Integrative invasion science: Model systems, multi-site studies, focused meta-analysis and invasion syndromes

New Phytologist

Volumn 200, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 615-633

  Kueffer, Christoph ^a   Pyšek, Petr ^b,c   Richardson, David M ^d  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (Czech Republic)

^c CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^d STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Alien plants; Invasibility; Invasion syndrome; Invasiveness; Long term research; Meta analysis; Model organism; Non native plants

Indexed keywords

CONGLOMERATE; ECOSYSTEM; INTRODUCED SPECIES; INVASIBILITY; INVASIVENESS; META-ANALYSIS; PLANT; RESEARCH;

ALIEN PLANTS; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; INTRODUCED SPECIES; INVASIBILITY; INVASION SYNDROME; INVASIVENESS; LONG-TERM RESEARCH; META ANALYSIS; MODEL ORGANISM; NON-NATIVE PLANTS; PLANT; REVIEW;

ALIEN PLANTS; INVASIBILITY; INVASION SYNDROME; INVASIVENESS; LONG-TERM RESEARCH; META-ANALYSIS; MODEL ORGANISM; NON-NATIVE PLANTS;

ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; INTRODUCED SPECIES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PLANTS;

EID: 84885421565     PISSN: 0028646X     EISSN: 14698137     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/nph.12415     Document Type: Review

References (212)

1. Agrawal AA, Kotanen PM, Mitchell CE, Power AG, Godsoe W, Klironomos J. 2005. Enemy release? An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and belowground enemies. Ecology 86: 2979-2989.
2. Ainouche ML, Fortune PM, Salmon A, Parisod C, Grandbastien MA, Fukunaga K, Ricou M, Misset MT. 2009. Hybridization, polyploidy and invasion: lessons from Spartina (Poaceae). Biological Invasions 11: 1159-1173.
3. Alexander JM, Kueffer C, Daehler CC, Edwards PJ, Pauchard A, Seipel T, MIREN consortium. 2011. Assembly of non-native floras along elevational gradients explained by directional ecological filtering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 108: 656-661.
4. Alexander JM, van Kleunen M, Ghezzi R, Edwards PJ. 2012. Different genetic clines in response to temperature across the native and introduced ranges of a global plant invader. Journal of Ecology 100: 771-781.
5. Alpert P, Bone E, Holzapfel C. 2000. Invasiveness, invasibility and the role of environmental stress in the spread of non-native plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 3: 52-66.
6. Baider C, Florens FBV. 2011. Control of invasive alien weeds averts imminent plant extinction. Biological Invasions 13: 2641-2646.
7. Baker HG. 1974. The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 1-24.
8. Barney JN, DiTomaso JM. 2008. Nonnative species and bioenergy: are we cultivating the next invader? BioScience 58: 64-70.
9. Barney JN, Whitlow TH. 2008. A unifying framework for biological invasions: the state factor model. Biological Invasions 10: 259-272.
10. Barto EK, Antunes PM, Stinson K, Koch AM, Klironomos JN, Cipollini D. 2011. Differences in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with sugar maple seedlings in and outside of invaded garlic mustard forest patches. Biological Invasions 13: 2755-2762.
11. Billick I, Price MV, eds. 2011. The ecology of place: contributions of place-based research to ecological understanding. Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press.
12. Blossey B. 1999. Before, during and after: the need for long-term monitoring in invasive plant species management. Biological Invasions 1: 301-311.
13. Blumenthal D, Mitchell CE, Pyšek P, Jarošík V. 2009. Synergy between pathogen release and resource availability in plant invasion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 106: 7899-7904.
14. Blumenthal DA. 2006. Interactions between resource availability and enemy release in plant invasion. Ecology Letters 9: 887-895.
15. Bolker J. 2012. There's more to life than rats and flies. Nature 491: 31-33.
16. Bossdorf O, Lipowsky A, Prati D. 2008. Selection of preadapted populations allowed Senecio inaequidens to invade Central Europe. Diversity and Distributions 14: 676-685.
17. Bossdorf O, Prati D, Auge H, Schmid B. 2004. Reduced competitive ability in an invasive plant. Ecology Letters 7: 346-353.
18. Bradley BA. 2013. Distribution models of invasive plants over-estimate potential impact. Biological Invasions 15: 1417-1429.
19. Brokaw N, Crowl T, Lugo A, McDowell W, Scatena F, Waide R, Willig M, eds. 2012. A Caribbean forest tapestry. The multidimensional nature of disturbance and response. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
20. Bucharová A, van Kleunen M. 2009. Introduction history and species characteristics partly explain naturalization success of North American woody species in Europe. Journal of Ecology 97: 230-238.
21. Cadotte MW, McMahon SM, Fukami T, eds. 2006. Conceptual ecology and invasion biology: reciprocal approaches to nature. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
22. Callaway RM, Aschehoug ET. 2000. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science 290: 521-523.
23. Callaway RM, Cipollini D, Barto K, Thelen GC, Hallett SG, Prati D, Stinson K, Klironomos J. 2008. Novel weapons: invasive plant suppresses fungal mutualists in America but not in its native Europe. Ecology 89: 1043-1055.
