Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development

Seminars in Immunology

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 160-171

  Anderson, Larry J ^a  

^a CHILDREN'S HEALTHCARE OF ATLANTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Respiratory syncytial virus; Vaccines

Indexed keywords

FORMALDEHYDE; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 3; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 7; INTERLEUKIN 8; M PROTEIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; RANTES; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS VACCINE; RETINOIC ACID INDUCIBLE PROTEIN I; STAT1 PROTEIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 3; VIRUS LIKE PARTICLE VACCINE;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ANTIBODY TITER; CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS; GENE DELETION; GENETIC DIFFERENCE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; IMMUNE COMPLEX DEPOSITION; IMMUNOGENICITY; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON PRODUCTION; NONHUMAN; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHENOTYPE; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION; REVIEW; RNA REPLICATION; RNA TRANSCRIPTION; VACCINATION; VIRUS LIKE AGENT; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION; VIRUS RELEASE; VIRUS REPLICATION;

RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; VACCINES;

AGED; ANIMALS; DRUG DISCOVERY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; POPULATION GROUPS; PREGNANCY; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS VACCINES;

EID: 84882267388     PISSN: 10445323     EISSN: 10963618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.011     Document Type: Review

References (192)

1. Morris J.A., Blount R.E., Savage R.E. Recovery of cytopathogenic agent from chimpanzees with coryza (22538). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1956, 92:544-549.
2. Chanock R., Roizman B., Myers R. Recovery from infants with respiratory illness of a virus related to chimpanzee coryza agent (CCA) I. Isolation, properties and characterization. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1957, 66:281-290.
3. Chanock R., Finberg L. Recovery from infants with respiratory illness of a virus related to chimpanzee coryza agent (CCA) II. Epidemiologic aspects of infection in infants and young children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1957, 66:291-300.
4. Hall C.B. The burgeoning burden of respiratory syncytial virus among children. Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2012, 12:92-97.
5. Glezen W.P., Taber L.H., Frank A.L., Kasel J.A. Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1986, 140:543-546.
6. Fischer Langley G., Anderson L.J. Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants and young children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2011.
7. Simoes E.A. Environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. Journal of Pediatrics 2003, 143:S118-S126.
8. Nair H., Nokes D.J., Gessner B.D., Dherani M., Madhi S.A., Singleton R.J., O'Brien K.L., Roca A., Wright P.F., Bruce N., Chandran A., Theodoratou E., Sutanto A., Sedyaningsih E.R., Ngama M., Munywoki P.K., Kartasasmita C., Simoes E.A., Rudan I., Weber M.W., Campbell H. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2010, 375:1545-1555.
9. Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K., Lim S., Shibuya K., Aboyans V., Abraham J., Adair T., Aggarwal R., Ahn S.Y., Alvarado M., Anderson H.R., Anderson L.M., Andrews K.G., Atkinson C., Baddour L.M., Barker-Collo S., Bartels D.H., Bell M.L., Benjamin E.J., Bennett D., Bhalla K., Bikbov B., Bin Abdulhak A., Birbeck G., Blyth F., Bolliger I., Boufous S., Bucello C., Burch M., Burney P., Carapetis J., Chen H., Chou D., Chugh S.S., Coffeng L.E., Colan S.D., Colquhoun S., Colson K.E., Condon J., Connor M.D., Cooper L.T., Corriere M., Cortinovis M., de Vaccaro K.C., Couser W., Cowie B.C., Criqui M.H., Cross M., Dabhadkar K.C., Dahodwala N., De Leo D., Degenhardt L., Delossantos A., Denenberg J., Des Jarlais D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dorsey E.R., Driscoll T., Duber H., Ebel B., Erwin P.J., Espindola P., Ezzati M., Feigin V., Flaxman A.D., Forouzanfar M.H., Fowkes F.G., Franklin R., Fransen M., Freeman M.K., Gabriel S.E., Gakidou E., Gaspari F., Gillum R.F., Gonzalez-Medina D., Halasa Y.A., Haring D., Harrison J.E., Havmoeller R., Hay R.J., Hoen B., Hotez P.J., Hoy D., Jacobsen K.H., James S.L., Jasrasaria R., Jayaraman S., Johns N., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N., Keren A., Khoo J.P., Knowlton L.M., Kobusingye O., Koranteng A., Krishnamurthi R., Lipnick M., Lipshultz S.E., Ohno S.L., Mabweijano J., MacIntyre M.F., Mallinger L., March L., Marks G.B., Marks R., Matsumori A., Matzopoulos R., Mayosi B.M., McAnulty J.H., McDermott M.M., McGrath J., Mensah G.A., Merriman T.R., Michaud C., Miller M., Miller T.R., Mock C., Mocumbi A.O., Mokdad A.A., Moran A., Mulholland K., Nair