Feminine reproductive behavior and physiology in rodents: Integration of hormonal, behavioral, and environmental influences

Hormones, Brain and Behavior Online

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 67-108

  Blaustein, J D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Environment; Estrogen receptor; Fos; Intromissive stimulation; Lordosis; Mating behavior; Paracopulatory behavior; Proceptive behavior; Progestative behavior; Progestin receptor; Pseudopregnancy; Reproductive behavior; Sexual behavior; Social environment; Steroid receptor; Vaginocervical stimulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884809624     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-008088783-8.00002-4     Document Type: Chapter

References (447)

1. Acosta-Martinez M., Gonzalez-Flores O., Etgen A.M. The role of progestin receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in delta opioid receptor facilitation of female reproductive behaviors. Hormones and Behavior 2006, 49:458-462.
2. Adler N.T. Effects of the male's copulatory behavior on successful pregnancy of the female rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1969, 69:613-622.
3. Adler N.T., Davis P.G., Komisaruk B.R. Variation in the size and sensitivity of a genital sensory field in relation to the estrous cycle in rats. Hormones and Behavior 1977, 9:334-344.
4. Adler N.T., Resko J.A., Goy R.W. The effect of copulatory behavior on hormonal change in the female rat prior to implantation. Physiology and Behavior 1970, 5:1003-1007.
5. Adler N.T., Zoloth S.R. Copulatory behavior can inhibit pregnancy in female rats. Science 1970, 168:1480-1482.
6. Allen T.O., Adler N.T., Greenberg J.H., Reivich M. Vaginocervical stimulation selectively increases metabolic activity in the rat brain. Science 1981, 221:1070-1072.
7. Apostolakis E.M., Gerai J., Lohmann J.E., Clark J.H., O'Malley B.W. Epidermal growth factor activates reproductive behavior independent of ovarian steroids in female rodents. Molecular Endocrinology 2000, 14:1086-1098.
8. Apostolakis E.M., Ramamurphy M., Zhou D., Onate S., O'Malley B.W. Acute disruption of select steroid receptor coactivators prevents reproductive behavior in rats and unmasks genetic adaptation in knockout mice. Molecular Endocrinology 2002, 16:1511-1523.
9. Arbogast L.A., Voogt J.L. Endogenous opioid peptides contribute to suckling-induced prolactin release by suppressing tyrosine hydroxylase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. Endocrinology 1998, 139:2857-2862.
10. Arey B.J., Freeman M.E. Oxytocin, vasoactive-intestinal peptide, and serotonin regulate the mating-induced surges of prolactin secretion in the rat. Endocrinology 1990, 126:279-284.
11. Armstrong W.E. Morphological and electrophysiological classification of hypothalamic supraoptic neurons. Progress in Neurobiology 1995, 47:291-339.
12. Attardi B. Facilitation and inhibition of the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in the rat by progesterone: Effects on cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area, pituitary, and uterus. Endocrinology 1981, 108:1487-1496.
13. Auger A.P., LaRiccia L.M., Moffatt C.A., Blaustein J.D. Progesterone, but not progesterone-independent activation of progestin receptors by a mating stimulus, rapidly decreases progestin receptor immunoreactivity in female rat brain. Hormones and Behavior 2000, 37:135-144.
14. Auger A.P., Moffatt C.A., Blaustein J.D. Reproductively-relevant stimuli induce Fos-immunoreactivity within progestin receptor-containing neurons in localized regions of female rat forebrain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1996, 8:831-838.
15. Auger A.P., Moffatt C.A., Blaustein J.D. Progesterone-independent activation of rat brain progestin receptors by reproductive stimuli. Endocrinology 1997, 138:511-514.
16. Bakker J., Baum M.J. Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release in induced ovulators. Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology 2000, 21:220-262.
17. Barfield M.A., Lisk R.D. Relative contributions of ovarian and adrenal progesterone to the timing of heat in the 4-day cyclic rat. Endocrinology 1974, 94:571-575.
18. Barraclough C.A. Unit activity associated with stimulation of the vaginal cervix in proestrous rats. Anatomical Record 1960, 136:159.
19. Barraclough C.A., Cross B.A. Unit activity in the hypothalamus of the cyclic female rat: Effect of genital stimuli and progesterone. Journal of Endocrinology 1963, 26:339-359.
20. Baulieu E.E., Schumacher M., Koenig H., Jung-Testas I., Akwa Y. Progesterone as a neurosteroid: Actions within the nervous system. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 1996, 16:143-154.
21. Baum M.J., De Greef W.J., Kloet G.A., Schretlen P.J. Evidence that a factor besides progesterone, prolactin, or plasma-estradiol-binding protein inhibits estrogen-induced sexual receptivity in pregnant rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1979, 93:278-294.
22. Baum M.J., Sodersten P., Vreeburg J.T.M. Mounting and receptive behavior in the ovariectomized female rat: Influence of estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and genital anesthetization. Hormones and Behavior 1974, 5:175-190.
23. Beach F.A. Importance of progesterone to induction of sexual receptivity in spayed female rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1942, 51:369-371.
24. Beach F.A. Sexual attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity in female mammals. Hormones and Behavior 1976, 7:105-138.
25. Beach F.A., OrndoffR.K. Variation in the responsiveness of female rats to ovarian hormones as a function of preceding hormonal deprivation. Hormones and Behavior 1974, 5:201-205.
26. Beach J.E., Tyrey L., Everett J.W. Serum prolactin and LH in early phases of delayed versus direct pseudopregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 1975, 96:1241-1246.
27. Bennett A.L., Blasberg M.E., Blaustein J.D. Sensory cues mediating mating-induced potentiation of sexual receptivity in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 2001, 40:77-83.
28. Bennett A.L., Greco B., Blasberg M.E., Blaustein J.D. Response to male odours in progestin receptor- and oestrogen receptor-containing cells in female rat brain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2002, 14:442-449.
29. Berkley K.J., Guilbaud G., Benoist J.M., Gautron M. Responses of neurons in and near the thalamic ventrobasal complex of the rat to stimulation of uterus, cervix, vagina, colon, and skin. Journal of Neurophysiology 1993, 69:557-568.
30. Bermant G. Response latencies of female rats during sexual intercourse. Science 1961, 133:1771-1773.
31. Bermant G., Anderson L., Parkinson S.R. Copulation in rats: Relations among intromission duration, frequency, and pacing. Psychonomic Science 1969, 17:293-294.
32. Bermant G., Westbrook W.H. Peripheral factors in the regulation of sexual contact by female rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1966, 61:244-250.
33. Bethea C.L., Brown N.A., Kohama S.G. Steroid regulation of estrogen and progestin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in monkey hypothalamus and pituitary. Endocrinology 1996, 137:4372-4383.
34. Beyer C., Canchola E., Larsson K. Facilitation of lordosis behaviour in the ovariectomized estrogen-primed rat by dibutyryl cAMP. Physiology and Behavior 1981, 26:249-251.
35. 2, and cyclic AMP on lordosis and proceptive behaviours in rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1997, 9:609-614.
36. Blake C.A., Sawyer C.H. Effects of vaginal stimulation on hypothalamic multiple-unit activity and pituitary LH release in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1972, 10:358-370.
37. Blandau R.J., Boling J.L., Young W.C. The length of heat in the albino rat as determined by the copulatory response. Anatomical Record 1941, 79:453-463.
38. Blasberg M.E., Robinson S., Henderson L.P., Clark A.S. Inhibition of estrogen-induced sexual receptivity by androgens: Role of the androgen receptor. Hormones and Behavior 1998, 34:283-293.
39. Blaustein J.D. Alteration of sensitivity to progesterone facilitation of lordosis in guinea pigs by modulation of hypothalamic progestin receptors. Brain Research 1982, 243:287-300.
40. Blaustein J.D. Progesterone in high doses may overcome progesterone's desensitization effect on lordosis by translocation of hypothalamic progestin receptors. Hormones and Behavior 1982, 16:175-190.
41. 1-noradrenergic antagonist prazosin decreases the concentration of estrogen receptors in female hypothalamus. Brain Research 1987, 404:39-50.
42. Blaustein J.D. Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in rat brain: Immunocytochemical evidence using three antibodies with distinct epitopes. Endocrinology 1992, 131:1336-1342.
43. Blaustein J.D. Modulation of sex steroid receptors by neurotransmitters: Relevant techniques. Neuroprotocols 1992, 1:42-51.
44. Blaustein J.D. Estrogen receptors in neurons: New subcellular locations and functional implications. Endocrine Journal 1994, 2:249-258.
45. Blaustein J.D. Minireview: Neuronal steroid hormone receptors: They're not just for hormones anymore. Endocrinology 2004, 145:1075-1081.
46. Blaustein J.D., Brown T.J. Progesterone decreases the concentration of hypothalamic and anterior pituitary estrogen receptors in ovariectomized rats. Brain Research 1984, 304:225-236.
47. Blaustein J.D., Brown T.J. Neural progestin receptors: Regulation of progesterone-facilitated sexual behaviour in female guinea pigs. Neurobiology: Current Comparative Approaches 1985, 60-76. Springer, Berlin. R. Gilles, J. Balthazart (Eds.).
48. Blaustein J.D., Brown T.J., Reading D.S. Failure of a protein synthesis inhibitor to block progesterone's desensitization action on lordosis in female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1982, 29:475-481.
49. Blaustein J.D., Brown T.J., Swearengen E.S. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase inhibitors modulate the concentration of functional estrogen receptors in female rat hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology 1986, 43:150-158.
50. Blaustein J.D., Erskine M.S. Feminine sexual behavior: Cellular integration of hormonal and afferent information in the rodent forebrain. Hormones, Brain and Behavior 2002, vol. 1:139-214. Academic Press, New York. D.W. Pfaff, A.P. Arnold, A.M. Etgen, S.E. Fahrbach, R.T. Rubin (Eds.).
51. Blaustein J.D., Feder H.H. Cytoplasmic progestin receptors in female guinea pig brain and their relationship to refractoriness in expression of female sexual behavior. Brain Research 1979, 177:489-498.
52. Blaustein J.D., Feder H.H. Cytoplasmic progestin receptors in guinea pig brain: Characteristics and relationship to the induction of sexual behavior. Brain Research 1979, 169:481-497.
53. Blaustein J.D., Feder H.H. Progesterone, at plasma levels lower than those of mid-pregnancy, decreases sexual behavior in ovariectomized rats. Physiology and Behavior 1979, 23:1099-1104.
54. Blaustein J.D., Feder H.H. Nuclear progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by and in vitro exchange assay after hormonal treatments that affect lordosis. Endocrinology 1980, 106:1061-1069.
55. Blaustein J.D., Greco B. A progestin antagonist blocks vaginocervical stimulation-induced Fos expression in neurones containing progestin receptors in the rostral medial preoptic area. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2002, 14:109-115.