24. Callaway RM, Waller LP, Diaconu A, Pal R, Collins AR, Mueller-Schaerer H, Maron JL. 2011. Escape from competition: neighbors reduce Centaurea stoebe performance at home but not away. Ecology 92: 2208-2213.
25. Carlsson NOL, Jeschke JM, Holmqvist N, Kindberg J. 2010. Long-term data on invaders: when the fox is away, the mink will play. Biological Invasions 12: 633-641.
26. Catford JA, Jansson R, Nilsson C. 2009. Reducing redundancy in invasion ecology by integrating hypotheses into a single theoretical framework. Diversity and Distributions 15: 22-40.
27. Catford JA, Vesk PA, Richardson DM, Pyšek P. 2012. Quantifying levels of biological invasion: towards the objective classification of invaded and invasible ecosystems. Global Change Biology 18: 44-62.
28. Cavaleri MA, Sack L. 2010. Comparative water use of native and invasive plants at multiple scales: a global meta-analysis. Ecology 91: 2705-2715.
29. Chelaifa H, Monnier A, Ainouche M. 2010. Transcriptomic changes following recent natural hybridization and allopolyploidy in the salt marsh species Spartina x townsendii and Spartina anglica (Poaceae). New Phytologist 186: 161-174.
30. Chrobock T, Kempel A, Fischer M, van Kleunen M. 2011. Introduction bias: cultivated alien plant species germinate faster and more abundantly than native species in Switzerland. Basic and Applied Ecology 12: 244-250.
31. Chun YJ, van Kleunen M, Dawson W. 2010. The role of enemy release, tolerance and resistance in plant invasions: linking damage to performance. Ecology Letters 13: 937-946.
32. Chytrý M, Pyšek P, Wild J, Pino J, Maskell LC, Vilà M. 2009. European map of alien plant invasions based on the quantitative assessment across habitats. Diversity and Distributions 15: 98-107.
33. Chytrý M, Wild J, Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Dendoncker N, Reginster I, Pino J, Maskell LC, Vilà M, Pergl J, et al. 2012. Projecting trends in plant invasions in Europe under different scenarios of future land-use change. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21: 75-87.
34. Cleland EE, Smith MD, Andelman SJ, Bowles C, Carney KM, Horner-Devine MC, Drake JM, Emery SM, Gramling JM, Vandermast DB. 2004. Invasion in space and time: non-native species richness and relative abundance respond to interannual variation in productivity and diversity. Ecology Letters 7: 947-957.
35. Colautti RI, Barrett SCH. 2011. Population divergence along lines of genetic variance and covariance in the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria in Eastern North America. Evolution 65: 2514-2529.
36. Colautti RI, Maron JL, Barrett SCH. 2009. Common garden comparisons of native and introduced plant populations: latitudinal clines can obscure evolutionary inferences. Evolutionary Applications 2: 187-199.
37. Colautti RI, Franks SJ, Hufbauer RA, Kotanen P, Torchin M, Byers JE, Pyšek P, Bossdorf O. 2013. The Global Garlic Mustard Field Survey (GGMFS): challenges and opportunities of a unique, large-scale collaboration for invasion biology. NeoBiota, in press.
38. Coleman DC. 2010. Big ecology. The emergence of ecosystem science. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press.
39. Daehler CC. 2003. Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: implications for conservation and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 34: 183-211.
40. D'Antonio CM, Hughes RF, Tunison JT. 2011. Long-term impacts of invasive grasses and subsequent fire in seasonally dry Hawaiian woodlands. Ecological Applications 21: 1617-1628.
41. Davidson AM, Jennions M, Nicotra AB. 2011. Do invasive species show higher phenotypic plasticity than native species and, if so, is it adaptive? A meta-analysis. Ecology Letters 14: 419-431.
42. Davis MA. 2009. Invasion biology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
43. Davis M, Chew MK, Hobbs RJ, Lugo AE, Ewel JJ, Vermeij GJ, Brown JH, Rosenzweig ML, Gardener MR, Carroll SP, et al. 2011. Don't judge species on their origins. Nature 474: 153-154.
44. Davis AS, Cousens RD, Hill J, Mack RN, Simberloff D, Raghu S. 2010. Screening bioenergy feedstock crops to mitigate invasion risk. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8: 533-539.
45. Davis MA, Thompson K, Grime JP. 2001. Charles S. Elton and the dissociation of invasion ecology from the rest of ecology. Diversity and Distributions 7: 97-102.
46. Dehnen-Schmutz K, Touza J, Perrings C, Williamson M. 2007. The horticultural trade and ornamental plant invasions in Britain. Conservation Biology 21: 224-231.
47. DeWalt SJ, Denslow JS, Ickes K. 2004. Natural-enemy release facilitates habitat expansion of the invasive tropical shrub Clidemia hirta. Ecology 85: 471-483.
