메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 198-218

Epidemiology of Stroke

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84882879657     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-5478-8.10014-4     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (6)

References (135)
  • 2
    • 77649126524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics-2010 update: A report from the American Heart Association
    • Lloyd-Jones D., Adams R.J., Brown T.M., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2010 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010, 121(7):e46-e215.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , Issue.7
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.1    Adams, R.J.2    Brown, T.M.3
  • 3
    • 0032952809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort
    • Rosamond W.D., Folsom A.R., Chambless L.E., et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke 1999, 30(4):736-743.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 736-743
    • Rosamond, W.D.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 4
    • 0035576795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic disparities in mortality by stroke subtype in the United States, 1995-1998
    • Ayala C., Greenlund K.J., Croft J.B., et al. Racial/ethnic disparities in mortality by stroke subtype in the United States, 1995-1998. Am J Epidemiol 2001, 154(11):1057-1063.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.154 , Issue.11 , pp. 1057-1063
    • Ayala, C.1    Greenlund, K.J.2    Croft, J.B.3
  • 5
    • 0024604248 scopus 로고
    • Infarcts of undetermined cause: The NINCDS Stroke Data Bank
    • Sacco R.L., Ellenberg J.H., Mohr J.P., et al. Infarcts of undetermined cause: The NINCDS Stroke Data Bank. Ann Neurol 1989, 25(4):382-390.
    • (1989) Ann Neurol , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 382-390
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Ellenberg, J.H.2    Mohr, J.P.3
  • 6
    • 0025248644 scopus 로고
    • The paradox of high risk of stroke in populations with low risk of coronary heart disease
    • Reed D.M. The paradox of high risk of stroke in populations with low risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990, 131(4):579-588.
    • (1990) Am J Epidemiol , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 579-588
    • Reed, D.M.1
  • 7
    • 0024411378 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of silent stroke in patients presenting with initial stroke: The Framingham Study
    • Kase C.S., Wolf P.A., Chodosh E.H., et al. Prevalence of silent stroke in patients presenting with initial stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke 1989, 20(7):850-852.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 850-852
    • Kase, C.S.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Chodosh, E.H.3
  • 8
    • 0023698202 scopus 로고
    • Silent stroke in the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank
    • Chodosh E.H., Foulkes M.A., Kase C.S., et al. Silent stroke in the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank. Neurology 1988, 38(11):1674-1679.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 1674-1679
    • Chodosh, E.H.1    Foulkes, M.A.2    Kase, C.S.3
  • 9
    • 0028036209 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Manolio T.A., Kronmal R.A., Burke G.L., et al. Magnetic resonance abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 1994, 25(2):318-327.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 318-327
    • Manolio, T.A.1    Kronmal, R.A.2    Burke, G.L.3
  • 10
    • 0037468674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline
    • Vermeer S.E., Prins N.D., den Heijer T., et al. Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. N Engl J Med 2003, 348(13):1215-1222.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , Issue.13 , pp. 1215-1222
    • Vermeer, S.E.1    Prins, N.D.2    den Heijer, T.3
  • 11
    • 1442323801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent brain infarcts in patients with manifest vascular disease
    • Giele J.L., Witkamp T.D., Mali W.P., et al. Silent brain infarcts in patients with manifest vascular disease. Stroke 2004, 35(3):742-746.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 742-746
    • Giele, J.L.1    Witkamp, T.D.2    Mali, W.P.3
  • 12
    • 0024472711 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of early recurrence of cerebral infarction. The Stroke Data Bank
    • Sacco R.L., Foulkes M.A., Mohr J.P., et al. Determinants of early recurrence of cerebral infarction. The Stroke Data Bank. Stroke 1989, 20(8):983-989.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 983-989
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Foulkes, M.A.2    Mohr, J.P.3
  • 13
    • 0020081926 scopus 로고
    • Survival and recurrence following stroke. The Framingham Study
    • Sacco R.L., Wolf P.A., Kannel W.B., et al. Survival and recurrence following stroke. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1982, 13(3):290-295.
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-295
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 14
    • 0028333847 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
    • Sacco R.L., Shi T., Zamanillo M.C., et al. Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Neurology 1994, 44(4):626-634.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 626-634
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Shi, T.2    Zamanillo, M.C.3
  • 15
    • 84882919819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brott T, Marks MP, Patel SC, et al: Acute Ischemic Stroke: New Concepts of Care 1998-1999:
    • Brott T, Marks MP, Patel SC, et al: Acute Ischemic Stroke: New Concepts of Care 1998-1999: . http://www.strokecenter.org.
  • 16
    • 36849093914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent lacunar infarction following a previous lacunar stroke: A clinical study of 122 patients
    • Arboix A., Font A., Garro C., et al. Recurrent lacunar infarction following a previous lacunar stroke: A clinical study of 122 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78(12):1392-1394.
