메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 1216-1223

Diagnosis and management of clostridium difficile infection

Author keywords

Antibiotic associated Diarrhea; Clostridium difficile Infection; Fidaxomicin; Metronidazole; Microbiome; Oral Vancomycin

Indexed keywords

ANTITOXIN; BACTERIAL VACCINE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A ANTIBODY; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN B ANTIBODY; FIDAXOMICIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; METRONIDAZOLE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NITAZOXANIDE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; RAMOPLANIN; RIFAXIMIN; SUROTOMYCIN; TIGECYCLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84884350794     PISSN: 15423565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.03.016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0013932131 scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcal enterocolitis-treatment with oral vancomycin
    • Khan M.Y., Hall W.H. Staphylococcal enterocolitis-treatment with oral vancomycin. Ann Intern Med 1966, 65:1-8.
    • (1966) Ann Intern Med , vol.65 , pp. 1-8
    • Khan, M.Y.1    Hall, W.H.2
  • 2
    • 0016389899 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic features of clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis
    • Tedesco F.J., Stanley R.J., Alpers D.H. Diagnostic features of clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis. N Engl J Med 1974, 290:841-843.
    • (1974) N Engl J Med , vol.290 , pp. 841-843
    • Tedesco, F.J.1    Stanley, R.J.2    Alpers, D.H.3
  • 3
    • 0017801430 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing Clostridia
    • Bartlett J.G., Chang T.W., Gurwith M., et al. Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing Clostridia. N Engl J Med 1978, 298:531-534.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.298 , pp. 531-534
    • Bartlett, J.G.1    Chang, T.W.2    Gurwith, M.3
  • 4
    • 84855422347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: a population-based study
    • Khanna S., Pardi D.S., Aronson S.L., et al. The epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:89-95.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 89-95
    • Khanna, S.1    Pardi, D.S.2    Aronson, S.L.3
  • 5
    • 79952458766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in disease outcomes related to Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Ananthakrishnan A.N., McGinley E.L., Saeian K., et al. Temporal trends in disease outcomes related to Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011, 17:976-983.
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 976-983
    • Ananthakrishnan, A.N.1    McGinley, E.L.2    Saeian, K.3
  • 6
    • 84866724584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeat stool testing for Clostridium difficile using enzyme immunoassay in patients with inflammatory bowel disease increases diagnostic yield
    • Deshpande A., Pasupuleti V., Patel P., et al. Repeat stool testing for Clostridium difficile using enzyme immunoassay in patients with inflammatory bowel disease increases diagnostic yield. Curr Med Res Opin 2012, 28:1553-1560.
    • (2012) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.28 , pp. 1553-1560
    • Deshpande, A.1    Pasupuleti, V.2    Patel, P.3
  • 7
    • 0028057679 scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile colonization and diarrhea at a tertiary care hospital
    • Samore M.H., DeGirolami P.C., Tlucko A., et al. Clostridium difficile colonization and diarrhea at a tertiary care hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 18:181-187.
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis , vol.18 , pp. 181-187
    • Samore, M.H.1    DeGirolami, P.C.2    Tlucko, A.3
  • 8
    • 0024545882 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection
    • McFarland L.V., Mulligan M.E., Kwok R.Y., et al. Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:204-210.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 204-210
    • McFarland, L.V.1    Mulligan, M.E.2    Kwok, R.Y.3
  • 9
    • 77951026738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA)
    • Cohen S.H., Gerding D.N., Johnson S., et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010, 31:431-455.
    • (2010) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.31 , pp. 431-455
    • Cohen, S.H.1    Gerding, D.N.2    Johnson, S.3
  • 10
    • 77952929599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the C. Diff Quik Chek Complete Assay, a new glutamate dehydrogenase and A/B toxin combination lateral flow assay for use in rapid, simple diagnosis of Clostridium difficile disease
    • Sharp S.E., Ruden L.O., Pohl J.C., et al. Evaluation of the C. Diff Quik Chek Complete Assay, a new glutamate dehydrogenase and A/B toxin combination lateral flow assay for use in rapid, simple diagnosis of Clostridium difficile disease. J Clin Microbiol 2010, 48:2082-2086.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 2082-2086
    • Sharp, S.E.1    Ruden, L.O.2    Pohl, J.C.3
  • 11
    • 80052444456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction in detection of Clostridium difficile in the stool samples of patients with suspected Clostridium difficile infection: a meta-analysis
    • Deshpande A., Pasupuleti V., Rolston D.D., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction in detection of Clostridium difficile in the stool samples of patients with suspected Clostridium difficile infection: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 53:e81-e90.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53
    • Deshpande, A.1    Pasupuleti, V.2    Rolston, D.D.3
  • 12
    • 84871216196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the type of diagnostic assay on Clostridium difficile infection and complication rates in a mandatory reporting program
    • Longtin Y., Trottier S., Brochu G., et al. Impact of the type of diagnostic assay on Clostridium difficile infection and complication rates in a mandatory reporting program. Clin Infect Dis 2013, 56:67-73.