48. Diamond JM. 1983. Laboratory, field and natural experiments. Nature 304: 586-587.
49. Didham RK, Tylianakis JM, Gemmell NJ, Rand TA, Ewers RM. 2007. Interactive effects of habitat modification and species invasion on native species decline. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22: 489-496.
50. Didham RK, Tylianakis JM, Hutchison MA, Ewers RM, Gemmell NJ. 2005. Are invasive species the drivers of ecological change? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 470-474.
51. Dietz H, Edwards PJ. 2006. Recognition that causal processes change during plant invasion helps explain conflicts in evidence. Ecology 87: 1359-1367.
52. Drake JA, Mooney HA, di Castri F, Groves RH, Kruger FJ, Rejmanek M, Williamson M. 1989. Biological invasions: a global perspective. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
53. Drenovsky RE, Grewell BJ, D'Antonio CM, Funk JL, James JJ, Molinari N, Parker IM, Richards CL. 2012. A functional trait perspective on plant invasion. Annals of Botany 110: 141-153.
54. Edwards KR, Adams MS, Kvet J. 1998. Differences between European native and American invasive populations of Lythrum salicaria. Applied Vegetation Science 1: 267-280.
55. Elton CS. 1958. The Ecology of invasions by animals and plants. London, UK: Methuen.
56. Erfmeier A, Bruelheide H. 2004. Comparison of native and invasive Rhododendron ponticum populations: growth, reproduction, and morphology under field conditions. Flora 199: 120-133.
57. Essl F, Dullinger S, Rabitsch W, Hulme PE, Hülber K, Jarošík V, Kleinbauer I, Krausmann F, Kühn I, Nentwig W, et al. 2011. Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 108: 203-207.
58. Facon B, Genton BJ, Shykoff J, Jarne P, Estoup A, David P. 2006. A general eco-evolutionary framework for understanding bioinvasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 130-135.
59. Fike J, Niering WA. 1999. Four decades of old field vegetation development and the role of Celastrus orbiculatus in the northeastern United States. Journal of Vegetation Science 10: 483-492.
60. Firn J, Moore JL, MacDougall AS, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, HilleRisLambers J, Harpole WS, Cleland EE, Brown CS, Knops JMH, et al. 2011. Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities. Ecology Letters 14: 274-281.
61. Florens FBV, Baider C. 2013. Ecological restoration in a developing island nation: how useful is the science? Restoration Ecology 21: 1-5.
62. Foxcroft LC, Freitag-Ronaldson S. 2007. Seven decades of institutional learning: managing alien plant invasions in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Oryx 41: 160-167.
63. Foxcroft LC, Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML. 2011. Expanding the conceptual frameworks of plant invasion ecology. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 13: 89-100.
64. Fraser LH, Henry HAL, Carlyle CN, White SR, Beierkuhnlein C, Cahill JF Jr, Casper BB, Cleland E, Collins SL, Dukes JS, et al. 2013. Coordinated distributed experiments: an emerging tool for testing global hypotheses in ecology and environmental science. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 11: 147-155.
65. Gaertner M, Breeÿen AD, Hui C, Richardson DM. 2009. Impacts of alien plant invasions on species richness in Mediterranean-type ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Progress in Physical Geography 33: 319-338.
66. Godoy O, Castro-Diez P, Van Logtestijn RSP, Cornelissen JHC, Valladares F. 2010. Leaf litter traits of invasive species slow down decomposition compared to Spanish natives: a broad phylogenetic comparison. Oecologia 162: 781-790.
67. Godoy O, Valladares F, Castro-Díez P. 2012. The relative importance for plant invasiveness of trait means, and their plasticity and integration in a multivariate framework. New Phytologist 195: 912-922.
68. Grant PR, Grant BR. 2008. How and why species multiply. The radiation of Darwin's finches. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press.
69. Gravuer K, Sullivan JJ, Williams PA, Duncan RP. 2008. Strong human association with plant invasion success for Trifolium introductions to New Zealand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105: 6344-6349.
70. Gurevitch J, Fox GA, Wardle GM, Inderjit, Taub D. 2011. Emergent insights from the synthesis of conceptual frameworks for biological invasions. Ecology Letters 14: 407-418.
71. Hager HA, McCoy KD. 1998. The implications of accepting untested hypotheses: a review of the effects of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North America. Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 1069-1079.
72. Hahn MA, van Kleunen M, Mueller-Schaerer H. 2012. Increased phenotypic plasticity to climate may have boosted the invasion success of polyploid Centaurea stoebe. PLoS ONE 7: e50284.
73. Haider S, Alexander J, Dietz H, Trepl L, Edwards PJ, Kueffer C. 2010. The role of bioclimatic origin, residence time and habitat context in shaping non-native plant distributions along an altitudinal gradient. Biological Invasions 12: 4003-4018.
74. Hamilton MA, Murray BG, Cadotte MW, Hose GC, Baker AC, Harris CJ, Licari D. 2005. Life-history correlates of plant invasiveness at regional and continental scales. Ecology Letters 8: 1066-1074.