    • (2007) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.78 , Issue.12 , pp. 1392-1394
    • Arboix, A.1    Font, A.2    Garro, C.3
  • 17
    • 33750343590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and outcome after ischemic stroke
    • Elkind M.S., Tai W., Coates K., et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and outcome after ischemic stroke. Arch Intern Med 2006, 23;166(19):2073-2080.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , Issue.19 , pp. 2073-2080
    • Elkind, M.S.1    Tai, W.2    Coates, K.3
  • 19
    • 0019425548 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic carotid bruit and risk of stroke. The Framingham study
    • Wolf P.A., Kannel W.B., Sorlie P., et al. Asymptomatic carotid bruit and risk of stroke. The Framingham study. JAMA 1981, 245(14):1442-1445.
    • (1981) JAMA , vol.245 , Issue.14 , pp. 1442-1445
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Kannel, W.B.2    Sorlie, P.3
  • 20
    • 0031178776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association Prevention Conference. IV. Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke. Risk factors
    • Sacco R.L., Benjamin E.J., Broderick J.P., et al. American Heart Association Prevention Conference. IV. Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke. Risk factors. Stroke 1997, 28(7):1507-1517.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1507-1517
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Benjamin, E.J.2    Broderick, J.P.3
  • 21
    • 34548057749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in African Americans' high risk for stroke: The remarkable burden of stroke for Southern African Americans
    • Howard G., Labarthe D.R., Hu J., et al. Regional differences in African Americans' high risk for stroke: The remarkable burden of stroke for Southern African Americans. Ann Epidemiol 2007, 17(9):689-696.
    • (2007) Ann Epidemiol , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 689-696
    • Howard, G.1    Labarthe, D.R.2    Hu, J.3
  • 22
    • 0032005478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke incidence among white, black, and Hispanic residents of an urban community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
    • Sacco R.L., Boden-Albala B., Gan R., et al. Stroke incidence among white, black, and Hispanic residents of an urban community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Am J Epidemiol 1998, 147(3):259-268.
    • (1998) Am J Epidemiol , vol.147 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-268
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Boden-Albala, B.2    Gan, R.3
  • 23
    • 10744233065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke in a biracial population: The excess burden of stroke among blacks
    • Kissela B., Schneider A., Kleindorfer D., et al. Stroke in a biracial population: The excess burden of stroke among blacks. Stroke 2004, 35(2):426-431.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 426-431
    • Kissela, B.1    Schneider, A.2    Kleindorfer, D.3
  • 24
    • 22044437361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparities in stroke risk factors: The impact of socioeconomic status
    • Bravata D.M., Wells C.K., Gulanski B., et al. Racial disparities in stroke risk factors: The impact of socioeconomic status. Stroke 2005, 36(7):1507-1511.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 1507-1511
    • Bravata, D.M.1    Wells, C.K.2    Gulanski, B.3
  • 25
    • 0032735072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study of incidence and risk factors
    • Petty G.W., Brown R.D., Whisnant J.P., et al. Ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study of incidence and risk factors. Stroke 1999, 30(12):2513-2516.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 2513-2516
    • Petty, G.W.1    Brown, R.D.2    Whisnant, J.P.3
  • 26
    • 0028282793 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiological association between blood pressure and stroke: Implications for primary and secondary prevention
    • MacMahon S., Rodgers A. The epidemiological association between blood pressure and stroke: Implications for primary and secondary prevention. Hypertens Res 1994, 17(suppl 1):S23-S32.
    • (1994) Hypertens Res , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • MacMahon, S.1    Rodgers, A.2
  • 27
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention: Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention: Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997, 157(21):2413-2446.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , Issue.21 , pp. 2413-2446
  • 28
    • 0025347391 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context
    • Collins R., Peto R., MacMahon S., et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990, 335(8693):827-838.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , Issue.8693 , pp. 827-838
    • Collins, R.1    Peto, R.2    MacMahon, S.3
  • 29
    • 42949112210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older
    • Beckett N.S., Peters R., Fletcher A.E., et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008, 358(18):1887-1898.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.18 , pp. 1887-1898
    • Beckett, N.S.1    Peters, R.2    Fletcher, A.E.3
  • 30
    • 0035935023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated midlife blood pressure increases stroke risk in elderly persons: The Framingham Study
    • Seshadri S., Wolf P.A., Beiser A., et al. Elevated midlife blood pressure increases stroke risk in elderly persons: The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 2001, 161(19):2343-2350.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , Issue.19 , pp. 2343-2350
    • Seshadri, S.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Beiser, A.3
  • 31
    • 0037335782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipid profile and incident ischemic stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Shahar E., Chambless L.E., Rosamond W.D., et al. Plasma lipid profile and incident ischemic stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Stroke 2003, 34(3):623-631.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 623-631
    • Shahar, E.1    Chambless, L.E.2    Rosamond, W.D.3
  • 32
    • 84882476648 scopus 로고
    • Are blood lipids risk factors for stroke?
