Membrane-initiated steroid actions and the proteins that mediate them

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine

Volumn 220, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 9-19

  Watson, Cheryl S ^a   Gametchu, Bahiru ^b  

^a University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HORMONE ANTAGONIST; PROTEIN; STEROID;

APOPTOSIS; CELL MEMBRANE; GENOME; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE BINDING; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN BINDING; SHORT SURVEY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR GROWTH;

EID: 0032951143     PISSN: 00379727     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-2.x     Document Type: Short Survey

References (176)

1. Clark JH, Watson C, Upchurch S, McCormack S, Padykula H, Markaverich B, Hardin JW. Estrogen action in normal and abnormal cell growth. In: McLachlan JA, Ed. Estrogens in the Environment. Amsterdam: Elsevier North Holland, Inc., p53, 1980.
2. Evans RM. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 240:889-895, 1988.
3. Mangelsdorf DJ, Thummel C, Beato M. Herrlich P, Schutz G, Umesono K, Blumberg B, Kastner P, Mark M, Chambon P, Evans RM. The nuclear receptor superfamily: The second decade. Cell 83:835-839, 1995.
4. Szego CM, Davis JS. Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in rat uterus: Acute elevation by estrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 58(4):1711-1718, 1967.
5. Pietras RJ, Szego CM. Specific binding sites for oestrogen at the outer surfaces of isolated endometrial cells. Nature 265:69-72, 1977.
6. Szego CM. Parallels in the modes of action of peptide and steroid hormones: Membrane effects and cellular entry. In: Kearns KW, Ed. Structure and Function of the Gonadotropins. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., p431, 1978.
7. Szego CM. Cytostructural correlates of hormone action: New common ground in receptor-mediated signal propagation for steroid and peptide agonists. Endocrine 2:1079-1093, 1994.
8. Kuiper GG, Carlsson B, Grandien K, Enmark E, Haggblad J, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA. Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors α and β. Endocrinology 138:863-870, 1997.
9. Grandien K, Berkenstam A, Gustafsson JA. The estrogen receptor gene: Promoter organization and expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 29:1343-1369, 1997.
10. Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM. Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature 318:635-641, 1985.
11. Gearing KL, Cairns W, Okret S, Gustafsson J-A. Heterogeneity in the 5′ untranslated region of the rat glucocorticoid receptor mRNA. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 46:635-639, 1993.
12. Strähle U, Schmidt A, Kelsey G, Stewart AF, Cole TJ, Schmid W, Schütz G. At least three promoters direct expression of the mouse glucocorticoid receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6731-6735, 1992.
13. Gametchu B, Chen F, Watson CS. Intracellular and plasma membrane-resident glucocorticoid receptors in rodent leukemia models. In: Gametchu B, Ed. Glucocorticoid Receptor Structure and Leukemic Cell Responses. Austin: R. G. Landes Co., p75, 1995.
14. Chen F, Watson CS, Gametchu B. The role of transcript variant 1A in the expression of a plasma membrane glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrine Society Meeting. 1998. (Abstract)
15. Chen F, Watson CS, Gametchu B. Cloning of a full-length glucocorticoid receptor transcript 1A (associated with the presence of membrane glucocorticoid receptor) and characterization of its promoter/ enhancer sequence. 6th International Congress on Cell Biology, San Francisco 1996. (Abstract)
16. Kuiper GGJM, Enmark E, Peltohuikko M, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA. Cloning of a novel estrogen receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:5925-5930, 1996.
17. Thomas ML, Xu X, Norfleet AM, Watson CS. The presence of functional estrogen receptors in intestinal epithelial cells. Endocrinology 132:426-430, 1993.
18. Brubaker KD, Gay CV. Specific binding of estrogen to osteoclast surfaces. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200(2):899-907, 1994.
19. Morey AK, Pedram A, Razandi M, Prins BA, Hu RM, Biesiada E, Levin ER. Estrogen and progesterone inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Endocrinology 138:3330-3339, 1997.
20. Evans RM, Arriza JL. A molecular framework for the actions of glucocorticoid hormones in the nervous system. Neuron 2:1105-1112, 1989.