    • (2013) Clin Infect Dis , vol.56 , pp. 67-73
    • Longtin, Y.1    Trottier, S.2    Brochu, G.3
  • 13
    • 0034500017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile toxin and faecal lactoferrin assays in adult patients
    • Vaishnavi C., Bhasin D., Kochhar R., et al. Clostridium difficile toxin and faecal lactoferrin assays in adult patients. Microbes Infect 2000, 2:1827-1830.
    • (2000) Microbes Infect , vol.2 , pp. 1827-1830
    • Vaishnavi, C.1    Bhasin, D.2    Kochhar, R.3
  • 14
    • 79960557102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeat stool testing to diagnose Clostridium difficile infection using enzyme immunoassay does not increase diagnostic yield
    • Deshpande A., Pasupuleti V., Patel P., et al. Repeat stool testing to diagnose Clostridium difficile infection using enzyme immunoassay does not increase diagnostic yield. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 9:665-669.
    • (2011) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.9 , pp. 665-669
    • Deshpande, A.1    Pasupuleti, V.2    Patel, P.3
  • 15
    • 70349918114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile over the course of 10 years in a tertiary care hospital
    • Belmares J., Johnson S., Parada J.P., et al. Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile over the course of 10 years in a tertiary care hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:1141-1147.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Belmares, J.1    Johnson, S.2    Parada, J.P.3
  • 16
    • 0025686283 scopus 로고
    • Pseudomembranous colitis: how useful is endoscopy?
    • Bergstein J.M., Kramer A., Wittman D.H., et al. Pseudomembranous colitis: how useful is endoscopy?. Surg Endosc 1990, 4:217-219.
    • (1990) Surg Endosc , vol.4 , pp. 217-219
    • Bergstein, J.M.1    Kramer, A.2    Wittman, D.H.3
  • 17
    • 0036192008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications
    • Dallal R.M., Harbrecht B.G., Boujoukas A.J., et al. Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications. Ann Surg 2002, 235:363-372.
    • (2002) Ann Surg , vol.235 , pp. 363-372
    • Dallal, R.M.1    Harbrecht, B.G.2    Boujoukas, A.J.3
  • 18
    • 67651097471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of complicated Clostridium difficile infection by pleural effusion and increased wall thickness on computed tomography
    • Valiquette L., Pépin J., Do X.V., et al. Prediction of complicated Clostridium difficile infection by pleural effusion and increased wall thickness on computed tomography. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:554-560.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 554-560
    • Valiquette, L.1    Pépin, J.2    Do, X.V.3
  • 19
    • 84866356015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: determinants for severe disease
    • Wenisch J.M., Schmid D., Kuo H.W., et al. Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: determinants for severe disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012, 31:1923-1930.
    • (2012) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1923-1930
    • Wenisch, J.M.1    Schmid, D.2    Kuo, H.W.3
  • 20
    • 77955655862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiota-stimulated immune mechanisms to maintain gut homeostasis
    • Chung H., Kasper D.L. Microbiota-stimulated immune mechanisms to maintain gut homeostasis. Curr Opin Immunol 2010, 22:455-460.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 455-460
    • Chung, H.1    Kasper, D.L.2
  • 21
    • 45449098444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human gut microbiota and bifidobacteria: from composition to functionality
    • Turroni F., Ribbera A., Foroni E., et al. Human gut microbiota and bifidobacteria: from composition to functionality. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2008, 94:35-50.
    • (2008) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek , vol.94 , pp. 35-50
    • Turroni, F.1    Ribbera, A.2    Foroni, E.3
  • 22
    • 84864574912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of continued antibacterial therapy after diagnosis of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection: implications for antimicrobial stewardship
    • Harpe S.E., Inocencio T.J., Pakyz A.L., et al. Characterization of continued antibacterial therapy after diagnosis of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection: implications for antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacotherapy 2012, 32:744-754.