M.N., Naldi L., Narayan K.M., Nasseri K., Norman P., O'Donnell M., Omer S.B., Ortblad K., Osborne R., Ozgediz D., Pahari B., Pandian J.D., Rivero A.P., Padilla R.P., Perez-Ruiz F., Perico N., Phillips D., Pierce K., Pope C.A., Porrini E., Pourmalek F., Raju M., Ranganathan D., Rehm J.T., Rein D.B., Remuzzi G., Rivara F.P., Roberts T., De Leon F.R., Rosenfeld L.C., Rushton L., Sacco R.L., Salomon J.A., Sampson U., Sanman E., Schwebel D.C., Segui-Gomez M., Shepard D.S., Singh D., Singleton J., Sliwa K., Smith E., Steer A., Taylor J.A., Thomas B., Tleyjeh I.M., Towbin J.A., Truelsen T., Undurraga E.A., Venketasubramanian N., Vijayakumar L., Vos T., Wagner G.R., Wang M., Wang W., Watt K., Weinstock M.A., Weintraub R., Wilkinson J.D., Woolf A.D., Wulf S., Yeh P.H., Yip P., Zabetian A., Zheng Z.J., Lopez A.D., Murray C.J. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2013, 380:2095-2128.
10. Hall C.B., Weinberg G.A., Iwane M.K., Blumkin A.K., Edwards K.M., Staat M.A., Auinger P., Griffin M.R., Poehling K.A., Erdman D., Grijalva C.G., Zhu Y., Szilagyi P. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. New England Journal of Medicine 2009, 360:588-598.
11. Stockman L.J., Curns A.T., Anderson L.J., Fischer-Langley G. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997-2006. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2012, 31:5-9.
12. Shay D.K., Holman R.C., Newman R.D., Liu L.L., Stout J.W., Anderson L.J. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among U.S. children, 1980-1995. Journal of the American Medical Association 1999, 282:1440-1447.
13. Falsey A.R., Hennessey P.A., Formica M.A., Cox C., Walsh E.E. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. New England Journal of Medicine 2005, 352:1749-1759.
14. Han L.L., Alexander J.P., Anderson L.J. Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia among the elderly: an assessment of disease burden. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999, 179:25-30.
15. Thompson W.W., Shay D.K., Brammer L.T., Weintraub E., Nancy C., Anderson L.J., Fukuda K. Mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States, 1990-1998. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003, 289:179-186.
16. Mullins J.A., LaMonte A.C., Bresee J.S., Anderson L.J. Substantial variability in community RSV season timing: an analysis using the National Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Sruveillance System (NREVSS). Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2003, 22:857-862.
17. Stensballe L.G., Devasundaram J.K., Simoes E.A. Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: the ups and downs of a seasonal virus. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2003, 22:S21-S32.
18. Moore H.C., de Klerk N., Richmond P., Keil A.D., Lindsay K., Plant A., Lehmann D. Seasonality of respiratory viral identification varies with age and aboriginality in metropolitan Western Australia. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2009, 28:598-603.
19. Sigurs N., Aljassim F., Kjellman B., Robinson P.D., Sigurbergsson F., Bjarnason R., Gustafsson P.M. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax 2010, 65:1045-1052.
20. Stein R.T., Martinez F.D. Respiratory syncytial virus and asthma: still no final answer. Thorax 2010, 65:1033-1034.
21. Stensballe L.G., Ravn H., Kristensen K., Agerskov K., Meakins T., Aaby P., Simoes E.A. Respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing antibodies in cord blood, respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization, and recurrent wheeze. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009, 123:398-403.
22. Wu P., Hartert T.V. Evidence for a causal relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy 2011, 9:731-745.
23. Kim H.W., Canchola J.G., Brandt C.D., Pyles G., Chanock R.M., Jensen K., Parrott R.H. Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology 1969, 89:422-434.
24. Kapikian A.Z., Mitchell R.H., Chanock R.M., Shvedoff R.A., Stewart C.E. An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology 1969, 89:405-421.
25. Fulginiti V.A., Eller J.J., Sieber O.F., Joyner J.W., Minamitani M., Meiklejohn G. Respiratory virus immunization: I. A field of two inactivated respiratory virus vaccines; an aqueous trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine and an alum-precipitated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology 1969, 89:435-448.
26. Chin J., Magoffin R.L., Shearer L.A., Schieble J.H., Lennette E.H. Field evaluation of a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine and a trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine in a pediatric population. American Journal of Epidemiology 1969, 89:449-463.
27. Waris M.E., Tsou C., Erdman D.D., Day D.B., Anderson L.J. Priming with live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevents enhanced pulmonary inflammatory responses associated with formalin inactivated RSV immunization in BALB/c mice. Journal of Virology 1997, 71:6935-6939.
