Deconstruction of the hemicellulose fraction from lignocellulosic materials into simple sugars

D-Xylitol: Fermentative Production, Application and Commercialization

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 3-37

  Gírio, Francisco M ^a   Carvalheiro, Florbela ^a   Duarte, Luís C ^a   Bogel ŁUkasik, Rafał ^a  

^a LABORATÓRIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Enzymatic hydrolysis; Hemicellulose; Hydrolysis; Lignocellulose; Xylose

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885622014     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31887-0_1     Document Type: Chapter

References (199)

1. Aguilar R, Ramírez JA, Garrote G., Vázquez M (2002) Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. J Food Eng 55:309-318
2. Akpinar O, Ak O, Kavas A., Bakir U, Yilmaz L. (2007) Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from cotton stalks. J Agri Food Chem 55:5544-5551
3. Akpinar O, Gunay K, Yilmaz Y., Levent O, Bostanci S. (2010) Enzymatic processing and antioxidant activity of agricultural waste autohydrolysis liquors. Bioresources 5:699-711
4. Alén R (2000) Structure and chemical composition of wood. In: Stenius P (ed) Forest products chemistry. Fapet Oy, Helsinki
5. Allen SG, Kam LC, Zemann A.J., Antal M.J. (1996) Fractionation of sugar cane with hot, compressed, liquid water. Ind Eng Chem Res 35:2709-2715
6. Allen SG, Schulman D, Lichwa J., Antal MJ, Jennings E, Elander R. (2001a) A comparison of aqueous and dilute-acid single-temperature pretreatment of yellow poplar sawdust. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:2352-2361
7. Allen SG, Schulman D, Lichwa J., Antal MJ, Laser M, Lynd L.R. (2001b) A comparison between hot liquid water and steam fractionation of corn fiber. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:2934-2941
8. Aoyama M, Seki K, Saito N. (1995) Solubilization of bamboo grass xylan by steaming treatment. Holzforschung 49:193-196
9. Balan V, Sousa LD, Chundawat SPS, Vismeh R, Jones A.D., Dale BE (2008) Mushroom spent straw: a potential substrate for an ethanol-based biorefinery. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35:293-301
10. Ballesteros I, Oliva JM, Navarro A.A., González A, Carrasco J., Ballesteros M. (2000) Effect of chip size on steam explosion pretreatment of softwood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 84-6:97-110
11. Ballesteros I, Oliva JM, Negro M.J., Manzanares P., Ballesteros M. (2002) Enzymic hydrolysis of steam exploded herbaceous agricultural waste (Brassica carinata) at different particule sizes. Process Biochem 38:187-192
12. Belkacemi K, Hamoudi S. (2003) Enzymatic hydrolysis of dissolved corn stalk hemicelluloses: reaction kinetics and modeling. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 78:802-808
13. Belkacemi K, Turcotte G, de Halleux D, Savoie P. (1998) Ethanol production from AFEX-treated forages and agricultural residues. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 70-2:441-462
14. Belkacemi K, Turcotte G, Savoie P. (2002) Aqueous/steam-fractionated agricultural residues as substrates for ethanol production. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:173-179
15. Bjerre AB, Olesen AB, Fernqvist T, Ploger A., Schmidt A.S. (1996) Pretreatment of wheat straw using combined wet oxidation and alkaline hydrolysis resulting in convertible cellulose and hemicellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 49:568-577
16. Blair RG, Hick SM, Truitt JH (2009) Solid acid catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. U.S. Patent. WO/2009/061750
17. Bogel-Lukasik E., Lourenco C, Zakrzewska M.E., Bogel-Łukasik R (2010) Insight into the phase equilibrium phenomena of systems containing dienes and dicyanamide ionic liquids as a new potential application. J Phys Chem B 114:15605-15609
18. Boussaid A, Cai YJ, Robinson J, Gregg D.J., Nguyen Q., Saddler J.N. (2001) Sugar recovery and fermentability of hemicellulose hydrolysates from steam-exploded softwoods containing bark. Biotechnol Prog 17:887-892
19. Boussarsar H, Roge B, Mathlouthi M. (2009) Optimization of sugarcane bagasse conversion by hydrothermal treatment for the recovery of xylose. Bioresour Technol 100:6537-6542
20. Brillouet JM, Joseleau JP, Utille J.P., Lelievre D. (1982) Isolation, purification, and characterization of a complex heteroxylan from industrial wheat bran. J Agri Food Chem 30:488-495
21. Bustos G, Moldes AB, Cruz J.M., Domínguez JM (2004) Production of fermentable media from vine-trimming wastes and bioconversion into lactic acid by Lactobacillus pentosus. J Sci Food Agri 84:2105-2112
