Is Rapid Adaptive Evolution Important in Successful Invasions?

Fifty Years of Invasion Ecology: The Legacy of Charles Elton

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 175-193

  Dormontt, Eleanor E ^a   Lowe, Andrew J ^b   Prentis, Peter J ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^b State Herbarium of South Australia   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Combined genome scan and QTL mapping approach identifying genes or small chromosomal regions underlying adaptive phenotypic change; Ecological explanations of invasion success literature on biological invasions since Elton's seminal publication; Enemy release and rapid adaptive evolution; Enemy release facilitate rapid adaptive evolution; Original study, supporting evidence for predictions in purple loosestrife; Propagule pressure and rapid adaptive evolution; Rapid adaptive evolution in invasive species; Rapid adaptive evolution importance in successful invasions; Support for importance of propagule pressure in biological invasions; Two of main ecological explanations for invasion success

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886052135     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444329988.ch14     Document Type: Chapter

References (133)

1. Abbott, R.J.(1992)Plant invasions, interspecific hybridization and the evolution of new plant taxa. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 7, 401-405.
2. Amsellem, L., Noyer, J.L., Le Bourgeois, T. & Hossaert-McKey, M.(2000)Comparison of genetic diversity of the invasive weed Rubus alceifolius Poir. (Rosaceae) in its native range and in areas of introduction, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Molecular Ecology, 9, 443-455.
3. Amsellem, L., Noyer, J.L. & Hossaert-McKey, M.(2001) Evidence for a switch in the reproductive biology of Rubus alceifolius (Rosaceae) towards apomixis, between its native range and its area of introduction. American Journal of Botany, 88, 2243-2251.
4. Arnold, M.L. & Hodges, S.A.(1995)Are natural hybrids fit or unfit relative to their parents? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 10, 67-70.
5. Baack, E.J. and Rieseberg, L.H.(2007)A genomic view of introgression and hybrid speciation. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 17, 513-518.
6. Bailey, J.P., Bimova, K. & Mandak, B.(2009)Asexual spread versus sexual reproduction and evolution in Japanese Knotweeds.1. sets the stage for the ' Battle of the Clones '. Biological Invasions, 11, 1189-1203.
7. Baird, N.A., Etter, P.D., Atwood, T.S., Currey, M.C., Shiver, A.L., Lewis, Z.A., Sleker, E.U. Cresko, W.A. & Johnson, E.A. (2008)Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers. PLoS ONE, 3, e3376.
8. Baker, H.G.(1955)Self-compatibility and establishment after ' long-distance'dispersal. Evolution, 9, 347-349.
9. Baker, H.G.(1974)The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 5, 1-24.
10. Baker, H.G & Stebbins, G.L. (eds.)(1965)The genetics of colonizing species. Academic Press, New York.
11. Barrett, R.D.H., Rogers, S.M. & Schluter, D.(2008)Natural selection on a major armor gene in threespine stickleback. Science, 322, 255-257.
12. Barrett, R.D.H. & Schluter, D.(2008)Adaptation from standing genetic variation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23, 38-44.
13. Beaumont, M.A. and Balding, D.J.(2004)Identifying adaptive genetic divergence among populations from genome scans. Molecular Ecology, 13, 969-980.
14. Beaumont, H.J.E., Gallie, J., Kost, C., Ferguson, G.C. & Rainey, P.B.(2009)Experimental evolution of bet-hedging. Nature, 462, 90-93.
15. Beckstead, J. & Parker, I.M.(2003)Invasiveness of Ammophila arenaria: Release from soil-borne pathogens? Ecology, 84, 2824-2831.
16. Besnard, G., Henry, P., Wille, L., Cooke, D. & Chapuis, E. (2007)On the origin of the invasive olives(Olea europaea L., Oleaceae). Heredity, 99, 608-619.
17. Blossey, B. & Notzold, R.(1995)Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants-a hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 83, 887-889.
18. Blum, M.J., Bando, K.J., Katz, M. & Strong, D.R.(2007) Geographic structure, genetic diversity and source tracking of Spartina alternifiora. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 2055-2069.
19. Blumenthal, D.M.(2006)Interactions between resource availability and enemy release in plant invasion. Ecology Letters, 9, 887-895.
20. Bossdorf, O., Auge, H., Lafuma, L., Rogers, W.E., Siemann, E. & Prati, D.(2005)Phenotypic and genetic differentiation between native and introduced plant populations. Oecologia, 144, 1-11.