    • (2012) Pharmacotherapy , vol.32 , pp. 744-754
    • Harpe, S.E.1    Inocencio, T.J.2    Pakyz, A.L.3
  • 23
    • 84871661864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and Clostridium difficile infection: is there a relationship with inflammatory bowel disease?
    • Bien J., Palagani V., Bozko P. The intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and Clostridium difficile infection: is there a relationship with inflammatory bowel disease?. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 2013, 6:53-68.
    • (2013) Ther Adv Gastroenterol , vol.6 , pp. 53-68
    • Bien, J.1    Palagani, V.2    Bozko, P.3
  • 24
    • 83355176617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in human fecal microbiota due to chemotherapy analyzed by TaqMan-PCR, 454 sequencing and PCR-DGGE fingerprinting
    • Zwielehner J., Lassl C., Hippe B., et al. Changes in human fecal microbiota due to chemotherapy analyzed by TaqMan-PCR, 454 sequencing and PCR-DGGE fingerprinting. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e28654.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Zwielehner, J.1    Lassl, C.2    Hippe, B.3
  • 25
    • 0027175513 scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy: a review
    • Anand A., Glatt A.E. Clostridium difficile infection associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy: a review. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 17:109-113.
    • (1993) Clin Infect Dis , vol.17 , pp. 109-113
    • Anand, A.1    Glatt, A.E.2
  • 26
    • 0034881051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current clinical and laboratory strategies to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple myeloma
    • Gorschlüter M., Ziske C., Glasmacher A., et al. Current clinical and laboratory strategies to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2001, 7:2195-2204.
    • (2001) Clin Cancer Res , vol.7 , pp. 2195-2204
    • Gorschlüter, M.1    Ziske, C.2    Glasmacher, A.3
  • 27
    • 84867465834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection rates in persons with cancer or hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a C3IC network report
    • Kamboj M., Son C., Cantu S., et al. Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection rates in persons with cancer or hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a C3IC network report. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012, 33:1162-1165.
    • (2012) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 1162-1165
    • Kamboj, M.1    Son, C.2    Cantu, S.3
  • 28
    • 84873594416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease during stem cell transplantation
    • Trifilio S.M., Pi J., Mehta J. Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease during stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013, 19:405-409.
    • (2013) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant , vol.19 , pp. 405-409
    • Trifilio, S.M.1    Pi, J.2    Mehta, J.3
  • 29
    • 84871217673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity: are alterations to intestinal tight junctions pivotal?
    • Wardill H.R., Bowen J.M., Gibson R.J. Chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity: are alterations to intestinal tight junctions pivotal?. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012, 70:627-635.
    • (2012) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.70 , pp. 627-635
    • Wardill, H.R.1    Bowen, J.M.2    Gibson, R.J.3
  • 30
    • 84858076739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection is associated with worse long term outcome in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Navaneethan U., Mukewar S., Venkatesh P.G., et al. Clostridium difficile infection is associated with worse long term outcome in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2012, 6:330-336.
    • (2012) J Crohns Colitis , vol.6 , pp. 330-336
    • Navaneethan, U.1    Mukewar, S.2    Venkatesh, P.G.3
  • 31
    • 0028314734 scopus 로고
    • Gastric mucosal toxicity of duodenal juice constituents in the rat. Acute studies using ex vivo rat gastric chamber model
    • Armstrong D., Rytina E.R., Murphy G.M., et al. Gastric mucosal toxicity of duodenal juice constituents in the rat. Acute studies using ex vivo rat gastric chamber model. Dig Dis Sci 1994, 39:327-339.
    • (1994) Dig Dis Sci , vol.39 , pp. 327-339
    • Armstrong, D.1    Rytina, E.R.2    Murphy, G.M.3
  • 32
    • 1542399542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) at neutral pH activates NF-kappaB and induces IL-8 expression in oesophageal cells in vitro
    • Jenkins G.J., Harries K., Doak S.H., et al. The bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) at neutral pH activates NF-kappaB and induces IL-8 expression in oesophageal cells in vitro. Carcinogenesis 2004, 25:317-323.