    • Wolf P.A., D'Agostino R.B., Belanger A.J., et al. Are blood lipids risk factors for stroke?. Stroke 1991, 22(1):26.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 26
    • Wolf, P.A.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Belanger, A.J.3
  • 33
    • 0343273397 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration
    • Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration. Lancet 1995, 346:1647-1653.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1647-1653
  • 34
    • 0024519925 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial
    • Iso H., Jacobs D.R., Wentworth D., et al. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med 1989, 320(14):904-910.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , Issue.14 , pp. 904-910
    • Iso, H.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Wentworth, D.3
  • 35
    • 0028263188 scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men. Implications of shared risk
    • Benfante R., Yano K., Hwang L.J., et al. Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men. Implications of shared risk. Stroke 1994, 25(4):814-820.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 814-820
    • Benfante, R.1    Yano, K.2    Hwang, L.J.3
  • 36
    • 0027380992 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • Atkins D., Psaty B.M., Koepsell T.D., et al. Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1993, 119(2):136-145.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-145
    • Atkins, D.1    Psaty, B.M.2    Koepsell, T.D.3
  • 37
    • 0028245453 scopus 로고
    • Precursors of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the Framingham Study
    • Fine-Edelstein J.S., Wolf P.A., O'Leary D.H., et al. Precursors of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the Framingham Study. Neurology 1994, 44(6):1046-1050.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Fine-Edelstein, J.S.1    Wolf, P.A.2    O'Leary, D.H.3
  • 38
    • 84882832117 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-years, blood pressure-years, pack-years and carotid stenosis
    • Wilson P.W.F., Hoeg J.M., Belanger A.J., et al. Cholesterol-years, blood pressure-years, pack-years and carotid stenosis. Circulation 1995, 92(8):1-519.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.8 , pp. 1-519
    • Wilson, P.W.F.1    Hoeg, J.M.2    Belanger, A.J.3
  • 39
    • 9044228023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thickening of the carotid wall. A marker for atherosclerosis in the elderly? Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group
    • O'Leary D.H., Polak J.F., Kronmal R.A., et al. Thickening of the carotid wall. A marker for atherosclerosis in the elderly? Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1996, 27(2):224-231.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 224-231
    • O'Leary, D.H.1    Polak, J.F.2    Kronmal, R.A.3
  • 40
    • 0028020982 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group
    • Furberg C.D., Adams H.P., Applegate W.B., et al. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation 1994, 90(4):1679-1687.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 1679-1687
    • Furberg, C.D.1    Adams, H.P.2    Applegate, W.B.3
  • 41
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994, 344(8934):1383-1389.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , Issue.8934 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 42
    • 0342981862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators
    • Sacks F.M., Pfeffer M.A., Moye L.A., et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996, 335(14):1001-1009.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , Issue.14 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Moye, L.A.3
  • 43
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998, 339(19):1349-1357.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , Issue.19 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 44
    • 0037420492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Sever P.S., Dahlof B., Poulter N.R., et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 361(9364):1149-1158.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9364 , pp. 1149-1158
    • Sever, P.S.1    Dahlof, B.2    Poulter, N.R.3
  • 45
    • 0024418221 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program
    • Yano K., Reed D.M., MacLean C.J. Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1989, 20(11):1460-1465.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1460-1465
    • Yano, K.1    Reed, D.M.2    MacLean, C.J.3
  • 46
    • 0024565426 scopus 로고
    • Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan
    • Shimamoto T., Komachi Y., Inada H., et al. Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan. Circulation 1989, 79(3):503-515.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 503-515
    • Shimamoto, T.1    Komachi, Y.2    Inada, H.3
  • 47
    • 0028203280 scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance and 22-year stroke incidence. The Honolulu Heart Program
    • Burchfiel C.M., Curb J.D., Rodriguez B.L., et al. Glucose intolerance and 22-year stroke incidence. The Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1994, 25(5):951-957.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 951-957
    • Burchfiel, C.M.1    Curb, J.D.2    Rodriguez, B.L.3
  • 48
    • 0023947692 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus: An independent risk factor for stroke?
    • Barrett-Connor E., Khaw K.T. Diabetes mellitus: An independent risk factor for stroke?. Am J Epidemiol 1988, 128(1):116-123.