21. Bossdorf, O., Prati, D., Auge, H. & Schmid, B.(2004)Reduced competitive ability in an invasive plant. Ecology Letters, 7, 346-353.
22. Brown, A.H.D. & Marshall, D.R.(1981)Evolutionary changes accompanying colonization in plants. In Evolution Today (ed. G.E.C. Scudder and J.L. Reveal), pp. 351-363. Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh.
23. Burdon, J.J. & Brown, A.H.D.(1986)Population genetics of Echium plantagineum L.-target weed for biological control. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 39, 369-378.
24. Callaway, R.M. & Maron, J.L.(2006)What have exotic plant invasions taught us over the past 20 years? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21, 369-374.
25. Cappuccino, N. & Carpenter, D.(2005)Invasive exotic plants suffer less herbivory than non-invasive exotic plants. Biology Letters, 1, 435-438.
26. Chaboudez, P.(1994)Patterns of clonal variation in skeleton weed(Chondrilla juncea), an apomictic species. Australian Journal of Botany, 42, 283-295.
27. Chun, Y.J., Fumanal, B., Laitungm, B. & Bretagnolle, F. (2010)Gene fiow and population admixture as the primary post-invasion processes in common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in France. New Phytologist, 185, 1100-1107.
28. Clegg, M.T. & Allard, R.W.(1972)Patterns of genetic differentiation in the slender wild oat species Avena barbata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 69, 1820-1824.
29. Colautti, R.I., Eckert, C.G. & Barrett, S.C.H.(2010) Evolutionary constraints on adaptive evolution during range expansion in an invasive plant. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277, 1799-1806.
30. Colautti, R.I., Grigorovich, I.A. & MacIsaac, H.J.(2006) Propagule pressure: a null model for biological invasions. Biological Invasions, 8, 1023-1037.
31. Colautti, R.I., Maron, J.L. & Barrett, S.C.H.(2009)Common garden comparisons of native and introduced plant populations: latitudinal clines can obscure evolutionary inferences. Evolutionary Applications, 2, 187-199.
32. Colautti, R.I., Ricciardi, A., Grigorovich, I.A. & MacIsaac, H.J. (2004)Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis? Ecology Letters, 7, 721-733.
33. Colosimo, P.F., Hosemann, K.E., Balabhadra, S., et al.(2005) Widespread parallel evolution in sticklebacks by repeated fixation of ectodysplasin alleles. Science, 5717, 1928-1933.
34. Darwin, C.(1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Murray, London.
35. DeWalt, S.J., Denslow, J.S. & Ickes, K.(2004)Natural-enemy release facilitates habitat expansion of the invasive tropical shrub Clidemia hirta. Ecology, 85, 471-483.
36. DeWalt, S.J. & Hamrick, J.L.(2004)Genetic variation of introduced Hawaiian and native Costa Rican populations of an invasive tropical shrub, Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae). American Journal of Botany, 91, 1155-1163.
37. Dlugosch, K.M. & Parker, I.M.(2008a)Founding events in species invasions: genetic variation, adaptive evolution, and the role of multiple introductions. Molecular Ecology, 17, 431-449.
38. Dlugosch, K.M. & Parker, I.M.(2008b)Invading populations of an ornamental shrub show rapid life history evolution despite genetic bottlenecks. Ecology Letters, 11, 701-709.
39. Durka, W., Bossdorf, O., Prati, D. & Auge, H.(2005)Molecular evidence for multiple introductions of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae) to North America. Molecular Ecology, 14, 1697-1706.
40. Edwards, P.J., Frey, D., Bailer, H. & Baltisberger, M.(2006) Genetic variation in native and invasive populations of Erigeron annuus as assessed by RAPD markers. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 167, 93-101.
41. Ellstrand, N.C. & Schierenbeck, K(2000)Hybridization as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 97, 7043-7050.
42. Elton, C.S.(1958)The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. Methuen, London.
43. Eppinga, M.B., Rietkerk, M., Dekker, S.C., De Ruiter, P.C. & Van der Putten, W.H.(2006)Accumulation of local pathogens: a new hypothesis to explain exotic plant invasions. Oikos, 114, 168-176.
44. Eriksson, O., Wikstrom, S., Eriksson, A. & Lindborg, R.(2006) Species-rich Scandinavian grasslands are inherently open to invasion. Biological Invasions, 8, 355-363.