21. Pappas TC, Gametchu B, Yannariello-Brown J, Collins TJ, Watson CS. Membrane estrogen receptors in GH3/B6 cells are associated with rapid estrogen-induced release of prolactin. Endocrine 2:813-822, 1994.
22. 3/B6 cells have an enhanced nongenomic response to estrogen. Endocrine 3:743-749, 1995.
23. 2+ and acrosome reactions in human sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 3:457-465, 1993.
24. Bonaccorsi L, Krausz C, Pecchioli P, Forti G, Baldi E. Progesterone-stimulated intracellular calcium increase in human spermatozoa is protein kinase C-independent. Molecular Human Reproduction 4:259-268, 1998.
25. Alexander NJ, Kim HK, Blye RR, Blackmore PF. Steroid specificity of the human sperm membrane progesterone receptor. Steroids 61:116-125, 1996.
26. Tesarik J, Mendoza C, Moos J, Fenichel P, Fehlmann M. Progesterone action through aggregation of a receptor on the sperm plasma membrane. FEBS Lett 308:116-120, 1992.
27. Nigg EA. Cyclin-dependent protein kinases: Key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Bioessays 17:471-480, 1995.
28. Thibier C, Desmedt V, Poulhe R, Huchon D, Jessus C, Ozon R. In vivo regulation of cytostatic activity in Xenopus metaphase II-arrested oocytes. Dev Biol 185:55-66, 1997.
29. Didomenico M, Castoria G, Bilancio A, Migliaccio A, Auricchio F. Estradiol activation of human colon carcinoma-derived caco-2 cell growth. Cancer Res 56:4516-4521, 1996.
30. Migliaccio A, Didomenico M, Castoria G, Defalco A, Bontempo P, Nola E, Auricchio F. Tyrosine kinase/p21(ras)/MAP-kinase pathway activation by estradiol-receptor complex in MCF-7 cells. EMBO J 15:1292-1300, 1996.
31. Hua S-Y, Chen Y-Z. Membrane receptor-mediated electiophysiological effects of glucocorticoid on mammalian neurons. Endocrinology 124:687-691, 1989.
32. Chen YZ, Hua SY, Wang CA, Wu LG, Gu Q, Xing BR. An electrophysiological study on the membrane receptor-mediated action of glucocorticoids in mammalian neurons. Neuroendocrinology 53(Suppl 1):25-30, 1991.
33. Joels M, De Kloet EF. Effects of glucocorticoids and norepinephrine on the excitability in the hippocampus. Science 245:1502-1505, 1989.
34. Kerr DS, Campbell LW, Hao S-Y, Landfield PW. Corticosteroid modulation of hippocampal potentials: Increased effect with aging. Science 245:1505-1509, 1989.
35. + and its underlying mechanism in PC12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 244:403-407, 1998.
36. Dluzen DE, Ramirez VD. Progesterone effects upon dopamine release from the corpus striatum of female rats. II. Evidence for a membrane site of action and the role of albumin. Brain Res 476:338-344, 1989.
37. Dluzen DE, Ramirez VD. Progesterone effects upon dopamine release from the corpus striatum of female rats I. Evidence for interneuronal control. Brain Res 467:332-337, 1989.
38. Ke F-C, Ramirez VD. Membrane mechanism mediates progesterone stimulatory effect on LHRH release from superfused rat hypothalami in vitro. Neuroendocrinology 45:514-517, 1987.
39. Joëls M, De Kloet ER. Mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated changes in membrane properties of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:4495-1498, 1990.
40. Dufy B, Partouche C, Poulain D, Dufy-Barbe L, Vincent JD. Effects of estrogen on the electrical activity of identified and unidentified hypothalamic units. Neuroendocrinology 22:38-17, 1976.
41. Kelly MJ, Moss RL, Dudley CA. The effects of microelectrophoretically applied estrogen, cortisol and acetylcholine on medial preopticseptal unit activity throughout the estrous cycle of the female rat. Exp Brain Res 30:53-64, 1977.
42. Kelly MJ, Moss RL, Dudley CA, Fawcett CP. The specificity of the response of preoptic-septal area neurons to estrogen: 17α-estradiol versus 17β-estradiol and the response of extrahypothalamic neurons. Exp Brain Res 30:43-52, 1977.
43. Lagrange AH, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Modulation of G protein-coupled receptors by an estrogen receptor that activates protein kinase A. Mol Pharmacol 51:605-612, 1997.