56. Blaustein J.D., King J.C., Toft D.O., Turcotte J. Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen-induced progestin receptors in guinea pig brain. Brain Research 1988, 474:1-15.
57. Blaustein J.D., Lehman M.N., Turcotte J.C., Greene G. Estrogen receptors in dendrites and axon terminals in the guinea pig hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1992, 131:281-290.
58. 2-noradrenergic receptors. Brain Research 1987, 404:51-57.
59. Blaustein J.D., Mani S.K. Feminine sexual behavior from neuroendocrine and molecular neurobiological perspectives. Behavioral Neurochemistry, Neuroendocrinology and Molecular Neurobiology 2007, 95-150. Springer, Berlin. J.D. Blaustein (Ed.).
60. Blaustein J.D., Olster D.H. Gonadal steroid hormone receptors and social behaviors. Molecular and Cellular Basis of Social Behavior in Vertebrates 1989, vol. 3:31-104. Springer, Berlin. J. Balthazart (Ed.).
61. Blaustein J.D., Turcotte J. Further evidence of noradrenergic regulation of rat hypothalamic estrogen receptor concentration: Possible non-functional increase and functional decrease. Brain Research 1987, 436:253-264.
62. Blaustein J.D., Turcotte J. Small apomorphine-induced increase in the concentration of cytosol estrogen receptors in female rat hypothalamus and pituitary. Brain Research Bulletin 1987, 18:585-590.
63. Blaustein J.D., Turcotte J.C. A small population of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea-pig arcuate nucleus contains progestin receptor-immunoreactivity. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1989, 1:333-338.
64. Blaustein J.D., Turcotte J.C. Down-regulation of progestin receptors in guinea pig brain: New findings using an immunocytochemical technique. Journal of Neurobiology 1990, 21:675-685.
65. 3H)estradiol uptake by progesterone in female rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1977, 91:742-751.
66. Blaustein J.D., Wade G.N. Sequential inhibition of sexual behavior by progesterone in female rats: Comparison with a synthetic antiestrogen. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1977, 91:752-760.
67. Boling J.L., Blandau R.J. The estrogen-progesterone induction of mating responses in the spayed female rat. Endocrinology 1939, 25:359-364.
68. Bradley K.C., Meisel R.L. Sexual behavior induction of c-Fos in the nucleus accumbens and amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity are sensitized by previous sexual experience in female Syrian hamsters. Journal of Neuroscience 2001, 21:2123-2130.
69. Bradley K.C., Mullins A.J., Meisel R.L., Watts V.J. Sexual experience alters D1 receptor-mediated cyclic AMP production in the nucleus accumbens of female Syrian hamsters. Synapse 2004, 53:20-27.
70. Brandling-Bennett E.M., Blasberg M.E., Clark A.S. Paced mating behavior in female rats in response to different hormone priming regimens. Hormones and Behavior 1999, 35:144-154.
71. Broekman M., de Bruin M., Smeenk J., Slob A.K., van der Schoot P. Partner preference behavior of estrous female rats affected by castration of tethered male incentives. Hormones and Behavior 1988, 22:324-337.
72. Brown T.J., Blaustein J.D. Inhibition of sexual behavior in female guinea pigs by a progestin receptor antagonist. Brain Research 1984, 301:343-349.
73. Brown T.J., Blaustein J.D. Loss of hypothalamic nuclear-bound progestin receptors: Factors involved and the relationship to heat termination in female guinea pigs. Brain Research 1985, 358:180-190.
74. Brown T.J., Blaustein J.D. Abbreviation of the period of sexual behavior in female guinea pigs by the progesterone antagonist, RU 486. Brain Research 1986, 373:103-113.
75. Brown T.J., MacLusky N.J. Progesterone modulation of estrogen receptors in microdissected regions of the rat hypothalamus. Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences 1994, 5:283-290.
76. Brown T.J., MacLusky N.J., Leranth C., Shanabrough M., Naftolin F. Progestin receptor-containing cells in guinea pig hypothalamus: Afferent connections, morphological characteristics, and neurotransmitter content. Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences 1990, 1:58-77.
77. Brown T.J., Moore M.J., Blaustein J.D. Maintenance of progesterone-facilitated sexual behavior in female rats requires continued hypothalamic protein synthesis and nuclear progestin receptor occupation. Endocrinology 1987, 121:298-304.
78. Brown-Grant K., Davidson J.M., Greig F. Induced ovulation in albino rats exposed to constant light. Journal of Endocrinology 1973, 57:7-22.
79. Bullitt E. Expression of c-fos-like protein as a marker for neuronal activity following noxious stimulation in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1990, 296:517-530.
80. Caldwell J.D., Jirikowski G.F., Greer E.R., Stumpf W.E., Pedersen C.A. Ovarian steroids and sexual interaction alter oxytocinergic content and distribution in the basal forebrain. Brain Research 1988, 446:236-244.
81. Calizo L.H., Flanagan-Cato L.M. Estrogen selectively regulates spine density within the dendritic arbor of rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 2000, 20:1589-1596.
82. Calizo L.H., Flanagan-Cato L.M. Hormonal-neural integration in the female rat ventromedial hypothalamus: Triple labeling for estrogen receptor-alpha, retrograde tract tracing from the periaqueductal gray, and mating-induced Fos expression. Endocrinology 2003, 144:5430-5440.
83. Calizo L.H., Flanagan-Cato L.M. Estrogen-induced dendritic spine elimination on female rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurons that project to the periaqueductal gray. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2002, 447:234-248.
84. Camacho-Arroyo I., Villamar-Cruz O., Gonzalez-Arenas A., Guerra-Araiza C. Participation of the 26S proteasome in the regulation of progesterone receptor concentrations in the rat brain. Neuroendocrinology 2002, 76:267-271.
85. Cameron N.M., Carey P., Erskine M.S. Medullary noradrenergic neurons release norepinephrine in the medial amygdala in females in response to mating stimulation sufficient for pseudopregnancy. Brain Research 2004, 1022:137-147.
86. Cameron N., Erskine M.S. c-fos Expression in the forebrain after mating in the female rat is altered by adrenalectomy. Neuroendocrinology 2003, 77:305-313.
87. Cameron N.M., Ha G.K., Erskine M.S. Fos expression after mating in noradrenergic cells of the A1 and A2 areas of the medulla is altered by adrenalectomy. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2004, 16:750-757.
88. Carlson R.R., DeFeo V.J. Role of the pelvic nerve vs. the abdominal sympathetic nerves in the reproductive function of the female rat. Endocrinology 1965, 77:1014-1022.
89. Carrer H.F. Mesencephalic participation in the control of sexual behavior in the female rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1978, 92:877-887.
90. Carter C.S. Postcopulatory sexual receptivity in the female hamster: The role of the ovary and adrenal. Hormones and Behavior 1972, 3:261-265.
91. Carter C.S. Stimuli contributing to the decrement in sexual receptivity of female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Animal Behaviour 1973, 21:827-834.
92. Carter C.S., Getz L.L. Social and hormonal determinants of reproductive patterns in the prairie vole. Neurobiology 1985, 18-36. Springer, Berlin. R. Gilles, J. Balthazart (Eds.).
93. Carter C.S., Landauer M.R., Tierney B.M., Jones T. Regulation of female sexual behavior in the golden hamster: Behavioral effects of mating and ovarian hormones. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1976, 90:839-850.
94. Carter C.S., Schein M.W. Sexual receptivity and exhaustion in the female golden hamster. Hormones and Behavior 1971, 2:191-200.
95. Castro-Vazquez A., McCann S.M. Cyclic changes in the reflex of prolactin following cervicovaginal stimulation. Neuroendocrinology 1979, 28:3-10.
96. Cenni B., Picard D. Ligand-independent activation of steroid receptors: New roles for old players. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999, 10:41-46.
97. Champagne F.A., Weaver I.C., Diorio J., Dymov S., Szyf M., Meaney M.J. Maternal care associated with methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha1b promoter and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in the medial preoptic area of female offspring. Endocrinology 2006, 147:2909-2915.
98. Champagne F.A., Weaver I.C., Diorio J., Sharma S., Meaney M.J. Natural variations in maternal care are associated with estrogen receptor alpha expression and estrogen sensitivity in the medial preoptic area. Endocrinology 2003, 144:4720-4724.
99. Chan A., Dudley C.A., Moss R.L. Hormonal and chemical modulation of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons responsive to vaginocervical stimulation. Neuroendocrinology 1984, 38:328-336.
100. Chen T.J., Chang H.C., Hsu C., Peng M.T. Effects of anterior roof deafferentation on lordosis behavior and estrogen receptors in various brain regions of female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1992, 52:7-11.
101. Chester R.V., Zucker I. Influence of male copulatory behavior on sperm transport, pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1970, 5:35-43.
102. Chu H.P., Etgen A.M. Ovarian hormone dependence of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor activation of the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway: Relevance for hormonal facilitation of lordosis behavior. Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 19:7191-7197.
103. Chu H.P., Morales J.C., Etgen A.M. Cyclic GMP may potentiate lordosis behaviour by progesterone receptor activation. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1999, 11:107-113.
104. Clark A.S., Guarraci F.A., Megroz A.B., Porter D.M., Henderson L.P. The display of sexual behaviors by female rats administered ICI 182,780. Hormones and Behavior 2003, 43:454-464.
105. Clark A.S., Kelton M.C., Guarraci F.A., Clyons E.Q. Hormonal status and test condition, but not sexual experience, modulate partner preference in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 2004, 45:314-323.
106. 1-Noradrenergic receptor blockade decreases nuclear estrogen receptor binding in guinea pig hypothalamus and preoptic area. Brain Research 1985, 330:197-199.
107. Clark A.S., Pfeifle J.K., Edwards D.A. Ventromedial hypothalamic damage and sexual proceptivity in female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1981, 27:597-602.
108. Clark A.S., Roy E.J. Behavioral and cellular responses to pulses of low doses of estradiol-17. Physiology and Behavior 1983, 30:561-565.
109. Clark C.R., MacLusky N.J., Naftolin F. Oestrogen induction of progestin receptors in the rat brain and pituitary gland: Quantitative and kinetic aspects. Journal of Endocrinology 1982, 93:339-353.
110. Clark C.R., MacLusky N.J., Parsons B., Naftolin F. Effects of estrogen deprivation on brain estrogen and progestin receptor levels and the activation of female sexual behavior. Hormones and Behavior 1981, 15:289-298.
111. Clarke C.H., Norfleet A.M., Clarke M.S.F., Watson C.S., Cunningham K.A., Thomas M.L. Perimembrane localization of the estrogen receptor alpha protein in neuronal processes of cultured hippocampal neurons. Neuroendocrinology 2000, 71:34-42.