    • (2004) Carcinogenesis , vol.25 , pp. 317-323
    • Jenkins, G.J.1    Harries, K.2    Doak, S.H.3
  • 33
    • 80053596796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inducing dysbiosis
    • 1314-1322.e1-5
    • Wallace J.L., Syer S., Denou E., et al. Proton pump inhibitors exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inducing dysbiosis. Gastroenterology 2011, 141. 1314-1322.e1-5.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141
    • Wallace, J.L.1    Syer, S.2    Denou, E.3
  • 34
    • 81355160270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection
    • Bavishi C., DuPont H.L. Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011, 34:1269-1281.
    • (2011) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.34 , pp. 1269-1281
    • Bavishi, C.1    DuPont, H.L.2
  • 35
    • 84857189040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and Clostridium difficile infection in a meta-analysis
    • Deshpande A., Pant C., Pasupuleti V., et al. Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and Clostridium difficile infection in a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012, 10:225-233.
    • (2012) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , pp. 225-233
    • Deshpande, A.1    Pant, C.2    Pasupuleti, V.3
  • 36
    • 18644372651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rifaximin to prevent travelers' diarrhea
    • DuPont H.L., Jiang Z.D., Okhuysen P.C., et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rifaximin to prevent travelers' diarrhea. Ann Intern Med 2005, 142:805-812.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.142 , pp. 805-812
    • DuPont, H.L.1    Jiang, Z.D.2    Okhuysen, P.C.3
  • 37
    • 59749103290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OPT-80 eliminates Clostridium difficile and is sparing of Bacteroides species during treatment of C. difficile infection
    • Louie T.J., Emery J., Krulicki W., et al. OPT-80 eliminates Clostridium difficile and is sparing of Bacteroides species during treatment of C. difficile infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:261-263.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 261-263
    • Louie, T.J.1    Emery, J.2    Krulicki, W.3
  • 38
    • 0034628426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A
    • Kyne L., Warny M., Qamar A., et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:390-397.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 390-397
    • Kyne, L.1    Warny, M.2    Qamar, A.3
  • 39
    • 0035915688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea
    • Kyne L., Warny M., Qamar A., et al. Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Lancet 2001, 357:189-193.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 189-193
    • Kyne, L.1    Warny, M.2    Qamar, A.3
  • 40
    • 34547191617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of interleukin-8 polymorphism and immunoglobulin G anti-toxin A in patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
    • Jiang Z.D., Garey K.W., Price M., et al. Association of interleukin-8 polymorphism and immunoglobulin G anti-toxin A in patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 5:964-968.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 964-968
    • Jiang, Z.D.1    Garey, K.W.2    Price, M.3
  • 41
    • 78649835299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common polymorphism in the interleukin-8 gene promoter is associated with an increased risk for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
    • Garey K.W., Jiang Z.D., Ghantoji S., et al. A common polymorphism in the interleukin-8 gene promoter is associated with an increased risk for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 51:1406-1410.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 1406-1410
    • Garey, K.W.1    Jiang, Z.D.2    Ghantoji, S.3
  • 42
    • 34249687093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between IgG2 and IgG3 subclass responses to toxin A and recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated disease
    • Katchar K., Taylor C.P., Tummala S., et al. Association between IgG2 and IgG3 subclass responses to toxin A and recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 5:707-713.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 707-713
    • Katchar, K.1    Taylor, C.P.2    Tummala, S.3
  • 43
    • 80051957059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin as therapy for Clostridium difficile infection in individuals taking concomitant antibiotics for other Concurrent infections
    • Mullane K.M., Miller M.A., Weiss K., et al. Efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin as therapy for Clostridium difficile infection in individuals taking concomitant antibiotics for other Concurrent infections. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 53:440-447.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53 , pp. 440-447
    • Mullane, K.M.1    Miller, M.A.2    Weiss, K.3
  • 44
    • 79551527297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection
    • Louie T.J., Miller M.A., Mullane K.M., et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 2011, 364:422-431.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 422-431
    • Louie, T.J.1    Miller, M.A.2    Mullane, K.M.3
  • 45
    • 34547133720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity
    • Zar F.A., Bakkanagari S.R., Moorthi K.M., et al. A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 45:302-307.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 302-307
    • Zar, F.A.1    Bakkanagari, S.R.2    Moorthi, K.M.3
  • 46
    • 0022491104 scopus 로고
    • Faecal metronidazole concentrations during oral and intravenous therapy for antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile
    • Bolton R.P., Culshaw M.A. Faecal metronidazole concentrations during oral and intravenous therapy for antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile. Gut 1986, 27:1169-1172.