44. Zhou Y, Watters JJ, Dorsa DM. Estrogen rapidly induces the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein in rat brain. Endocrinology 137:2163-2166, 1996.
45. Nabekura J, Oomura Y, Minami T, Mizuno Y, Fukuda A. Mechanism of the rapid effect of 17β-estradiol on medial amygdala neurons. Science 233:226-228, 1986.
46. Smith SS, Woodward DJ, Chapin JK. Sex steroids modulate motor-correlated increases in cerebellar discharge. Brain Res 476:307-316, 1989.
47. Wong M, Moss RL. Long-term and short-term electrophysiological effects of estrogen on the synaptic properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons. J Neurosci 12:3217-3225, 1992.
48. Frye CA, Van KK, Rao PN, Erskine MS. Progesterone and 3 α-androstanediol conjugated to bovine serum albumin affects estrous behavior when applied to the MBH and POA. Behav Neurosci 110:603-612, 1996.
49. Frye CA, Gardiner SG. Progestins can have a membrane-mediated action in rat midbrain for facilitation of sexual receptivity. Horm Behav 30:682-691, 1996.
50. Orchinik M, Murray TF, Moore FL. A corticosteroid receptor in neuronal membranes. Science 252:1848-1851, 1991.
51. Orchinik M, Murray TF, Franklin PH, Moore FL. Guanyl nucleotides modulate binding to steroid receptors in neuronal membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3830-3834, 1992.
52. Santillan GE, Boland RL. Studies suggesting the participation of protein kinase A in 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D-3-dependent protein phosphorylation in cardiac muscle. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30:225-233, 1998.
53. Wehling M, Bauer MM, Ulsenheimer A, Schneider M, Neylon CB, Christ M. Nongenomic effects of aldosterone on intracellular pH in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 223:181-186, 1996.
54. Christ M, Meyer C, Sippel K, Wehling M. Rapid aldosterone signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells: Involvement of phospholipase C, diacylglycerol and protein kinase C a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 213:123-129, 1995.
55. 2+ in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 76:973-979, 1995.
56. Christ M, Douwes K, Eisen C, Bechtner G, Theisen KX, Wehling M. Rapid effects of aldosterone on sodium transport in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 25:117-123, 1995.
57. Wehling M, Ulsenheimer A, Schneider M, Neylon C, Christ M. Rapid effects of aldosterone on free intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells: Subcellular localization of calcium elevations by single cell imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 204:475-481, 1994.
58. Berman M, Gewirtz H. Acute effects of 17-β-estradiol on the coronary microcirculation: Observations in sedated, closed-chest domestic swine. Coron Artery Dis 8:351-361, 1997.
59. Kitazawa T, Hamada E, Kitazawa K, Gaznabi AKM. Nongenomic mechanism of 17-β-oestradiol-induced inhibition of contraction in mammalian vascular smooth muscle. J Physiol 499:497-511, 1997.
60. 2+ channels in smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 12:613-619, 1998.
61. Leonard JL, Farwell AP. Thyroid hormone-regulated actin polymerization in brain. Thyroid 7:147-151, 1997.
62. Luconi M, Krausz C, Barni T, Vannelli GB, Forti G, Baldi E. Progesterone stimulates p42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p42 (erk)) in human spermatozoa. Molecular Human Reproduction 4:251-258, 1998.
63. Szego CM. Estrogen action: Reorganization of cellular architecture in signal propagation. In: Hochberg SB, Naftolin F, Eds. The New Biology of Steroid Hormones. New York: Raven Press, p275, 1991.
64. de Boland AR, Nemere I. Rapid actions of vitamin D compounds. J Cell Biochem 49:32-36, 1992.
65. Feldman JM, Hilf R. Effect of estradiol-17 β on glucose and proline uptake in plasma membrane vesicles from the R3230AC rat mammary carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta 845:265-271, 1985.
66. Tsai LW, Sapolsky RM. Rapid stimulatory effects of testosterone upon myotubule metabolism and sugar transport, as assessed by silicon microphysiometry. Aggressive Behavior 22:357-364, 1996.