75. Hanspach J, Kuehn I, Pyšek P, Boos E, Klotz S. 2008. Correlates of naturalization and occupancy of introduced ornamentals in Germany. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 10: 241-250.
76. Hawkes CV. 2007. Are invaders moving targets? The generality and persistence of advantages in size, reproduction, and enemy release in invasive plant species with time since introduction. American Naturalist 170: 832-843.
77. Herrera AM, Carruthers RI, Mills NJ. 2011. Introduced populations of Genista monspessulana (French broom) are more dense and produce a greater seed rain in California, USA, than native populations in the Mediterranean Basin of Europe. Biological Invasions 13: 369-380.
78. Hierro JL, Maron JL, Callaway RM. 2005. A biogeographical approach to plant invasions: the importance of studying exotics in their introduced and native range. Journal of Ecology 93: 5-15.
79. Hobbie JE, Carpenter SR, Grimm NB, Gosz JR, Seastedt TR. 2003. The US Long Term Ecological Research Program. BioScience 53: 21-32.
80. Hobbs R, Huenneke L. 1992. Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 6: 324-337.
81. Hobbs RJ, Higgs E, Hall C, eds. 2013. Novel Ecosystems. Intervening in the new ecological world order. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
82. Hobbs RJ, Humphries SE. 1995. An integrated approach to the ecology and management of plant invasions. Conservation Biology 9: 761-770.
83. Hobbs RJ, Richardson DM. 2011. Invasion ecology and restoration ecology: parallel evolution in two fields of endeavour. In: Richardson DM, ed. Fifty years of invasion ecology: the legacy of Charles Elton. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 61-69.
84. Hobbs RJ, Yates S, Mooney HA. 2007. Long-term data reveal complex dynamics in grassland in relation to climate and disturbance. Ecological Monographs 77: 545-568.
85. Hornoy B, Tarayre M, Hervé M, Gigord L, Atlan A. 2011. Invasive plants and enemy release: evolution of trait means and trait correlations in Ulex europaeus. PLoS ONE 6: e26275.
86. 2-fixing tree alters function and structure in wet lowland forests of Hawai'i. Ecological Applications 15: 1615-1628.
87. Hulme PE. 2012. Weed risk assessment: a way forward or a waste of time? Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 10-19.
88. Hulme PE, Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Vila M. 2012. Bias and error in current knowledge of plant invasions impacts. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28: 212-218.
89. Jaeger H, Kowarik I, Tye A. 2009. Destruction without extinction: long-term impacts of an invasive tree species on Galapagos highland vegetation. Journal of Ecology 97: 1252-1263.
90. Jarošík V, Pyšek P, Foxcroft LC, Richardson DM, Rouget M, McFadyen S. 2011. Predicting incursion of plant invaders into Kruger National Park, South Africa: the interplay of general drivers and species-specific factors. PLoS ONE 6: e28711.
91. Jeschke JM, Aparicio LG, Haider S, Heger T, Lortie CJ, Pyšek P, Strayer DL. 2012a. Support for major hypotheses in invasion biology is uneven and declining. NeoBiota 20: 1-20.
92. Jeschke JM, Aparicio LG, Haider S, Heger T, Lortie CJ, Pyšek P, Strayer DL. 2012b. Taxonomic bias and lack of cross-taxonomic studies in invasion biology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10: 349-350.
93. Jeschke JM, Keesing F, Ostfeld RS. 2013. Novel organisms: comparing invasive species, GMOs, and emerging pathogens. Ambio 42: 541-548.
94. Joshi J, Vrieling K. 2005. The enemy release and EICA hypothesis revisited: incorporating the fundamental difference between specialist and generalist herbivores. Ecology Letters 8: 704-714.
95. van Kleunen M, Dawson W, Schlaepfer D, Jeschke JM, Fischer M. 2010a. Are invaders different? A conceptual framework of comparative approaches for assessing determinants of invasiveness. Ecology Letters 13: 947-958.
96. Kolar CS, Lodge TS. 2001. Progress in invasion biology: predicting invaders. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 199-204.
97. Křivánek M, Pyšek P, Jarošík V. 2006. Planting history and propagule pressure as predictors of invasions by woody species in a temperate region. Conservation Biology 20: 1487-1498.
98. Kueffer C. 2010a. Reduced risk for positive soil-feedback on seedling regeneration by invasive trees on a very nutrient-poor soil in Seychelles. Biological Invasions 12: 97-102.
99. Kueffer C. 2010b. Transdisciplinary research is needed to predict plant invasions in an era of global change. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25: 619-620.
100. Kueffer C. 2012. The importance of collaborative learning and research among conservationists from different oceanic islands. Revue d'Ecologie (Terre et Vie) 11 (Suppl.): 125-135.
101. Kueffer C. 2013. Integrating natural and social sciences for understanding and managing plant invasions. In: Larrue S, ed. Biodiversity and society in the Pacific Islands. Marseille, France & Canberra, Australia: Presses Universitaires de Provence, Collection "Confluent des Sciences" & ANU ePress, 71-96.
