Multifunctional nanomedicines: Potentials and prospects

Drug Delivery and Translational Research

Volumn 3, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 479-497

  Agrawal, Udita ^a   Gupta, Madhu ^a   Jadon, Rajesh S ^a   Sharma, Rajeev ^a   Vyas, S P ^a  

^a DR H S GOUR UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Drug delivery; Imaging agents; Multifunctional nanocarriers; Nanotechnology; Targeting

Indexed keywords

APTAMER; ARGINYLGLYCYLASPARTIC ACID; BIOTIN; CONTRAST MEDIUM; COPOLYMER; DAUNORUBICIN; DENDRIMER; DNA; FOLIC ACID; FULLERENE; GALACTOSE; GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN; LIPOSOME; MACROGOL; MICROSPHERE; MULTI WALLED NANOTUBE; NANOCARRIER; NANOPARTICLE; PACLITAXEL; PENETRATION ENHANCING AGENT; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; POLYMER; POLYMERSOME; QUANTUM DOT; RECOMBINANT VASCULOTROPIN; SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE; TRANSFERRIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIOLUMINESCENCE; BIOLUMINESCENCE IMAGING; BREAST CANCER; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; CONFOCAL RAMAN MICROSCOPY; CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION; DRUG ACCUMULATION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG RELEASE; DRUG RETENTION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TARGETING; EX VIVO STUDY; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; GENE SILENCING; GENE TARGETING; HUMAN; IMPLANT; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; KAPOSI SARCOMA; MICELLE; MOLECULAR IMAGING; MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY; NANOEMULSION; NANOENCAPSULATION; NANOIMAGING; NANOMEDICINE; NANOPHARMACEUTICS; NANOSENSOR; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARTICLE SIZE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTUM MECHANICS; REVIEW; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE; THERANOSTICS;

EID: 84883370682     PISSN: 2190393X     EISSN: 21903948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0123-x     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Torchilin VP. Multifunctional nanocarrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2006;58: 1532-55.
2. Alonso MJ. Nanomedicines for overcoming biological barriers. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004;58: 168-72.
3. Devalapally H, Shenoy D, Little S, Langer R, Amiji M. Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive system for tumor-targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs: part 3. Therapeutic efficacy and safety studies in ovarian cancer xenograft model. Cancer Chem Pharmacol. 2007;59: 477-84.
4. Fernandez AF, Manchanda R, McGoron AJ. Theranostic applications of nanomaterials in cancer: drug delivery, image-guided therapy, and multifunctional platforms. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011;165: 1628-51.
5. Duncan R. Polymer conjugates as anticancer nanomedicines. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6: 688-01.
6. McCarthy JR. Multifunctional agents for concurrent imaging and therapy in cardiovascular disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2010;62: 1023-30.
7. Peppas LB, Blanchette JO. Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004;56: 1649-59.
8. Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC. Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. FASEB J. 2005;19: 311-30.
9. Maeda H. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature: the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting. Adv Enzyme Regul. 2001;41: 189-07.
10. Kukowska-Latallo JF, Candido KA, Cao Z, Nigavekar SS, Majoros IJ, Thomas TP, Balogh LP, Khan MK, Baker JR. Nanoparticle targeting of anticancer drug improves therapeutic response in animal model of human epithelial cancer. Cancer Res. 2005;65: 5317-24.
11. Joner M, Morimoto K, Kasukawa H, Steigerwald K, Merl S, Nakazawa G, John MC, Finn AV, Acampado E, Kolodgie FD, Gold HK, Virmani R. Site-specific targeting of nanoparticle prednisolone reduces in-stent restenosis in a rabbit model of established atheroma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28: 1960-6.
12. Trubetskoy VS, Gazelle GS, Wolf GL, Torchilin VP. Block-copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polylysine as a carrier of organic iodine: design of long-circulating particulate contrast medium for X-ray computed tomography. J Drug Target. 1997;4: 381-8.
13. Vakil R, Kwon GS. PEG-phospholipid micelles for the delivery of amphotericin B. J Control Rel. 2005;101(1-3): 386-9.
14. Davidson RN, Croft SL, Scott A, Maini M, Moody AH, Brycesonm AD. Liposomal amphotericin B in drug-resistant visceral leishmaniasis. Lancet. 1991;337: 1061-2.
15. Graham LM. PEG-asparaginase: a review of clinical studies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003;10: 1293-02.
16. Cruz LJ, Tacken PJ, Fokkink R, Figdor CG. The influence of PEG chain length and targeting moiety on antibody-mediated delivery of nanoparticle vaccines to human dendritic cells. Biomaterials. 2011;32(28): 6791-03.