67. Lackner C, Daufeldt S, Wildt L, Allera A. Glucocorticoid-recognizing and -effector sites in rat liver plasma membrane, kinetics of corticosterone uptake by isolated membrane vesicles. III. Specificity and stereospecificity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 64:69-82, 1998.
68. Inoue M, Kuriyama H. Glucocorticoids inhibit acetylcholine-induced current in chromaffin cells. Am J Physiol 363:C906-C912, 1989.
69. Bouzat C, Barrantes FJ. Modulation of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by the glucocorticoid hydrocortisone: Possible allosteric mechanism of channel blockade. J Biol Chem 271:25835-25841, 1996.
70. Wu FS, Yu HM, Tsai JJ. Mechanism underlying potentiation by progesterone of the kainate-induced current in cultured neurons. Brain Res 779:354-358, 1998.
71. A receptor. Eur J Pharmacol Mol Pharmacol 189:307-315, 1990.
72. Peluso JJ, Pappalardo A. Progesterone mediates its antimitogenic and antiapoptotic actions in rat granulosa cells through a progesterone-binding protein with γ-aminobutyric acid (A) receptor-like features. Biol Reprod 58:1131-1137, 1998.
73. - channel complex in the progesterone-initiated acrosome reaction. Devel Biol 159:679-690, 1993.
74. A receptor on the response to a neurosteroid. Eur J Pharmacol Mol Pharmacol 225:321-330, 1992.
75. A receptor. Mechanism of action and physiological significance. Prog Neurobiol 38:379-395, 1992.
76. Machelon V, Nome F, Grosse B, Lieberherr M. Progesterone triggers rapid transmembrane calcium influx and/or calcium mobilization from endoplasmic reticulum, via a pertussis-insensitive G-protein in granulosa cells in relation to luteinization process. J Cell Biochem 61:619-628, 1996.
77. Baulieu E-E, Godeau F, Schorderet M, Schorderet-Slatkine S. Steroid-induced meiotic division in Xenopus laevis oocytes: Surface and calcium. Nature 275:593-598, 1978.
78. 2+ release in the tyrosine phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in extracts of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Zygote 4:21-30, 1996.
79. Kostellow AB, Morrill GA. Calcium dependence of steroid and guanine 3′,5′-monophosphate induction of germinal vesicle breakdown in Rana pipiens oocytes. Endocrinology 106:1012-1019, 1980.
80. Luconi M, Bonaccorsi L, Maggi N, Pecchioli P, Krausz C, Forti G, Baldi E. Identification and characterization of functional nongenomic progesterone receptors on human sperm membrane. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:877-885, 1998.
81. Takeuchi K, Guggino SE. 24R,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 inhibits 1α,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and testosterone potentiation of calcium channels in osteosarcoma cells. J Biol Chem 271:33335-33343, 1996.
82. Machelon V, Nome F, Tesarik J. Nongenomic effects of androstenedione on human granulosa luteinizing cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:263-269, 1998.
83. Dufy B, Vincent J-D, Fleury H, Pasquier PD, Gourdji D, Vidal AT. Membrane effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen shown by intracellular recording from pituitary cells. Science 204:509-511, 1979.
84. 2+ in pituitary cells due to action potentials. Nature 329:719-721, 1987.
85. Sartor P, Vacher P, Mollard P, Dufy B. Tamoxifen reduces calcium currents in a clonal pituitary cell line. Endocrinology 123:534-540, 1988.
86. Pietras RJ, Szego CM. Endometrial cell calcium and estrogen action. Nature 253:357-360, 1975.
87. Lieberherr M, Grosse B, Kachkache M, Balsan S. Cell signaling and estrogen in female rat osteoblasts: A possible involvement of unconventional nonnuclear receptors. J Bone Miner Res 8:1365-1376, 1993.
88. Massas R, Korenstein R, Benayahu D. Estrogen modulation of osteoblastic cell-to-cell communication. J Cell Biochem 69:282-290, 1998.
89. Fiorelli G, Gori F, Frediani U, Franceschelli F, Tanini A, Tostiguerra C, Benvenuti S, Gennari L, Becherini L, Brandi ML. Membrane binding sites and nongenomic effects of estrogen in cultured human pre-osteoclastic cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 59:233-240, 1996.
90. 2+ influx via nongenomic surface receptors in activated T cells. FEBS Lett 407:211-214, 1997.
