Effective conservation depends upon understanding human behaviour

Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 344-361

  St John, Freya A V ^a   Keane, Aidan M ^b   Milner Gulland, Eleanor J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Conservation interventions; Decision making; Environmental behaviour; Human behaviour; Social science

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886563521     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118520178.ch19     Document Type: Chapter

References (94)

1. Agrawal, A. (2001) Common property institutions and sustainable governance of resources. World Development, 29, 1649-1672.
2. Agrawal, A., Chhatre, A. & Hardin, R. (2008) Changing governance of the world's forests. Science, 320, 1460-1462.
3. Aipanjiguly, S., Jacobson, S.K. & Flamm, R. (2003) Conserving manatees: knowledge, attitudes, and intentions of boaters in Tampa Bay, Florida. Conservation Biology, 17, 1098-1105.
4. Ajzen, I. (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
5. Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
6. Albarracín, D., Johnson, B.T., Fishbein, M. & Muellerleile, P.A. (2001) Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 142-161.
7. Albarracín, D., Johnson, B.T., Zanna, M.P. & Kumkale, T.G. (2005) Attitudes: introduction and scope. In: The Handbook of Attitudes (eds D. Albarracín, B.T. Johnson & M.P. Zanna), pp. 3-20. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
8. Alvard, M. (1993) Testing the ecologically noble savage hypothesis: interspecific prey choice by Piro hunters of Amazonian Peru. Human Ecology, 21, 355-387.
9. Anoliefo, G.O., Isikhuemhen, O.S. & Ochije, N.R. (2003) Environmental implications of the erosion of cultural taboo practices in Awka-South local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria: 1. Forests, trees, and water resource preservation. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16, 281-296.
10. Barrett, C.B. & Arcese, P. (1995) Are integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) sustainable? On the conservation of large mammals in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 23, 1073-1084.
11. Barrett, C.B. & Arcese, P. (1998) Wildlife harvest in integrated conservation and development projects: linking harvest to household demand, agricultural production, and environmental shocks in the Serengeti. Land Economics, 74, 449-465.
12. Barrett, C.B., Lee, D.R. & McPeak, J.G. (2005) Institutional arrangements for rural poverty reduction and resource conservation. World Development, 33, 193-197.
13. Becker, G. (1968) Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76, 169-217.
14. Berkes, F. (2004) Rethinking community-based conservation. Conservation Biology, 18, 621-630.
15. Blume, L.E. & Easley, D. (2008) Rationality. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (eds S.N. Durlauf & L.E. Blume). Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
16. Bockenholt, U. & van der Heijden, P.G. (2007) Item randomized-response models for measuring noncompliance: risk-return perceptions, social influences, and self-protective responses. Psychometrika, 72, 245-262.
17. Branch, T.A., Hilborn, R., Haynie, A.C., et al. (2006) Fleet dynamics and fishermen behavior: lessons for fisheries managers. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, 1647-1668.
18. Bulte, E., Gerking, S., List, J. & de Zeeuw, A. (2005) The effect of varying the causes of environmental problems on stated WTP values: evidence from a field study. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49, 330-342.
19. Camerer, C.F. (2003) Behavioural studies of strategic thinking in games. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 225-231.
20. Cardenas, J.C., Stranlund, J. & Willis, C. (2000) Local environmental control and institutional crowdingout. World Development, 28, 1719-1733.
21. Cavalcanti, S.M., Marchini, S., Zimmermann, A., Gese, E.M. & Macdonald, D.W. (2010) Jaguars, livestock and people in Brazil: realities and perceptions behind the conflict. In: The Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids (eds D.W. Macdonald & A. Loveridge), pp. 383-402. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
22. CBD (2007) About the 2010 Biodiversity Target. www.cbd.int/2010-target/about.shtml
23. Chen, X., Lupi, F., He, G. & Liu, J. (2009) Linking social norms to efficient conservation investment in payments for ecosystem services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 11812-11817.
24. Clements, T., John, A., Nielsen, K., An, D., Tan, S. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010) Payments for biodiversity conservation in the context of weak institutions: comparison of three programs from Cambodia. Ecological Economics, 69, 1283-1291.
25. Colyvan, M., Justus, J. & Regan, H.M. (2011) The conservation game. Biological Conservation, 144, 1246-1253.
26. Costa-Pierce, B.A. (1987) Aquaculture in ancient Hawaii. BioScience, 37, 320-331.
27. Crookes, D.J., Ankudey, N. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2005) The value of a long-term bushmeat market dataset as an indicator of system dynamics. Environmental Conservation, 32, 333-339.
28. Damania, R., Milner-Gulland, E.J. & Crookes, D.J. (2005) A bioeconomic analysis of bushmeat hunting. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 272, 259-266.
29. De Merode, E. & Cowlishaw, G. (2006) Species protection, the changing informal economy, and the politics of access to the bushmeat trade in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Conservation Biology, 20, 1262-1271.
30. Dobbs, T.L. & Pretty, J. (2008) Case study of agrienvironmental payments: the United Kingdom. Ecological Economics, 65, 765-775.