22. Camacho F, González-Tello P, Jurado E, Robles A (1996) Microcrystalline-cellulose hydrolysis with concentrated sulphuric acid. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 67:350-356
23. Canettieri EV, Silva JB, Felipe MGA (2001) Application of factorial design to the study of xylitol production from eucalyptus hemicellulosic hydrolysate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 94:159-168
24. Canilha L, Carvalho W, Silva JBAE (2006) Xylitol bioproduction from wheat straw: hemicellulose hydrolysis and hydrolyzate fermentation. J Sci Food Agri 86:1371-1376
25. Canilha L, Santos VTO, Rocha GJM, Silva JBAE, Giulietti M, Silva S.S., Felipe MGA, Ferraz A, Milagres AMF, Carvalho W (2011) A study on the pretreatment of a sugarcane bagasse sample with dilute sulfuric acid. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 38:1467-1475
26. Cantarella M, Cantarella L, Gallifuoco A., Spera A, Alfani F. (2004) Effect of inhibitors released during steam-explosion treatment of poplar wood on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF. Biotechnol Prog 20:200-206
27. Caparros S, Garrote G, Ariza J., Diaz MJ, Lopez F. (2007) Xylooligosaccharides production from Arundo donax. J Agri Food Chem 55:5536-5543
28. Cara C, Ruiz E, Ballesteros M., Manzanares P, Negro MJ, Castro E. (2008) Production of fuel ethanol from steam-explosion pretreated olive tree pruning. Fuel 87:692-700
29. Carpita NC, Gibeaut D.M. (1993) Structural models of primary-cell walls in flowering plants - consistency of molecular-structure with the physical-properties of the walls during growth. Plant J 3:1-30
30. Carrasco F (1989) Fundamentos del faccionamiento de la biomassa. Afinidad 46:425-429
31. Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Medeiros R, Gírio FM (2004a) Optimization of brewery's spent grain dilute-acid hydrolysis for the production of pentose-rich culture media. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 113-116:1059-1072
32. Carvalheiro F, Esteves MP, Parajó JC, Pereira H, Gírio FM (2004b) Production of oligosac-charides by autohydrolysis of brewery's spent grain. Bioresour Technol 91:93-100
33. Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Lopes S, Parajó JC, Pereira H, Gírio FM (2005) Evaluation of the detoxification of brewery's spent grain hydrolysate for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii CCMI 941. Process Biochem 40:1215-1223
34. Carvalheiro F, Silva-Fernandes T, Duarte L.C., Gírio FM (2009) Wheat straw autohydrolysis: process optimization and products characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 153:84-93
35. Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Gírio FM (2008) Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments. J Scientific Ind Res 67:849-864
36. Carvalho W, Batista MA, Canilha L, Santos J.C., Converti A., Silva S.S. (2004) Sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis with phosphoric and sulfuric acids and hydrolysate detoxification for xylitol production. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 79:1308-1312
37. Chornet E, Overend R.P. (1988) Phenomenological kinetics and reaction engineering aspects of steam/aqueous treatments. Proceedings of the international workshop on steam explosion techniques: fundamentals and industrial applications, Milan, Italy, 20-21 Oct
38. Chundawat SPS, Venkatesh B, Dale B.E. (2007) Effectofparticle size based separationofmilled corn stover on AFEX pretreatment and enzymatic digestibility. Biotechnol Bioeng 96:219-231
39. Chung B, Kim C, Chung I., Balagopal V, Lee Y. (1992) On fermentability of nafion catalyzed hemicellulose hydrolyzates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 34-35:125-129
40. Conceicao L, Bogel-Łukasik R, Bogel-Lukasik E (2012) Supercritical CO2 as an effective medium for a novel conversion of glycerol and alcohols in the heterogeneous telomerisation of butadiene. Green Chem 14:673-681
41. Conceição LJA, Bogel-Lukasik E, Bogel-Łukasik R (2012) A new outlook on solubility of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols in ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2:1846-1855
42. Conner AH (1984) Kinetic modeling of hardwood prehydrolysis. Part I. Xylan removal by water prehydrolysis. Wood Fiber Sci 16:268-277
43. Cruz JM, Domínguez JM, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2001) Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of extracts from hydrolysates of lignocellulosic materials. J Agri Food Chem 49:2459-2464
44. de Vries R.P., Visser J. (2001) Aspergillus enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 65:497-522
45. Dekker RFH (1988) Inhibitors of Trichoderma reesei β-glucosidase activity derived from autohydrolysis exploded Eucalyptus regnans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 29:593-598