45. Estoup, A., Wilson, I.J., Sullivan, C., Cornuet, J.M. & Moritz, C.(2001)Inferring population history from microsatellite and enzyme data in serially introduced cane toads, Bufo marinus. Genetics, 159, 1671-1687.
46. Fatemi, M., Gross, C., Julien, M. & Duggin, J.A.(2008)Phyla canescens: multiple introductions into Australia as revealed by ISSR markers and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS). In Proceedings of the 16th Australian Weeds Conference (ed. R.D. Van Klinken, V.A. Osten, F.D. Panetta and J.C. Scanlan), pp. 247-249. Queensland Weeds Society, Brisbane.
47. Fridley, J.D., Stachowicz, J.J., Naeem, S., Sax, D.F., Seabloom, E.W., Smith, M.D., Stohlgren, T.J., Tilman, D. & Von Holle, B.(2007)The invasion paradox: reconciling pattern and process in species invasions. Ecology, 88, 3-17.
48. Garcia, P., Vences, F.J., Delavega, M.P. & Allard, R.W.(1989) Allelic and genotypic composition of ancestral Spanish and colonial Californian gene pools of Avena barbata-evolutionary implications. Genetics, 122, 687-694.
49. Genton, B.J., Shykoff, J.A. & Giraud, T.(2005)High genetic diversity in French invasive populations of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, as a result of multiple sources of introduction. Molecular Ecology, 14, 4275-4285.
50. Grotkopp, E. & Rejmánek, M.(2007)High seedling relative growth rate and specific leaf area are traits of invasive species: phylogenetically independent contrasts of woody angiosperms. American Journal of Botany, 94, 526-532.
51. Hannan-Jones, M.A., Lowe, A.J., Scott, K.D., Graham, G.C., Playford, J.P. & Zalucki, M.P.(2005)Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from mother-of-millions, Bryophyllum delagoense (Crassulaceae), and its hybrid with Bryophyllum daigremontianum, ' Houghton's hybrid '. Molecular Ecology Notes, 5, 770-773.
52. Hendry, A.P., Nosil, P. & Rieseberg, L.H.(2007)The speed of ecological speciation. Functional Ecology, 21, 455-464.
53. Hermisson, J. & Pennings, P.S.(2005)Soft sweeps: molecular population genetics of adaptation from standing genetic variation. Genetics, 169, 2335-2352
54. Hierro, J.L., Maron, J.L. & Callaway, R.M.(2005)A biogeographical approach to plant invasions: the importance of studying exotics in their introduced and native range. Journal of Ecology, 93, 5-15.
55. Hohenlohe, P.A., Bassham, S., Etter, P.D., Stiffier, N., Johnson, E.A. & Cresko, W.A.(2010)Population genomics of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags. PLoS Genetics, 6, e1000862.
56. Huey, R.B., Gilchrist, G.W., Carlson, M.L., Berrigan, D. & Serra, L.(2000)Rapid evolution of a geographic cline in size in an introduced fiy. Science, 287, 308-309.
57. Hull-Sanders, H.M., Clare, R., Johnson, R.H. & Meyer, G.A. (2007)Evaluation of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis: loss of defense against generalist but not specialist herbivores. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33, 781-799.
58. Hufbauer, R.A. & Sforza, R.(2008)Multiple introductions of two invasive Centaurea taxa inferred from cpDNA haplotypes. Diversity and Distributions, 14, 252-261.
59. Jahodova, S., Trybush, S., Pyšek, P., Wade, M. & Karp, A. (2007)Invasive species of Heracleum in Europe: an insight into genetic relationships and invasion history. Diversity and Distributions, 13, 99-114.
60. Joshi, J. & Vrieling, K.(2005)The enemy release and EICA hypothesis revisited: incorporating the fundamental difference between specialist and generalist herbivores. Ecology Letters, 8, 704-714.
61. Kang, M., Buckley, Y.M. & Lowe, A.J.(2007)Testing the role of genetic factors across multiple independent invasions of the shrub Scotch broom(Cytisus scoparius). Molecular Ecology, 16, 4662-4673.
62. Keane, R.M. & Crawley, M.J.(2002)Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 164-170.
63. Keller, S.R., Sowell, D.R., Neiman, M., Wolfe, L.M. & Taylor D.R.(2009)Adaptation and colonization history affect the evolution of clines in two introduced species. New Phytologist, 183, 678-690.