    • (1986) Gut , vol.27 , pp. 1169-1172
    • Bolton, R.P.1    Culshaw, M.A.2
  • 47
    • 0026663447 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metronidazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Johnson S., Homann S.R., Bettin K.M., et al. Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metronidazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:297-302.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 297-302
    • Johnson, S.1    Homann, S.R.2    Bettin, K.M.3
  • 48
    • 0018220731 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of vancomycin for pseudomembranous colitis and postoperative diarrhoea
    • Keighley M.R., Burdon D.W., Arabi Y., et al. Randomised controlled trial of vancomycin for pseudomembranous colitis and postoperative diarrhoea. BMJ 1978, 2:1667-1669.
    • (1978) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 1667-1669
    • Keighley, M.R.1    Burdon, D.W.2    Arabi, Y.3
  • 49
    • 0019217857 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic trials of antibiotic associated colitis
    • Mogg G.A., Arabi Y., Youngs D., et al. Therapeutic trials of antibiotic associated colitis. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1980, 22(Suppl):41-45.
    • (1980) Scand J Infect Dis Suppl , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 41-45
    • Mogg, G.A.1    Arabi, Y.2    Youngs, D.3
  • 50
    • 0021038539 scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis
    • Teasley D.G., Gerding D.N., Olson M.M., et al. Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. Lancet 1983, 2:1043-1046.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1043-1046
    • Teasley, D.G.1    Gerding, D.N.2    Olson, M.M.3
  • 51
    • 33644837200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and outcomes of a first recurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in Quebec, Canada
    • Pépin J., Routhier S., Gagnon S., et al. Management and outcomes of a first recurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:758-764.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 758-764
    • Pépin, J.1    Routhier, S.2    Gagnon, S.3
  • 52
    • 81855199757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the ability of rifaximin to prevent recurrent diarrhoea in patients with Clostridium difficile infection
    • Garey K.W., Ghantoji S.S., Shah D.N., et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the ability of rifaximin to prevent recurrent diarrhoea in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011, 66:2850-2855.
    • (2011) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.66 , pp. 2850-2855
    • Garey, K.W.1    Ghantoji, S.S.2    Shah, D.N.3
  • 53
    • 70450228421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifaximin redux: treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections with rifaximin immediately post-vancomycin treatment
    • Johnson S., Schriever C., Patel U., et al. Rifaximin redux: treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections with rifaximin immediately post-vancomycin treatment. Anaerobe 2009, 15:290-291.
    • (2009) Anaerobe , vol.15 , pp. 290-291
    • Johnson, S.1    Schriever, C.2    Patel, U.3
  • 54
    • 84859363607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter study of Clostridium difficile infection-related colectomy, 2000-2006
    • Kasper A.M., Nyazee H.A., Yokoe D.S., et al. A multicenter study of Clostridium difficile infection-related colectomy, 2000-2006. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012, 33:470-476.
    • (2012) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 470-476
    • Kasper, A.M.1    Nyazee, H.A.2    Yokoe, D.S.3
  • 55
    • 33846436449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of emergency colectomy on survival of patients with fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain
    • Lamontagne F., Labbé A.C., Haeck O., et al. Impact of emergency colectomy on survival of patients with fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain. Ann Surg 2007, 245:267-272.
    • (2007) Ann Surg , vol.245 , pp. 267-272
    • Lamontagne, F.1    Labbé, A.C.2    Haeck, O.3
  • 56
    • 80052277400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage: an alternative to total abdominal colectomy for the treatment of severe, complicated Clostridium difficile associated disease
    • discussion 7-9
    • Neal M.D., Alverdy J.C., Hall D.E., et al. Diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage: an alternative to total abdominal colectomy for the treatment of severe, complicated Clostridium difficile associated disease. Ann Surg 2011, 254:423-427. discussion 7-9.
    • (2011) Ann Surg , vol.254 , pp. 423-427
    • Neal, M.D.1    Alverdy, J.C.2    Hall, D.E.3
  • 57
    • 43249103183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: for whom is this expensive bullet really magic?
    • Pepin J. Vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: for whom is this expensive bullet really magic?. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46:1493-1498.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1493-1498
    • Pepin, J.1
  • 58
    • 36549073638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of Clostridium difficile-associated disease treated with metronidazole or vancomycin before and after the emergence of NAP1/027
    • Pepin J., Valiquette L., Gagnon S., et al. Outcomes of Clostridium difficile-associated disease treated with metronidazole or vancomycin before and after the emergence of NAP1/027. Am J Gastroenterol 2007, 102:2781-2788.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 2781-2788
    • Pepin, J.1    Valiquette, L.2    Gagnon, S.3
  • 59
    • 80052024909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation: "first-line" treatment for severe Clostridium difficile infection?