31. Ehrlich, P.R. & Pringle, R.M. (2008) Where does biodiversity go from here? A grim business-asusual forecast and a hopeful portfolio of partial solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 11579-11586.
32. Engel, S., Pagiola, S. & Wunder, S. (2008) Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: an overview of the issues. Ecological Economics, 65, 663-674.
33. Fehr, E. & Schmidt, K.M. (1999) A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, 817-868.
34. Fischbacher, U., Gächter, S. & Fehr, E. (2001) Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from a public goods experiment. Economics Letters, 71, 397-404.
35. Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
36. Gelcich, S., Edwards-Jones, G. & Kaiser, M.J. (2005) Importance of attitudinal differences among artisanal fishers toward co-management and conservation of marine resources. Conservation Biology, 19, 865-875.
37. Gillis, D.M. (2003) Ideal free distributions in fleet dynamics: a behavioral perspective on vessel movement in fisheries analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81, 177-187.
38. Gneezy, U. & Rustichini, A. (2000) A fine is a price. Journal of Legal Studies, 29, 1-17.
39. Hardin, G. (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243-1248.
40. Heckathorn, D.D. (1996) The dynamics and dilemmas of collective action. American Sociological Review, 61, 250-277.
41. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., et al. (2001) In search of Homo Economicus: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. American Economic Review, 91(2), 73-78.
42. Hilborn, R., Arcese, P., Borner, M., et al. (2006) Effective enforcement in a conservation area. Science, 314, 1266.
43. Hill, N.A.O., Rowcliffe, M., Koldeway, H., Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2012) The interaction between seaweed farming as an alternative occupaction and fisher numbers in the Central Philippines. Conservation Biology, 26, 324-334.
44. Holmes, C.M. (2003) The influence of protected area outreach on conservation attitudes and resource use patterns: a case study from western Tanzania. Oryx, 37, 305-315.
45. Hughes, R. & Flintan, F. (2001) Integrating Conservation and Development Experience: A Review and Bibliography of the ICDP Literature. International Institute for Environment and Development, London.
46. Isaac, R.M., Walker, J.M. & Williams, A.W. (1994) Group size and the voluntary provision of public goods: experimental evidence utilizing large groups. Journal of Public Economics, 54, 1-36.
47. Jachmann, H. (2008) Illegal wildlife use and protected area management in Ghana. Biological Conservation, 141, 1906-1918.
48. Jachmann, H. & Billiouw, M. (1997) Elephant poaching and law enforcement in the Central Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 233-244.
49. Johannes, R.E. (1978) Traditional marine conservation methods in Oceania and their demise. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 9, 349-364.
50. Johannesen, A.B. (2006) Designing integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs): illegal hunting, wildlife conservation, and the welfare of the local people. Environment and Development Economics, 11, 247-267.
51. Jones, J.P., Andriamarovololona, M.M. & Hockley, N. (2008a) The importance of taboos and social norms to conservation in Madagascar. Conservation Biology, 22, 976-986.
52. Jones, J.P., Andriamarovololona, M.M., Hockley, N., Gibbons, J.M. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2008b) Testing the use of interviews as a tool for monitoring trends in the harvesting of wild species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 1205-1212.
53. Keane, A., Jones, J.P.G., Edwards-Jones, G. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2008) The sleeping policeman: understanding issues of enforcement and compliance in conservation. Animal Conservation, 11, 75-82.
54. King, M.F. & Bruner, G.C. (2000) Social desirability bias: a neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology and Marketing, 17, 79-103.
55. Leader-Williams, N. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (1993) Policies for the enforcement of wildlife laws: the balance between detection and penalties in Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Conservation Biology, 7, 611-617.
56. Lensvelt-Mulders, G.J., Hox, J.J., van der Heijden, P.G. & Maas, C.J. (2005) Meta-analysis of randomized response research: thirty-five years of validation. Sociological Methods Research, 33, 319-348.
57. Ling, S. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2006) Assessment of the sustainability of bushmeat hunting based on dynamic bioeconomic models. Conservation Biology, 20, 1294-1299.
58. Linkie, M., Smith, R.J., Zhu, Y.U., et al. (2008) Evaluating biodiversity conservation around a large Sumatran protected area. Conservation Biology, 22, 683-690.
59. Majanen, T. (2007) Resource use conflicts in Mabini and Tingloy, the Philippines. Marine Policy, 31, 480-487.
60. Marchini, S. & Macdonald, D.W. (2012) Predicting ranchers' intention to kill jaguars: case studies in Amazonia and Pantanal. Biological Conservation, 147, 213-221.
61. Milner-Gulland, E.J. & Clayton, L. (2002) The trade in babirusas and wild pigs in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Economics, 42, 165-183.
62. Milner-Gulland, E.J. & Leader-Williams, N. (1992) A model of incentives for the illegal exploitation of black rhinos and elephants: poaching pays in Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29, 388-401.
63. Milner-Gulland, E.J. & Rowcliffe, J.M. (2007) Conservation and Sustainable Use: A Handbook of Techniques. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