64. Keller, S.R. & Taylor, D.R.(2008)History, chance and adaptation during biological invasion: separating stochastic phenotypic evolution from response to selection. Ecology Letters, 11, 852-866.
65. Kolbe, J.J., Larson, A., Losos, J.B. & de Queiroz, K.(2008) Admixture determines genetic diversity and population differentiation in the biological invasion of a lizard species. Biology Letters, 4, 434-437.
66. Lavergne, S. & Molofsky, J.(2007)Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104, 3883-3888.
67. Lee, P.L.M., Patel, R.M., Conlan, R.S., Wainwright, S.J. & Hipkin, C.R.(2004)Comparison of genetic diversities in native and alien populations of hoary mustard(Hirschfeldia incana [L.] Lagreze-Fossat). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 165, 833-843.
68. Le Roux, J.J., Wieczorek, A.M., Wright, M.G. & Tran, C.T. (2007)Super-genotype: global monoclonality defies the odds of nature. PLoS ONE, 2, e590.
69. Lexer, C., Welch, M.E., Raymond, O. & Rieseberg, L.H.(2003) The origin of ecological divergence in Helianthus paradoxus (Asteraceae): selection on transgressive characters in a novel hybrid habitat. Evolution, 57, 1989-2000.
70. Liu, H. & Stiling, P.(2006)Testing the enemy release hypothesis: a review and meta-analysis. Biological Invasions, 8, 1535-1545.
71. Lockwood, J.L., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, T.(2005)The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20, 223-228.
72. Maron, J.L.(2006)The relative importance of latitude matching and propagule pressure in the colonization success of an invasive forb. Ecography, 29, 819-826.
73. Maron, J.L., Vila, M., Bommarco, R., Elmendorf, S. & Beardsley, P.(2004)Rapid evolution of an invasive plant. Ecological Monographs, 74, 261-280.
74. Marrs, R.A., Sforza, R. & Hufbauer, R.A.(2008a)Evidence for multiple introductions of Centaurea stoebe micranthos (spotted knapweed, Asteraceae) to North America. Molecular Ecology, 17, 4197-4208.
75. Marrs, R.A., Sforza, R. & Hufbauer, R.A.(2008b)When invasion increases population genetic structure: a study with Centaurea diffusa. Biological Invasions, 10, 561-572.
76. Meekins, J.F., Ballard, H.E. & McCarthy, B.C.(2001)Genetic variation and molecular biogeography of a North American invasive plant species(Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162, 161-169.
77. Meimberg, H., Hammond, J.I., Jorgensen, C.M., et al.(2006) Molecular evidence for an extreme genetic bottleneck during introduction of an invading grass to California. Biological Invasions, 8, 1355-1366.
78. Meyer, G., Clare, R. & Weber, E.(2005)An experimental test of the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis in goldenrod, Solidago gigantea. Oecologia, 144, 299-307.
79. Meyer, G.A. & Hull-Sanders, H.M.(2008)Altered patterns of growth, physiology and reproduction in invasive genotypes of Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae). Biological Invasions, 10, 303-317.
80. Miller, M.R., Dunham, J.P., Amores, A., Cresko, W.A. & Johnson, E.A.(2007)Rapid and cost-effective polymorphism identification and genotyping using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers. Genome Research, 17, 240-248.
81. Milne, R.I. & Abbott, R.J.(2004)Geographic origin and taxonomic status of the invasive privet, Ligustrum robustum (Oleaceae), in the Mascarene Islands, determined by chloroplast DNA and RAPDs. Heredity, 92, 78-87.
82. Mitchell, C.E. & Power, A.G.(2003)Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens. Nature, 421, 625-627.
83. Molina-Freaner, F. & Jain, S.K.(1992)Isozyme variation in Californian and Turkish populations of the colonizing species Trifolium hirtum. Journal of Heredity, 83, 423-430.
84. Muller, C. & Martens, N.(2005)Testing predictions of the ' evolution of increased competitive ability'hypothesis for an invasive crucifer. Evolutionary Ecology, 19, 533-550.
85. Neuffer, B. & Hurka, H.(1999)Colonization history and introduction dynamics of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) in North America: isozymes and quantitative traits. Molecular Ecology, 8, 1667-1681.
86. Novak, S.J. & Mack, R.N.(1993)Genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae)-comparison between native and introduced populations. Heredity, 71, 167-176.