112. Clemens L.G., Hiroi M., Gorski R.A. Induction and facilitation of female mating behavior in rats treated neonatally with low doses of testosterone propionate. Endocrinology 1969, 84:1430-1438.
113. Cohen-Parsons M., Roy E.J. Social stimuli augment estrogen receptor binding in preoptic area of female prairie voles. Brain Research 1989, 476:363-366.
114. Collins V.J., Boling J.I., Dempsey E.W., Young W.C. Quantitative studies of experimentally induced sexual receptivity in the spayed guinea pig. Endocrinology 1938, 23:188-196.
115. Conneely O.M., Kettleberger D.M., Tsai M.J., Schrader W.T., O'Malley B.W. The chicken progesterone receptor A and B isoforms are products of an alternate translation initiation event. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989, 264:14062-14064.
116. Coopersmith C.B., Candurra C., Erskine M.S. Effects of paced mating and intromissive stimulation on feminine sexual behavior and estrus termination in the cycling rat. Journal of Comparative Psychology 1996, 110:176-186.
117. Coopersmith C., Erskine M.S. Influence of paced mating and number of intromissions on fertility in the laboratory rat. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1994, 102:451-458.
118. Coopersmith C., Gans S.E., Rowe D.W., Erskine M.S. Infusions of lidocaine into the amygdala, but not the preoptic area, block pseudopregnancy in the rat. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1996, 8:259-266.
119. Coria-Avila G.A., Pfaus J.G. Neuronal activation by stimuli that predict sexual reward in female rats. Neuroscience 2007, 148:623-632.
120. Couse J.F., Korach K.S. Estrogen receptor null mice: What have we learned and where will they lead us?. Endocrine Reviews 1999, 20:358-417.
121. Crowley W.R., Nock B.L., Feder H.H. Facilitation of lordosis behavior by clonidine in female guinea pigs. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 1978, 8:207-209.
122. Cueva-Rolon R., Sansone G., Bianca R., Gomez L.E., Beyer C., Whipple B., Komisaruk B.R. Vagotomy blocks responses to vaginocervical stimulation after genitospinal neurectomy in rats. Physiology and Behavior 1996, 60:19-24.
123. Czaja J.A., Butera P.C., McCaffrey T.A. Duration of hormonal deprivation: Influences on physiological and behavioral responsiveness to estradiol. Hormones and Behavior 1985, 19:52-63.
124. Dafny N., Terkel J. Hypothalamic neuronal activity associated with onset of pseudopregnancy in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1990, 51:459-467.
125. Davidson J.M., Rodgers C.H., Smith E.R., Bloch G.J. Stimulation of female sex behavior in adrenalectomized rats with estrogen alone. Endocrinology 1968, 82:193-195.
126. De Greef W.J., Neill J.D. Dopamine levels in hypophysial stalk plasma of the rat during surges of prolactin secretion induced by cervical stimulation. Endocrinology 1979, 105:1093-1099.
127. De Greef W.J., Schenck P.E., Vreeburg J.T.M., Van Der Vaart P.D.M., Baum M.J. Evidence that a placental factor other than androsterone or dihydrotestosterone inhibits oestrogen-induced lordosis behaviour in pregnant rats. Journal of Endocrinology 1981, 89:13-23.
128. De Jonge F.H., Eerland E.M., Van De Poll N.E. The influence of estrogen, testosterone and progesterone on partner preference, receptivity and proceptivity. Physiology and Behavior 1986, 37:885-891.
129. Debold J.F., Frye C.A. Genomic and non-genomic actions of progesterone in the control of female hamster sexual behavior. Hormones and Behavior 1994, 28:445-453.
130. DeCatanzaro D., Gorzalka B.B. Effects of dexamethasone, corticosterone, and ACTH on lordosis in ovariectomized and adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 1979, 12:201-206.
131. DeCatanzaro D., Knipping R.P., Gorzalka B.B. Antagonism of estrogen-induced lordosis by corticosterone in adrenalectomized-ovariectomized female rats and mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 1981, 15:761-766.
132. Delville Y., Blaustein J.D. Long-term ovariectomy and hormone-induced sexual behavior, progestin receptors, and hypothalamic morphology in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 1989, 23:269-278.
133. DeMaria J.E., Livingstone J.D., Freeman M.E. Characterization of the dopaminergic input to the pituitary gland throughout the estrous cycle of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1998, 67:377-383.
134. Dempsey E.W., Hertz R., Young W.C. The experimental induction of oestrus (sexual receptivity) in the normal and ovariectomized guinea pig. American Journal of Physiology 1936, 116:201-209.
135. Dempsey E.W., Searles H.F. Environmental modification of cetain endocrine phenomena. Endocrinology 1943, 32:119-128.
136. Dewing P., Boulware M.I., Sinchak K., Christensen A., Mermelstein P.G., Micevych P. Membrane estrogen receptor-alpha interactions with metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a modulate female sexual receptivity in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27:9294-9300.
137. Diakow C. Motion picture analysis of rat mating behavior. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1975, 88:704-712.
138. DonCarlos L.L., Malik K., Morrell J.I. Region-specific effects of ovarian hormones on estrogen receptor immunoreactivity. NeuroReport 1995, 6(15):2054-2058.
139. Dudley C.A., Rajendren G., Moss R.L. Induction of FOS immunoreactivity in central accessory olfactory structures of the female rat following exposure to conspecific males. Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences 1992, 3:360-369.
140. Edwards D.A. Induction of estrus in female mice: Estrogen-progesterone interactions. Hormones and Behavior 1970, 1:299-304.
141. Edwards D.A., Pfeifle J.K. Hormonal control of receptivity, proceptivity and sexual motivation. Physiology and Behavior 1983, 30:437-443.
142. Edwards D.A., Whalen R.E., Nadler R.D. Induction of estrus: Estrogen-progesterone interactions. Physiology and Behavior 1968, 3:29-33.
143. Egli M., Bertram R., Toporikova N., Sellix M.T., Blanco W., Freeman M.E. Prolactin secretory rhythm of mated rats induced by a single injection of oxytocin. American Journal of Psychiatry - Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006, 290:E566-E572.
144. Emery D.E., Moss R.L. Lesions confined to the ventromedial hypothalamus decrease the frequency of coital contacts in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 1984, 18:313-329.
145. Emery D.E., Moss R.L. p-Chlorophenylalanin alters pacing of copulation in female rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 1984, 20:337-341.
146. Erskine M.S. Effects of an anti-androgen and 5α-reductase inhibitors on estrus duration in the cycling female rat. Physiology and Behavior 1983, 30:519-524.
147. Erskine M.S. Effects of paced coital stimulation on estrous duration in intact cycling rats and ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 1985, 99:151-161.
148. Erskine M.S. Solicitation behavior in the estrous female rat: A review. Hormones and Behavior 1989, 23:473-502.
149. Erskine M.S. Pelvic and pudendal nerves influence the display of paced mating behavior in response to estrogen and progesterone in the female rat. Behavioral Neuroscience 1992, 106:690-697.
150. Erskine M.S. Mating-induced increases in FOS protein in preoptic area and medial amygdala of cycling female rats. Brain Research Bulletin 1993, 32:447-451.
151. Erskine M.S. Prolactin release after mating and genitosensory stimulation in females. Endocrine Reviews 1995, 16:508-528.
152. Erskine M.S., Hanrahan S.B. Effects of paced mating on c-fos gene expression in the female rat brain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1997, 9:903-912.
153. Erskine M.S., Kornberg E. Acute luteinizing hormone and prolactin responses to paced mating stimulation in the estrous female rat. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1992, 4:173-179.
154. Erskine M.S., Kornberg E., Cherry J.A. Paced copulation in rats: Effects of intromission frequency and duration on luteal activation and estrus length. Physiology and Behavior 1989, 45:33-39.
155. Erskine M.S., Lehmann M.L., Cameron N.M., Polston E.K. Co-regulation of female sexual behavior and pregnancy induction: An exploratory synthesis. Behavioural Brain Research 2004, 153:295-315.
156. Etgen A.M. Oxytocin does not act locally in the hypothalamus to elicit norepinephrine release. Brain Research 1995, 703(1-2):242-244.
157. Etgen A.M., Barfield R.J. Antagonism of female sexual behavior with intracerebral implants of antiprogestin RU 38486: Correlation with binding to neural progestin receptors. Endocrinology 1986, 119:1610-1617.
158. Etgen A.M., Morales J.C. Somatosensory stimuli evoke norepinephrine release in the anterior ventromedial hypothalamus of sexually receptive female rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2002, 14:213-218.
159. Everett J.W. Spontaneous persistent estrus in a strain of albino rats. Endocrinology 1939, 25:123-127.
160. Fadem B.H., Barfield R.J., Whalen R.E. Dose-response and time-response relationships between progesterone and the display of patterns of receptive and proceptive behavior in the female rat. Hormones and Behavior 1979, 13:40-48.
161. Farrell S.F., Ghavami G., Blaustein J.D. Effects of intromissive and nonintromissive mating stimulation on ear wiggling and rejection behaviors in estradiol-primed female rats 2005, Abstract 320.15.
162. Feder H.H., Marrone B.L. Progesterone: Its role in the central nervous system as a facilitator and inhibitor of sexual behavior and gonadotropin release. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1977, 286:331-354.
163. Feder H.H., Resko J.A., Goy R.W. Progesterone concentrations in the arterial plasma of guinea pigs during the oestrous cycle. Journal of Endocrinology 1968, 40:505-513.
164. Feder H.H., Ruf K.B. Stimulation of progesterone release and estrous behavior by ACTH in ovariectomized rodents. Endocrinology 1969, 84:171-172.
165. Flanagan L.M., Pfaus J.G., PfaffD.W., McEwen B.S. Induction of fos immunoreactivity in oxytocin neurons after sexual activity in female rats. Neuroendocrinology 1993, 58(3):352-358.
166. Flanagan-Cato L.M., Calizo L.H., Griffin G.D., Lee B.J., Whisner S.Y. Sexual behaviour induces the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein and modifies neuronal morphology in the female rat ventromedial hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2006, 18:857-864.
167. Flanagan-Cato L.M., Lee B.J., Calizo L.H. Co-localization of midbrain projections, progestin receptors, and mating-induced fos in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the female rat. Hormones and Behavior 2006, 50:52-60.
168. Flanagan-Cato L.M., McEwen B.S. Pattern of fos and jun expression in the female rat forebrain after sexual behavior. Brain Research 1995, 673:53-60.
169. Foreman M.M., Moss R.L. Effects of subcutaneous injection and intrahypothalamic infusion of releasing hormones upon lordotic response to repetitive coital stimulation. Hormones and Behavior 1977, 8:219-234.
170. Foreman M.M., Moss R.L. Roles of gonadotropins and releasing hormones in hypothalamic control of lordotic behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1979, 93:556-565.
