug Target 1999;7:33-41
139. Deng JC, Moore TA, Newstead MW, et al. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate protective innate immunity against pulmonary Klebsiella infection. J Immunol 2004;173:5148-55
140. Puangpetch A, Anderson R, Huang YY, et al. Cationic liposomes extend the immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide against Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in BALB/c mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012;19:675-83
141. Gaspar MM, Cruz A, Penha AF, et al. Rifabutin encapsulated in liposomes exhibits increased therapeutic activity in a model of disseminated tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008;31:37-45
142. Agarwal A, Kandpal H, Gupta HP, et al. Tuftsin-bearing liposomes as rifampin vehicles in treatment of tuberculosis in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:588-93
143. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department. N Engl J Med 2006;355:666-74
144. Muppidi K, Wang J, Betageri G, et al. PEGylated liposome encapsulation increases the lung tissue concentration of vancomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:4537-42
145. Magallanes M, Dijkstra J, Fierer J. Liposome-incorporated ciprofloxacin in treatment of murine salmonellosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:2293-7
146. Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, et al. Efficient drug delivery to alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial lining fluid following pulmonary administration of liposomal ciprofloxacin in rats with pneumonia and estimation of its antibacterial effects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008;34:1090-6
147. Basu N, Sett R, Das PK. Down-regulation of mannose receptors on macrophages after infection with Leishmania donovani. Biochem J 1991;277:451-6
148. Rathore A, Jain A, Gulbake A, et al. Mannosylated liposomes bearing Amphotericin B for effective management of visceral Leishmaniasis. J Liposome Res 2011;21:333-40
149. Cencig S, Coltel N, Truyens C, et al. Parasitic loads in tissues of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and treated with AmBisome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011;5:e1216
150. Jadhav MP, Shinde VM, Chandrakala S, et al. A randomized comparative trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (Fungisome) versus conventional amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in India. Indian J Cancer 2012;49:107-13