64. Nicholson, E., Mace, G.M., Armsworth, P.R., et al. (2009) Priority research areas for ecosystem services in a changing world. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, 1139-1144.
65. Oates, J.F. (1999) Myth and Reality in the Rainforest: How Conservation Strategies are Failing in West Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
66. Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: the Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
67. Ostrom, E. (2000) Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14, 137-158.
68. Ostrom, E., Gardener, R. & Walker, J. (1994) Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
69. Pagiola, S. (2008) Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics, 65, 712-724.
70. Petróczi, A., Mazanov, J., Nepusz, T., Backhouse, S. & Naughton, D. (2008) Comfort in big numbers: does over-estimation of doping prevalence in others indicate self-involvement? Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 3, 19.
71. Poteete, A.R., Janssen, M.A. & Ostrom, E. (2010) Working Together: Collective Action, the Commons, and Multiple Methods in Practice. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
72. Rae, A.N. (1971) Stochastic programming, utility, and sequential decision problems in farm management. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 53, 448-460.
73. Ravallion, M. (2007) Evaluating anti-poverty programs. In: Handbook of Development Economics, Vol 4 (eds T.P. Schultz & J. Strauss), pp. 3787-3846. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
74. Rowcliffe, J.M., Cowlishaw, G. & Long, J. (2003) A model of human hunting impacts in multi-prey communities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 872-889.
75. Rowcliffe, J.M., de Merode, E. & Cowlishaw, G. (2004) Do wildlife laws work? Species protection and the application of a prey choice model to poaching decisions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271, 2631-2636.
76. Schlegel, R.P., Davernas, J.R., Zanna, M.P., DeCourville, N.H. & Manske, S.R. (1992) Problem drinking: a problem for the theory of reasoned action? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 358-385.
77. Sievanen, L., Crawford, B., Pollnac, R. & Lowe, C. (2005) Weeding through assumptions of livelihood approaches in ICM: seaweed farming in the Philippines and Indonesia. Ocean snf Coastal Management, 48, 297-313.
78. Silva, R.S. & Vieira, E.M. (2009) Frequency and characteristics of induced abortion among married and single women in São Paulo, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 25(1), 179-187.
79. Solomon, J., Jacobson, S.K., Wald, K.D. & Gavin, M. (2007) Estimating illegal resource use at a Ugandan park with the randomized response technique. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 12, 75-88.
80. St John, F.A.V., Edwards-Jones, G., Gibbons, J.M. & Jones, J.P. (2010a) Testing novel methods for assessing rule breaking in conservation. Biological Conservation, 143, 1025-1030.
81. St John, F.A.V., Edwards-Jones, G. & Jones, J.P. (2010b) Conservation and human behaviour: lessons from social psychology. Wildlife Research, 37, 658-667.
82. St John, F.A.V., Keane, A.M., Edwards-Jones, G., Jones, L., Yarnell, R.W. & Jones, J.P. (2011) Identifying indicators of illegal behaviour: carnivore killing in human-managed landscapes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1729), 804-812.
83. Sutinen, J.G. & Gauvin, J.R. (1989) Assessing compliance with fishery regulations. Maritimes, 33, 10-12.
84. Swain, D.P. & Wade, E.J. (2003) Spatial distribution of catch and effort in a fishery for snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio): tests of predictions of the ideal free distribution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 60, 897-909.
85. Titmuss, R.M. (1970) The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy. Allen and Unwin, London.
86. Travers, H., Clements, T., Keane, A. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2011) Incentives for cooperation: the effects of institutional controls on common pool resource extraction in Cambodia. Ecological Economics, 71, 151-161.
87. Van Vuuren, D.P. & Bouwman, L.F. (2005) Exploring past and future changes in the ecological footprint for world regions. Ecological Economics, 52, 43-62.
88. Vollan, B. (2008) Socio-ecological explanations for crowding-out effects from economic field experiments in southern Africa. Ecological Economics, 67, 560-573.
89. Warner, S.L. (1965) Randomized response: a survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 60, 63-69.
90. Waylen, K.A., McGowan, P.J.K., Pawi Study Group & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009) Ecotourism positively affects awareness and attitudes but not conservation behaviours: a case study at Grande Riviere, Trinidad. Oryx, 43, 343-351.
91. Waylen, K.A., Fischer, A., McGowan, P.J.K., Thirgood, S.J. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010) Effect of local cultural context on the success of community-based conservation interventions. Conservation Biology, 24, 1119-1129.
92. Wilkie, D.S. & Godoy, R.A. (2001) Income and price elasticities of bushmeat demand in lowland Amerindian societies. Conservation Biology, 15, 761-769.
93. Wilshusen, P.R., Brechin, S.R., Fortwangler, C.L. & West, P.C. (2002) Reinventing a square wheel: critique of a resurgent "Protection Paradigm" in international biodiversity conservation. Society and Natural Resources, 15, 17-40.
94. Zubair, M. & Garforth, C. (2006) Farm level tree planting in Pakistan: the role of farmers' perceptions and attitudes. Agroforestry Systems, 66, 217-229.