Significance of regulation limits in mycotoxin contamination in Asia and risk management programs at the national level

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 227-241

  Anukul, Nampeung ^a   Vangnai, Kanithaporn ^a   Mahakarnchandkul, Warapa ^a  

^a KASETSART UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Asia; Food Safety; Mycotoxins; Risk Management; Toxin contamination

Indexed keywords

AFLATOXIN; FUMONISIN; MYCOTOXIN; OCHRATOXIN; ZEARALENONE;

ASIA; COMMUNITY; CONSUMER; EXPOSURE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD SAFETY; HEALTH; HEALTH PROGRAM; REVIEW; RISK MANAGEMENT; THAILAND; THREAT;

ANIMALIA; FUNGI;

EID: 84885675392     PISSN: 10219498     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.009     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. FAO. Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003. FAO food and nutrition paper no. 81. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2004. http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5499e/y5499e00.HTM [Last accessed 07.02.13].
2. Srianujata S. Regulatory update and control measures for prevention and reduction of mycotoxins contamination in foods and feeds. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
3. Chu FS. Mode of action of mycotoxins and related compounds. Adv Appl Microbiol 1997;40:352-7.
4. Reddy SV, Kiranmayi D, Uma RM, et al. Anatoxin Bl in different grades of chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) in India as determined by indirect competitive ELISA. Food Addit Contam 2001;18:553-8.
5. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. In: WHO IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans vol. 82. Lyon, France: IARC; 2002.
6. Scott PM. Methods for determination of anatoxin Ml in milk and milk products - a review of performance characteristics. Food Addit Contam 1989;6:283-305.
7. Park DL, Liang B. Perspectives on aflatoxin control for human food and animal feed. Trend Food Sci Technol 1993;10:334-42.
8. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Abdel-Galil MM, Hassan AM, et al. Zizyhus spina-christi extract protects against aflatoxin Blintitiated hepatic carcinogenicity. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2007;4:248-56.
9. Tejada AW, Rustia A. Risk assessment of contaminants in foods: mycotoxins and pesticide residues. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
10. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Aflatoxins. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans vol. 56. Lyon, France: IARC; 1993. p. 243-395.
11. Lewis L, Onsongo M, Njapau H, et al. The Kenya aflatoxicosis investigation group. Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in Eastern and Central Kenya. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1763-7.
12. Yoshizawa T. A current situation of mycotoxin management in Asia in relation to recent actions in Japan, proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference. International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
13. Obrian GR, Georgianna DR, Wilkinson JR, et al. The effect of elevated temperature on gene transcription and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Mycologia 2007;99:232-9.
14. Galvez F C F, Francisco M L DL, Lustre AO, et al. Monograph series no. 3: control of aflatoxin in raw peanuts through proper manual sorting. United States Agency for International Development Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program; 2002. p. 49.
15. Mahakamchanakul W, Anukul N, Kooprasertying P. Significance of the occurrence of mycotoxins in food in Thailand. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
16. Tangmunkhong P, Tulayakul P, Jala P, et al. Aflatoxin, zearalenone, fumonisin and T-2/HT-2 toxins contamination in feedstuffs in Thailand from year 2008-2011. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
17. Marasas W F O. Discovery and occurrence of the fumonisins: a historical perspective. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:239-43.
18. Bane DP, Neumann EJ, Hall WF, et al. Relationship between fumonisin contamination of feed and mystery swine disease. A case-control study. Mycopathologia 1992;117:121-4.
19. Moss MO. Mycotoxin review-2. Fusarium. Mycologist 2002;16:158-61.