    • (1988) Am J Epidemiol , vol.128 , Issue.1 , pp. 116-123
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Khaw, K.T.2
  • 49
    • 0018764335 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study
    • Kannel W.B., McGee D.L. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study. JAMA 1979, 241(19):2035-2038.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , Issue.19 , pp. 2035-2038
    • Kannel, W.B.1    McGee, D.L.2
  • 50
    • 30344440683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Offspring Study
    • Najarian R.M., Sullivan L.M., Kannel W.B., et al. Metabolic syndrome compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Offspring Study. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166(1):106-111.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-111
    • Najarian, R.M.1    Sullivan, L.M.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 51
    • 0029847412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and fat distribution as predictors of stroke among US men
    • Walker S.P., Rimm E.B., Ascherio A., et al. Body size and fat distribution as predictors of stroke among US men. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 144(12):1143-1150.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , Issue.12 , pp. 1143-1150
    • Walker, S.P.1    Rimm, E.B.2    Ascherio, A.3
  • 52
    • 0023197103 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of risk factors for stroke in a cohort of men born in 1913
    • Welin L., Svardsudd K., Wilhelmsen L., et al. Analysis of risk factors for stroke in a cohort of men born in 1913. N Engl J Med 1987, 317(9):521-526.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , Issue.9 , pp. 521-526
    • Welin, L.1    Svardsudd, K.2    Wilhelmsen, L.3
  • 53
    • 77949816268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental occurrence of stroke and risk of stroke in their children: The Framingham Study
    • Seshadri S., Beiser A., Pikula A., et al. Parental occurrence of stroke and risk of stroke in their children: The Framingham Study. Circulation 2010, 121(11):1304-1312.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , Issue.11 , pp. 1304-1312
    • Seshadri, S.1    Beiser, A.2    Pikula, A.3
  • 54
    • 0021210911 scopus 로고
    • Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction
    • Wilhelmsen L., Svardsudd K., Korsan-Bengtsen K., et al. Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984, 311(8):501-505.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , Issue.8 , pp. 501-505
    • Wilhelmsen, L.1    Svardsudd, K.2    Korsan-Bengtsen, K.3
  • 55
    • 0023644095 scopus 로고
    • Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study
    • Kannel W.B., Wolf P.A., Castelli W.P., et al. Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1987, 258(9):1183-1186.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , Issue.9 , pp. 1183-1186
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Castelli, W.P.3
  • 56
    • 0023154903 scopus 로고
    • Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease: insights from the Framingham Study
    • Kannel W.B., D'Agostino R.B., Belanger A.J. Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease: insights from the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1987, 113(4):1006-1010.
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , Issue.4 , pp. 1006-1010
    • Kannel, W.B.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Belanger, A.J.3
  • 57
    • 0027772170 scopus 로고
    • Plasma fibrinogen: Levels and correlates in young adults. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
    • Folsom A.R., Qamhieh H.T., Flack J.M., et al. Plasma fibrinogen: Levels and correlates in young adults. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993, 138(12):1023-1036.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.138 , Issue.12 , pp. 1023-1036
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Qamhieh, H.T.2    Flack, J.M.3
  • 58
    • 0027178119 scopus 로고
    • Fibrinogen in relation to personal history of prevalent hypertension, diabetes, stroke, intermittent claudication, coronary heart disease, and family history: The Scottish Heart Health Study
    • Lee A.J., Lowe G.D., Woodward M., et al. Fibrinogen in relation to personal history of prevalent hypertension, diabetes, stroke, intermittent claudication, coronary heart disease, and family history: The Scottish Heart Health Study. Br Heart J 1993, 69(4):338-342.
    • (1993) Br Heart J , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 338-342
    • Lee, A.J.1    Lowe, G.D.2    Woodward, M.3
  • 59
    • 0035170373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: The Framingham Study
    • Rost N.S., Wolf P.A., Kase C.S., et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: The Framingham Study. Stroke 2001, 32(11):2575-2579.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 2575-2579
    • Rost, N.S.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Kase, C.S.3
  • 60
    • 0037078969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events
    • Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Rose L., et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2002, 347(20):1557-1565.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , Issue.20 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Rose, L.3
  • 61
    • 0029066299 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes
    • Boushey C.J., Beresford S.A., Omenn G.S., et al. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA 1995, 274(13):1049-1057.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , Issue.13 , pp. 1049-1057
    • Boushey, C.J.1    Beresford, S.A.2    Omenn, G.S.3
  • 62
    • 0028788020 scopus 로고
    • Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study
    • Nygard O., Vollset S.E., Refsum H., et al. Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study. JAMA 1995, 274(19):1526-1533.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , Issue.19 , pp. 1526-1533
    • Nygard, O.1    Vollset, S.E.2    Refsum, H.3
  • 63
    • 0028845307 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of serum total homocysteine concentration and risk of stroke in middle-aged British men
    • Perry I.J., Refsum H., Morris R.W., et al. Prospective study of serum total homocysteine concentration and risk of stroke in middle-aged British men. Lancet 1995, 346(8987):1395-1398.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , Issue.8987 , pp. 1395-1398
    • Perry, I.J.1    Refsum, H.2    Morris, R.W.3
  • 64
    • 0026684554 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians
    • Stampfer M.J., Malinow M.R., Willett W.C., et al. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA 1992, 268(7):877-881.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.268 , Issue.7 , pp. 877-881
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Malinow, M.R.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 65
    • 0028132586 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of ischemic stroke
    • Verhoef P., Hennekens C.H., Malinow M.R., et al. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke 1994, 25(10):1924-1930.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 1924-1930
    • Verhoef, P.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Malinow, M.R.3
  • 66
    • 0027523674 scopus 로고
    • Carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocyst(e)ine in asymptomatic adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Malinow M.R., Nieto F.J., Szklo M., et al. Carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocyst(e)ine in asymptomatic adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation 1993, 87(4):1107-1113.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , Issue.4 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Malinow, M.R.1    Nieto, F.J.2    Szklo, M.3
  • 67
    • 0028966321 scopus 로고
    • Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis
    • Selhub J., Jacques P.F., Bostom A.G., et al. Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 1995, 332(5):286-291.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , Issue.5 , pp. 286-291
    • Selhub, J.1    Jacques, P.F.2    Bostom, A.G.3
  • 68
    • 0027382008 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population
    • Selhub J., Jacques P.F., Wilson P.W., et al. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA 1993, 270(22):2693-2698.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , Issue.22 , pp. 2693-2698
    • Selhub, J.1    Jacques, P.F.2    Wilson, P.W.3
  • 69
    • 1342309318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial
    • Toole J.F., Malinow M.R., Chambless L.E., et al. Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 291(5):565-575.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , Issue.5 , pp. 565-575
    • Toole, J.F.1    Malinow, M.R.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 70
    • 77953867844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12 vs placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: a randomized trial
    • 12 vs placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: a randomized trial. JAMA 2010, 303(24):2486-2494.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , Issue.24 , pp. 2486-2494
    • Armitage, J.M.1    Bowman, L.2    Clarke, R.J.3
  • 71
    • 0015544424 scopus 로고
    • The role of impaired cardiac function in atherothrombotic brain infarction: The Framingham Study
    • Wolf P.A., Kannel W.B., McNamara P.M., et al. The role of impaired cardiac function in atherothrombotic brain infarction: The Framingham Study. Am J Public Health 1973, 63(1):52-58.