46. Diz J, Cruz JM, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2002) Xylitol production from Eucalyptus wood hydrolysates in low-cost fermentation media. Food Technol Biotechnol 40:191-197
47. Domanska U, Bogel-Lukasik R (2005) Physicochemical properties and solubility of alkyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium bromide. J Phys Chem B 109:12124-12132
48. Duarte LC, Carvalheiro F, Lopes S., Marques S, Parajó JC, Gírio FM (2004) Comparison of two posthydrolysis processes of brewery's spent grain autohydrolysis liquor to produce a pentose-containing culture medium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 113-116:1041-1058
49. Duarte LC, Silva-Fernandes T, Carvalheiro F., Gírio FM (2009) Dilute acid hydrolysis of wheat straw oligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 153:116-126
50. Ebringerová A, Hromadkova Z, Heinze T (2005) Hemicellulose. Adv Polym Sci 186:1-67
51. Edye LA, Doherty WOS (2008) Fractionation of a lignocellulosic material. Patent. PIXXD2WO 2008095252
52. Fengel D, Wegener G. (1983) Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin
53. Ferrari MD, Neirotti E, Albornoz C., Saucedo E. (1992) Ethanol production from Eucalyptus wood hemicellulose hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis. Biotechnol Bioeng 40:753-759
54. Fort DA, Remsing RC, Swatloski R.P., Moyna P., Moyna G, Rogers R.D. (2007) Can ionic liquids dissolve wood? Processing and analysis of lignocellulosic materials with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Green Chem 9:63-69
55. Forte A, Bogel-Lukasik E, Bogel-Łukasik R (2011) Miscibility phenomena in systems containing polyhydroxy alcohols and ionic liquids. J Chem Eng Data 56:2273-2279
56. Forte A, Melo CI, Bogel-Łukasik R, Bogel-Lukasik E (2012) A favourable solubility of isoniazid, an antitubercular antibiotic drug, in alternative solvents. Fluid Phase Equilib 318:89-95
57. Fukaya Y, Sugimoto A, Ohno H. (2006) Superior solubility of polysaccharides in low viscosity, polar, and halogen-free 1,3-dialkylimidazolium formates. Biomacromolecules 7:3295-3297
58. Gamez S, Gonzalez-Cabriales JJ, Ramirez J.A., Garrote G., Vazquez M. (2006) Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric acid. J Food Eng 74:78-88
59. Garcia-Dieguez C., Salgado JM, Roca E, Domínguez JM (2011) Kinetic modelling of the sequential production of lactic acid and xylitol from vine trimming wastes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 34:869-878
60. Garrote G, Parajó JC (2002) Non-isothermal autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus wood. Wood Sci Technol 36:111-123
61. Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (1999a) Hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials. Holz Roh Werkst 57:191-202
62. Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (1999b) Mild autohydrolysis: an environmentally friendly technology for xylooligosaccharide production from wood. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 74:1101-1109
63. Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2001a) Generation of xylose solutions from Eucalyptus globulus wood by autohydrolysis-posthydrolysis processes: Posthydrolysis kinetics. Bioresour Technol 79:155-164
64. Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2001b) Kinetic modelling of corncob autohydrolysis. Process Biochem 36:571-578
65. Garrote G, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2001c) Manufacture of xylose-based fermentation media from corncobs by posthydrolysis of autohydrolysis liquors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 95:195-207
66. Garrote G, Yañez R, Alonso J.L., Parajó JC (2008) Coproduction of oligosaccharides and glucose from corncobs by hydrothermal processing and enzymatic hydrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:1336-1345
67. Goldstein IS (1983) Acid processes for cellulose hydrolysis and their mechanisms wood and agricultural residues. Academic Press Inc., New York
68. Grohmann K, Torget R, Himmel M. (1985) Optimization of dilute acid pretreatment of biomass. Biotechnol Bioeng Symp 15:59-80
69. Gírio F.M., Fonseca C, Carvalheiro F., Duarte LC, Marques S, Bogel-Łukasic R (2010) Hydrolysis of hemicelluloses for fuel ethanol: a review. Biores Technol 101:4775-4800
70. Gullón P., González-Muñoz MJ, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2008) Membrane processing of liquors from Eucalyptus globulus autohydrolysis. J Food Eng 87:257-265
71. Hahn-Hägerdal B, Skoog K, Mattiason B (1984) Solid superacids for hydrolyzing oligosacchar-ides and polysaccharides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 434:161-163