171. Frankfurt M., Gould E., Woolley C.S., McEwen B.S. Gonadal steroids modify dendritic spine density in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons - a Golgi study in the adult rat. Neuroendocrinology 1990, 51(5):530-535.
172. Freeman M.E., Kanyicska B., Lerant A., Nagy G. Prolactin: Structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiological Reviews 2000, 80:1523-1631.
173. Freeman M.E., Neill J.D. The pattern of prolactin secretion during pseudopregnancy in the rat: A daily nocturnal surge. Endocrinology 1972, 90:1292-1294.
174. Frye C.A., Erskine M.S. Influence of time of mating and paced copulation on induction of pseudopregnancy in cyclic female rats. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1990, 90(2):375-385.
175. Fuchs A.-R., Cubile L., Dawood M.Y. Effects of mating on levels of oxytocin and prolactin in the plasma of male and female rabbits. Journal of Endocrinology 1981, 90:245-253.
176. Gans S., Erskine M.S. Effects of neonatal testosterone treatment on pacing behaviors and development of a conditioned place preference. Hormones and Behavior 2003, 44:354-364.
177. Gardener H.E., Clark A.S. Systemic ICI 182,780 alters the display of sexual behavior in the female rat. Hormones and Behavior 2001, 39:121-130.
178. Garey J., Kow L.M., Huynh W., Ogawa S., PfaffD.W. Temporal and spatial quantitation of nesting and mating behaviors among mice housed in a semi-natural environment. Hormones and Behavior 2002, 42:294-306.
179. Ghavami G., Farrell S.F., Laroche J., Blaustein J.D. Enhancement of feminine rat sexual behavior by non-intromissive, mating stimulation via ligand-independent activation of progestin receptors 2005, Abstract 320.
180. 3H]estradiol binding in hypothalamus of female rats, but not of males. Life Sciences 1983, 33:2221-2228.
181. Gilman D.P., Hitt J.C. Effects of gonadal hormones on pacing of sexual contacts by female rats. Behavioral Biology 1978, 24:77-87.
182. Gilman D.P., Mercer L.F., Hitt J.C. Influence of female copulatory behavior on the induction of pseudopregnancy in the female rat. Physiology and Behavior 1979, 22:675-678.
183. Gilman D.P., Westbrook W.H. Mating preference and sexual reinforcement in female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1978, 20:11-14.
184. Glaser J.H., Rubin B.S., Barfield R.J. Onset of the receptive and proceptive components of feminine sexual behavior in rats following the intravenous administration of progesterone. Hormones and Behavior 1983, 17:18-27.
185. Glidewell-Kenney C., Hurley L.A., PfaffL., Weiss J., Levine J.E., Jameson J.L. Nonclassical estrogen receptor alpha signaling mediates negative feedback in the female mouse reproductive axis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:8173-8177.
186. Goldfoot D.A., Goy R.W. Abbreviation of behavioral estrus in guinea pigs by coital and vagino-cervical stimulation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1970, 72:426-434.
187. Gomora-Arrati P., Beyer C., Lima-Hernandez F.J., Gracia M.E., Etgen A.M., Gonzalez-Flores O. GnRH mediates estrous behavior induced by ring A reduced progestins and vaginocervical stimulation. Behavioural Brain Research 2008, 187:1-8.
188. Gonzalez-Flores O., Beyer C., Lima-Hernandez F.J., et al. Facilitation of estrous behavior by vaginal cervical stimulation in female rats involves alpha1-adrenergic receptor activation of the nitric oxide pathway. Behavioural Brain Research 2007, 176:237-243.
189. Gonzalez-Flores O., Camacho F.J., Dominguez-Salazar E., Ramirez-Orduna J.M., Beyer C., Paredes R.G. Progestins and place preference conditioning after paced mating. Hormones and Behavior 2004, 46:151-157.
190. Gonzalez-Flores O., Guerra-Araiza C., Cerbon M., Camacho-Arroyo I., Etgen A.M. The 26S proteasome participates in the sequential inhibition of estrous behavior induced by progesterone in rats. Endocrinology 2004, 145:2328-2336.
191. Gorospe W.C., Freeman M.E. The effects of various methods of cervical stimulation on continuation of prolactin surges in rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1981, 167:78-82.
192. Gorzalka B.B., Moe I.V. Adrenal role in proceptivity and receptivity induced by two modes of estradiol treatment. Physiology and Behavior 1994, 55:29-34.
193. Gould E., Woolley C.S., Frankfurt M., McEwen B.S. Gonadal steroids regulate dendritic spine density in hippocampal pyramidal cells in adulthood. Journal of Neurosciences 1990, 10(4):1286-1291.
194. Goy R.W., Phoenix C.H., Young W.C. Inhibitory action of the corpus luteum on the hormonal induction of estrous behavior in the guinea pig. General and Comparative Endocrinology 1966, 6:267-275.
195. Goy R.W., Young W.C. Strain differences in the behavioral responses of female guinea pigs to alpha-estradiol benzoate and progesterone. Behaviour 1957, 10:340-354.
196. Greco B., Allegretto E.A., Tetel M.J., Blaustein J.D. Coexpression of ER beta with ER alpha and progestin receptor proteins in the female rat forebrain: Effects of estradiol treatment. Endocrinology 2001, 142:5172-5181.
197. Greco B., Blasberg M.E., Kosinski E.C., Blaustein J.D. Response of ER alpha-IR and ER beta-IR cells in the forebrain of female rats to mating stimuli. Hormones and Behavior 2003, 43:444-453.
198. Green R., Luttge W.G., Whalen R.E. Induction of receptivity in ovariectomized female rats by a single intravenous injection of estradiol-17β. Physiology and Behavior 1970, 5:137-141.
199. Greengard P., Allen P.B., Nairn A.C. Beyond the dopamine receptor: The DARPP-32/Protein phosphatase-1 cascade. Neuron 1999, 23:435-447.
200. Grosvenor C.E., Shah G.V., Crowley W.R. Role of neurogenic stimuli and milk prolactin in the regulation of prolactin secretion during lactation. Mammalian Parenting: Biochemical Neurobiological, Behavioral Determinants 1990, 324-342. Oxford University Press, New York. N.A. Krasnegor, R.S. Bridges (Eds.).
201. Guarraci F.A., Megroz A.B., Clark A.S. Paced mating behavior in the female rat following lesions of three regions responsive to vaginocervical stimulation. Brain Research 2004, 999:40-52.
202. Guennoun R., Schumacher M., Robert F., et al. Neurosteroids: Expression of functional 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by rat sensory neurons and Schwann cells. European Journal of Neuroscience 1997, 9:2236-2247.
203. Guevara-Guzman R., Buzo E., Larrazolo A., delaRiva C., DaCosta A.P., Kendrick K.M. Vaginocervical stimulation-induced release of classical neurotransmitters and nitric oxide in the nucleus of the solitary tract varies as a function of the oestrus cycle. Brain Research 2001, 898:303-313.
204. Gunnet J.W., Freeman M.E. The mating-induced release of prolactin: A unique neuroendocrine response. Endocrine Reviews 1983, 4:44-61.
205. Hansen S., Sodersten P. Effects of subcutaneous implants of progesterone on the induction and duration of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats. Journal of Endocrinology 1978, 77:373-379.
206. Hansen S., Sodersten P. Reversal of progesterone inhibition of sexual behaviour in ovariectomized rats by high doses of progesterone. Journal of Endocrinology 1979, 80:381-388.
207. Hardy D.F., Debold J.F. Effects of mounts without intromission upon the behavior of female rats during the onset of estrogen-induced heat. Physiology and Behavior 1971, 7:643-645.
208. Hardy D.F., DeBold J. Effects of coital stimulation upon behavior of the female rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1972, 78:400-408.
209. Hardy D.F., Debold J.F. Effects of repeated testing on sexual behavior of the female rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1973, 85:195-202.
210. Haskins J.T., Moss R.L. Action of estrogen and mechanical vaginocervical stimulation on the membrane excitability of hypothalamic and midbrain neurons. Brain Research Bulletin 1983, 10:489-496.
211. Herdegen T., Kovary K., Leah J., Bravo R. Specific temporal and spatial distribution of JUN, FOS, and KROX-24 proteins in spinal neurons following noxious transsynaptic stimulation. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1991, 313:178-191.
212. 3H estradiol in catecholamine neurons of rat brain stem: Combined localization by autoradiography and formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1977, 176:607-630.
213. Heritage A.S., Stumpf W.E., Sar M., Grant L.D. Brainstem catecholamine neurons are target sites for sex steroid hormones. Science 1980, 207:1377-1379.
214. Holmes M.M., Rosen G.J., Jordan C.L., De Vries G.J., Goldman B.D., Forger N.G. Social control of brain morphology in a eusocial mammal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:10548-10552.
215. Hornby J.B., Rose J.D. Responses of caudal brain stem neurons to vaginal and somatosensory stimulation in the rat and evidence of genital-nociceptive interactions. Experimental Neurology 1976, 51:373-376.
216. Hunt S.P., Pini A., Evan G. Induction of c-fos-like protein in spinal cord neurons following sensory stimulation. Nature 1987, 328:632-634.
217. Jenkins W.J., Becker J.B. Female rats develop conditioned place preferences for sex at their preferred interval. Hormones and Behavior 2003, 43:503-507.
218. Johren O., Flugge G., Fuchs E. Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression in the tree shrew: Regulation by psychosocial conflict. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 1994, 14:281-296.
219. Jones K.J., Chikaraishi D.M., Harrington C.A., McEwen B.S., PfaffD.W. In situ hybridization of estradiol-induced changes in ribosomal RNA levels in rat brain. Molecular Brain Research 1986, 1:145-152.
220. Joslyn W.D., Feder H.H. Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of supplementary estradiol benzoate given to ovariectomized, estrogen-primed guinea pigs. Hormones and Behavior 1971, 2:307-314.
221. Joslyn W.D., Wallen K., Goy R.W. Cyclic changes in sexual response to exogenous progesterone in female guinea pigs. Physiology and Behavior 1971, 7:915-917.
222. Jung-Testas I., Hu Z.Y., Baulieu E.E., Robel P. Neurosteroids - biosynthesis of pregnenolone and progesterone in primary cultures of rat glial cells. Endocrinology 1989, 125:2083-2091.
223. Kastner P., Krust A., Turcotte B., Stropp U., Tora L., Gronemeyer H., Chambon P. Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B. EMBO Journal 1990, 9:1603-1614.
224. Kawakami M., Ibuki Y. Multiple unit activity in the brain correlated with induction and maintenance of pseudopregnancy in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1972, 9:2-11.
225. Kawakami M., Kubo K. Neurocorrelate of limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the rat: Change in limbic-hypothalamic unit activity induced by vaginal and electrical stimulation. Neuroendocrinology 1971, 7:65-88.