102. Kueffer C, Beaver K, Mougal J. 2013a. Management of novel ecosystems in the Seychelles. In: Hobbs RJ, Higgs ES, Hall CM, eds. Novel ecosystems. Intervening in the new ecological world order. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 228-238.
103. Kueffer C, Daehler C. 2009. A habitat-classification framework and typology for understanding, valuing and managing invasive species impacts. In: Inderjit, ed. Management of invasive weeds. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 77-101.
104. Kueffer C, Daehler CC, Torres-Santana CW, Lavergne C, Meyer J-Y, Otto R, Silva L. 2010a. A global comparison of plant invasions on oceanic islands. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12: 145-161.
105. Kueffer C, Hirsch Hadorn G. 2008. How to achieve effectiveness in problem-oriented landscape research: the example of research on biotic invasions. Living Reviews in Landscape Research 2: 2.
106. Kueffer C, Klingler G, Zirfass K, Schumacher E, Edwards P, Güsewell S. 2008. Invasive trees show only weak potential to impact nutrient dynamics in phosphorus-poor tropical forests in the Seychelles. Functional Ecology 22: 359-366.
107. Kueffer C, McDougall K, Alexander J, Daehler C, Edwards PJ, Haider S, Milbau A, Parks C, Pauchard A, Reshi ZA, et al. 2013b. Plant invasions into mountain protected areas: assessment, prevention and control at multiple spatial scales. In: Foxcroft LC, Pyšek P, Richardson DM, Genovesi P, eds. Plant invasions in protected areas: patterns, problems and challenges. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer, in press.
108. Kueffer C, Niinemets Ü, Drenovsky RE, Kattge J, Milberg P, Poorter H, Reich PB, Werner C, Westoby M, Wright IJ. 2011. Fame, glory and neglect in meta-analyses. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26: 493-494.
109. Kueffer C, Schumacher E, Dietz H, Fleischmann K, Edwards PJ. 2010b. Managing successional trajectories in alien-dominated, novel ecosystems by facilitating seedling regeneration: a case study. Biological Conservation 143: 1792-1802.
110. Kulhanek SA, Ricciardi A, Leung B. 2011. Is invasion history a useful tool for predicting the impacts of the world's worst aquatic invasive species? Ecological Applications 21: 189-202.
111. Kumschick S, Hufbauer RA, Alba C, Blumenthal DM. 2013. Evolution of fast-growing and more resistant phenotypes in introduced common mullein (Verbascum thapsus). Journal of Ecology 101: 378-387.
112. Küster EC, Kühn I, Bruelheide H, Klotz S. 2008. Trait interactions help explain plant invasion success in the German flora. Journal of Ecology 96: 860-868.
113. Lankau RA. 2011a. Intraspecific variation in allelochemistry determines an invasive species' impact on soil microbial communities. Oecologia 165: 453-463.
114. Lankau RA. 2011b. Resistance and recovery of soil microbial communities in the face of Alliaria petiolata invasions. New Phytologist 189: 536-548.
115. Lankau RA, Nuzzo V, Spyreas G, Davis AS. 2009. Evolutionary limits ameliorate the negative impact of an invasive plant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 106: 15362-15367.
116. Lavergne S, Molofsky J. 2004. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) as a biological model in the study of plant invasions. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 23: 415-429.
117. Lavoie C. 2010. Should we care about purple loosestrife? The history of an invasive plant in North America. Biological Invasions 12: 1967-1999.
118. Leger EA, Espeland EK, Merrill KR, Meyer SE. 2009. Genetic variation and local adaptation at a cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion edge in western Nevada. Molecular Ecology 18: 4366-4379.
119. Leonelli S. 2007. Arabidopsis, the botanical Drosophila: from mouse cress to model organism. Endeavour 31: 34-38.
120. Levine JM, Adler PB, Yelenik SG. 2004. A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions. Ecology Letters 7: 975-989.
121. Liao C, Peng R, Luo Y, Zhou X, Wu X, Fang C, Chen J, Li B. 2008. Altered ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles by plant invasion: a meta-analysis. New Phytologist 177: 706-714.
122. Lloret F, Médail F, Brundu G, Camarda I, Moragues E, Rita J, Lambdon P, Hulme PE. 2005. Species attributes and invasion success by alien plants on Mediterranean islands. Journal of Ecology 93: 512-520.
123. Lockwood JL, Hoopes MF, Marchetti MP. 2013. Invasion ecology, 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
124. Lonsdale WM. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility. Ecology 80: 1522-1536.
125. Lugo AE. 2004. The outcome of alien tree invasions in Puerto Rico. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 2: 265-273.
126. Maron JL, Horvitz CC, Williams JL. 2010. Using experiments, demography and population models to estimate interaction strength based on transient and asymptotic dynamics. Journal of Ecology 98: 290-301.
127. Maron JL, Vilà M, Bommarco R, Elmendorf S, Beardsley P. 2004. Rapid evolution of an invasive plant. Ecological Monographs 74: 261-280.