91. 2+ influx-dependent nongenomic pathways. J Nutr 125:16993-1703S, 1995.
92. Sabeur K, Edwards DP, Meizel S. Human sperm plasma membrane progesterone receptor(s) and the acrosome reaction. Biol Reprod 54:993-1001, 1996.
93. 2+ influx in Lncap human prostate cancer cells. Eur J Endocrinol 135:367-373, 1996.
94. 2+-independent branch of the hepatic α(1)-adrenoreceptor signaling pathway. Biochem J 331:89-97, 1998.
95. Chandra J, Gilbreath J, Freireich EJ, Kliche KO, Andreeff M, Keating M, McConkey DJ. Protease activation is required for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes. Blood 90:3673-3681, 1997.
96. Tesarik J, Mendoza C. Nongenomic effects of 17-β-estradiol on maturing human oocytes: Relationship to oocyte developmental potential. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:1438-1443, 1995.
97. +-ATPase during the first meiotic division in amphibian oocytes. J Membr Biol 69:41-48, 1982.
98. + transport in A6 cells is mediated via glucocorticoid receptors. Am J Physiol 264:C875-C884, 1993.
99. Eisen C, Meyer C, Christ M, Theisen K, Wehling M. Novel membrane receptors for aldosterone in human lymphocytes: A 50-kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. Cell Mol Biol 40:351-358, 1994.
100. Wehling M, Eisen C, Aktas J, Christ M, Theisen K. Photoaffinity labeling of plasma membrane receptors for aldosterone from human mononuclear leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189:1424-1428, 1992.
101. Gekle M, Silbernagl S, Oberleithner H. The mineralocorticoid aldosterone activates a proton conductance in cultured kidney cells. Am J Physiol 42:C1673-C1678, 1997.
102. Christ M, Eisen C, Aktas J, Theisen K, Wehling M. The inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate system is involved in rapid effects of aldosterone in human mononuclear leukocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1452-1457, 1993.
103. Zanello LP, Norman AW. Stimulation by 1-α,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D-3 of whole cell chloride currents in osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells: A structure-function study. J Biol Chem 272:22617-22622, 1997.
104. Turner KO, Meizel S. Progesterone-mediated efflux of cytosolic chloride during the human sperm acrosome reaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 213:774-780, 1995.
105. Sabeur K, Meizel S. Importance of bicarbonate to the progesterone-initiated human sperm acrosome reaction [published erratum appears in J Androl 16:416, 1995]. J Androl 16:266-271, 1995.
106. Aronica SM, Kraus WL, Katzenellenbogen BS. Estrogen action via the cAMP signaling pathway: Stimulation of adenylate cyclase and cAMP-regulated gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:8517-8521, 1994.
107. Iwasaki Y, Aoki Y, Katahira M, Oiso Y, Saito H. Nongenomic mechanisms of glucocorticoid inhibition of adrenocorticotropin secretion: Possible involvement of GTP-binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 235:295-299, 1997.
108. Nakhla AM, Khan MS, Romas NP, Rosner W. Estradiol causes the rapid accumulation of cAMP in human prostate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5402-5405, 1994.
109. Barsony J, Marx SJ. Rapid accumulation of cyclic GMP near activated vitamin D receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:1436-1440, 1991.
110. Barsony J, McKoy W. Molybdate increases intracellular 3′,5′-guanosine cyclic monophosphate and stabilizes vitamin D receptor association with tubulin-containing filaments. J Biol Chem 267:24457-24465, 1992.
111. McKoy W, Barsony J, Brown TR, Marx SJ. Androgen-induced rapid rise of cGMP is receptor mediated. J Cell Biol 111:345a, 1990 [Abstract].
112. Cork RJ, Taylor M, Varnold RL, Smith LD, Robinson KR. Microinjected GTP-γ-S inhibits progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes. Dev Biol 141:447-450, 1990.
113. Bandyopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay J, Choi HH, Choi HS, Kwon HB. Plasma membrane mediated action of progesterone in amphibian (Rana dybowskii) oocyte maturation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 109:293-301, 1998.
114. Wali RK, Bolt MJG, Tien X-Y, Brasitus TA, Sitrin MD. Differential effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on phosphoinositide turnover in the antipodal plasma membrane of colonic epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187:1128-1134, 1992.