    • (1973) Am J Public Health , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-58
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Kannel, W.B.2    McNamara, P.M.3
  • 72
    • 1842295207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction
    • Loh E., Sutton M.S., Wun C.C., et al. Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997, 336(4):251-257.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , Issue.4 , pp. 251-257
    • Loh, E.1    Sutton, M.S.2    Wun, C.C.3
  • 73
    • 0025277780 scopus 로고
    • The effect of warfarin on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction
    • Smith P., Arnesen H., Holme I. The effect of warfarin on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1990, 323(3):147-152.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , Issue.3 , pp. 147-152
    • Smith, P.1    Arnesen, H.2    Holme, I.3
  • 74
    • 0042835782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of stroke, coronary disease, and death: The Framingham Study
    • Murabito J.M., Evans J.C., Larson M.G., et al. The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of stroke, coronary disease, and death: The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163(16):1939-1942.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , Issue.16 , pp. 1939-1942
    • Murabito, J.M.1    Evans, J.C.2    Larson, M.G.3
  • 75
    • 0023625745 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation: A major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study
    • Wolf P.A., Abbott R.D., Kannel W.B. Atrial fibrillation: A major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1987, 147(9):1561-1564.
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med , vol.147 , Issue.9 , pp. 1561-1564
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 76
    • 0025223161 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation-risk marker for stroke
    • Chesebro J.H., Fuster V., Halperin J.L. Atrial fibrillation-risk marker for stroke. N Engl J Med 1990, 323(22):1556-1558.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , Issue.22 , pp. 1556-1558
    • Chesebro, J.H.1    Fuster, V.2    Halperin, J.L.3
  • 77
    • 0025779484 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study
    • Wolf P.A., Abbott R.D., Kannel W.B. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke 1991, 22(8):983-988.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 983-988
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 78
    • 0028244264 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials
    • Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994, 154:1449-1457.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 1449-1457
  • 79
    • 0031728632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation
    • Laupacis A., Albers G., Dalen J., et al. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest 1998, 114(Suppl 5):579S-589S.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , Issue.SUPPL.5
    • Laupacis, A.1    Albers, G.2    Dalen, J.3
  • 80
    • 0020618001 scopus 로고
    • Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and non-valvular heart disease
    • Sage J.I., Van Uitert R.L. Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and non-valvular heart disease. Stroke 1983, 14(4):537-540.
    • (1983) Stroke , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 537-540
    • Sage, J.I.1    Van Uitert, R.L.2
  • 81
    • 20444395760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: Results from a population-based study
    • Marini C., De Santis F., Sacco S., et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: Results from a population-based study. Stroke 2005, 36(6):1115-1119.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1115-1119
    • Marini, C.1    De Santis, F.2    Sacco, S.3
  • 82
    • 0032557174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke during treatment with aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study. The SPAF III Writing Committee for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke during treatment with aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study. The SPAF III Writing Committee for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. JAMA 1998, 279(16):1273-1277.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , Issue.16 , pp. 1273-1277
  • 83
    • 0026543430 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I. Clinical features of patients at risk. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I. Clinical features of patients at risk. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Ann Intern Med 1992, 116(1):1-5.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
  • 84
    • 0035854054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation
    • Gage B.F., Waterman A.D., Shannon W., et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001, 285(22):2864-2870.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , Issue.22 , pp. 2864-2870
    • Gage, B.F.1    Waterman, A.D.2    Shannon, W.3
  • 85
    • 0242684413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin
    • van Walraven C., Hart R.G., Wells G.A., et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163(8):936-943.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , Issue.8 , pp. 936-943
    • van Walraven, C.1    Hart, R.G.2    Wells, G.A.3
  • 86
    • 0032730430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism: A decade of progress in stroke prevention
    • Hart R.G., Halperin J.L. Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism: A decade of progress in stroke prevention. Ann Intern Med 1999, 131(9):688-695.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.131 , Issue.9 , pp. 688-695
    • Hart, R.G.1    Halperin, J.L.2
  • 87
    • 0042422040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Wang T.J., Massaro J.M., Levy D., et al. A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2003, 290(8):1049-1056.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.8 , pp. 1049-1056
    • Wang, T.J.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Levy, D.3
  • 88
    • 0030317303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk for and severity of bleeding complications in elderly patients treated with warfarin. The National Consortium of Anticoagulation Clinics
    • Fihn S.D., Callahan C.M., Martin D.C., et al. The risk for and severity of bleeding complications in elderly patients treated with warfarin. The National Consortium of Anticoagulation Clinics. Ann Intern Med 1996, 124(11):970-979.