72. Heitz M, Carrasco F, Rubio M., Chauvette G, Chornet E, Jaulin L., Overend R.P. (1986) Generalized correlations for the aqueous liquefaction of lignocellulosics. Can J Chem Eng 64:647-650
73. Heitz M, Capek-Menard E, Koeberle P.G., Gagné J, Chornet E, Overend RP, Taylor JD, Yu E (1991) Fractionation of Populus tremuloides at the pilot-plant scale - optimization of steam pretreatment conditions using the stake-II technology. Bioresour Technol 35:23-32
74. Holtzapple MT, Jun JH, Ashok G, Patibandla S.L., Dale B.E. (1991) The ammonia freeze explosion (AFEX) process - a practical lignocellulose pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 28-9:59-74
75. Holtzapple MT, Lundeen JE, Sturgis R, Lewis J.E., Dale B.E. (1992) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic municipal solid-waste by Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 34-5:5-21
76. Holtzapple MT, Davison RR, Ross M.K., Aldrett-Lee S, Nagwani M, Lee C.M., Lee C., Adelson S, Kaar W, Gaskin D., Shirage H, Chang NS, Chang V.S., Loescher M.E. (1999) Biomass conversion to mixed alcohol fuels using the MixAlco process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 77-9:609-631
77. Hörmeyer H.F., Bonn G, Kim D.W., Bobleter O. (1987) Enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials after hydrothermolysis and organosolv pretreatments. J Wood Chem Technol 7:269-283
78. Ishii T (1991) Acetylation at O-2 of arabinofuranose residues in feruloylated arabinoxylan from bamboo shoot cell-walls. Phytochemistry 30:2317-2320
79. Jessop PG, Leitner W.E. (1999) Introduction. In: Jessop PG, Leitner WE (eds) Chemical synthesis using supercritical fluids. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
80. Kabel MA, Carvalheiro F, Garrote G., Avgerinos E, Koukios E, Parajó JC, Gírio FM, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ (2002) Hydrothermally treated xylan rich by-products yield different classes of xylo-oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 50:47-56
81. Kabel MA, Bos G, Zeevalking J., Voragen AGJ, Schols H.A. (2007) Effect of pretreatment severity on xylan solubility and enzymatic breakdown of the remaining cellulose from wheat straw. Bioresour Technol 98:2034-2042
82. Kim KH, Hong J. (2001) Supercritical CO2 pretratment of lignocellulose enhances enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Bioresour Technol 77:139-144
83. Kim SB, Lee Y.Y. (1986) Hydrolysis of hemicellulose by solid superacid. Biotechnol Bioeng Symp 15:81-90
84. Kim TH, Lee Y.Y. (2005) Pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by ammonia recycle percolation process. Bioresour Technol 96:2007-2013
85. Kim TH, Lee Y.Y. (2006) Fractionation of corn stover by hot-water and aqueous ammonia treatment. Bioresour Technol 97:224-232
86. Kim TH, Kim JS, Sunwoo C, Lee Y.Y. (2003) Pretreatment of corn stover by aqueous ammonia. Bioresour Technol 90:39-47
87. Kim JS, Kim H, Lee J.S., Lee JP, Park S.C. (2008) Pretreatment characteristics of waste oak wood by ammonia percolation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 148:15-22
88. Kim Y, Yu A, Han M., Choi GW, Chung B. (2010) Ethanosolv pretreatment of barley straw with iron(III) chloride for enzymatic saccharification. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:1494-1498
89. Kin Z (1990) The acetolysis of beech wood. Tappi J 73:237-238
90. Kitano M, Yamaguchi D, Suganuma S., Nakajima K, Kato H, Hayashi S., Hara M. (2009) Adsorption enhanced hydrolysis of beta-1,4-glucan on graphene-based amorphous carbon bearing SO3H, COOH, and OH groups. Langmuir 25:5068-5075
91. Klinke HB, Ahring BK, Schmidt A.S., Thomsen A.B. (2002) Characterization of degradation products from alkaline wet oxidation of wheat straw. Bioresour Technol 82:15-26
92. Kokta BV (1991) Steam explosion pulping. In: Focher B, Marzetti A, Crescenzi V (eds) Steam explosion techniques: Fundamentals and applications. Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia
93. Lau MW, Dale B.E. (2009) Cellulosic ethanol production from AFEX-treated corn stover using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:1368-1373
94. Lee J (1997) Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. J Biotechnol 56:1-24
95. Lee SH, Doherty TV, Linhardt R.J., Dordick J.S. (2009) Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 102:1368-1376
96. Li KC, Azadi P, Collins R., Tolan J, Kim JS, Eriksson KEL (2000) Relationships between activities of xylanases and xylan structures. Enzyme Microb Technol 27:89-94
97. Liu CG, Wyman C.E. (2006) The enhancement of xylose monomer and xylotriose degradation by inorganic salts in aqueous solutions at 180°C. Carbohyd Res 341:2550-2556