20. Stevens V, Tang J. Fumonisin Bl-induced sphingolipid depletion inhibits vitamin uptake via the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored folate receptor. J Biol Chem 1997;272:18020-5.
21. Missmer SA, Suarez I, Felkner M, et al. Exposure to fumonisins and the occurrence of neural tube defects along the Texas-Mexico border. Environ Health Perspect 2006;114:237-41.
22. Rheeder JP, Marasas W F O, Vismer HF. Production of fumonisin analogs by Fusarium species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002;68:2101-5.
23. Ali N, Sardjono, Yamashita A, et al. Natural co-occurrence of aflatoxins and Fusarium mycotoxins (fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone) in corn from Indonesia. Food Addit Contam 1997;15:377-84.
24. Yamashita A, Yoshizawa T, Aiura Y, et al. Fusarium mycotoxins (fumonisins, nivalenol and zearalenone) and aflatoxins in corn from Southeast Asia. Biosci Biotechnol' Biochem 1995;59:1804-7.
25. Biomin. Biomin's mycotoxin survey report 2011. http://www.biomin. net; 2011 [Last accessed 02.02.13].
26. Tan L. Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed samples from Asia. http://en. engormix.com/MA-mycotoxins/articles/occurrence-mycotoxins-feed-samples-t448/p0. htrn; 2007 [Last accessed 07.02.13].
27. Walker R. Risk assessment of ochratoxin: current views of the European scientific committee on food, the JECFA and the Codex committee on food additives and contaminants. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002;504:249-55.
28. Ceovic S, Hrabar A, Šaric M. Epidemiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Food Chem Toxicol 1992;30:183-8.
29. Hayes AW, Hood RD, Lee HL. Teratogenic effects of ochratoxin A in mice. Teratology 1974;9:93.
30. Abdel-Wahhab MA. Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of garlic and cabbage extracts in rats fed ochratoxin contaminated diet. J Egypt Med Assoc 2000;83:1-19.
31. WHO (World Health Organization). Biomarkers in risk assessment: validity and validation, environmental health criteria 222. http://www.inchem.org/ documents/ehc/ehc/ehc222.htm; 2001 [Last accessed 07.02.13].
32. Schwartz GG. Hypothesis: does ochratoxin A cause testicular cancer? Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:91-100.
33. Abid S, Hassen W, Achour A, et al. Ochratoxin A and human chronic nephropathy in Tunisia: is the situation endemic? Hum Exp Toxicol 2003;22:77-84.
34. Petzinger E, Weidenbach A. Mycotoxins in the food chain: the role of ochratoxins. Livest Prod Sci 2002;76:245-50.
35. Wanigasuriya KP, Peiris H, Ileperuma N, et al. Could ochratoxin A in food commodities be the cause of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008;102:726-8.
36. Chung SH. Occurrence of mycotoxins in food commodities: occurrence of ochratoxin A in food commodities. KFDA Report; 2006.
37. Eugenio CP, Christensen CM, Mirocha CJ. Factors affecting production of the mycotoxin F-2 by Fusarium roseum. Phytopathology 1970;60:1055-7.
38. Bennett JW, Klich M. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:497-516.
39. Pillay D, Chuturgoonm AA, Nevines E, et al. The quantitative analysis of zearalenone and its derivatives in plasma of patients with breast and cervical cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40:946-51.
40. Morehouse LG. Mycotoxins of veterinary importance in the United States. In: Lacey J, editor. Trichothecences and other mycotoxins. Proceedings of the International Mycotoxin Symposium. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1985. p. 383-410.
41. Richard JL. Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses-an overview. Int J Food Microbiol 2007;119:3-10.
42. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19. Official Journal of the European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=CONSLEG:2006R1881; December 2006. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ. do?uri=CONSLEG:2006R1881:20100701:EN:PDF; December 2006 [Last accessed 02.02.13].
43. Rotter BA, Prelusky DB, Pestka JJ. Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin). J Toxicol Environ Health 1996;48:1-34.
44. Pestka JJ, Smolinski AT. Deoxynivalenol: toxicology and potential effects on humans. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2005;8:36-9.