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.124 , Issue.11 , pp. 970-979
    • Fihn, S.D.1    Callahan, C.M.2    Martin, D.C.3
  • 89
    • 0037635434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Wang T.J., Larson M.G., Levy D., et al. Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2003, 107(23):2920-2925.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.23 , pp. 2920-2925
    • Wang, T.J.1    Larson, M.G.2    Levy, D.3
  • 90
    • 0028305607 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular mass and risk of stroke in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study
    • Bikkina M., Levy D., Evans J.C., et al. Left ventricular mass and risk of stroke in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1994, 272(1):33-36.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-36
    • Bikkina, M.1    Levy, D.2    Evans, J.C.3
  • 91
    • 0029089247 scopus 로고
    • Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: A study of 7 families. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
    • Chabriat H., Vahedi K., Iba-Zizen M.T., et al. Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: A study of 7 families. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Lancet 1995, 346:934-939.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 934-939
    • Chabriat, H.1    Vahedi, K.2    Iba-Zizen, M.T.3
  • 92
    • 0028908836 scopus 로고
    • Migraine and subsequent risk of stroke in the Physicians' Health Study
    • Buring J.E., Hebert P., Romero J., et al. Migraine and subsequent risk of stroke in the Physicians' Health Study. Arch Neurol 1995, 52(2):129-134.
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-134
    • Buring, J.E.1    Hebert, P.2    Romero, J.3
  • 93
    • 0029906276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of migraine and risk of cerebral ischaemia in young adults. The Italian National Research Council Study Group on Stroke in the Young
    • Carolei A., Marini C., De Matteis G. History of migraine and risk of cerebral ischaemia in young adults. The Italian National Research Council Study Group on Stroke in the Young. Lancet 1996, 347:1503-1506.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1503-1506
    • Carolei, A.1    Marini, C.2    De Matteis, G.3
  • 94
    • 0023845614 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study
    • Wolf P.A., D'Agostino R.B., Kannel W.B., et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1988, 259(7):1025-1029.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.259 , Issue.7 , pp. 1025-1029
    • Wolf, P.A.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 95
    • 0023883741 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and risk of stroke in middle-aged women
    • Colditz G.A., Bonita R., Stampfer M.J., et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of stroke in middle-aged women. N Engl J Med 1988, 318(15):937-941.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , Issue.15 , pp. 937-941
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Bonita, R.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 96
    • 0022480449 scopus 로고
    • Risk of stroke in male cigarette smokers
    • Abbott R.D., Yin Y., Reed D.M., et al. Risk of stroke in male cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med 1986, 315(12):717-720.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , Issue.12 , pp. 717-720
    • Abbott, R.D.1    Yin, Y.2    Reed, D.M.3
  • 97
    • 84921007869 scopus 로고
    • Further analyses of mortality in oral contraceptive users: Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
    • Further analyses of mortality in oral contraceptive users: Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Lancet 1981, 317:541-546.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.317 , pp. 541-546
  • 98
    • 0021235945 scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in the Framingham Study
    • Sacco R.L., Wolf P.A., Bharucha N.E., et al. Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in the Framingham Study. Neurology 1984, 34(7):847-854.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 847-854
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Bharucha, N.E.3
  • 99
    • 0022543427 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, hypertension and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A population-based case-control study
    • Bonita R. Cigarette smoking, hypertension and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A population-based case-control study. Stroke 1986, 17(5):831-835.
    • (1986) Stroke , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 831-835
    • Bonita, R.1
  • 100
    • 0023232440 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and subarachnoid haemorrhage: A population-based case-control study
    • Fogelholm R., Murros K. Cigarette smoking and subarachnoid haemorrhage: A population-based case-control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987, 50(1):78-80.