87. Novak, S.J., Mack, R.N. & Soltis, D.E.(1991) Genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae)-population differentiation in its North-American range. American Journal of Botany, 78, 1150-1161.
88. Orians, C.M. & Ward, D.(2010) Evolution of plant defenses in nonindigenous environments. Annual Review of Entomology, 55, 439-459.
89. Parker, J.D., Burkepile, D.E. & Hay, M.E.(2006)Opposing effects of native and exotic herbivores on plant invasions. Science, 311, 1459-1461.
90. Parker, J.D. & Hay, M.E.(2005)Biotic resistance to plant invasions? Native herbivores prefer non-native plants. Ecology Letters, 8, 959-967.
91. Phillips, B.L., Brown, G.P., Webb, J.K. & Shine, R.(2006) Invasion and the evolution of speed in toads. Nature, 439, 803.
92. Prentis, P.J., Sigg, D.P., Raghu, S., Dhileepan, K., Pavasovic, A. & Lowe, A.J.(2009)Understanding invasion history: genetic structure and diversity of two globally invasive plants and implications for their management. Diversity and Distributions, 15, 822-830.
93. Prentis, P.J., White, E.M., Radford, I.J., Lowe, A.J. & Clarke, A.R.(2007)Can hybridization cause local extinction: a case for demographic swamping of the Australian native Senecio pinnatifolius by the invasive Senecio madagascariensis ? New Phytologist, 176, 902-912.
94. Prentis, P.J., Wilson J.R.U., Dormontt, E.E., Richardson, D.M. & Lowe, A.J.(2008)Adaptive evolution in invasive species. Trends in Plant Science, 13, 288-294.
95. Rainey, P.B. & Travisano, M.(1998)Adaptive radiation in a heterogeneous environment. Nature, 394, 69-72.
96. Rieseberg, L.H., Archer, M.A. & Wayne, R.K.(1999) Transgressive segregation, adaptation and speciation. Heredity, 83, 363-372.
97. Rieseberg, L.H., Raymond, O., Rosenthal, D.M., et al.(2003) Major ecological transitions in wild sunfiowers facilitated by hybridization. Science, 301, 1211-1216.
98. Ricciardi, A.(2007)Are modern biological invasions an unprecedented form of global change? Conservation Biology, 21, 329-336.
99. Richardson, D.M. & Pyšek, P.(2006)Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Progress in Physical Geography, 30, 409-431.
100. Roman, J.(2006)Diluting the founder effect: cryptic invasions expand a marine invader's range. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 2453-2459.
101. Roman, J. & Darling, J.A.(2007)Paradox lost: genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 22, 454-464.
102. Rosenthal, D.M., Ramakrishnan, A.P. & Cruzan, M.B.(2008) Evidence for multiple sources of invasion and intraspecific hybridization in Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. in North America. Molecular Ecology, 17, 4657-4669.
103. Rouget, M. & Richardson, D.M.(2003)Inferring process from pattern in plant invasions: A semimechanistic model incorporating propagule pressure and environmental factors. American Naturalist, 162, 713-724.
104. Rundle, H.D. & Whitlock, M.C.(2001)A genetic interpretation of ecologically dependent isolation. Evolution, 55, 198-201.
105. Saltonstall, K.(2002)Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of the common reed, Phragmites australis, into North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 99, 2445-2449.
106. Schmid-Hempel, P., Schmid-Hempel, R., Brunner, P.C., Seeman, O.D. & Allen, G.R.(2007). Invasion success of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, despite a drastic genetic bottleneck. Heredity, 99, 414-422.
107. Siemann, E., Rogers, W.E. & Dewalt, S.J.(2006)Rapid adaptation of insect herbivores to an invasive plant. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 2763-2769.
108. Simberloff, D.(2009)The role of propagule pressure in biological invasions. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 40, 81-102.
109. Squirrell, J., Hollingsworth, P.M., Bateman, R.M., et al. (2001a)Partitioning and diversity of nuclear and organelle markers in native and introduced populations of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 88, 1409-1418.
110. Squirrell, J., Hollingsworth, P.M., Bateman, R.M., et al. (2001b)Erratum: partitioning and diversity of nuclear and organelle markers in native and introduced populations of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae) American Journal of Botany, 88, 1927.
111. Stastny, M., Schaffner, U. & Elle, E.(2005)Do vigour of introduced populations and escape from specialist herbivores contribute to invasiveness? Journal of Ecology, 93, 27-37.