226. Kelly M.J., Wagner E.J. Estrogen modulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999, 10:369-374.
227. Kendrick K.M., Keverne E.B., Hinton M.R., Goode J.A. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin during parturition and vaginocervical stimulation in the sheep. Brain Research Bulletin 1991, 26:803-807.
228. Kendrick K.M., Levy F., Keverne E.B. Importance of vaginocervical stimulation for the formation of maternal bonding in primiparous and multiparous parturient ewes. Physiology and Behavior 1991, 50:595-600.
229. Kohlert J.G., Rowe R.K., Meisel R.L. Intromissive stimulation from the male increases extracellular dopamine release from fluoro-gold-identified neurons within the midbrain of female hamsters. Hormones and Behavior 1997, 32:143-154.
230. Kollar E.J. Reproduction in the female rat after pelvic nerve neurectomy. Anatomical Record 1953, 115:641-658.
231. Komisaruk B.R., Adler N.T., Hutchinson J. Genital sensory field: Enlargement by estrogen treatment in female rats. Science 1972, 178:1295-1298.
232. Komisaruk B.R., Bianca R., Sansone G., Gomez L.E., CuevaRolon R., Beyer C., Whipple B. Brain-mediated responses to vaginocervical stimulation in spinal cord-transected rats: Role of the vagus nerves. Brain Research 1996, 708:128-134.
233. Komisaruk B.R., Diakow C. Lordosis, reflex intensity in rats in relation to the estrous cycle, ovariectomy, estrogen administration and mating behavior. Endocrinology 1973, 93:548-557.
234. Komisaruk B.R., McDonald P.G., Whitmoyer D.I., Sawyer C.H. Effects of progesterone and sensory stimulation on EEG and neuronal activity in the rat. Experimental Neurology 1967, 19:494-507.
235. Komisaruk B.R., Wallman J. Antinociceptive effects of vaginal stimulation in rats: Neurophysiological and behavioral studies. Brain Research 1977, 137:85-107.
236. Kornberg E., Erskine M.S. Effects of differential mating stimulation on the onset of prolactin surges in pseudopregnant rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1994, 19(4):357-371.
237. Kornberg E., Lee J.W., Erskine M.S. Differential mating stimulation effects fos expression in brain and spinal cord of the female rat. Abstracts of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience 1994, 24:501.1.
238. Kow L.M., Easton A., PfaffD.W. Acute estrogen potentiates excitatory responses of neurons in rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. Brain Research 2005, 1043:124-131.
239. Kozorovitskiy Y., Hughes M., Lee K., Gould E. Fatherhood affects dendritic spines and vasopressin V1a receptors in the primate prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience 2006, 9:1094-1095.
240. Krege J.H., Hodgin J.B., Couse J.F., et al. Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998, 95:15677-15682.
241. Krieger M.S., Orr D., Perper T. Temporal patterning of sexual behavior in the female rat. Behavioral Biology 1976, 18:379-386.
242. Kudwa A.E., Bodo C., Gustafsson J.A., Rissman E.F. A previously uncharacterized role for estrogen receptor beta: Defeminization of male brain and behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005, 102:4608-4612.
243. Kubli-Garfias C., Whalen R.E. Induction of lordosis behavior in female rats by intravenous administration of progestins. Hormones and Behavior 1977, 9:380-386.
244. Kudwa A.E., Rissman E.F. Double oestrogen receptor alpha and beta knockout mice reveal differences in neural oestrogen-mediated progestin receptor induction and female sexual behaviour. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2003, 15:978-983.
245. LaPlante P., Diorio J., Meaney M.J. Serotonin regulates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression via a 5-HT7 receptor. Brain Research - Developmental Brain Research 2002, 139:199-203.
246. Laroche J., Gasbarro L., Blaustein J.D. Environmnental influences on female mouse sexual behavior. Hormones and Behavior 2005, 48:110. Abstract no. 142.
247. Larsson K., Feder H.H., Komisaruk B.R. Role of the adrenal glands, repeated matings and monoamines in lordosis behavior of rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 1974, 2:685-692.
248. Lauber A.H. Atropine sulfate modulates estrogen binding by female, but not male, rat hypothalamus. Brain Research Bulletin 1988, 20:273-276.
249. Lauber A.H. Bethanechol-induced increase in hypothalamic estrogen receptor binding in female rats is related to capacity for estrogen-dependent reproductive behavior. Brain Research 1988, 456:177-182.
250. Lauber A.H., Mobbs C.V., Muramatsu M., PfaffD.W. Estrogen receptor messenger RNA expression in rat hypothalamus as a function of genetic sex and estrogen dose. Endocrinology 1991, 129:3180-3186.
251. Lauber A.H., Whalen R.E. Muscarinic cholinergic modulation of hypothalamic estrogen binding sites. Brain Research 1988, 443:21-26.
252. Lawrence R.C., Laroche J., Blaustein J.D. Ligand-independent activation of progestin receptors, not neural progesterone synthesis, mediates mating-enhanced receptivity in female rats. Abstract Viewer/ITinerary Planner 2005, Society for Neurosience, Washington, DC, online. Program no. 320.13.
253. Lehmann M.L., Erskine M.S. Induction of pseudopregnancy using artificial VCS: Importance of lordosis intensity and prestimulus estrous cycle length. Hormones and Behavior 2004, 45:75-83.
254. Lehmann M.L., Erskine M.S. Glutamatergic stimulation of the medial amygdala induces steroid dependent c-fos expression within forebrain nuclei responsive to mating stimulation. Neuroscience 2005, 136:55-64.
255. Lehmann M.L., McKellar H., Erskine M.S. Coding for the initiation of pseudopregnancy by temporally patterned activation of amygdalar NMDA receptors. Journal of Neuroscience 2005, 25:8696-8703.
256. Lerant A., Herman M.E., Freeman M.E. Dopaminergic neurons of periventricular and arcuate nuclei of pseudopregnant rats: Semicircadian rhythm in fos-related antigens immunoreactivities and in dopamine concentration. Endocrinology 1996, 137:3621-3628.
257. Levin E.R. Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen. Molecular Endocrinology 2005, 19:1951-1959.
258. Lincoln D.W. Response of hypothalamic units to stimulation of the vaginal cervix: Specific versus non-specific effects. Journal of Endocrinology 1969, 43:683-684.
259. Linkie D.M., Niswender G.D. Serum levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone during pregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 1972, 90:632-637.
260. Liposits Z., Kallo I., Coen C.W., Paull W.K., Flerko B. Ultrastructural analysis of estrogen receptor immunoreactive neurons in the medial preoptic area of the female rat brain. Histochemistry 1990, 93:233-239.
261. Lodder J., Zeilmaker G.H. Role of pelvic nerves in the postcopulatory abbreviation of behavioral estrus in female rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1976, 90:925-929.
262. Lonard D.M., O'Malley B.W. Expanding functional diversity of the coactivators. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 2005, 30:126-132.
263. Lubahn D.B., Moyer J.S., Golding T.S., Couse J.F., Korach K.S., Smithies O. Alteration of reproductive function but not prenatal sexual development after insertional disruption of the mouse estrogen receptor gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993, 90(23):11162-11166.
264. Luque E.H., Castro-Vazquez A. Sensory mechanisms involved in the induction of pseudopregnancy by progesterone: Increased sensitivity to stimulation of the pudendal sensory field. Endocrinology 1983, 113:385-390.
265. Lydon J.P., DeMayo F.J., Funk C.R., et al. Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit pleiotropic reproductive abnormalities. Genes and Development 1995, 9:2266-2278.
266. Maccari S., Piazza P.V., Rougepont F., Angelucci L., Simon H., Lemoal M. Noradrenergic regulation of type-I and type-II corticosteroid receptors in amygdala and hypothalamus. Brain Research 1992, 587:313-318.
267. Madlafousek J., Hlinak Z. Sexual behavior in the female laboratory rat: Inventory, patterning and measurement. Animal Behaviour 1977, 63:129-174.
268. Malik K.F., Feder H.H., Morrell J.I. Estrogen receptor immunostaining in the preoptic area and medial basal hypothalamus of estradiol benzoate-treated and prazosin-treated female guinea-pigs. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1993, 5:297-306.
269. Mani S.K., Allen J.M.C., Clark J.H., Blaustein J.D., O'Malley B.W. Convergent pathways for steroid hormone- and neurotransmitter-induced rat sexual behavior. Science 1994, 265:1246-1249.
270. Mani S.K., Allen J.M.C., Lydon J.P., et al. Dopamine requires the unoccupied progesterone receptor to induce sexual behavior in mice. Molecular Endocrinology 1996, 10:1728-1737.
271. Mani S.K., Allen J.M.C., Rettori V., McCann S.M., O'Malley B.W., Clark J.H. Nitric oxide mediates sexual behavior in female rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994, 91:6468-6472.
272. Mani S.K., Blaustein J.D., Allen J.M., Law S.W., O'Malley B.W., Clark J.H. Inhibition of rat sexual behavior by antisense oligonucleotides to the progesterone receptor. Endocrinology 1994, 135:1409-1414.
273. Mani S.K., Blaustein J.D., O'Malley B.W. Progesterone receptor function from a behavioral perspective. Hormones and Behavior 1997, 31:244-255.
274. Mani S.K., Fienberg A.A., Ocallaghan J.P., et al. Requirement for DARPP-32 in progesterone-facilitated sexual receptivity in female rats and mice. Science 2000, 287:1053-1056.
275. Mani S.K., Reyna A.M., Chen J.Z., Mulac-Jericevic B., Conneely O.M. Differential response of progesterone receptor isoforms in hormone-dependent and-independent facilitation of female sexual receptivity. Molecular Endocrinology 2006, 20:1322-1332.
276. Martinez I., Paredes R.G. Only self-paced mating is rewarding in rats of both sexes. Hormones and Behavior 2001, 40:510-517.
277. Matuszewich L., Lorrain D.S., Hull E.M. Dopamine release in the medial preoptic area of female rats in response to hormonal manipulation and sexual activity. Behavioral Neuroscience 2000, 114:772-782.
278. McClintock M.K., Adler N.T. The role of the female during copulation in wild and domestic norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). Behaviour 1978, 67:67-96.
279. McClintock M.K., Anisko J.J. Group mating among Norway rats I. Sex differences in the pattern and neuroendocrine consequences of copulation. Animal Behaviour 1982, 30:398-409.
280. McClintock M.K., Anisko J.J., Adler N.T. Group mating among Norway rats. II. The social dynamics of copulation: Competition, cooperation, and mate choice. Animal Behaviour 1982, 30:410-425.
281. McClintock M.K., Toner J.P., Adler N.T., Anisko J.J. Postejaculatory quiescence in female and male rats: Consequences for sperm transport during group mating. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1982, 11:268-287.