45. Chun HS. Risk assessment of mycotoxin contamination in Korean foods. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
46. Francis MC, Sigit S. Analysis of deoxynivalenol in Indonesian maize-based foods using liquid chromatography: regulation enforcement and significance of laboratory networks. In: FFTEC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
47. Poapolathep A, Poapolathep S, Klangkaew N, et al. Detection of deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat products in Thailand. J Food Protect 2008;71:1931-3.
48. Moazami EF, Jinap S. Natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat based noodles consumed in Malaysia. Microchem J 2009;93:25-8.
49. Setyabudi F M CS, Nuryono N, Wedhastri S, et al. Limited survey of deoxynivalenol occurrence in maize kernels and maize-products collected from Indonesian retail market. Food Control 2012;24:123-7.
50. Bamburg JR, Riggs NV, Strong FM. The structure of toxins from two strains of Fusarium tricinctum. Tetrahedron 1968;24:3329-36.
51. Nagayama S, Kawamura O, Ohtani K, et al. Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of T-2 toxin-producing Fusarium spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988;54:1302-3.
52. Mateo JJ, Mateo R, Jimenez M. Accumulation of type A trichothecenes in maize, wheat and rice by Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates under diverse culture conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2002;72:115-23.
53. Li Y, Wang Z, Beier RC, et al. T-2 toxin, a trichothecenes mycotoxin: review of toxicity, metabolism and analytical methods. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:3441-53.
54. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Mycotoxins: Risks in Plant, Animal, and Human Systems. Report No. 139. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology; 2003. Ames, IA, USA.
55. van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Occurrence data of trichothecene mycotoxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in food and feed. Scientific/Technical Report submitted to European food safe authority (EFSA); 2010. p. 43. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/search/doc/66e.pdf [Last accessed 02.02.13].
56. European Commission. Summary report of the standing committee on the food chain and animal health held in Brussels on 31 January 2013 (section Toxicological Safety of the Food Chain), http://ec.europa.eu/food/committees/ regulatory/scfcah/toxic/sum-31012013-en.pdf; 2013 [Last accessed 02.02.13].
57. European Mycotoxins Awareness Network. Mycotoxins legislation worldwide (last updated February 2012. http://services.leatherheadfood.com/eman/FactSheet. aspx?ID=79; 2012 [Last accessed 02.02.13].
58. Knowmycotoxins. Regulations http://www.knowmycotoxins.com/regulations. htm; 2011 [Last accessed 02.02.13].
59. Ok HE, Kang YW, Kim M, et al. T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals and cereal-based products in South Korea. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B. Surveillance 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2012.735703 [Last accessed 02.02.13].
60. Egmond HP, Schothorst RC, Jonker MJ. Regulations relating to mycotoxins in food: perspectives in a global and European context. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007;389:147-57.
61. Lopez-Garcia R. Mycotoxin management: an international challenge. In: Boisrobert C, Oh S, Stjepanovic A, Lelieveeld H, editors. Ensuring global food safety: exploring global harmonization. London, UK: Academic Press; 2010. p. 209-16.
62. Giang LC. ASEAN regional approaches to standardization and conformity assessment procedures and their impact on trade. Hainun, China: Regional Workshop on the Importance of Rules of Origin and Standards in Regional Integration; 2006.
63. Paramawati R, Widodo P, Budiharti U, et al. The role of postharvest machineries and packaging in minimizing anatoxin contamination in peanut. Indonesian J Agric Sci 2006;7:15-9.
64. Suparmo F M C, Setyabudi S, Hidayat C, et al. Integrated control management of anatoxins in Indonesia. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
65. Fardiaz S. Mycotoxin contamination of grains - a review of research in Indonesia. In: Mycotoxin contamination in grains. ACIAR Tech. Rep 1995;37.