112. Stebbins, G.L.(1957)Self fertilization and population variability in the higher plants. American Naturalist, 91, 337-354.
113. Stinchcombe, J.R. & Hoekstra, H.E.(2008)Combining population genomics and quantitative genetics: finding the genes underlying ecologically important traits. Heredity, 100, 158-170
114. Sun, J.H., Li, Z.C., Jewett, D.K., Britton, K.O., Ye, W.H. & Ge, X.J.(2005)Genetic diversity of Pueraria lobata (kudzu) and closely related taxa as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis. Weed Research, 45, 255-260.
115. Taylor, D.R. & Keller, S.R.(2007)Historical range expansion determines the phylogenetic diversity introduced during contemporary species invasion. Evolution, 61, 334-345.
116. Thorpe, A.S., Thelen, G.C., Diaconu, A. & Callaway, R.M. (2009)Root exudate is allelopathic in invaded community but not in native community: field evidence for the novel weapons hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 97, 641-645.
117. Thuiller, W., Richardson, D.M., Rouget, M., Procheş, S. & Wilson, J.R.U.(2006)Interactions between environment species traits, and human uses describe patterns of plant invasions. Ecology, 87, 1755-1769.
118. Travis, J.M.J., Hammershoj, M. & Stephenson, C.(2005) Adaptation and propagule pressure determine invasion dynamics: insights from a spatially explicit model for sexually reproducing species. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 37-51.
119. Von Holle, B. & Simberloff, D.(2005)Ecological resistance to biological invasion overwhelmed by propagule pressure. Ecology, 86, 3212-3218.
120. Vigouroux, Y., McMullen, M., Hittinger, C.T., et al.(2002) Identifying genes of agronomic importance in maize by screening microsatellites for evidence of selection during domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 99, 9650-9655.
121. Warwick, S.I., Thompson, B.K. & Black, L.D.(1987)Genetic-variation in Canadian and European populations of the colonizing weed species Apera spica-venti. New Phytologist, 106, 301-317.
122. Whitney, K.D., Ahern, J.R. & Campbell, L.G.(2009) Hybridization-prone plant families do not generate more invasive species. Biological Invasions, 11, 1205-1215.
123. Whitney, K.D. & Gabler, C.A.(2008)Rapid evolution in introduced species, ' invasive traits'and recipient communities: challenges for predicting invasive potential. Diversity and Distributions, 14, 569-580.
124. Whitney, K.D., Randell, R.A. & Rieseberg, L.H.(2006) Adaptive introgression of herbivore resistance traits in the weedy sunfiower Helianthus annuus. American Naturalist, 167, 794-807.
125. Whitney, K.D., Randell, R.A. & Rieseberg, L.H.(2010) Adaptive introgression of abiotic tolerance traits in the sunfiower Helianthus annuus. New Phytologist, 187, 230-239.
126. Wikstrom, S.A., Steinarsdottir, M.B., Kautsky, L. & Pavia, H. (2006)Increased chemical resistance explains low herbivore colonization of introduced seaweed. Oecologia, 148, 593-601.
127. Williams, D.A., Overholt, W.A., Cuda, J.P. & Hughes, C.R. (2005)Chloroplast and microsatellite DNA diversities reveal the introduction history of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius)in Florida. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3643-3656.
128. Wilson, J.R.U., Richardson, D.M., Rouget, M., et al.(2007) Residence time and potential range: crucial considerations in modelling plant invasions. Diversity and Distributions, 13, 11-22.
129. Wilson, J.R.U., Dormontt, E.E., Prentis, P.J., Lowe, A.J. & Richardson, D.M.(2009)Something in the way you move: dispersal pathways affect invasion success. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24, 136-144.
130. Wootton, J.C., Feng, X., Ferdig, M.T., et al.(2002)Genetic diversity and chloroquine selective sweeps in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature, 418, 320-323.
131. Xu, C.Y., Julien, M.H., Fatemi, M., et al.(2010)Phenotypic divergence during the invasion of Phyla canescens in Australia and France: evidence for selection-driven evolution. Ecology Letters, 13, 32-44.
132. Zang, Y.Y., Zang, D.Y. & Barrett, S.C.H.(2010)Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant. Molecular Ecology, 19, 1774-1786.
133. Zangerl, A.R. & Berenbaum, M.R.(2005)Increase in toxicity of an invasive weed after reassociation with its coevolved herbivore. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102, 15529-15532.