282. McDevitt M.A., Glidewell-Kenney C., Weiss J., Chambon P., Jameson J.L., Levine J.E. Estrogen response element-independent estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha signaling does not rescue sexual behavior but restores normal testosterone secretion in male ERalpha knockout mice. Endocrinology 2007, 148:5288-5294.
283. McDonald P.G., Meyerson B.J. The effect of oestradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on sexual motivation in the ovariectomized female rat. Physiology and Behavior 1973, 11:515-520.
284. McGinnis M.Y., Lumia A.R., McEwen B.S. Increased estrogen receptor binding in amygdala correlates with facilitation of feminine sexual behavior induced by olfactory bulbectomy. Brain Research 1985, 334:19-25.
285. McGinnis M.Y., Parsons B., Rainbow T.C., Krey L.C., McEwen B.S. Temporal relationship between cell nuclear progestin receptor levels and sexual receptivity following intravenous progesterone administration. Brain Research 1981, 218:365-371.
286. McKee D.T., Poletini M.O., Bertram R., Freeman M.E. Oxytocin action at the lactotroph is required for prolactin surges in cervically stimulated ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 2007, 148:4649-4657.
287. Meaney M.J., Diorio J., Francis D., et al. Environmental regulation of the development of glucocorticoid receptor systems in the rat forebrain. The role of serotonin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1994, 746:260-273.
288. Meaney M.J., Diorio J., Francis D., et al. Early environmental regulation of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: Implications for adrenocortical responses to stress. Developmental Neuroscience 1996, 18:49-72.
289. Meerts S.H., Clark A.S. Stimulus animal characteristics do not modulate the expression of partner preference by female rats. Physiology and Behavior 2006, 89:623-626.
290. Meerts S.H., Clark A.S. Female rats exhibit a conditioned place preference for nonpaced mating. Hormones and Behavior 2007, 51:89-94.
291. Meisel R.L., Mullins A.J. Sexual experience in female rodents: Cellular mechanisms and functional consequences. Brain Research 2006, 1126:56-65.
292. Meredith J.M., Auger C.J., Blaustein J.D. Down-regulation of estrogen receptor immunoreactivity by 17 beta-estradiol in the guinea pig forebrain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1994, 6:639-648.
293. Meredith J.M., Moffatt C.A., Auger A.P., Snyder G.L., Greengard P., Blaustein J.D. Mating-related stimulation induces phosphorylation of dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 in progestin receptor-containing areas in the female rat brain. Journal of Neuroscience 1998, 18:10189-10195.
294. Mermelstein P.G., Becker J.B. Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the female rat during paced copulatory behavior. Behavioral Neuroscience 1995, 109:354-365.
295. Meyerson B. Latency between intravenous injection of progestins and the appearance of estrous behavior in estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats. Hormones and Behavior 1972, 3:1-9.
296. Meyerson B.J., Lindstrom L.H. Sexual motivation in the female rat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1973, 389(supplement):1-80.
297. Micevych P., Sinchak K., Mills R.H., Tao L., LaPolt P., Lu J.K.H. The luteinizing hormone surge is preceded by an estrogen-induced increase of hypothalamic progesterone in ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats. Neuroendocrinology 2003, 78:29-35.
298. Micevych P.E., Chaban V., Ogi J., Dewing P., Lu J.K., Sinchak K. Estradiol stimulates progesterone synthesis in hypothalamic astrocyte cultures. Endocrinology 2007, 148:782-789.
299. Micevych P.E., Sinchak K. The neurochemistry of limbic-hypothalamic circuits regulating sexual receptivity. Behavioral Neurochemistry, Neuroendocrinology and Molecular Neurobiology 2007, vol. 21:154-193. Springer, Berlin. J.D. Blaustein (Ed.).
300. Milner T.A., McEwen B.S., Hayashi S., Li C.J., Reagan L.P., Alves S.E. Ultrastructural evidence that hippocampal alpha estrogen receptors are located at extranuclear sites. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2001, 429:355-371.
301. Mitchell J.B., Betito K., Rowe W., Boksa P., Meaney M.J. Serotonergic regulation of type-II corticosteroid receptor binding in hippocampal cell cultures - evidence for the importance of serotonin-induced changes in cAMP levels. Neuroscience 1992, 48:631-639.
302. Moguilewsky M., Philibert D. RU 38486: Potent antiglucocorticoid activity correlated with strong binding to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor followed by an impaired activation. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1984, 20:271-276.
303. Moguilewsky M., Raynaud J.P. The relevance of hypothalamic and hypophyseal progestin receptor regulation in the induction and inhibition of sexual behavior in the female rat. Endocrinology 1979, 105:516-522.
304. Molenda H.A., Griffin A.L., Auger A.P., McCarthy M.M., Tetel M.J. Nuclear receptor coactivators modulate hormone-dependent gene expression in brain and female reproductive behavior in rats. Endocrinology 2002, 143:436-444.
305. Molenda-Figueira H.A., Williams C.A., Griffin A.L., Rutledge E.M., Blaustein J.D., Tetel M.J. Nuclear receptor coactivators function in estrogen receptor- and progestin receptor-dependent aspects of sexual behavior in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 2006, 50:383-392.
306. Montemayor M.E., Clark A.S., Lynn D.M., Roy E.J. Modulation by norepinephrine of neural responses to estradiol. Neuroendocrinology 1990, 52:473-480.
307. 2 facilitated lordosis behavior. Hormones and Behavior 1995, 29(4):571-580.
308. Moody K.M., Steinman J.L., Komisaruk B.R., Adler N.T. Pelvic neurectomy blocks oxytocin-facilitated sexual receptivity in rats. Physiology and Behavior 1994, 56:1057-1060.
309. Morgan J.I., Curran T. Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system-involvement of the inducible proto-oncogenes fos and jun. Annual Review of Neuroscience 1991, 14:421-451.
310. Morgan J.I., Curran T. Immediate-early genes: Ten years on. Trends in Neurosciences 1995, 18(2):66-67.
311. Morin L.P. Progesterone: Inhibition of rodent sexual behavior. Physiology and Behavior 1977, 18:701-715.
312. Morin L.P., Feder H.H. Multiple progesterone injections and the duration of estrus in ovariectomized guinea pigs. Physiology and Behavior 1973, 11:861-865.
313. Moss R.L., Cooper K.J. Temporal relationship of spontaneous and coitus-induced release of luteinizing hormone in the normal cyclic rat. Endocrinology 1973, 92:1748-1753.
314. Moss R.L., Dudley C.A., Schwartz N.B. Coitus-induced release of luteinizing hormone in the proestrous rat: Fantasy or fact?. Endocrinology 1977, 100:394-397.
315. Musatov S., Chen W., PfaffD.W., Kaplitt M.G., Ogawa S. RNAi-mediated silencing of estrogen receptor {alpha} in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus abolishes female sexual behaviors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:10456-10460.
316. Musatov S., Chen W., PfaffD.W., et al. Silencing of estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus leads to metabolic syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:2501-2506.
317. Nadler R.D. A biphasic influence of progesterone on sexual receptivity of spayed female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1970, 5:95-97.
318. Nawaz Z., Lonard D.M., Dennis A.P., Smith C.L., O'Malley B.W. Proteasome-dependent degradation of the human estrogen receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999, 96:1858-1862.
319. Negoro H., Visessuwan S., Holland R.C. Unit activity in the paraventricular nucleus of female rats at different stages of the reproductive cycle and after ovariectomy, with or without oestrogen treatment. Journal of Endocrinology 1973, 59:545-558.
320. Neill J.D. Prolactin secretion and its control. The Physiology of Reproduction 1988, 1379-1390. Raven, New York. E. Knobil, J.D. Neill (Eds.).
321. Nock B.L., Blaustein J.D., Feder H.H. Changes in noradrenergic transmission alter the concentration of cytoplasmic progestin receptors in hypothalamus. Brain Research 1981, 207:371-396.
322. Nock B., Feder H.H. α1-Noradrenergic regulation of hypothalamic progestin receptors and guinea pig lordosis behavior. Brain Research 1984, 310:77-85.
323. Northrop L.E., Erskine M.S. Selective oxytocin receptor activation in the ventrolateral portion of the ventromedial hypothalamus is required for mating-induced pseudopregnancy in the female rat. Endocrinology 2008, 149:836-842.
324. Northrop L.E., Shadrach J.L., Erskine M.S. Noradrenergic innervation of the ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in mating-induced pseudopregnancy in the female rat. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2006, 18:577-583.
325. O'Donnell D., Larocque S., Seckl J.R., Meaney M.J. Postnatal handling alters glucocorticoid, but not mineralocorticoid messenger RNA expression in the hippocampus of adult rats. Molecular Brain Research 1994, 26:242-248.
326. O'Hanlon J.K., Sachs B.D. Fertility of mating in rats (Rattus norvegicus): Contributions of androgen-dependent morphology and actions of the penis. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1986, 100:178-187.
327. Ogawa S., Chan J., Chester A.E., Gustafsson J.A., Korach K.S., PfaffD.W. Survival of reproductive behaviors in estrogen receptor beta gene-deficient (Beta ERKO) male and female mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999, 96:12887-12892.
328. Ogawa S., Eng V., Taylor J., Lubahn D.B., Korach K.S., PfaffD.W. Roles of estrogen receptor alpha gene expression in reproduction-related behaviors in female mice. Endocrinology 1998, 139:5070-5081.
329. Ogawa S., Olazabal U.E., Parhar I.S., PfaffD.W. Effects of intrahypothalamic administration of antisense DNA for progesterone receptor mRNA on reproductive behavior and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in female rat. Journal of Neuroscience 1994, 14:1766-1774.
330. Oldenburger W.P., Everitt B.J., De Jonge F.H. Conditioned place preference induced by sexual interaction in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 1992, 26:214-228.
331. Osterlund M., Kuiper G.G., Gustafsson J.A., Hurd Y.L. Differential distribution and regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha and-beta mRNA within the female rat brain. Molecular Brain Research 1998, 54:175-180.
332. Paredes R.G., Alonso A. Sexual behavior regulated (paced) by the female induces conditioned place preference. Behavioral Neuroscience 1997, 111:123-128.
333. Paredes R.G., Vazquez B. What do female rats like about sex? Paced mating. Behavioural Brain Research 1999, 105:117-127.
334. Parsons B., MacLusky N.J., Krey L., PfaffD.W., McEwen B.S. The temporal relationship between estrogen-inducible progestin receptors in the female rat brain and the time course of estrogen activation of mating behavior. Endocrinology 1980, 107:774-779.
335. Parsons B., MacLusky N.J., Krieger M.S., McEwen B., PfaffD.W. The effects of long-term estrogen exposure on the induction of sexual behavior and measurements of brain estrogen and progestin receptors in female the rat. Hormones and Behavior 1979, 13:301-313.