128. Martin PH, Canham CD, Marks PL. 2009. Why forests appear resistant to exotic plant invasions: intentional introductions, stand dynamics, and the role of shade tolerance. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 142-149.
129. McDougall K, Alexander J, Haider S, Pauchard A, Walsh N, Kueffer C. 2011. Alien flora of mountains: global comparisons for the development of local preventive measures against plant invasions. Diversity and Distributions 17: 103-111.
130. Meiners SJ, Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML. 2002. Exotic plant invasions over 40 years of old field successions: community patterns and associations. Ecography 25: 215-223.
131. Meyer JY, Fourdrigniez M. 2011. Conservation benefits of biological control: the recovery of a threatened plant subsequent to the introduction of a pathogen to contain an invasive tree species. Biological Conservation 144: 106-113.
132. Milbau A, Stout JC. 2008. Factors associated with alien plants transitioning from casual, to naturalized, to invasive. Conservation Biology 22: 308-317.
133. Milbau A, Stout JC, Graae BJ, Nijs I. 2009. A hierarchical framework for integrating invasibility experiments incorporating different factors and spatial scales. Biological Invasions 11: 941-950.
134. Mitchell CE, Power AG. 2003. Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens. Nature 421: 625-627.
135. Mitchell-Olds T. 2001. Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives: a model system for ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 693-700.
136. Moles AT, Flores-Moreno H, Bonser SP, Warton DI, Helm A, Warman L, Eldridge DJ, Jurado E, Hemmings FA, Reich PB, et al. 2012. Invasions: the trail behind, the path ahead, and a test of a disturbing idea. Journal of Ecology 100: 116-127.
137. Moloney KA, Holzapfel C, Tielbörger K, Jeltsch F, Schurr FM. 2009. Rethinking the common garden in invasion research. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 11: 311-320.
138. Monty A, Mahy G. 2009. Clinal differentiation during invasion: Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) along altitudinal gradients in Europe. Oecologia 159: 305-315.
139. Mooney H, Drake J, eds. 1986. Ecology of biological invasions of North America and Hawaii. New York, NY, USA: Springer.
140. Morales CL, Traveset A. 2009. A meta-analysis of impacts of alien vs. native plants on pollinator visitation and reproductive success of co-flowering native plants. Ecology Letters 12: 716-728.
141. Moroney JR, Rundel PW. 2013. Abundance and dispersion of the invasive Mediterranean annual, Centaurea melitensis in its native and non-native ranges. Biological Invasions 15: 495-507.
142. Müller-Schärer H, Schaffner U, Steinger T. 2004. Evolution in invasive plants: implications for biological control. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 417-422.
143. Parendes LA, Jones JA. 2000. Role of light availability and dispersal in exotic plant invasion along roads and streams in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Conservation Biology 14: 64-75.
144. Parker JD, Torchin ME, Hufbauer RA, Lemoine NP, Alba C, Blumenthal DM, Bossdorf O, Byers JE, Dunn AM, Heckman RW et al. 2013. Do invasive species perform better in their new ranges? Ecology 98: 985-994.
145. Pauchard A, Kueffer C, Dietz H, Daehler CC, Alexander J, Edwards PJ, Arévalo JR, Cavieres L, Guisan A, Haider S, et al. 2009. Ain't no mountain high enough: plant invasions reaching new elevations. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 479-486.
146. Peltzer DA, Bellingham PJ, Kurokawa H, Walker LR, Wardle DA, Yeates GW. 2009. Punching above their weight: low-biomass non-native plant species alter soil properties during primary succession. Oikos 118: 1001-1014.
147. Pergl J, Perglová I, Pyšek P, Dietz H. 2006. Population age structure and reproductive behavior of the monocarpic perennial Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in its native and invaded distribution ranges. American Journal of Botany 93: 1018-1028.
148. Petitpierre B, Kueffer C, Broennimann O, Randin C, Daehler C, Guisan A. 2012. Climatic niche shifts are rare among terrestrial plant invaders. Science 335: 1344-1348.
149. Pickett STA, Kolasa J, Jones CG. 2007. Ecological understanding. The nature of theory and the theory of nature, 2nd edn. London, UK: Academic Press.
150. van der Pijl L. 1982. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
151. Polce C, Kunin WE, Biesmeijer JC, Dauber J, Phillips OL, Network AFS. 2011. Alien and native plants show contrasting responses to climate and land use in Europe. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20: 367-379.
152. Prach K, Walker LR. 2011. Four opportunities for studies of ecological succession. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26: 119-123.
153. Prinzing A, Durka W, Klotz S, Brandl R. 2002. Which species become aliens? Evolutionary Ecology Research 4: 385-405.
154. Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Hulme PE, Kühn I, Wild J, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Chiron F, Didziulis V, Essl F, et al. 2010. Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 107: 12157-12162.
155. Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Hejda M, Schaffner U, Vilà M. 2012. A global assessment of invasive plant impacts on resident species, communities and ecosystems: the interaction of impact measures, invading species' traits and environment. Global Change Biology 18: 1725-1737.
156. Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Pergl J, Randall R, Chytrý M, Kühn I, Tichý L, Danihelka J, Chrtek jun J, Sádlo J. 2009a. The global invasion success of Central European plants is related to distribution characteristics in their native range and species traits. Diversity & Distributions 15: 891-903.
157. Pyšek P, Křivánek M, Jarošík V. 2009b. Planting intensity, residence time, and species traits determine invasion success of alien woody species. Ecology 90: 2734-2744.
158. Pyšek P, Richardson DM. 2007. Traits associated with invasiveness in alien plants: where do we stand? In: Nentwig W, ed. Biological invasions. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, 97-125.
159. Pyšek P, Richardson DM, Pergl J, Jarošík V, Sixtová Z, Weber E. 2008. Geographical and taxonomic biases in invasion ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 237-244.
160. Pyšek P, Richardson DM, Williamson M. 2004. Predicting and explaining plant invasions through analysis of source area floras: some critical considerations. Diversity & Distributions 10: 179-187.
161. Randall RP. 2002. A global compendium of weeds. Melbourne, Australia: R.G. & F.J. Richardson Publishers.
162. Richards AJ, Bossdorf O, Muth NZ, Gurevitch J, Pigliucci M. 2006. Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions. Ecology Letters 9: 981-993.
163. Richardson DM. 1998. Forestry trees as invasive aliens. Conservation Biology 12: 18-26.
164. Richardson DM, ed. 2011a. Fifty years of invasion ecology: the legacy of Charles Elton. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
165. Richardson DM, ed. 2011b. Special Issue: human-mediated introductions of Australian acacias - a global experiment in biogeography. Diversity and Distributions 17: 771-1075.
166. Richardson DM, Pyšek P. 2006. Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Progress in Physical Geography 30: 409-431.
167. Richardson DM, Pyšek P. 2008. Fifty years of invasion ecology - the legacy of Charles Elton. Diversity and Distributions 14: 161-168.
168. Richardson DM, Pyšek P. 2012. Naturalization of introduced plants: ecological drivers of biogeographical patterns. New Phytologist 196: 383-396.
169. Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Carlton JT. 2011. A compendium of essential concepts and terminology in invasion ecology. In: Richardson DM, ed. Fifty years of invasion ecology: the legacy of Charles Elton. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 409-420.
170. Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Rejmánek M, Barbour MG, Panetta FD, West CJ. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions 6: 93-107.
171. Richardson DM, Rejmánek M. 2011. Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species - a global review. Diversity and Distributions 17: 788-809.
172. Richardson DM, Rouget M, Rejmánek M. 2004. Using natural experiments in the study of alien tree invasions: opportunities and limitations. In: Gordon MS, Bartol SM, eds. Experimental approaches to conservation biology. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 180-201.
173. Richardson DM, Williams PA, Hobbs RJ. 1994. Pine invasions in the Southern-Hemisphere - determinants of spread and invadability. Journal of Biogeography 21: 511-527.
174. Robertson GP, Collins SL, Foster DR, Brokaw N, Ducklow HW, Gragson TL, Gries C, Hamilton SK, McGuire AD, Moore JC, et al. 2012. Long-term ecological research in a human-dominated world. BioScience 62: 342-353.
175. Rodgers VL, Stinson KA, Finzi AC. 2008. Ready or not, garlic mustard is moving in: Alliaria petiolata as a member of eastern North American forests. BioScience 58: 426-436.
176. Sagarin R, Pauchard A. 2012. Observation and ecology. Broadening the scope of science to understand a complex world. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press.
177. Sax DF, Stachowicz JJ, Brown JH, Bruno JF, Dawson MN, Gaines SD, Grosberg RK, Hastings A, Holt RD, Mayfield MM, et al. 2007. Ecological and evolutionary insights from species invasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22: 465-471.
178. Schlaepfer DR, Glättli M, Fischer M, van Kleunen M. 2010. A multi-species experiment in their native range indicates pre-adaptation of invasive alien plant species. New Phytologist 185: 1087-1099.
179. Schmidt JP, Springborn M, Drake JM. 2012. Bioeconomic forecasting of invasive species by ecological syndrome. Ecosphere 3: 46.
180. Seastedt TR, Pyšek P. 2011. Mechanisms of plant invasions of North American and European grasslands. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 42: 133-153.
181. Seastedt TR, Suding KN, LeJeune KD. 2005. Understanding invasions: the rise and fall of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) in North America. In: Inderjit, ed. Invasive plants: ecological and agricultural aspects. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser, 129-139.
182. Simberloff D. 2006. Invasional meltdown 6 years later: important phenomenon, unfortunate metaphor, or both? Ecology Letters 9: 912-919.
183. Simberloff D. 2011a. Scope project. In: Simberloff D, Rejmanek M, eds. Encyclopedia of biological invasions. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 617-619.
184. Simberloff D, Gibbons L. 2004. Now you see them, now you don't - population crashes of established introduced species. Biological Invasions 6: 161-172.