98. Liu QB, Janssen MHA, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon R.A. (2005) Room-temperature ionic liquids that dissolve carbohydrates in high concentrations. Green Chem 7:39-42
99. Liu L, Sun JS, Cai C.Y., Wang SH, Pei HS, Zhang J.S. (2009) Corn stover pretreatment by inorganic salts and its effects on hemicellulose and cellulose degradation. Bioresour Technol 100:5865-5871
100. Mancilha IM, Karim M.N. (2003) Evaluation of ion exchange resins for removal of inhibitory compounds from corn stover hydrolyzate for xylitol fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 19:1837-1841
101. Marcotullio G, de Jong W (2010) Chloride ions enhance furfural formation from D-xylose in dilute aqueous acidic solutions. Green Chem 12:1739-1746
102. Marcotullio G, Krisanti E, Giuntoli J., de Jong W (2011) Selective production of hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates from wheat straw using dilute HCl or FeCl(3) solutions under mild conditions. X-ray and thermo-gravimetric analysis of the solid residues. Bioresour Technol 102:5917-5923
103. Martín C., Marcet M, Thomsen A.B. (2008) Comparison between wet oxidation and steam explosion as pretreatment methods for enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Bioresources 3:670-683
104. Maruyama K, Goto C, Numata M., Suzuki T, Nakagawa Y, Hoshino T., Uchiyama T. (1996) O-acetylated xyloglucan in extracellular polysaccharides from cell-suspension cultures of Mentha. Phytochemistry 41:1309-1314
105. Marzialetti T, Olarte MBV, Sievers C, Hoskins TJC, Agrawal PK, Jones C.W. (2008) Dilute acid hydrolysis of Loblolly pine: a comprehensive approach. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:7131-7140
106. Miranda I, Pereira H. (2002) Kinetics of ASAM and kraft pulping of eucalypt wood (Eucalyptus globulus). Holzforschung 56:85-90
107. Miyafuji H, Nakata T, Ehara K., Saka S. (2005) Fermentability of water-soluble portion to ethanol obtained by supercritical water treatment of lignocellulosics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 121:963-971
108. Moldes AB, Cruz JM, Domínguez JM, Parajó JC (2002) Production of a cellulosic substrate susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis from prehydrolyzed barley husks. Agric Food Sci Finl 11:51-58
109. Monavari S, Galbe M, Zacchi G. (2009) The influence of solid/liquid separation techniques on the sugar yield in two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol Biofuels 2:6
110. Moniruzzaman M, Dien BS, Ferrer B, Hespell R.B., Dale BE, Ingram LO, Bothast R.J. (1996) Ethanol production from AFEX pretreated corn fiber by recombinant bacteria. Biotechnol Lett 18:985-990
111. Mosier NS, Sarikaya A, Ladisch C.M., Ladisch M.R. (2001) Characterization of dicarboxylic acids for cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Prog 17:474-480
112. Mosier N, Wyman CE, Dale B, Elander R., Lee YY, Holtzapple M, Ladisch M. (2005) Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 96:673-686
113. Mussatto SI, Roberto I.C. (2006) Chemical characterization and liberation of pentose sugars from brewer's spent grain. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 81:268-274
114. Mussatto SI, Dragone G, Rocha GJM, Roberto I.C. (2006) Optimum operating conditions for brewer's spent grain soda pulping. Carbohydr Polym 64:22-28
115. Mussatto SI, Dragone G, Roberto I.C. (2007) Ferulic and p-coumaric acids extraction by alkaline hydrolysis of brewer's spent grain. Ind Crops Prod 25:231-237
116. Nabarlatz D, Ebringerová A, Montané D (2007) Autohydrolysis of agricultural by-products for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 69:20-28
117. Neureiter M, Danner H, Thomasser C., Saidi B, Braun R. (2002) Dilute-acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse at varying conditions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 98-100:49-58
118. Nguyen QA, Tucker M.P. (2002) Dilute acid/metal salt hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. U.S. Patent US6423145B1
119. Ogier JC, Ballerini D, Leygue J.P., Rigal L., Pourquie J. (1999) Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Oil Gas Sci Technol (Revue de l' Institut Francais du Petrole) 54:67-94
120. Ohno H, Fukaya Y. (2009) Task specific ionic liquids for cellulose technology. Chem Lett 38:2-7
121. Okuhara T (2002) Water-tolerant solid acid catalysts. Chem Rev 102:3641-3665
122. Onda A, Ochi T, Yanagisawa K. (2009) Hydrolysis of cellulose selectively into glucose over sulfonated activated-carbon catalyst under hydrothermal conditions. Top Catal 52:801-807
123. Pan XJ, Arato C, Gilkes N., Gregg D, Mabee W, Pye K., Xiao ZZ, Zhang X, Saddler J. (2005) Biorefining of softwoods using ethanol organosolv pulping: Preliminary evaluation of process streams for manufacture of fuel-grade ethanol and co-products. Biotechnol Bioeng 90:473-481