17. Ishitsuka T, Akita H, Harashima H. Functional improvement of an IRQ-PEG-MEND for delivering genes to the lung. J Control Rel. 2011;154(1): 77-83.
18. Tromberg BJ, Pogue BW, Paulsen KD. Assessing the future of diffuse optical imaging technologies for breast cancer management. Med Phys. 2008;35(6): 2443-51.
19. Boussif O, Lezoualc H, Zanta F, Mergny MA, Scherman MD, Demeneix DB, Behr JP. A versatile vector for gene and oligonucleotide transfer into cells in culture and in vivo: polyethylenimine. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1995;92: 7297-01.
20. Milane LJ, Vlerken LV, Devalapally H, Shenoy D, Komareddy S, Bhavsar M, Amiji M. Multi-functional nanocarriers for targeted delivery of drugs and genes. J Control Rel. 2008;130: 121-8.
21. Aime S, Barge A, Cabella C, Crich SG, Gianolio E. Targeting cells with MR imaging probes based on paramagnetic Gd(III) chelates. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2004;5(6): 509-18.
22. Sun C, Lee JSH, Zhang M. Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. AdvDrug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(11): 1252-65.
23. Xu S, Luo Y, Graeser R, Warnecke A, Kratz F, Hauff P, Licha K, Haag R. Development of pH-responsive core-shell nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009;19: 1030-4.
24. Leergaard TB, Bjaalie JG, Devor A, Wald LL, Dale AM. In vivo tracing of major rat brain pathways using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional digital atlasing. NeuroImage. 2003;20(3): 1591-00.
25. Guo R, Zhang L, Qian H, Li R, Jiang X, Liu B. Multifunctional nanocarriers for cell imaging, drug delivery, and near-ir photothermal therapy. Langmuir. 2010;26(8): 5428-34.
26. Criscione JM, Le BL, Stern E, Brennan M, Rahner C, Papademetris X, Fahmy TM. Self-assembly of pH-responsive fluorinated dendrimer-based particulates for drug delivery and noninvasive imaging. Biomaterials. 2009;30: 3946-55.
27. Picart C, Elkaim R, Richert L, Audoin T, Arntz Y, Cardoso MD, et al. Primary cell adhesion on RGD-functionalized and covalently crosslinked thin polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Adv Funct Mater. 2005;15: 83-94.
28. Zhao B, Hu H, Mandal SK, Haddon RC. A bone mimic based on the self-assembly of hydroxyapatite on chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Mater. 2005;17(12): 3235-41.
29. McCann CM, Waterman P, Figueiredo JL, Aikawa E, Weissleder R, Chen JW. Combined magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of the living mouse brain reveals glioma response to chemotherapy. NeuroImage. 2009;45(2): 360-9.
30. Fiandaca MS, Varenika V, Eberling J, McKnight T, Bringas J, Pivirotto P, Beyer J, Hadaczek P, Bowers W, Park J. Real-time MR imaging of adeno-associated viral vector delivery to the primate brain. NeuroImage. 2009;47: 27-35.
31. Li S, Goins B, Zhang L, Bao A. Novel multifunctional theranostic liposome drug delivery system: construction, characterization, and multimodality MR, near-infrared fluorescent, and nuclear imaging. Bioconjug Chem. 2012;23(6): 1322-32.
32. Lee CC, MacKay JA, Frechet JM, Szoka FC. Designing dendrimers for biological applications. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23: 1517-26.
33. Sevenson S, Tomalia D. Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57: 2106-29.
34. Myc A, Majoros IJ, Thomas TP, Baker JR. Dendrimer-based targeted delivery of an apoptotic sensor in cancer cells. Biomacromolecules. 2006;7: 572-9.
35. Moorefield CN, Newkome GR. Unimolecular micelles: supramolecular use of dendritic constructs to create versatile molecular containers. C R Chim. 2003;6(8-10): 715-24.
36. Yates CR, Hayes W. Synthesis and applications of hyperbranched polymers. Eur Polymer J. 2004;40: 1257-81.
37. Bhavsar MD, Amiji MM. Development of novel biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles-in-microsphere formulation for local plasmid DNA delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008;9(1): 288-94.
38. Gupta AK, Gupta M. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials. 2005;26: 3995-21.
39. Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K. Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Rel. 2000;65: 271-84.
40. Qin S, Geng Y, Discher DE, Yang S. Temperature-controlled assembly and release from polymer vesicles of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(N- isopropylacrylamide). Adv Mater. 2005;18: 2905-9.
41. Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Dynamic properties of temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel cross-linked through siloxane linkage. Langmuir. 2001;17: 12-6.
42. Chellat F. Therapeutic potential of nanoparticulate systems for macrophage targeting. Biomaterials. 2005;26(35): 7260-75.
43. Ito, et al. Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;100(1): 1-11.
44. Krajcik R, Jung A, Hirsch A, Neuhuber W, Zolk O. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes enables non-covalent binding and intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA for efficient knockdown of genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;369: 595-02.
45. Prakash S, Malhotra M, Shao W, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Abbasi S. Polymeric nanohybrids and functionalized carbon nanotubes as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011;63: 1340-51.
46. Worle-Knirsch JM, Pulskamp K, Krug HF. Oops they did it again! Carbon nanotubes hoax scientists in viability assays. Nano Lett. 2006;6(6): 1261-8.
47. Wang Y, Chen L. Quantum dots, lighting up the research and development of nanomedicines. Nanomedicine Nanotech Bio Med. 2011;7: 385-02.
48. Christine E, Zrazhevskiy PP, Bagalkot V, Gao X. Quantum dots as a platform for nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012. doi: 10. 1016/j. addr. 2012. 09. 036.
49. Zintchenko. Drug nanocarriers labeled with near-infrared-emitting quantum dots (quantoplexes): imaging fast dynamics of distribution in living animals. Mol Ther. 2009;17(11): 1849-56.
50. Chuqiao T, Xuchu M, Adrian H, Susan MK, Angelique YL. PET imaging and biodistribution of silicon quantum dots in mice. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2011;2(4): 285-8.
51. Delehanty JB. Quantum dots: a powerful tool for understanding the intricacies of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009;6(10): 1091-11.
52. Pillai O, Panchagnula R. Polymers in drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2001;5: 447-51.
53. Letchford K, Burt H. A review of the formation and classification of amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticulate structures: micelles, nanospheres, nanocapsules and polymersomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;65: 259-69.
54. Kumar S, Mishra M, Jain NK. Development of folate-conjugated PEGylated poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticulate carrier for docetaxel. Curr Nanosci. 2008;4: 402-8.
55. Rosler A, Vandermeulen GWM, Klok HA. Advanced drug delivery devices via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;53: 95-08.
56. Zhang L, Eisenberg A. Multiple morphologies of "crew-cut" aggregates of polystyrene-bpoly(acrylic acid) block copolymers. Science. 1995;268: 1728-31.
57. Rapoport N. Physical stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for anti-cancer drug delivery. Prog Polym Sci. 2007;32: 962-90.
58. Kataoka K. Design of nanoscopic vehicles for drug targeting based on micellization of amphiphilic block copolymers. J Macromol Sci Pure Appl Chem. 1994;A31: 1759-69.
59. Gupta M, Vyas SP, Role of polymeric nanocarriers for cancer chemotherapy. In: nanocolloidal carriers: Site specific and controlled drug delivery. CBS Publishers; 2010. 365-397.
60. Torchilin VP. Micellar nanocarriers: pharmaceutical perspectives. Pharm Res. 2007;24: 1-16.
61. Wiradharma N, Zhang Y, Venkataraman S, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Self-assembled polymer nanostructures for delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Nano Today. 2009;4: 302-17.
62. Blanco E, Kessinger CW, Sumer BD, Gao J. Multifunctional micellar nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Exp Biol Med. 2009;234(2): 123-13.
63. Kumar N, Majeti NV, Kumar R, Dom AJ. Biodegradable blockcopolymers. Adv Drug Del Rev. 2001;53: 23-44.
64. Lee KS, Chung HC, Im SA, Park YH, Kim CS, Kim SB, Rha SY, Lee MY, Ro J. Multicenter phase II trial of Genexol-PM, a cremophor-free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;108: 241-50.
65. Nasongkla N, Bey E, Ren J, Ai H, Khemtong C, Guthi JS. Multifunctional polymeric micelles as cancer targeted, MRI-ultrasensitive drug delivery system. Nano Lett. 2006;6: 2427-30.
66. Avgoustakis K. Engineered polymers and polymeric systems in controlled drug delivery and targeting. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009;71: 407-8.
67. Upadhyay KK, Bhatt AN, Mishra AK, Dwarakanath BS, Jain S, Schatz C, Le Meins JFL, Farooque A, Chandraiah G, Jain AK, Misra AN, Lecommandoux S. The intracellular drug delivery and anti tumor activity of doxorubicin loaded poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)-b-hyaluronan polymersomes. Biomaterials. 2010;31: 2882-92.