115. Ignar-Trowbridge DE, Hughes AR, Putney JW, McLachlan JA, Korach KS. Diethylstilbestrol stimulates persistent phosphatidylinositol lipid turnover by an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism in immature mouse uterus. Endocrinology 129:2423-2430, 1991.
116. Kostellow AB, Ma GY, Morrill GA. Progesterone triggers the raid activation of phospholipase D in the amphibian oocyte plasma membrane when initiating the G2/M transition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1304:263-271, 1996.
117. Helm S, Sylvia VL, Harmon T, Dean DD, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. 24,25-(OH)2D3 regulates protein kinase C through two distinct phospholipid-dependent mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 169:509-521, 1996.
118. Lin HY, Thacorf HR, Davis FB, Davis PJ. Potentiation by thyroxine of interferon-γ-induced antiviral state requires PKA and PKC activities. Am J Physiol 271:C1256-C1261, 1996.
119. Meyer C, Christ M, Wehling M. Characterization and solubilization of novel aldosterone-binding proteins in porcine liver microsomes. Eur J Biochem 229:736-740, 1995.
120. Hayashi T, Yamada K, Esaki T, Kuzuya M, Satake S, Ishikawa T, Hidaka H, Iguchi A. Estrogen increases endothelial nitric oxide by a receptor-mediated system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 214:847-855, 1995.
121. Mendoza C, Soler A, Tesarik J. Nongenomic steroid action: Independent targeting of a plasma membrane calcium channel and a tyrosine kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 210:518-523, 1995.
122. Varnold RL, Smith LD. Protein kinase C and progesterone-induced maturation in Xenopus oocytes. Development 109:597-604, 1990.
123. Marcinkowska E, Wiedlocha A, Radzikowski C. 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D-3 induced activation and subsequent nuclear translocation of MAPK is upstream regulated by PKC in HL-60 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 241:419-426, 1997.
124. Schmitz JP, Schwartz Z, Sylvia VL, Dean DD, Calderon F, Boyan BD. Vitamin D3 regulation of stromelysin-1 (MP-3) in chondrocyte cultures is mediated by protein kinase C. J Cell Physiol 168:570-579, 1996.
125. Gniadecki R. Activation of Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in normal human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 106:1212-1217, 1996.
126. Migliaccio A, Piccolo D, Castoria G, Didomenico M, Bilancio A, Lombardi, Gong WR, Beato M, Auricchio F. Activation of the src/ p21(ras)/erk pathway by progesterone receptor via cross-talk with estrogen receptor. EMBO J 17:2008-2018, 1998.
127. Endoh H, Sasaki H, Maruyama K, Takeyama K, Waga I, Shimizu T, Kato S, Kawashima H. Rapid activation of MAP by estrogen in the bone cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 235:99-102, 1997.
128. Watters JJ, Campbell JS, Cunningham MJ, Krebs EG, Dorsa DM. Rapid membrane effects of steroids in neuroblastoma cells: Effects of estrogen on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade and c-fos immediate early gene transcription. Endocrinology 138:4030-4033, 1997.
129. Rokos CL, Ledwith BJ. Preoxisome proliferators activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases in immortalized mouse liver cells. J Biol Chem 272:13452-13457, 1997.
130. Sherr CJ. Cancer cell cycles. Science 274:1672-1677, 1996.
131. Auricchio F, Migliaccio A, Castoria G, Di Domenico MXBA, Rotondi A. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and estradiol action. Ann NY Acad Sci 784:149-172, 1996.
132. Migliaccio A, Pagano M, Auricchio F. Immediate and transient stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by estradiol in MCF-7 cells. Oncogene 8:2183-2191, 1993.
133. O'Malley BW, Schrader WT, Mani S, Smith C, Weigel NL, Conneely OM, Clark JH. An alternative ligand-independent pathway for activation of steroid receptors. Recent Prog Horm Res 50:333-347, 1995.
134. 1A receptors in hippocampal membranes from ovariectomized rats: Functional and binding studies. Brain Res 518:287-291, 1990.
135. Roy EJ, Buyer DR, Licari VA. Estradiol in the striatum: Effects on behavior and dopamine receptors but no evidence for membrane steroid receptors. Brain Res Bull 25:221-227, 1990.