28. Groothuis J.R., Simoes E.A.F., Levin M.J., Hall C.B., Long C.E., Rodriguez W.J., Arrobio J., Meissner H.C., Fulton D.R., Welliver R.C., Tristram D.A., Siber G.R., Prince G.A., van Raden M. Hemming VG, group Trsvigs Prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin in high-risk infants and young children. New England Journal of Medicine 1993, 329:1524-1530.
29. Mejias A., Ramilo O. Review of palivizumab in the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk infants. Biologics: Targets & Therapy 2008, 2:433-439.
30. Hurwitz J.L. Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. Expert Review of Vaccines 2011, 10:1415-1433.
31. Graham B.S. Biological challenges and technological opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. Immunological Reviews 2011, 239:149-166.
32. Collins P.L., Melero J.A. Progress in understanding and controlling respiratory syncytial virus: still crazy after all these years. Virus Research 2011, 162:80-99.
33. Crowe J.E., Williams J.V. Immunology of viral respiratory tract infection in infancy. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2003, 4:112-119.
34. Walsh E.E., Falsey A.R. Age related differences in humoral immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Journal of Medical Virology 2004, 73:295-299.
35. McElhaney J.E. Prevention of infectious diseases in older adults through immunization: the challenge of the senescent immune response. Expert Review of Vaccines 2009, 8:593-606.
36. Glezen W.P., Paredes A., Allison J.E., Taber L.H., Frank A.L. Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level. Journal of Pediatrics 1981, 98:708-715.
37. Lamprecht C.L., Krause H.E., Mufson M.A. Role of maternal antibody in pneumonia and bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1981, 134:211-217.
38. Walsh E.E., Falsey A.R. Humoral and mucosal immunity in protection from natural respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2004, 190:373-378.
39. Hall C.B., Walsh E.E., Long C.E., Schnabel K.C. Immunity to and frequency of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1991, 163:693-698.
40. Luchsinger V., Piedra P.A., Ruiz M., Zunino E., Martinez M.A., Machado C., Fasce R., Ulloa M.T., Fink M.C., Lara P., Avendano L.F. Role of neutralizing antibodies in adults with community-acquired pneumonia by respiratory syncytial virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2012, 54:905-912.
41. Graham B.S., Bunton L.A., Rowland J., Wright P.F., Karzon D.T. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in anti-u-treated mice. Journal of Virology 1991, 65:4936-4942.
42. Graham B.S., Bunton L.A., Wright P.F., Karzon D.T. Role of T lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of primary infection and rechallenge with respiratory syncytial virus in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1991, 88:1026-1033.
43. Cannon M.J., Openshaw P.J.M., Askonsas B.A. Cytotoxic T cells clear virus but augment lung pathology in mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1988, 168:1163-1168.
44. Alwan W.H., Kozlowska W.J., Openshaw P.J.M. Distinct types of lung disease caused by functional subsets of antiviral T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1994, 179:81-89.
45. Anderson L.J., Hierholzer J.C., Tsou C., Hendry R.M., Fernie B.F., Stone Y., McIntosh K. Antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1985, 151:626-633.
46. Mufson M.A., Belshe R.B., Orvell C., Norrby E. Subgroup characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus strains recovered from children with two consecutive infections. Journal of Clinical of Microbiology 1987, 25:1535-1539.
47. Peret T.C.T., Hall C.B., Schnable K.C., Golum J.A., Anderson L.J. Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community. Journal of General Virology 1998, 79:2221-2229.
48. Johnson P.R., Olmsted R.A., Prince G.A., Murphy B.R., Alling D.W., Walsh E.E., Collins P.L. Antigenic relatedness between glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B: Evaluation of the contributions of F and G glycoproteins to immunity. Journal of Virology 1987, 61:3163-3166.
49. Muelenaer P.M., Henderson F.W., Hemming V.G., Walsh E.E., Anderson L.J., Prince G.A., Murphy B.R. Group-specific serum antibody responses in children with primary and recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1991, 164:15-21.
50. Hendry R.M., Burns J.C., Walsh E.E., Graham B.S., Wright P.F., Hemming V.G., Ridriquez W.J., Kim H.W., Prince G.A., McIntosh K., Chanock R.M., Murphy B.R. Strain-specific serum antibody responses in infants undergoing primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1988, 157:640-647.
51. Sande C.J., Mutunga M.N., Medley G.F., Cane P.A., Nokes D.J. Group- and genotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses against respiratory syncytial virus in infants and young children with severe pneumonia. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2013, 207:489-492.