    • Brandt L.J., Borody T.J., Campbell J. Endoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation: "first-line" treatment for severe Clostridium difficile infection?. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011, 45:655-657.
    • (2011) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 655-657
    • Brandt, L.J.1    Borody, T.J.2    Campbell, J.3
  • 60
    • 80054111987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
    • Brandt L.J., Reddy S.S. Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011, 45(Suppl):S159-S167.
    • (2011) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Brandt, L.J.1    Reddy, S.S.2
  • 61
    • 84873019302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile
    • van Nood E., Vrieze A., Nieuwdorp M., et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013, 368:407-415.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 407-415
    • van Nood, E.1    Vrieze, A.2    Nieuwdorp, M.3
  • 62
    • 84862309942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
    • Hamilton M.J., Weingarden A.R., Sadowsky M.J., et al. Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:761-767.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 761-767
    • Hamilton, M.J.1    Weingarden, A.R.2    Sadowsky, M.J.3
  • 63
    • 77950861655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success of self-administered home fecal transplantation for chronic Clostridium difficile infection
    • Silverman M.S., Davis I., Pillai D.R. Success of self-administered home fecal transplantation for chronic Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010, 8:471-473.
    • (2010) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.8 , pp. 471-473
    • Silverman, M.S.1    Davis, I.2    Pillai, D.R.3
  • 64
    • 84863719891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
    • Brandt L.J., Aroniadis O.C., Mellow M., et al. Long-term follow-up of colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:1079-1087.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Brandt, L.J.1    Aroniadis, O.C.2    Mellow, M.3
  • 65
    • 84875043560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician attitudes toward the use of fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a metropolitan area
    • Jiang Z.D., Hoang L.N., Lasco T.M., et al. Physician attitudes toward the use of fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a metropolitan area. Clin Infect Dis 2013, 56:1059-1060.
    • (2013) Clin Infect Dis , vol.56 , pp. 1059-1060
    • Jiang, Z.D.1    Hoang, L.N.2    Lasco, T.M.3
  • 66
    • 22744446859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic therapy for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review
    • Dendukuri N., Costa V., McGregor M., et al. Probiotic therapy for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review. CMAJ 2005, 173:167-170.
    • (2005) CMAJ , vol.173 , pp. 167-170
    • Dendukuri, N.1    Costa, V.2    McGregor, M.3
  • 67
    • 70349213718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Pothoulakis C. Review article: anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of Saccharomyces boulardii. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009, 30:826-833.
    • (2009) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.30 , pp. 826-833
    • Pothoulakis, C.1
  • 68
    • 77952615260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients
    • McFarland L.V. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients. World J Gastroenterol 2010, 16:2202-2222.
    • (2010) World J Gastroenterol , vol.16 , pp. 2202-2222
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 69
    • 84861908072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adult hospitalized patients: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Pozzoni P., Riva A., Bellatorre A.G., et al. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adult hospitalized patients: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:922-931.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 922-931
    • Pozzoni, P.1    Riva, A.2    Bellatorre, A.G.3
  • 70
    • 0034450738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Surawicz C.M., McFarland L.V., Greenberg R.N., et al. The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 31:1012-1017.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    McFarland, L.V.2    Greenberg, R.N.3
  • 71
    • 77954424086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea prophylaxis in adult patients
    • Gao X.W., Mubasher M., Fang C.Y., et al. Dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea prophylaxis in adult patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2010, 105:1636-1641.