    • (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-80
    • Fogelholm, R.1    Murros, K.2
  • 101
    • 0024545999 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke
    • Shinton R., Beevers G. Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. BMJ 1989, 298(6676):789-794.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , Issue.6676 , pp. 789-794
    • Shinton, R.1    Beevers, G.2
  • 102
    • 0019445297 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease (second of two parts)
    • Stadel B.V. Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 1981, 305(12):672-677.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.305 , Issue.12 , pp. 672-677
    • Stadel, B.V.1
  • 103
    • 0022542920 scopus 로고
    • Nonhemorrhagic cerebral infarction in young adults
    • Adams H.P., Butler M.J., Biller J., et al. Nonhemorrhagic cerebral infarction in young adults. Arch Neurol 1986, 43(8):793-796.
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 793-796
    • Adams, H.P.1    Butler, M.J.2    Biller, J.3
  • 104
    • 0024271232 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases
    • Stampfer M.J., Willett W.C., Colditz G.A., et al. A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:1313-1317.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1313-1317
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Willett, W.C.2    Colditz, G.A.3
  • 105
    • 0030600340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception
    • Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study
    • WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996, 348:498-505. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 498-505
  • 106
    • 0029946560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke in users of low-dose oral contraceptives
    • Petitti D.B., Sidney S., Bernstein A., et al. Stroke in users of low-dose oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 1996, 335(1):8-15.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-15
    • Petitti, D.B.1    Sidney, S.2    Bernstein, A.3
  • 107
    • 0034608911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis
    • Gillum L.A., Mamidipudi S.K., Johnston S.C. Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2000, 284(1):72-78.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-78
    • Gillum, L.A.1    Mamidipudi, S.K.2    Johnston, S.C.3
  • 108
    • 0030600339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception
    • Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996, 348:505-510.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 505-510
  • 109
    • 0035950682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke
    • Viscoli C.M., Brass L.M., Kernan W.N., et al. A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001, 345(17):1243-1249.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.17 , pp. 1243-1249
    • Viscoli, C.M.1    Brass, L.M.2    Kernan, W.N.3
  • 110
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Rossouw J.E., Anderson G.L., Prentice R.L., et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002, 288(3):321-333.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.3 , pp. 321-333
    • Rossouw, J.E.1    Anderson, G.L.2    Prentice, R.L.3
  • 111
    • 0023785802 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary disease and stroke in women
    • Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A., Willett W.C., et al. A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary disease and stroke in women. N Engl J Med 1988, 319(5):267-273.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , Issue.5 , pp. 267-273
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 112
    • 0036216949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol consumption and risk of ischemic stroke: The Framingham Study
    • Djousse L., Ellison R.C., Beiser A., et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of ischemic stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke 2002, 33(4):907-912.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 907-912
    • Djousse, L.1    Ellison, R.C.2    Beiser, A.3
  • 113
    • 0022570975 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. The Honolulu Heart Program
    • Donahue R.P., Abbott R.D., Reed D.M., et al. Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. The Honolulu Heart Program. JAMA 1986, 255(17):2311-2314.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.255 , Issue.17 , pp. 2311-2314
    • Donahue, R.P.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Reed, D.M.3
  • 114
    • 0024829589 scopus 로고
    • Moderate alcohol consumption and stroke. The epidemiologic evidence
    • Camargo C.A. Moderate alcohol consumption and stroke. The epidemiologic evidence. Stroke 1989, 20:1611-1626.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1611-1626
    • Camargo, C.A.1
  • 115
    • 0020657379 scopus 로고
    • Can ethanol intoxication affect hemocoagulation to increase the risk of brain infarction in young adults?
    • Hillbom M., Kaste M., Rasi V. Can ethanol intoxication affect hemocoagulation to increase the risk of brain infarction in young adults?. Neurology 1983, 33(3):381-384.
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-384
    • Hillbom, M.1    Kaste, M.2    Rasi, V.3
  • 116
    • 0018187688 scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmias and the "Holiday Heart": alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders
    • Ettinger P.O., Wu C.F., De La Cruz C., et al. Arrhythmias and the "Holiday Heart": alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders. Am Heart J 1978, 95(5):555-562.
    • (1978) Am Heart J , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 555-562
    • Ettinger, P.O.1    Wu, C.F.2    De La Cruz, C.3
  • 117
    • 0021995803 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and strokes in young adults
    • Taylor J.R., Combs-Orme T. Alcohol and strokes in young adults. Am J Psychiatry 1985, 142(1):116-118.