68. Chen H, Wang L, Yeh J, Wu X, Cao Z, Wang YA, Zhang M, Yang L, Mao H. Reducing non-specific binding and uptake of nanoparticles and improving cell targeting with an antifouling PEO-b-PγMPS copolymer coating. Biomaterials. 2010;31: 5397-07.
69. Uchegbu IF, Anderson S, and Brownlie A. Polymeric vesicles. In: Uchegbu I, Schatzlein A, editors. Polymers in drug delivery. London: Taylor and Francis; 2006. pp. 31-53.
70. Discher DE, Ortiz V, Srinivas G, Klein ML, Kim Y, Christian D, Cai S, Photos P, Ahmed F. Emerging applications of polymersomes in delivery: From molecular dynamics to shrinkage of tumors. Prog Polym Sci. 2007;32: 838-57.
71. Cai S, Christian DA, Tewari M, Minko T, and Discher DE. Anti-cancer polymersomes. In: Polymer based nanostructures: medical applications. RSC nanoscience and nanotechnology. Royal Society of Chemistry; 2010. pp. 300-312.
72. Levine DH, Ghoroghchian PP, Freudenberg J, Zhang G, Therien MJ, Greene MI, Hammer DA, Murali R. Polymersomes: a new multi-functional tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Methods. 2008;46: 25-32.
73. Wang M, Thanou M. Targeting nanoparticles to cancer. Pharmacol Res. 2010;62: 90-9.
74. Cho HK, Cheong IW, Lee JM, Kim JH. Polymeric nanoparticles, micelles and polymersomes from amphiphilic block copolymer. Korean J Chem Eng. 2010;27: 731-40.
75. Brian KJ, Robert KP. Mechanism for rapid self-assembly of block copolymer nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett. 2003;91: 118302-5.
76. Xie F, Yao N, Qin Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, Yuan M, Tang J, Li X, Fan W, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Hai L, He Q. Investigation of glucose-modified liposomes using polyethylene glycols with different chain lengths as the linkers for brain targeting. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7: 163-75.
77. Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Coll Surf B Biointer. 2010;75: 1-18.
78. Upadhyay KK, Agrawal HG, Upadhyay C, Schatz C, Le Meins JF, Misra A, Lecommandoux S. Role of block copolymer nanoconstructs in cancer therapy. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2009;26: 157-05.
79. Rapoport N, Gao Z, Kennedy A. Multifunctional nanoparticles for combining ultrasonic tumor imaging and targeted chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99: 1095-06.
80. Saito G, Swanson JA, Lee KD. Drug delivery strategy utilizing conjugation via reversible disulfide linkages: role and site of cellular reducing activities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003;55: 199-15.
81. Bae Y, Jang WD, Nishiyama N, Fukushima S, Kataoka K. Multifunctional polymeric micelles with folate-mediated cancer cell targeting and pH-triggered drug releasing properties for active intracellular drug delivery. Mol Bio Syst. 2005;36: 242-50.
82. Licciardi M, Giammona G, Du J, Armes SP, Tang Y, Lewis AL. New folate-functionalized biocompatible block copolymer micelles as potential anti-cancer drug delivery systems. Polymer. 2006;47: 2946-55.
83. Wei H, Zhang XZ, Zhou Y, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX. Self-assembled thermoresponsive micelles of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-b-methyl methacrylate). Biomaterials. 2006;27: 2028-34.
84. Qin S, Geng Y, Discher DE, Yang S. Temperature-controlled assembly and release from polymer vesicles of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(N- isopropylacrylamide). Adv Mater. 2006;18: 2905-9.
85. Mornet S, Vasseur S, Grasset F, Duguet E. Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical diagnosis and therapy. J Mater Chem. 2004;14: 2161-75.
86. Husseini GA, Diaz de la Rosa MA, Gabuji T, Zeng Y, Christensen DA, Pitt WG. Release of doxorubicin from unstabilized and stabilized micelles under the action of ultrasound. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2007;7: 1028-33.
87. Bae Y, Kataoka K. Intelligent polymeric micelles from functional poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino acid) block copolymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009;61: 768-84.
88. Lee ES, Na K, Bae YH. Doxorubicin loaded pH-sensitive polymeric micelles for reversal of resistant MCF-7 tumor. J Control Rel. 2005;103: 405-18.
89. Yoo HS, Park TG. Folate receptor targeted biodegradable polymeric doxorubicin micelles. J Control Rel. 2004;96: 273-83.