136. Godeau JF, Schorderet-Slatkine S, Hubert P, Baulieu E-E. Induction of maturation in Xenopus leavis oocytes by a steroid linked to a polymer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2353-2357, 1978.
137. Blandeau J-P, Baulieu E-E. Progesterone receptor characterized by photoaffinity labeling in the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biochem J 219:785-792, 1984.
138. Zhou LX, Nemere I, Norman AW. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 analog structure-function assessment of the rapid stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption (transcaltachia). J Bone Miner Res 7:457-463, 1992.
139. Nemere I, Dormanen MC, Hammond MW, Okamura WH, Norman AW. Identification of a specific binding protein for 1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in basal-lateral membranes of chick intestinal epithelium and relationship to transcaltachia. J Biol Chem 269:23750-23756, 1994.
140. Kato A, Bishop JE, Norman AW. Evidence for a 1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor/binding protein in a membrane fraction isolated from a chick tibial fracture-healing callus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 244:724-727, 1998.
141. Thomas P, Breckenridge-Miller D, Detweiler C. Binding characteristics and regulation of the 17,20β21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20ß-S) receptor on testicular and sperm plasma membranes of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). Fish Physiol Biochem 17:109-116, 1997.
142. Thomas P, Das S. Correlation between binding affinities of c21 steroids for the maturation-inducing steroid membrane receptor in spotted seatrout ovaries and their agonist and antagonist activities in an oocyte maturation bioassay. Biol Reprod 57:999-1007, 1997.
143. Wu J, Gorenstein DG. Structure and dynamics of cytochrome C in nonaqeuous solvents by 2D NH-exchange NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 115:6843-6850, 1993.
144. Sadler SE, Bower MA, Maller JL. Studies of a plasma membrane steroid receptor in Xenopus oocytes using the synthetic progestin RU 486. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 22:419-426, 1985.
145. Ambhaikar M, Puri C. Cell surface binding sites for progesterone on human spermatozoa. Molecular Human Reproduction 4:413-421, 1998.
146. Oh ST, Yedidag E, Bielefeldt K. Differential effects of progesterone and its analogues on the contractility of the murine jeunum in vitro. J Surg Res 75:1-5, 1998.
147. Pourreau-Schneider N, Berthois Y, Gandilhon P, Cau P, Martin PM, Passerel M. Early alterations at the plasma membrane of breast cancer cell lines in response to estradiol and hydroxytamoxifen. Mol Cell Endocrinol 48:77-88, 1986.
148. Zheng JB, Ramirez VD. Demonstration of membrane estrogen binding proteins in rat brain by ligand blotting using a 17-β-estradiol-[I-125]bovine serum albumin conjugate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 62:327-336, 1997.
149. Ferrag F, Goffin V, Buteau H, Kelly PA. Immune function of prolactin (PRL) and signal transduction by PRL/GH/cytokine receptors: Specificity, redundancy, and lessons from chimaeras. Cytokines, Cellular and Molecular Therapy 3:197-213, 1997.
150. Sotiropoulos A, Perrot-Applanat M, Dinerstein H, Pallier A, Postel-Vinay MC, Finidori J, Kelly PA. Distinct cytoplasmic regions of the growth hormone receptor are required for activation of JAK2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transcription. Endocrinology 135:1292-1298, 1994.
151. Pappas TC, Gametchu B, Watson CS. Membrane estrogen receptors identified by multiple antibody and impeded ligand labeling. FASEB J 9:404-410, 1995.
152. Watson CS, Pappas TC, Gametchu B. The other estrogen receptor in the plasma membrane: Implications for the actions of environmental estrogens. Environ Health Perspect 103:41-50, 1995.
153. 125I-bovine serum albumin as a ligand. J Neurochem 54:467-472, 1990.
154. Berthois Y, Pourreau-Schneider N, Gandilhon P, Mittre H, Tubiana N, Martin PM. Estradiol membrane binding sites on human breast cancer cell lines. Use of a fluorescent estradiol conjugate to demonstrate plasma membrane binding systems. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 25:963-972, 1986.
155. Gametchu B, Watson CS. Plasma membrane-associated glucocorticoid hormone receptor in human leukemic patients: Clinical implications. In: Gametchu B, Ed. Glucocorticoid Receptor Structure and Leukemic Cell Responses. Austin: R. G. Landes Company, p163, 1995.
