Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians

Stroke

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-6

  Lee, I Min ^a,b   Hennekens, Charles H ^a,b,d   Berger, Klaus ^c   Buring, Julie E ^a,b,d   Manson, JoAnn E ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Exercise; Risk factors; Stroke prevention

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE;

ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY WEIGHT; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EXERCISE; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

EID: 0032958805     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.30.1.1     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 1995. Hyattsville, Md; Public Health Service; 1996.
2. Bronner LL, Kanter DS, Manson JE. Primary prevention of stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1392-1400.
3. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Williams JL. Chronic disease in former college students: early precursors of fatal stroke. Am J Pub Health. 1967;57: 1290-1299.
4. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Steinmetz CH. A natural history of athleticism and cardiovascular health. JAMA. 1984;252:491-495.
5. Paffenbarger RS Jr. Factors predisposing to fatal stroke in longshoremen. Prev Med. 1972;1:522-527.
6. Kannel WB, Sorlie P. Some health benefits of physical activity: the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:857-861.
7. Kiely DK, Wolf PA, Cupples LA, Beiser AS, Kannel WB. Physical activity and stroke risk: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1994; 140:608-620.
8. Salonen JT, Puska P, Tuomilehto J. Physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke and death. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115: 526-537.
9. Herman B, Schmitz PIM, Leyton ACM, van Luijk JH, Frenken CWGM, Op de Coul AAW, Schulte BPM. Multivariate logistic analysis of risk factors for stroke in Tilburg, the Netherlands. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;118: 514-525.
10. Menotti A, Seccareccia F. Physical activity at work and job responsibility as risk factors for fatal coronary heart disease and other causes of death. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985;39:325-329.
11. Menotti A, Keys A, Blackburn H, Aravanis C, Dontas A, Fidanza F, Giampaoli S, Karvonen M, Kroumhout D, Nedeljkovic S, Nissinen A, Pekkanen J, Punsar S, Seccareccia F, Toshima H. Twenty-year stroke mortality and prediction in twelve cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1990;19:309-315.
12. Lapidus L, Bengtsson C. Socioeconomic factors and physical activity in relation to cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Heart J. 1986;55:295-301.
13. Harmsen P, Rosengren A, Tsipogianni A, Wilhelmsen L. Risk factors for stroke in middle-aged men in Göteborg, Sweden. Stroke. 1990;21: 223-229.
14. Lindsted KD, Tonstad S, Kuzma JW. Self-report of physical activity and patterns of mortality in Seventh-Day Adventist men. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:355-364.
15. Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men. BMJ. 1992;304:597-601.
16. Ellekjær EF, Wyller TB, Sverre JM, Holmen J. Lifestyle factors and risk of cerebral infarction. Stroke. 1992;23:829-834.
17. Shinton R, Sagar G. Lifelong exercise and stroke. BMJ. 1993;307: 231-234.
18. Lindenstrøm E, Boysen G, Nyboe J. Lifestyle factors and risk of cerebrovascular disease in women: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Stroke. 1993;24:1468-1472.
19. Håheim LL, Holme I, Hjermann I, Leren P. Risk factors of stroke incidence and mortality: a 12-year follow-up of the Oslo Study. Stroke. 1993;24:1484-1489.
20. Abbott RD, Rodriguez BL, Burchfiel CM, Curb JD. Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139:881-893.
21. Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Ingram DD. Physical activity and stroke incidence in women and men: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:860-869.
22. Sacco RL, Gan R, Boden-Albala B, Lin I-F, Kargman DE, Hauser WA, Shea S, Paik MC. Leisure-time physical activity and ischemic stroke risk: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke. 1998;29:380-387.
23. Lee I-M, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and stroke incidence: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Stroke. 1998;29:2049-2054.
24. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 1996:85-172.
25. The Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:129-135.
26. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, Stampfer M, Rosner B, Cook NR, Belanger C, LaMotte F, Gaziano JM, Ridker PM, Willett W, Peto R. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1145-1149.
27. Siconolfi SF, Lasater TM, Snow RCK, Carleton RA. Self-reported physical activity compared with maximal oxygen uptake. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122:101-105.
28. Kohl HW, Blair SN, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Macera CA, Kronenfeld JJ. A mail survey of physical activity habits as related to measured physical fitness. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;127:1228-1239.
29. Berger K, Kase CS, Buring JE. Interobserver agreement in the classification of stroke in the Physicians' Health Study. Stroke. 1996;27:238-242.
30. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc (B). 1972;34: 187-220.
31. Hays JT, Hurt RD, Dale LC. Smoking cessation. In: Manson JE, Ridker PM, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH, eds. Prevention of Myocardial Infarction. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1996:99-129.