124. Pan XJ, Gilkes N, Kadla J., Pye K, Saka S, Gregg D., Ehara K, Xie D, Lam D., Saddler J. (2006) Bioconversion of hybrid poplar to ethanol and co-products using an organosolv fractionation process: optimization of process yields. Biotechnol Bioeng 94:851-861
125. Parajó JC, Alonso JL, Santos V (1996a) Development of a generalized phenomenological model describing the kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of NaOH-treated pine wood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 56:289-299
126. Parajó JC, Domínguez H, Domínguez JM (1996b) Xylitol from wood: study of some operational strategies. Food Chem 57:531-535
127. Parajó JC, Domínguez H, Domínguez JM (1997) Xylitol production from Eucalyptus wood hydrolysates extracted with organic solvents. Process Biochem 32:599-604
128. Paulechka YU, Kabo GJ, Blokhin A.V., Vydrov OA, Magee JW, Frenkel M. (2003) Thermodynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate in the ideal gas state. J Chem Eng Data 48:457-462
129. Perego P, Converti A, Palazzi E., Del Borghi M, Ferraiolo G. (1990) Fermentation of hardwood hemicelluose hydrolysate by Pachysolen tannophilus, Candida shehatae and Pichia sitpits. J Ind Microbiol 6:157-164
130. Pereira H (1988) Variability in the chemical composition of plantation Eucalypts (Eucalyptus globulus Labill). Wood Fiber Sci 20:82-90
131. Pereira H, Graça J, Rodrigues J.C. (2003) Wood chemistry in relation to quality. In: Barnett JR, Jeronimidis G (eds) Wood quality and its biological basis. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
132. Persson P, Larsson S, Jonsson L.J., Nilvebrant NO, Sivik B, Munteanu F, Thorneby L., Gorton L. (2002) Supercritical fluid extraction of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate of spruce for detoxification and to facilitate analysis of inhibitors. Biotechnol Bioeng 79:694-700
133. Pessoa A Jr, Mancilha I.M., Sato S. (1996) Cultivation of Candida tropicalis in sugar cane hemicellulosic hydrolyzate for microbial protein production. J Biotechnol 51:83-88
134. Polizeli MLTM, Rizzatti ACS, Monti R, Terenzi H.F., Jorge JA, Amorim D.S. (2005) Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67:577-591
135. Prior BA, Kilian SG, du Preez JC (1989) Fermentation of D-xylose by the yeasts Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis: prospects and problems. Process Biochem 24:21-32
136. Puls J, Poutanen K. (1989) Mechanisms of enzymic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses (xylans) and procedures for determination of the enzyme activities involved. In: Coughlan MP (ed) Enzyme systems for lignocellulosic degradation. Elsevier Applied Science, London
137. Puls J, Poutanen K, Körner HU, Viikari L. (1985) Biotechnical utilization of wood carbohydrates after steaming pretreatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 22:416-423
138. Ramos LP (2003) The chemistry involved in the steam treatment of lignocellulosic materials. Quim Nova 26:863-871
139. Rinaldi R, Palkovits R, Schuth F. (2008) Depolymerization of cellulose using solid catalysts in ionic liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47:8047-8050
140. Ritter DC, Campbell A.G. (1991) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Southern Pine and Ponderosa Pine. Wood Fiber Sci 23:98-113
141. Rivas B, Domínguez JM, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2002) Bioconversion of posthydrolysed autohydrolysis liquors: an alternative for xylitol production from corn cobs. Enzyme Microb Technol 31:431-438
142. Roberto IC, Mancilha IM, Souza C.A., Felipe MGA, Sato S, Castro H.F. (1994) Evaluation of rice straw hemicellulose hydrolysate in the production of xylitol by Candida guilliermondii. Biotechnol Lett 16:1211-1216
143. Roberto IC, Mussatto SI, Rodrigues RCLB (2003) Dilute-acid hydrolysis for optimization of xylose recovery from rice straw in a semi-pilot reactor. Ind Crops Prod 17:171-176
144. Rodrigues DCGA, Silva SS, Prata AMR, Felipe MGA (1998) Biotechnological production of xylitol from agroindustrial residues - evaluation of bioprocesses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 70-72:869-875
145. Rodrigues DCGA, Silva SS, Felipe MGA (1999) Fed-batch culture of Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 for xylitol production from sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate. Lett Appl Microbiol 29:359-363
146. Ropars M, Marchal R, Pourquie J., Vandecasteele J.P. (1992) Large-scale enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural lignocellulosic biomass. 1. Pretreatment procedures. Bioresour Technol 42:197-204