156. Gametchu B. Glucocorticoid receptor-like antigen in lymphoma cell membranes: Correlation to cell lysis. Science 236:456-461, 1987.
157. Gametchu B, Watson CS, Pasko D. Size and steroid binding characterization of a membrane-associated glucocorticoid receptor in S-49 lymphoma cells. Steroids 56:402-410, 1991.
158. Nenci I, Fabris G, Marchetti E, Marzola A. Cytochemical evidence for steroid binding sites in the plasma membrane of target cells. In: Bresciani F, Ed. Perspectives in Steroid Receptor Research. New York: Raven Press, p61, 1980.
159. Nenci I, Marchetti E, Marzola A, Fabris G. Affinity cytochemistry visualizes specific estrogen binding sites on the plasma membrane of breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 14:1139-1146, 1981.
160. Gametchu B, Watson C, Shih C, Dashew B. Studies on the arrangement of glucocorticoid receptors in the plasma membrane of S-49 lymphoma cells. Steroids 56:411-419, 1991.
161. Gametchu B, Watson CS, Wu S. Use of receptor antibodies to demonstrate membrane glucocorticoid receptor in cells from human leukemic patients. FASEB J 7:1283-1293, 1993.
162. Gametchu B, Watson CS, Shih CY. An S49 cell line containing a smaller size glucocorticoid receptor is depleted of membraneassociated receptor and deficient in the lymphocytolytic response. Endocrine 2:429-437, 1994.
163. Sackey FNA, Watson CS, Gametchu B. Cell cycle regulation of membrane glucocorticoid receptor in CCRF-CEM human ALL cells: Correlation to apoptosis. Am J Physiol 36:E571-E583, 1997.
164. Rossmanith WG, Wolfahrt S, Ecker A, Eberhardt E. The demonstration of progesterone, but not of estrogen, receptors in the developing human placenta. Horm Metab Res 29:604-610, 1997.
165. Blaustein JD, Lehman MN, Turcotte JC, Greene G. Estrogen receptors in dendrites and axon terminals in the guinea pig hypothalamus. Endocrinology 131:281-290, 1992.
166. Meyer C, Schmid R, Scriba PC, Wehling M. Purification and partial sequencing of high-affinity progesterone-binding site(s) from porcine liver membranes. Eur J Biochem 239:726-731, 1995.
167. Falkenstein E, Meyer C, Eisen C, Scriba PC, Wehling M. Full-length cDNA sequence of a progesterone membrane-binding protein from porcine vascular smooth
168. Sonnenschein C, Soto AM, Michaelson CL. Human serum albumin shares the properties of estrocolyone-I, the inhibitor of the proliferation of estrogen-target cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 59:147-154, 1996.
169. Bordin S, Petra PH. Immunocytochemical localization of the sex steroid-binding protein of plasma in tissues of the adult monkey Macaca nemestrina. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5678-5682, 1980.
170. Siiteri PK, Murai JT, Hammond GL, Nisker JA, Raymoure WJ, Kuhn RW. The serum transport of steroid hormones. Recent Prog Horm Res 38:457-510, 1982.
171. Nakhla AM, Romas NA, Rosner W. Estradiol activates the prostate androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen secretion through the intermediacy of sex hormone-binding globulin. J Biol Chem 272:6838-6841, 1997.
172. Kushner PJ, Hort E, Shine J, Baxter JD, Greene GL. Construction of cell lines that express high levels of the human estrogen receptor and are killed by estrogens. Mol Endocrinol 4:1465-1473, 1990.
173. Van Houten N, Blake SF, Li EJ, Hallam TA, Chilton DG, Gourley WK, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Thompson EB. Elevated expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes: Resistance to apoptosis by glucocorticoids and irradiation. Int Immunol 9:945-953, 1997.
174. Kelce WR, Wilson EM. Environmental antiandrogens: Developmental effects, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications. J Mol Med 75:198-207, 1997.
175. Danzo BJ. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105:294-301, 1997.
176. McLachlan JA. Functional toxicology: A new approach to detect biologically active xenobiotics. Environ Health Perspect 101:386-387, 1993.