    • (1985) Am J Psychiatry , vol.142 , Issue.1 , pp. 116-118
    • Taylor, J.R.1    Combs-Orme, T.2
  • 118
    • 0024850439 scopus 로고
    • The status of alcohol as a risk factor for stroke
    • Gorelick P.B. The status of alcohol as a risk factor for stroke. Stroke 1989, 20(12):1607-1610.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 1607-1610
    • Gorelick, P.B.1
  • 119
    • 0344109082 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in women [abstract]
    • Manson J.E., Stampfer M.J., Willett W.C., et al. Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in women [abstract]. Circulation 1995, 91:927.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 927
    • Manson, J.E.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 120
    • 0028198403 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: The Honolulu Heart Program
    • Abbott R.D., Rodriguez B.L., Burchfiel C.M., et al. Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: The Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Epidemiol 1994, 139(9):881-893.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , Issue.9 , pp. 881-893
    • Abbott, R.D.1    Rodriguez, B.L.2    Burchfiel, C.M.3
  • 121
    • 0026544569 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men
    • Wannamethee G., Shaper A.G. Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men. BMJ 1992, 304:597-601.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 597-601
    • Wannamethee, G.1    Shaper, A.G.2
  • 122
    • 0028131941 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke risk: The Framingham Study
    • Kiely D.K., Wolf P.A., Cupples L.A., et al. Physical activity and stroke risk: The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994, 140(7):608-620.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.140 , Issue.7 , pp. 608-620
    • Kiely, D.K.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Cupples, L.A.3
  • 123
    • 0029944725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke incidence in women and men. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
    • Gillum R.F., Mussolino M.E., Ingram D.D. Physical activity and stroke incidence in women and men. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 143(9):860-869.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , Issue.9 , pp. 860-869
    • Gillum, R.F.1    Mussolino, M.E.2    Ingram, D.D.3
  • 124
    • 0032958805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians
    • Lee I.M., Hennekens C.H., Berger K., et al. Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians. Stroke 1999, 30(1):1-6.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Lee, I.M.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Berger, K.3
  • 125
    • 0034721411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole grain consumption and risk of ischemic stroke in women: A prospective study
    • Liu S., Manson J.E., Stampfer M.J., et al. Whole grain consumption and risk of ischemic stroke in women: A prospective study. JAMA 2000, 284(12):1534-1540.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , Issue.12 , pp. 1534-1540
    • Liu, S.1    Manson, J.E.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 126
    • 0033530268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke
    • Joshipura K.J., Ascherio A., Manson J.E., et al. Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA 1999, 282:1233-1239.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1233-1239
    • Joshipura, K.J.1    Ascherio, A.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 127
    • 0035900936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of stroke in women
    • Iso H., Rexrode K.M., Stampfer M.J., et al. Intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of stroke in women. JAMA 2001, 285(3):304-312.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , Issue.3 , pp. 304-312
    • Iso, H.1    Rexrode, K.M.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 128
    • 0033805259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely associated with subsequent 20-year incidence of stroke in a Japanese rural community: the Shibata Study
    • Yokoyama T., Date C., Kokubo Y., et al. Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely associated with subsequent 20-year incidence of stroke in a Japanese rural community: the Shibata Study. Stroke 2000, 31:2287-2294.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2287-2294
    • Yokoyama, T.1    Date, C.2    Kokubo, Y.3
  • 129
    • 0033564157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of consumption of vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids to risk for stroke among men in the United States
    • Ascherio A., Rimm E.B., Hernan M.A., et al. Relation of consumption of vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids to risk for stroke among men in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1999 Jun 15, 130(12):963-970.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , Issue.12 , pp. 963-970
    • Ascherio, A.1    Rimm, E.B.2    Hernan, M.A.3
  • 130
    • 0029869885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between fish consumption and stroke incidence. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)
    • Gillum R.F., Mussolino M.E., Madans J.H. The relationship between fish consumption and stroke incidence. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Arch Intern Med 1996, 156(5):537-542.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-542
    • Gillum, R.F.1    Mussolino, M.E.2    Madans, J.H.3
  • 131
    • 0032510639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
    • Wilson P.W., D'Agostino R.B., Levy D., et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998, 97(18):1837-1847.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , Issue.18 , pp. 1837-1847
    • Wilson, P.W.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Levy, D.3
  • 132
    • 0023266152 scopus 로고
    • Representativeness of the Framingham risk model for coronary heart disease mortality: A comparison with a national cohort study
    • Leaverton P.E., Sorlie P.D., Kleinman J.C., et al. Representativeness of the Framingham risk model for coronary heart disease mortality: A comparison with a national cohort study. J Chronic Dis 1987, 40(8):775-784.
    • (1987) J Chronic Dis , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 775-784
    • Leaverton, P.E.1    Sorlie, P.D.2    Kleinman, J.C.3
  • 133
    • 0017279904 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study compared to the findings of the Framingham study
    • Brand R.J., Rosenman R.H., Sholtz R.I., et al. Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study compared to the findings of the Framingham study. Circulation 1976, 53(2):348-355.
    • (1976) Circulation , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 348-355
    • Brand, R.J.1    Rosenman, R.H.2    Sholtz, R.I.3
  • 134
    • 0003852222 scopus 로고
    • National Heart Institute (U.S.), U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health; US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Bethesda, Md
    • Kannel W.B., Gordon T. The Framingham Study; an epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease 1968, National Heart Institute (U.S.), U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health; US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Bethesda, Md.
    • (1968) The Framingham Study; an epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Gordon, T.2
  • 135
    • 0026064452 scopus 로고
    • Probability of stroke: A risk profile from the Framingham Study
    • Wolf P.A., D'Agostino R.B., Belanger A.J., et al. Probability of stroke: A risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991, 22(3):312-318.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 312-318
    • Wolf, P.A.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Belanger, A.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.