147. Ruiz E, Cara C, Manzanares P., Ballesteros M, Castro E. (2008) Evaluation of steam explosion pre-treatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower stalks. Enzyme Microb Technol 42:160-166
148. Saha BC (2003) Hemicellulose bioconversion. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 30:279-291
149. Salgado JM, Rodríguez N, Cortés S, Domínguez JM (2012a) Coupling two sizes of CSTR-type bioreactors for sequential lactic acid and xylitol production from hemicellulosic hydrolysates of vineshoot trimmings. New Biotechnol 29:421-427
150. Salgado JM, Rodríguez N, Cortés S, Domínguez JM (2012b) Effect of nutrient supplementation of crude or detoxified concentrated distilled grape marc hemicellulosic hydrolysates on the xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 42:1-14
151. Santos JL, Fernandes MC, Lourenço PML, Duarte LC, Carvalheiro F, Crespo JG (2011) Removal of inhibitory compounds from olive stone auto-hydrolysis liquors by nanofiltration. Desalin Water Treat 27:90-96
152. Sasaki M, Adschiri T, Arai K. (2003) Fractionation of sugarcane bagasse by hydrothermal treatment. Bioresour Technol 86:301-304
153. Saska M, Ozer E. (1995) Aqueous extraction of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose and production of xylose syrup. Biotechnol Bioeng 45:517-523
154. Sazaki C, Kurosmi A, Yamashita Y. (2009) Xylitol production from dilute acid hydrolysis of bean group shells. Biomicroworld 2009 III international conference on environmental, industrial and applied microbiology, Lisbon, Portugal, 2-4 Dec, pp 605-609
155. Schacht C, Zetzl C, Brunner G. (2008) From plant materials to ethanol by means of supercritical fluid technology. J Supercrit Fluid 46:299-321
156. Schell DJ, Ruth MF, Tucker M.P. (1999) Modeling the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute-acid pretreated Douglas fir. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 77-79:67-81
157. Sene L, Arruda PV, Oliveira SMM, Felipe MGA (2011) Evaluation of sorghum straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate for biotechnological production of xylitol by Candida guillier-mondii. Brazilian J Microbiol 42:1140-1145
158. Sepulveda-Huerta E., Tellez-Luis SJ, Bocanegra-Garcia V, Ramirez J.A., Vazquez M. (2006) Production of detoxified sorghum straw hydrolysates for fermentative purposes. J Sci Food Agri 86:2579-2586
159. Shevchenko SM, Chang K, Robinson J., Saddler J.N. (2000) Optimization of monosaccharide recovery by post-hydrolysis of the water-soluble hemicellulose component after steam explosion of softwood chips. Bioresour Technol 72:207-211
160. Shibuya N, Iwasaki T. (1985) Structural features of rice bran hemicellulose. Phytochemistry 24:285-289
161. Sievers C, Valenzuela-Olarte MB, Marzialetti T., Musin D, Agrawal PK, Jones C.W. (2009) Ionic-liquid-phase hydrolysis of pine wood. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:1277-1286
162. Silverstein RA, Chen Y, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Boyette M.D., Osborne J. (2007) A comparison of chemical pretreatment methods for improving saccharification of cotton stalks. Bioresour Technol 98:3000-3011
163. Sims IM, Munro SLA, Currie G, Craik D., Bacic A. (1996) Structural characterisation of xyloglucan secreted by suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Carbohydr Res 293:147-172
164. Stephen AM (1983) Other plant polysaccharides. In: Aspinall GO (ed) The polysaccharides. Academic Press, New York
165. Suganuma S, Nakajima K, Kitano M., Yamaguchi D, Kato H, Hayashi S., Michikazu (2008) Hydrolysis of cellulose by amorphous carbon bearing SO3H, COOH, and OH groups. J Am Chem Soc 130:12787-12793
166. Sun N, Rahman M, Qin Y., Maxim ML, Rodriguez H, Rogers R.D. (2009) Complete dissolution and partial delignification of wood in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Green Chem 11:646-655
167. Sun YS, Lu XB, Zhang R, Wang X.Y., Zhang S.T. (2011) Pretreatment of corn stover silage with Fe(NO(3))(3) for fermentable sugar production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 164:918-928
168. Swatloski RP, Spear SK, Holbrey J.D., Rogers R.D. (2002) Dissolution of cellose with ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 124:4974-4975
169. Taherzadeh MJ, Eklund R, Gustafsson L., Niklasson C, Lidén G (1997) Characterization and fermentation of dilute-acid hydrolyzates from wood. Ind Eng Chem Res 36:4659-4665
170. Tellez-Luis S.J., Ramirez JA, Vazquez M. (2002) Modelling of the hydrolysis of sorghum straw at atmospheric pressure. J Sci Food Agri 82:505-512
171. Tenkanen M (2004) Enzymatic tailoring of hemicelluloses. Hemicellul Sci Technol 864:292-311
172. Teymouri F, Laureano-Perez L, Alizadeh H., Dale B.E. (2005) Optimization of the ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 96:2014-2018