336. Parsons B., McEwen B.S. Sequential inhibition of sexual receptivity by progesterone is prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor and is not causally related to decreased levels of hypothalamic progestin receptors in the female rat. Journal of Neuroscience 1981, 1:527-531.
337. Parsons B., McEwen B.S., PfaffD.W. A discontinuous schedule of estradiol treatment is sufficient to activate progesterone-facilitated feminine sexual behavior and to increase cytosol receptors for progestins in the hypothalamus of the rat. Endocrinology 1982, 110:613-624.
338. Parsons B., McGinnis M.Y., McEwen B.S. Sequential inhibition by progesterone: Effects on sexual receptivity and associated changes in brain cytosol progestin binding in the female rat. Brain Research 1981, 221:149-160.
339. Patisaul H.B., Whitten P.L., Young L.J. Regulation of estrogen receptor beta mRNA in the brain: Opposite effects of 17 beta-estradiol and the phytoestrogen, coumestrol. Molecular Brain Research 1999, 67:165-171.
340. Peirce J.T., Nuttall R.L. Self-paced sexual behavior in the female rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1961, 54:310-313.
341. Peters J.A., Gala R.R. Induction of pseudopregnancy in the rat by electrochemical stimulation of the brain. Hormone Research 1975, vol. 6:36-46. Karger, Basel. J. Girard, M. Marois (Eds.).
342. PfaffD.W. Estrogens and Brain Function: Neural Analysis of a Hormone-Controlled Mammmalian Reproductive Behavior 1980, Springer, New York.
343. PfaffD., Lewis C., Diakow C., Keiner M. Neurophysiological analysis of mating behavior responses as hormone-sensitive reflexes. Progress in Physiological Psychology 1973, vol. 5:253-297. Academic Press, New York. E. Stellar, J.M. Sprague (Eds.).
344. Pfaus J.G., Kleopoulos S.P., Mobbs C.V., Gibbs R.B., PfaffD.W. Sexual stimulation activates c-fos within estrogen-concentrating regions of the female rat forebrain. Brain Research 1993, 624:253-267.
345. Pfaus J.G., Manitt C., Coopersmith C.B. Effects of pelvic, pudendal, or hypogastric nerve cuts on Fos induction in the rat brain following vaginocervical stimulation. Physiology and Behavior 2006, 89:627-636.
346. Pfaus J.G., Marcangione C., Smith W.J., Manitt C., Abillamaa H. Differential induction of Fos in the female rat brain following different amounts of vaginocervical stimulation: Modulation by steroid hormones. Brain Research 1996, 741:314-330.
347. Pfaus J.G., Smith W.J., Byrne N., Stephens G. Appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of female rats in bilevel chambers II. Patterns of estrus termination following vaginocervical stimulation. Hormones and Behavior 2000, 37:96-107.
348. Pfaus J.G., Smith W.J., Coopersmith C.B. Appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of female rats in bilevel chambers-I. A correlational and factor analysis and the effects of ovarian hormones. Hormones and Behavior 1999, 35:224-240.
349. Pfeifle J.K., Shivers M., Edwards D.A. Parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts and sexual receptivity in the female rat. Physiology and Behavior 1980, 24:145-150.
350. Pleim E.T., Cailliau P.J., Weinstein M.A., Etgen A.M., Barfield R.J. Facilitation of receptive behavior in estrogen-primed female rats by the anti-progestin, RU486. Hormones and Behavior 1990, 24:301-310.
351. Pollio G., Xue P., Zanisi M., Nicolin A., Maggi A. Antisense oligonucleotide blocks progesterone-induced lordosis behavior in ovariectomized rats. Molecular Brain Research 1993, 19:135-139.
352. Polston E.K., Centorino E.M., Erskine M.S. Diurnal fluctuations in mating-induced oxytocinergic activity within the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei do not influence prolactin secretion. Endocrinology 1998, 139:4849-4859.
353. Polston E.K., Erskine M.S. Patterns of induction of the immediate-early genes c-fos and egr-1 in the female rat brain following differential amounts of mating stimulation. Neuroendocrinology 1995, 62:370-384.
354. Polston E.K., Erskine M.S. Excitotoxic lesions of the medial amygdala differentially disrupt prolactin secretory responses in cycling and mated female rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2001, 13:13-21.
355. Polston E.K., Heitz M., Barnes W., Cardamone K., Erskine M.S. NMDA-mediated activation of the medial amygdala initiates a downstream neuroendocrine memory responsible for pseudopregnancy in the female rat. Journal of Neuroscience 2001, 21:4104-4110.
356. Powers J.B. Hormonal control of sexual receptivity during the estrous cycle of the rat. Physiology and Behavior 1970, 5:831-835.
357. Power R.F., Lydon J.P., Conneely O.M., O'Malley B.W. Dopamine activation of an orphan of the steroid receptor superfamily. Science 1991, 252:1546-1548.
358. Power R.F., Mani S.K., Codina J., Conneely O.M., O'Malley B.W. Dopaminergic and ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors. Science 1991, 254:1636-1639.
359. Powers J.B., Moreines J. Progesterone: Examination of its postulated inhibitory actions on lordosis during the rat estrous cycle. Physiology and Behavior 1976, 17:493-498.
360. Quysner A., Blaustein J.D. A dopamine antagonist blocks vaginocervical stimulation-induced neuronal responses in the rat forebrain. Brain Research 2001, 921:173-182.
361. Rainbow T.c., McGinnis M.y., Krey L.c., McEwen B.S. Nuclear progestin receptors in rat brain and pituitary. Neuroendocrinology 1982, 34:426-432.
362. Rajendren G., Dudley C.A., Moss R.L. Role of the vomeronasal organ in the male-induced enhancement of sexual receptivity in female rats. Neuroendocrinology 1990, 52:368-372.
363. Rajendren G., Dudley C.A., Moss R.L. Role of the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus in the male-induced enhancement of lordosis in female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1991, 50:705-710.
364. Rajendren G., Moss R.L. The role of the medial nucleus of amygdala in the mating-induced enhancement of lordosis in female rats - the interaction with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neuronal system. Brain Research 1993, 617:81-86.
365. Ramirez V.D., Komisaruk B.R., Whitmoyer D.I., Sawyer C.H. Effects of hormones and vaginal stimulation on the EEG and hypothalamic units in rats. American Journal of Physiology 1967, 212:1376-1384.
366. Ramos S.M., Debold J.F. Protein synthesis in the medial preoptic area is important for the mating-induced decrease in estrus duration in hamsters. Hormones and Behavior 1999, 35:177-185.
367. Razandi M., Pedram A., Greene G.L., Levin E.R. Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript. Studies of ER alpha and ER beta expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Molecular Endocrionology 1999, 13:307-319.
368. Reading D.S., Blaustein J.D. The relationship between heat abbreviation and neural progestin receptors in female rats. Physiology and Behavior 1984, 32:973-981.
369. Richmond G., Clemens L.G. Cholinergic mediation of feminine sexual receptivity: Demonstration of progesterone independence using a progestin receptor antagonist. Brain Research 1986, 373:159-163.
370. Rissman E.F., Early A.H., Taylor J.A., Korach K.S., Lubahn D.B. Estrogen receptors are essential for female sexual receptivity. Endocrinology 1997, 138:507-510.
371. Rodgers C.H. Influence of copulation on ovulation in the cycling rat. Endocrinology 1971, 88:433-436.
372. Rodriguez-Sierra J.F., Crowley W.R., Komisaruk B.R. Vaginal stimulation in rats induces prolonged lordosis responsiveness and sexual receptivity. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1975, 89:79-85.
373. Rodriguez-Sierra J.F., Crowley W.R., Komisaruk B.R. Induction of lordosis responsiveness by vaginal stimulation in rats is independent of anterior or posterior pituitary hormones. Hormones and Behavior 1977, 8:348-355.
374. Ronnekleiv O.K., Kelly M.J. Diversity of ovarian steroid signaling in the hypothalamus. Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology 2005, 26:65-84.
375. Rowe D.W., Erskine M.S. c-fos Proto-oncogene activity induced by mating in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and amygdala in the female rat - role of afferent input via the pelvic nerve. Brain Research 1993, 621:25-34.
376. Roy E.J., Lynn D.M., Clark A.S. Inhibition of sexual receptivity by anesthesia during estrogen priming. Brain Research 1985, 337:163-166.
377. Roy M.M., Goldstein K.L., Williams C. Estrus termination following copulation in female guinea pigs. Hormones and Behavior 1993, 27:397-402.
378. Rusak B., Robertson H.A., Wisden W., Hunt S.P. Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science 1990, 248:1237-1240.
379. Sachs B.D., Glater G.B., O'Hanlon J.K. Morphology of the erect glans penis in rats under various gonadal hormone conditions. Anatomical Record 1984, 210:45-52.
380. Sagar S.M., Sharp F.R., Curran T. Expression of c-fos protein in brain: Metabolic mapping at the cellular level. Science 1988, 240:1328-1330.
381. Sathya G., Jansen M.S., Nagel S.C., Cook C.E., McDonnell D.P. Identification and characterization of novel estrogen receptor-beta-sparing antiprogestins. Endocrinology 2002, 143:3071-3082.
382. Sawyer C.H., Kawakami M. Characteristics of behavioral and electroencephalographic after-reactions to copulation and viginal stimulation in the female rabbit. Endocrinology 1959, 65:622-630.
383. Schiess M.C., Joels M., Shinnick-Gallagher P. Estrogen priming affects active membrane properties of medial amygdala neurons. Brain Research 1988, 440:380-385.
384. Seckl J.R., Fink G. Use of in situ hybridization to investigate the regulation of hippocampal corticosteroid receptors by monoamines. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1991, 40:685-688.
385. Shivers B.D., Harlan R.E., Parker C.R., Moss R.L. Sequential inhibitory effect of progesterone on lordotic responsiveness in rats: Time course, estrogenic nullification, and actinomycin-D insensitivity. Biology of Reproduction 1980, 23:963-973.
386. Shughrue P.J., Bushnell C.D., Dorsa D.M. estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in female rat brain during the estrous cycle - a comparison with ovariectomized females and intact males. Endocrinology 1992, 131(1):381-388.
387. Simerly R.B., Young B.J. Regulation of estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in rat hypothalamus by sex steroid hormones. Molecular Endocrinology 1991, 5:424-432.
388. Sinchak K., Mills R.H., Tao L., LaPolt P., Lu J.K., Micevych P. Estrogen induces de novo progesterone synthesis in astrocytes. Developmental Neuroscience 2003, 25:343-348.
389. Sirinathsinghji D.J.S., Audsley A.R. Endogenous opioid peptides participate in the modulation of prolactin release in response to cervicovaginal stimulation in the female rat. Endocrinology 1985, 117:549-556.