    • (2010) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.105 , pp. 1636-1641
    • Gao, X.W.1    Mubasher, M.2    Fang, C.Y.3
  • 72
    • 34447630803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of probiotic lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial
    • Hickson M., D'Souza A.L., Muthu N., et al. Use of probiotic lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2007, 335:80.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.335 , pp. 80
    • Hickson, M.1    D'Souza, A.L.2    Muthu, N.3
  • 73
    • 28044437962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive saccharomyces infection: a comprehensive review
    • Enache-Angoulvant A., Hennequin C. Invasive saccharomyces infection: a comprehensive review. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 41:1559-1568.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1559-1568
    • Enache-Angoulvant, A.1    Hennequin, C.2
  • 74
    • 0036278211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients
    • Lherm T., Monet C., Nougière B., et al. Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002, 28:797-801.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 797-801
    • Lherm, T.1    Monet, C.2    Nougière, B.3
  • 75
    • 0037111629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland
    • Salminen M.K., Tynkkynen S., Rautelin H., et al. Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 35:1155-1160.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1155-1160
    • Salminen, M.K.1    Tynkkynen, S.2    Rautelin, H.3
  • 76
    • 84866299836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Canadian Working Group report on fecal microbial therapy: microbial ecosystems therapeutics
    • Allen-Vercoe E., Reid G., Viner N., et al. A Canadian Working Group report on fecal microbial therapy: microbial ecosystems therapeutics. Can J Gastroenterol 2012, 26:457-462.
    • (2012) Can J Gastroenterol , vol.26 , pp. 457-462
    • Allen-Vercoe, E.1    Reid, G.2    Viner, N.3
  • 77
    • 84877020842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stool substitute transplant therapy for the eradication of Clostridium difficile infection: "RePooPulating" the gut
    • Petrof E.O., Gloor G.B., Vanner S.J., et al. Stool substitute transplant therapy for the eradication of Clostridium difficile infection: "RePooPulating" the gut. Microbiome 2013, 1:1-12.
    • (2013) Microbiome , vol.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Petrof, E.O.1    Gloor, G.B.2    Vanner, S.J.3
  • 78
    • 2442705389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descriptive study of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea
    • Wilcox M.H. Descriptive study of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53:882-884.
    • (2004) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 882-884
    • Wilcox, M.H.1
  • 79
    • 0030763467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile colitis
    • Salcedo J., Keates S., Pothoulakis C., et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile colitis. Gut 1997, 41:366-370.
    • (1997) Gut , vol.41 , pp. 366-370
    • Salcedo, J.1    Keates, S.2    Pothoulakis, C.3
  • 80
    • 84863737056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Shahani L., Koirala J. Intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. BMJ Case reports 2012 May 8, Epub ahead of print.
    • (2012) BMJ Case reports
    • Shahani, L.1    Koirala, J.2
  • 81
    • 79957937615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the impact of a single-dose intravenous immunoglobulin regimen in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections
    • Aldeyab M.A., McElnay J.C., Scott M.G., et al. An evaluation of the impact of a single-dose intravenous immunoglobulin regimen in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011, 32:631-633.
    • (2011) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 631-633
    • Aldeyab, M.A.1    McElnay, J.C.2    Scott, M.G.3
  • 82
    • 33847150865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes of intravenous immune globulin in severe Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
    • Juang P., Skledar S.J., Zgheib N.K., et al. Clinical outcomes of intravenous immune globulin in severe Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Am J Infect Control 2007, 35:131-137.
    • (2007) Am J Infect Control , vol.35 , pp. 131-137
    • Juang, P.1    Skledar, S.J.2    Zgheib, N.K.3
  • 83
    • 74849098405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins
    • Lowy I., Molrine D.C., Leav B.A., et al. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:197-205.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 197-205
    • Lowy, I.1    Molrine, D.C.2    Leav, B.A.3
  • 84
    • 0842303177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and passive immunization against Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colitis
    • Giannasca P.J., Warny M. Active and passive immunization against Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colitis. Vaccine 2004, 22:848-856.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 848-856
    • Giannasca, P.J.1    Warny, M.2
  • 85
    • 0031654540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for a vaccine for Clostridium difficile
    • Kyne L., Kelly C.P. Prospects for a vaccine for Clostridium difficile. BioDrugs 1998, 10:173-181.
    • (1998) BioDrugs , vol.10 , pp. 173-181
    • Kyne, L.1    Kelly, C.P.2
  • 86
    • 20244383137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea
    • Sougioultzis S., Kyne L., Drudy D., et al. Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Gastroenterology 2005, 128:764-770.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 764-770
    • Sougioultzis, S.1    Kyne, L.2    Drudy, D.3
  • 87
    • 77954953150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential value of Clostridium difficile vaccine: an economic computer simulation model
    • Lee B.Y., Popovich M.J., Tian Y., et al. The potential value of Clostridium difficile vaccine: an economic computer simulation model. Vaccine 2010, 28:5245-5253.
    • (2010) Vaccine , vol.28 , pp. 5245-5253
    • Lee, B.Y.1    Popovich, M.J.2    Tian, Y.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.