173. Timell TE (1965) Wood hemicelluloses. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 20:409-483
174. Torget R, Hsu T.A. (1994) Two temperature dilute-acid prehydrolysis of hardwood xylan using a percolation process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 45-46:5-22
175. Torget R, Walter P, Himmel M., Grohmann K. (1991) Dilute-acid pretreatment of corn residues and short-rotation woody crops. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 28-29:75-86
176. Torget RW, Kim JS, Lee Y.Y. (2000) Fundamental aspects of dilute acid hydrolysis/fractionation kinetics of hardwood carbohydrates. 1. Cellulose hydrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:2817-2825
177. van Walsum G.P., Shi H. (2004) Carbonic acid enhancement of hydrolysis in aqueous pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 93:217-226
178. van Walsum G.P., Allen SG, Spencer M.J., Laser MS, Antal MJ, Lynd L.R. (1996) Conversion of lignocellulosics pretreated with liquid hot water to ethanol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 57-8:157-170
179. van Zyl C., Prior BA, du Preez JC (1988) Production of ethanol from sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 17:357-370
180. Vázquez D., Lage MA, Parajó JC, Alonso JL (1992a) Empirical assessment on the cellulase digestibility of processed Eucalyptus wood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 37:123-139
181. Vázquez D., Lage MA, Parajó JC, Vázquez G (1992b) Fractionation of Eucalyptus wood in acetic acid media. Bioresour Technol 40:131-136
182. Vázquez M.J., Alonso JL, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2001) Production of xylose-containing fermentation media by enzymatic post-hydrolysis of oligomers produced by corn cob autohydrolysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:817-822
183. Vázquez M.J., Alonso JL, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2002) Enzymatic processing of crude, xylooligomer solutions obtained by autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus wood. Food Biotechnol 16:91-105
184. Vegas R, Alonso JL, Domínguez H, Parajó JC (2008a) Enzymatic processing of rice husk autohydrolysis products for obtaining low molecular weight oligosaccharides. Food Biotechnol 22:31-46
185. Vegas R, Kabel M, Schols H.A., Alonso JL, Parajó JC (2008b) Hydrothermal processing of rice husks: effects of severity on product distribution. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 83:965-972
186. Walch E, Zemann AJ, Schinner F, Bonn G., Bobleter O. (1992) Enzymatic saccharification of hemicellulose obtained from hydrothermally pretreated sugar-cane bagasse and beech bark. Bioresour Technol 39:173-177
187. Wende G, Fry S.C. (1997) O-feruloylated, O-acetylated oligosaccharides as side-chains of grass xylans. Phytochem 44:1011-1018
188. Wheals AE, Basso LC, Alves DMG, Amorim H.V. (1999) Fuel ethanol after 25 years. Trends Biotechnol 17:482-487
189. Woodward J (1984) Xylanases: functions, properties and applications. Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester
190. Wyman CE, Dale BE, Elander R.T., Holtzapple M., Ladisch MR, Lee Y.Y. (2005) Comparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover. Bioresour Technol 96:2026-2032
191. Yamaguchi D, Kitano M, Suganuma S., Nakajima K, Kato H, Hara M. (2009) Hydrolysis of cellulose by a solid acid catalyst under optimal reaction conditions. J Phys Chem C 113:3181-3188
192. Zahedifar M (1996) Novel uses of lignin and hemicellulosic sugars from acid-hydrolysis lignocellulosic materials. Dissertation, University of Aberdeeen, Aberdeeen
193. Zakrzewska ME, Bogel-Lukasik E, Bogel-Łukasik R (2010) Solubility of carbohydrates in ionic liquids. Energ Fuel 24:737-745
194. Zetzl C, Gairola K, Kirsch C., Perez-Cantu L, Smirnova I. (2011) High pressure processes in biorefineries. Chem Ing Tech 83:1016-1025
195. Zhang Z, Zhao Z.K. (2009) Solid acid and microwave-assisted hydrolysis of cellulose in ionic liquid. Carbohydr Res 344:2069-2072
196. Zhang YHP, Ding SY, Mielenz J.R., Cui JB, Elander R, Laser M, Himmel M.E., McMillan JR, Lynd L.R. (2007) Fractionating recalcitrant lignocellulose at modest reaction conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 97:214-223
197. Zhao XB, Cheng KK, Liu D.H. (2009) Organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82:815-827
198. Zhao J, Zhang HM, Zheng R.P., Lin ZX, Huang H. (2011) The enhancement of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover by FeSO(4) pretreatment. Biochem Eng J 56:158-164
199. Zheng YZ, Lin HM, Tsao G.T. (1998) Pretreatment for cellulose hydrolysis by carbon dioxide explosion. Biotechnol Prog 14:890-896