390. Slimp J.C. Reduction of genital sensory input and sexual behavior of female guinea pigs. Physiology and Behavior 1977, 18:1027-1031.
391. Smanik E.J., Young H.K., Muldoon T.G., Mahesh V.B. Analysis of the effect of progesterone in vivo on estrogen receptor distribution in the rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1983, 113:15-22.
392. Smith M.S., McLean B.K., Neill J.D. Prolactin: The initial luteotropic stimulus of pseudopregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 1976, 98:1370-1377.
393. Smith M.S., Neill J.D. A critical period for cervically stimulated prolactin release. Endocrinology 1976, 98:324-328.
394. Sodersten P., Eneroth P. Evidence that progesterone does not inhibit the induction of sexual receptivity by oestradiol-17β in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology 1981, 89:63-69.
395. Sodersten P., Eneroth P., Hansen S. Induction of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats by pulse administration of oestradiol-17β. Journal of Endocrinology 1981, 89:55-62.
396. Sodersten P., Hansen S. Effects of oestradiol and progesterone on the induction and duration of sexual receptivity in cyclic female rats. Journal of Endocrinology 1977, 74:477-485.
397. Sodersten P., Hansen S. Induction of sexual receptivity by oestradiol benzoate in cyclic female rats: Influence of ovarian secretions before injection of oestradiol benzoate. Journal of Endocrinology 1979, 80:389-395.
398. Soma K.K., Sinchak K., Lakhter A., Schlinger B.A., Micevych P.E. Neurosteroids and female reproduction: Estrogen increases 3beta-HSD mRNA and activity in rat hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2005, 146:4386-4390.
399. Spies H.G., Niswender G.D. Levels of prolactin, LH and FSH in the serum of intact and pelvic-neurectomized rats. Endocrinology 1971, 88:937-943.
400. Stevis P.E., Deecher D.C., Suhadolnik L., Mallis L.M., Frail D.E. Differential effects of estradiol and estradiol-BSA conjugates. Endocrinology 1999, 140:5455-5458.
401. Suzuki S., Handa R.J. Regulation of estrogen receptor-beta expression in the female rat hypothalamus: Differential effects of dexamethasone and estradiol. Endocrinology 2004, 145:3658-3670.
402. Szyf M., Weaver I.C., Champagne F.A., Diorio J., Meaney M.J. Maternal programming of steroid receptor expression and phenotype through DNA methylation in the rat. Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology 2005, 26:139-162.
403. Takahashi M., Ford J.J., Yoshinaga K., Greep R.O. Effects of cervical stimulation and anti-LH releasing hormone serum on LH releasing hormone content in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1975, 96:453-457.
404. Taleisnik S., Caligaris L., Astrada J.J. Effect of copulation on the release of pituitary gonadotropins in male and female rats. Endocrinology 1966, 79:49-54.
405. Taylor G.T., Komitowski D., Weiss J. Light and scanning electron microscopic study of testosterone-restored penile papillae in castrated rats. Anatomical Record 1983, 205:277-286.
406. Temple J.L., Wray S. Bovine serum albumin-estrogen compounds differentially alter gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 neuronal activity. Endocrinology 2005, 146:558-563.
407. Tennent B.J., Smith E.R., Davidson J.M. The effects of estrogen and progesterone on female rat proceptive behavior. Hormones and Behavior 1980, 14:65-75.
408. Terkel J. Neuroendocrine processes in the establishment of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1988, 13:5-28.
409. Terkel J., Sawyer C.H. Male copulatory behavior triggers nightly prolactin surges resulting in successful pregnancy in rats. Hormones and Behavior 1978, 11:304-309.
410. Tetel M.J., Blaustein J.D. Immunocytochemical evidence for noradrenergic regulation of estrogen receptor concentrations in the guinea pig hypothalamus. Brain Research 1991, 565:321-329.
411. Tetel M.J., Celentano D.C., Blaustein J.D. Intraneuronal convergence of tactile and hormonal stimuli associated with female reproduction in rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1994, 6:211-216.
412. Tetel M.J., Getzinger M.J., Blaustein J.D. Fos expression in the rat brain following vaginal-cervical stimulation by mating and manual probing. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1993, 5:397-404.
413. Thompson M.A., Woolley D.E., Gietzen D.W., Conway S. Catecholamine synthesis inhibitors acutely modulate [3H]estradiol binding by specific brain areas and pituitary in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 1983, 113:855-865.
414. Thompson M.L., Edwards D.A. Experiential and strain determinants of the estrogen-progesterone induction of sexual receptivity in spayed female mice. Hormones and Behavior 1971, 2:299-305.
415. Thornton J.E., Nock B., McEwen B.S., Feder H.H. Noradrenergic modulation of hypothalamic progestin receptors in female guinea pigs is specific to the ventromedial nucleus. Brain Research 1986, 377:155-159.
416. Tobet S.A., Baum M.J. Implantation of dihydrotestosterone propionate into the lateral septum inhibits sexual receptivity in estrogen-primed, ovariectomized rats. Neuroendocrinology 1982, 34:333-338.
417. Tomihara K., Makino J. An active part of female mice in sexual interaction. Shinrigaku Kenkyu 1991, 62:294-300.
418. VanderSchoot P., Vanophemert J., Baumgarten R. Copulatory stimuli in rats induce heat abbreviation through effects on genitalia but not through effects on central nervous mechanisms supporting the steroid hormone-induced sexual responsiveness. Behavioural Brain Research 1992, 49:213-223.
419. Vasudevan N., PfaffD.W. Non-genomic actions of estrogens and their interaction with genomic actions in the brain. Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology 2008, 29:238-257.
420. Vathy I., Etgen A.M. Hormonal activation of female sexual behavior is accompanied by hypothalamic norepinephrine release. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1989, 1:383-388.
421. Vegeto E., Allan G.F., Schrader W.T., Tsai M.J., McDonnell D.P., O'Malley B.W. The mechanism of RU 486 antagonism is dependent on the conformation of the carboxy-terminal tail of the human progesterone receptor. Cell 1992, 69:703-713.
422. Villamar-Cruz O., Manjarrez-Marmolejo J., Alvarado R., Camacho-Arroyo I. Regulation of the content of progesterone and estrogen receptors, and their cofactors SRC-1 and SMRT by the 26S proteasome in the rat brain during the estrous cycle. Brain Research Bulletin 2006, 69:276-281.
423. Vincent P.A., Etgen A.M. Steroid priming promotes oxytocin-induced norepinephrine release in the ventromedial hypothalamus of female rats. Brain Research 1993, 620:189-194.
424. Wade G.N., Blaustein J.D., Gray J.M., Meredith J.M. ICI-182,780-a pure antiestrogen that affects behaviors and energy balance in rats without acting in the brain. American Journal of Physiology 1993, 265:R1392-R1398.
425. Wade C.B., Robinson S., Shapiro R.A., Dorsa D.M. Estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and ERbeta exhibit unique pharmacologic properties when coupled to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Endocrinology 2001, 142:2336-2342.
426. Wagner C.K., Silverman A.J., Morrell J.I. Evidence for estrogen receptor in cell nuclei and axon terminals within the lateral habenula of the rat: Regulation during pregnancy. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1998, 392:330-342.
427. Watson C.S., Gametchu B. Membrane-initiated steroid actions and the proteins that mediate them. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1999, 220:9-19.
428. Wersinger S.R., Baum M.J., Erskine M.S. Mating-induced FOS-like immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain - a sex comparison and a dimorphic effect of pelvic nerve transection. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1993, 5:557-568.
429. Whalen R.E. Estrogen-progesterone induction of mating in female rats. Hormones and Behavior 1974, 5:157-162.
430. Whalen R.E., Lauber A.H. Progesterone substitutes: cGMP mediation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1986, 10:47-53.
431. White N.R., Barfield R.J. Playback of female rat ultrasonic vocalizations during sexual behavior. Physiology and Behavior 1989, 45:229-233.
432. Wilcox J.N., Barclay S.R., Feder H.H. Administration of estradiol-17B in pulses to guinea pigs: Self-priming effects of estrogen on brain tissues mediating lordosis. Physiology and Behavior 1984, 32:483-488.
433. Wilson J.R., Adler N., Le Boeuf B. The effects of intromission frequency on successful pregnancy in the female rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1965, 53:1392-1395.
434. Woolley C.S., Gould E., Frankfurt M., McEwen B.S. Naturally occurring fluctuation in dendritic spine density on adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 1990, 10(12):4035-4039.
435. Woolley C.S., McEwen B.S. Estradiol mediates fluctuation in hippocampal synapse density during the estrous cycle in the adult rat. Journal of Neuroscience 1992, 12(7):2549-2554.
436. Woolley D.E., Hope W.G., Gietzen D.W., Thompson M.T., Conway S.B. Bromocriptine increases 3H-estradiol uptake in brain and pituitary of female, but not of male, gonadectomized adrenalectomized rats. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society 1982, 25:437-441.
437. Wuttke W., Meites J. Induction of pseudopregnancy in the rat with no rise in serum prolactin. Endocrinology 1972, 90:438-443.
438. Yang J.J., Oberlander J.G., Erskine M.S. Expression of FOS, EGR-1, and ARC in the amygdala and hippocampus of female rats during formation of the intromission mnemonic of pseudopregnancy. Developmental Neurobiology 2007, 67:895-908.
439. Yang L.Y., Clemens L.G. MPOA lesions affect female pacing of copulation in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 2000, 114:1191-1202.
440. Yang S.P., Voogt J.L. Mating-activated brainstem catecholaminergic neurons in the female rat. Brain Research 2001, 894:159-166.
441. Young W.C. Psychobiology of sexual behavior in the guinea pig. Advances in the Study of Behavior 1969, 1-110. Academic Press, New York. D.S. Lehrman, R.A. Hinde, E. Shaw (Eds.).
442. Zemlan F.P., Adler N.T. Hormonal control of female sexual behavior in the rat. Hormones and Behavior 1977, 9:345-357.
443. Zipse L.R., Brandling-Bennett E.M., Clark A.S. Paced mating behavior in the naturally cycling and the hormone-treated female rat. Physiology and Behavior 2000, 70:205-209.
444. Zou A., Marschke K.B., Arnold K.E., Berger E.M., Fitzgerald P., Mais D.E., Allegretto E.A. Estrogen receptor beta activates the human retinoic acid receptor alpha-1 promoter in response to tamoxifen and other estrogen receptor antagonists, but not in response to estrogen. Molecular Endocrinology 1999, 13:418-430.
445. Zucker I. Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of progesterone on sexual responses of spayed guinea pigs. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1966, 3:376-381.
446. Zucker I. Actions of progesterone in the control of sexual receptivity of the spayed female rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1967, 63:313-316.
447. Zucker I. Biphasic effects of progesterone on sexual receptivity in the female guinea pig. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1968, 63:472-478.