185. Simberloff D, Martin J-L, Genovesi P, Maris V, Wardle DA, Aronson J, Courchamp F, Galil B, Garcia-Berthou E, Michel Pascal M, et al. 2013. Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28: 58-66.
186. Simberloff D, Rejmánek M, eds. 2011b Encyclopedia of biological invasions. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press.
187. Smith MD, Knapp AK, Collins SL. 2009. A framework for assessing ecosystem dynamics in response to chronic resource alterations induced by global change. Ecology 90: 3279-3289.
188. Sorte CJB, Ibáñez I, Blumenthal DM, Molinari NA, Miller LP, Grosholz ED, Diez JM, D'Antonio CM, Olden JD, Jones SJ, et al. 2013. Poised to prosper? A cross-system comparison of climate change effects on native and non-native species performance. Ecology Letters 16: 261-270.
189. Speek TAA, Lotz LAP, Ozinga WA, Tamis WLM, Schaminee JHJ, van der Putten WH. 2011. Factors relating to regional and local success of exotic plant species in their new range. Diversity and Distributions 17: 542-551.
190. Strayer DL. 2012. Eight questions about invasions and ecosystem functioning. Ecology Letters 15: 1199-1210.
191. Strayer DL, Eviner VT, Jeschke JM, Pace ML. 2006. Understanding the long-term effects of species invasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 645-651.
192. Stromberg JC, Chew MK, Nagler PL, Glenn EP. 2009. Changing perceptions of change: the role of scientists in Tamarix and river management. Restoration Ecology 17: 177-186.
193. Theoharides KA, Dukes JS. 2007. Plant invasion across space and time: factors affecting nonindigenous species success during four stages of invasion. New Phytologist 176: 256-273.
194. Thompson J, Lugo AE, Thomlinson J. 2007. Land use history, hurricane disturbance, and the fate of introduced species in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico. Plant Ecology 192: 289-301.
195. Travis J. 2006. Is it what we know or who we know? Choice of organism and robustness of inference in ecology and evolutionary biology. American Naturalist 167: 303-314.
196. Treier UA, Broennimann O, Normand S, Guisan A, Schaffner U, Steinger T, Mueller-Schaerer H. 2009. Shift in cytotype frequency and niche space in the invasive plant Centaurea maculosa. Ecology 90: 1366-1377.
197. Van Kleunen M, Johnson SD, Fischer M. 2007. Predicting naturalization of southern African Iridaceae in other regions. Journal of Applied Ecology 44: 594-603.
198. Van Kleunen M, Weber E, Fischer M. 2010b. A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species. Ecology Letters 13: 235-245.
199. Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Jarošík V, Maron JL, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Sun Y, Pyšek P. 2011. Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecology Letters 14: 702-708.
200. Vilà M, Weiner J. 2004. Are invasive plant species better competitors than native plant species? - evidence from pair-wise experiments. Oikos 105: 229-238.
201. Walther G-R, Roques A, Hulme PE, Sykes MT, Pyšek P, Kühn I, Zobel M, Bacher S, Botta-Dukat Z, Bugmann H, et al. 2009. Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 686-693.
202. Weber E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world. A reference guide to environmental weeds. Oxford, UK: CABI Publishing.
203. Weller SG, Cabin RJ, Lorence DH, Perlman S, Wood K, Flynn T, Sakai AK. 2011. Alien plant invasions, introduced ungulates, and alternative states in a mesic forest in Hawaii. Restoration Ecology 19: 671-680.
204. White EM, Wilson JC, Clarke AR. 2006. Biotic indirect effects: a neglected concept in invasion biology. Diversity and Distributions 12: 443-455.
205. Williams JL, Auge H, Maron JL. 2010. Testing hypotheses for exotic plant success: parallel experiments in the native and introduced ranges. Ecology 91: 1355-1366.
206. Williamson M. 1996. Biological Invasions. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.
207. Williamson M. 2006. Explaining and predicting the success of invading species at different stages of invasion. Biological Invasions 8: 1561-1568.
208. Wilson JRU, Dormontt EE, Prentis PJ, Lowe AJ, Richardson DM. 2009. Something in the way you move: dispersal pathways affect invasion success. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 136-144.
209. Wilson JRU, Richardson DM, Rouget M, Procheş S, Amis MA, Henderson L, Thuiller W. 2007. Residence time and potential range: crucial considerations in modelling plant invasions. Diversity and Distributions 13: 11-22.
210. Wolfe BT, Van Bloem SJ. 2012. Subtropical dry forest regeneration in grass-invaded areas of Puerto Rico: understanding why Leucaena leucocephala dominates and native species fail. Forest Ecology and Management 267: 253-261.
211. Woodcock D. 2003. To restore the watersheds: early twentieth-century tree planting in Hawai'i. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93: 624-635.
212. Zenni RD, Nuñez MA. 2013. The elephant in the room: the role of failed invasions in understanding invasion biology. Oikos 122: 801-815.