90. Wang YC, Liu XQ, Sun TM, Xiong MH, Wang J. Functionalized micelles from block copolymer of polyphosphoester and poly(e{open}-caprolactone) for receptor-mediated drug delivery. J Control Rel. 2008;128: 32-40.
91. Zeng F, Lee H, Allen C. Epidermal growth factor-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(delta-valerolactone)copolymer micelles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. Bioconjug Chem. 2006;17: 399-09.
92. Lee H, Hu M, Reilly RM, Allen C. Apoptotic epidermal growth factor (EGF)-conjugated block copolymer micelles as a nanotechnology platform for targeted combination therapy. Mol Pharm. 2007;4: 769-81.
93. Xiong XB, Mahmud A, Uludag H, Lavasanifar A. Conjugation of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides to poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles for enhanced intracellular drug delivery to metastatic tumor cells. Biomacromol. 2007;8: 874-84.
94. Yu DH, Lu Q, Xie J, Fang C, Chen HZ. Peptide-conjugated biodegradable nanoparticles as a carrier to target paclitaxel to tumor neovasculature. Biomaterials. 2010;31: 2278-92.
95. Gu F, Zhang L, Teply BA, Mann N, Wang A, Radovic-Moreno AF, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. Precise engineering of targeted nanoparticles by using self-assembled biointegrated block copolymers. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2008;105: 2586-91.
96. Kim E, Jung Y, Choi H, Yang J, Suh JS, Huh YM, Kim K, Haam S. Prostate cancer cell death produced by the co-delivery of Bcl-xL shRNA and doxorubicin using an aptamer-conjugated polyplex. Biomaterials. 2010;31: 4592-9.
97. Patil YB, Toti US, Khdair A, Ma L, Panyam J. Single-step surface functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials. 2009;30: 859-66.
98. Zheng XL, Kan B, Gou ML, Fu SZ, Zhang J, Men K, Chen LJ, Luo F, Zhao YL, Zhao X, Wei YQ, Qian ZY. Preparation of MPEG-PLA nanoparticle for honokiol delivery in vitro. Int J Pharm. 2010;386: 262-7.
99. Zhu Z, Li Y, Li X, Li R, Jia Z, Liu B, Guo W, Wu W, Jiang X. Paclitaxel-loaded poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles: preparation and antitumor activity in vivo. J Control Rel. 2010;142: 438-46.
100. Ishihara T, Takahashi M, Higaki M, Mizushima Y, Mizushima T. Preparation and characterization of a nanoparticulate formulation composed of PEG-PLA and PLA as anti-inflammatory agents. Int J Pharm. 2010;385: 170-5.
101. Demirgoz D, Pangburn TO, Davis KP, Lee S, Bates FS, Kokkoli E. PR_b-targeted delivery of tumor necrosis factor-α by polymersomes for the treatment of prostate cancer. Soft Matter. 2009;5: 2011-9.
102. Jun YJ, Park MK, Jadhav VB, Song JH, Chae SW, Lee HJ, Park KS, Jeong B, Choy JH, Sohn YS. Tripodal amphiphiles tunable for self-assembly to polymersomes. J Control Rel. 2010;142: 132-7.
103. Petersen MA, Yin L, Kokkoli E, Hillmyer MA. Synthesis and characterization of reactive PEO-PMCL polymersomes. Polym Chem. 2010;1: 1281-90.
104. Xu L, Chen H, Xu H, Yang X. Anti-tumour and immuno-modulation effects of triptolide-loaded polymeric micelles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008;70: 741-8.
105. Sun H, Guo B, Cheng R, Meng F, Liu H, Zhong Z. Biodegradable micelles with sheddable poly(ethylene glycol) shells for triggered intracellular release of doxorubicin. Biomaterials. 2009;30: 6358-66.
106. Chandran T, Katragadda U, Teng Q, Tan C. Design and evaluation of micellar nanocarriers for 17-allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG). Int J Pharm. 2010;392: 170-7.
107. Mu CF, Balakrishnan P, Cui FD, Yin YM, Lee YB, Choi HG, Yong CS, Chung SJ, Shim CK, Kim DD. The effects of mixed MPEG-PLA/Pluronic copolymer micelles on the bioavailability and multidrug resistance of docetaxel. Biomaterials. 2010;31: 2371-9.
108. Qiao P, Niu Q, Wang Z, Cao D. Synthesis of thermosensitive micelles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(l-alanine) for controlled release of adriamycin. Chem Eng J. 2010;159: 257-63.