A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the ability of rifaximin to prevent recurrent diarrhoea in patients with Clostridium difficile infection

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 66, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 2850-2855

  Garey, Kevin W ^a,b,c   Ghantoji, Shashank S ^b   Shah, Dhara N ^a,c   Habib, Musarat ^a   Arora, Vaneet ^a   Jiang, Zhi Dong ^b   Dupont, Herbert L ^a,b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c ST LUKE S EPISCOPAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibiotics; Healthcare associated infections; Rifamycin antibiotics

Indexed keywords

METRONIDAZOLE; PLACEBO; RIFAXIMIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT DIARRHEA; RECURRENT INFECTION; SELF REPORT; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; PILOT PROJECTS; PLACEBOS; RECURRENCE; RIFAMYCINS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 81855199757     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr377     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Kelly CP, LaMont JT. Clostridium difficile-more difficult than ever. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1932-40.
2. Shah D, Dang MD, Hasbun R et al. Clostridium difficile infection: update on emerging antibiotic treatment options and antibiotic resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8: 555-64.
3. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2433-41.
4. Barbut F, Petit JC. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7: 405-10.
5. Maroo S, Lamont JT. Recurrent Clostridium difficile. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 1311-6.
6. Sethi S, Garey KW, Arora V et al. Increased rate of irritable bowel syndrome and functional gastrointestinal disorders after Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2011; 77: 172-3.
7. Garey KW, Jiang ZD, Bellard A et al. Rifaximin in treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: an uncontrolled pilot study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 43: 91-3.
8. Johnson S, Schriever C, Galang M et al. Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea episodes by serial therapy with vancomycin and rifaximin. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 846-8.
9. Johnson S, Schriever C, Patel U et al. Rifaximin redux: treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections with rifaximin immediately post-vancomycin treatment. Anaerobe 2009; 15: 290-1.
10. Low K, Hwang L, Hua J et al. A combination of rifaximin and neomycin is most effective in treating irritable bowel syndrome patients with methane on lactulose breath test. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 44: 547-50.
11. Cottreau J, Baker SF, DuPont HL et al. Rifaximin: a nonsystemic rifamycin antibiotic for gastrointestinal infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8: 747-60.
12. Pimentel M, Lembo A, Chey WD et al. Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 22-32.
13. Arora V, Kachroo S, Ghantoji SS et al. High Horn's index score predicts poor outcomes in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79: 23-6.
14. Barbut F, Kajzer C, Planas N et al. Comparison of three enzyme immunoassays, a cytotoxicity assay, and toxigenic culture for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 963-7.
15. Lowy I, Molrine DC, Leav BA et al. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 197-205.
16. Jiang ZD, DuPont HL, La Rocco M et al. In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to rifaximin and rifampin in 359 consecutive isolates at a university hospital in Houston, Texas. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63: 355-8.
17. Curry SR, Marsh JW, Shutt KA et al. High frequency of rifampin resistance identified in an epidemic Clostridium difficile clone from a large teaching hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 425-9.
18. Jiang ZD, Ke S, Palazzini E et al. In vitro activity and fecal concentration of rifaximin after oral administration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 2205-6.
19. Brown EL, Xue Q, Jiang ZD et al. Pretreatment of epithelial cells with rifaximin alters bacterial attachment and internalization profiles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 388-96.
20. Gerard L, Garey KW, DuPont HL. Rifaximin: a nonabsorbable rifamycin antibiotic for use in nonsystemic gastrointestinal infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2005; 3: 201-11.
21. Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 422-31.