66. Tabata S. Mycotoxin contamination in foods and foodstuffs in Japan. In: New strategies for mycotoxin research. Proceedings of the international symposium on mycotoxicology in Bangkok 2006. ISMYCO Bangkok'06.
67. Food Safety Commission. 2006. http://www.fsc.go.jp/english/index.html [Last accessed 09.10.13].
68. Yoshizawa T. Current situation and perspective of mycotoxin research in Asia. In: Kumagai S, editor. New strategies for mycotoxin research in Asia. Tokyo: Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology; 2007.
69. Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology http://www.jsmyco.org [Last accessed 02.02.13].
70. Rustia AS, Sales JM, Tejada AW. Occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in foods: present status in the Philippines. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
71. Suttajit M. A prospective review of aflatoxin research in Thailand: prevention and control. In: New strategies for mycotoxin research. Proceedings of the international symposium on mycotoxicology in Bangkok 2006 (ISMYCO Bangkok'06); 2006.
72. Kawamura O, Kiyama I, Soontornjanagit M, et al. Development and application of immunological methods for mycotoxins and toxicology. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
73. Hung SS, Huang TP, Ko HC, et al. Incidence of aflatoxin Bl in foods imported from mainland China. J Food Drug Anal 1994;2:317-21.
74. Chiou RY-Y, Pokkaew R, Chen SK. Risk management of mycotoxins. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
75. Chun SH, Kim HY, Ok HE, et al. Determination of aflatoxin levels in nuts and their products consumed in South Korea. Food Chem 2007;102:385-91.
76. Yu FY, Lui BH. Antibody and nanotechnology used in rapid detection of selected mycotoxins. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference, International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
77. Jalili M, Jinap S. Natural occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dried chili marketed in Malaysia. Food Control 2011;24:160-4.
78. Chinaphuti A, Suttayakom R. Monitoring of mycotoxins in agricultural products using DOA-aflatoxin ELISA test kit. Proceedings of FFTC-KU 2011 conference. International seminar on risk assessment and risk management of mycotoxins for food safety in Asia. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2011.
79. 1 in pasteurized milk of the School Milk Project in Thailand. J Food Prot 2009;72:1761-3. http://ec.europa.eu/food/committees/regulatory/scfcah/toxic/sum- 31012013-en.pdf [Last accessed 02.02.13].
80. Arzendeh S, Jinap S. Aflatoxin in raw peanut kernels markets in Malaysia. J Food Drug Anal 2010;18:44-50.
81. Jalili M, Jinap S, Radu S. Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A contamination in commercial black and white pepper products. Mycopathologia 2010;170:251-8.
82. Lui Z, Gao J, Yu J. Aflatoxins in stored maize and rice grains in Liaoning Province, China. J Stored Prod Res 2006;42:468-79.
83. Nguyen MT, Tozlovanu M, Tran TL, et al. Occurrence of aflatoxin Bl, citrinin and ochratoxin A in rice in five provinces of the central region of Vietnam. Food Chem 2007;105:42-7.
84. Chun HS. Safety evaluation for mycotoxins in foods. KFDA Report; 2009.
85. Chung KH. Construction of mycotoxins management system and risk assessment of fumonisin. KFDA Report; 2007.
86. th Kasetsart University annual conference, Ago-industry subject. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2009. p. 175-82.
87. Sirisorn J, Sato K, Chompurat S, et al. Determination of ochratoxin A in corn. Proceedings of the 44th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Thailand: Kasetsart University; 2006.
88. Nuryono N, Noviandi CT, Bohm J, et al. A limited survey of zearalenone in Indonesian maize-based food and feed by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Control 2005;16:65-71.
89. Liao C D L, Chiueh LC, Shih D Y C. Determination of zearalenone in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2009;17:52-8.
90. Chun HS. A survey of mycotoxins contamination in the processed food. KFDA Report; 2010.
91. Park JW, Shoi SY, Hwang HJ, et al. Fungal mycoflora and mycotoxins in Korean polished rice destined for humans. Int J Food Microbiol 2005;103:305-14.