52. Sullender W. Antigenic analysis of chimeric and truncated G proteins of respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 1995, 209:70-79.
53. Scott P.D., Ochola R., Ngama M., Okiro E.A., Nokes D.J., Medley G.F., Cane P.A. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in Kilifi district, Kenya. Journal of Medical Virology 2004, 74:344-354.
54. Walsh E.E., McConnochie K.M., Long C.E., Hall C.B. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997, 175:814-820.
55. Hall C.B., Walsh E.E., Schnabel K.C., Long C.E., McConnochie K.M., Hildreth S.W., Anderson L.J. Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1990, 162:1283-1290.
56. Martinello R.A., Chen M.D., Weibel C., Kahn J.S. Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002, 186:839-842.
57. Levitz R., Wattier R., Phillips P., Solomon A., Lawler J., Lazar I., Weibel C., Kahn J.S. Induction of IL-6 and CCL5 (RANTES) in human respiratory epithelial (A549) cells by clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus is strain specific. Virology Journal 2012, 9:190.
58. Villenave R., O'Donoghue D., Thavagnanam S., Touzelet O., Skibinski G., Heaney L.G., McKaigue J.P., Coyle P.V., Shields M.D., Power U.F. Differential cytopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus prototypic and clinical isolates in primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells. Virology Journal 2011, 8:43.
59. Villenave R., Thavagnanam S., Sarlang S., Parker J., Douglas I., Skibinski G., Heaney L.G., McKaigue J.P., Coyle P.V., Shields M.D., Power U.F. In vitro modeling of respiratory syncytial virus infection of pediatric bronchial epithelium, the primary target of infection in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012, 109:5040-5045.
60. Lukacs N.W., Moore M.L., Rudd B.D., Berlin A.A., Collins R.D., Olson S.J., Ho S.B., Peebles R.S. Differential immune responses and pulmonary pathophysiology are induced by two different strains of respiratory syncytial virus. American Journal of Pathology 2006, 169:977-986.
61. Moore M.L., Chi M.H., Luongo C., Lukacs N.W., Polosukhin V.V., Huckabee M.M., Newcomb D.C., Buchholz U.J., Crowe J.E., Goleniewska K., Williams J.V., Collins P.L., Peebles R.S. A chimeric A2 strain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with the fusion protein of RSV strain line 19 exhibits enhanced viral load, mucus, and airway dysfunction. Journal of Virology 2009, 83:4185-4194.
62. Stokes K.L., Chi M.H., Sakamoto K., Newcomb D.C., Currier M.G., Huckabee M.M., Lee S., Goleniewska K., Pretto C., Williams J.V., Hotard A., Sherrill T.P., Peebles R.S., Moore M.L. Differential pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus clinical isolates in BALB/c mice. Journal of Virology 2011, 85:5782-5793.
63. Swedan S., Musiyenko A., Barik S. Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins decrease levels of multiple members of the cellular interferon pathways. Journal of Virology 2009, 83:9682-9693.
64. Swedan S., Andrews J., Majumdar T., Musiyenko A., Barik S. Multiple functional domains and complexes of the two nonstructural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus contribute to interferon suppression and cellular location. Journal of Virology 2011, 85:10090-10100.
65. Ren J., Liu T., Pang L., Li K., Garofalo R.P., Casola A., Bao X. A novel mechanism for the inhibition of interferon regulatory factor-3-dependent gene expression by human respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein. Journal of General Virology 2011, 92:2153-2159.
66. Kotelkin A., Belyakov I.M., Yang L., Berzofsky J.A., Collins P.L., Bukreyev A. The NS2 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus suppresses the cytotoxic T-cell response as a consequence of suppressing the type I interferon response. Journal of Virology 2006, 80:5958-5967.
67. Bitko V., Shulyayeva O., Mazumder B., Musiyenko A., Ramaswamy M., Look D.C., Barik S. Nonstructural proteins of respiratory syncytial virus suppress premature apoptosis by an NF-kappaB-dependent, interferon-independent mechanism and facilitate virus growth. Journal of Virology 2007, 81:1786-1795.
68. Munir S., Hillyer P., Le Nouen C., Buchholz U.J., Rabin R.L., Collins P.L., Bukreyev A. Respiratory syncytial virus interferon antagonist NS1 protein suppresses and skews the human T lymphocyte response. PLOS Pathogens 2011, 7:e1001336.
69. Groskreutz D.J., Babor E.C., Monick M.M., Varga S.M., Hunninghake G.W. Respiratory syncytial virus limits alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha) phosphorylation to maintain translation and viral replication. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010, 285:24023-24031.
70. Melero J.A., Garcia-Barreno B., Martinez I., Pringle C.R., Cane P.A. Antigenic structure, evolution and immunobiology of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (G) protein. Journal of General Virology 1997, 78:2411-2418.
71. Collins P.L., Crowe J.E. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. Fields Virology 2007, 1601-1646. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. 5th ed. D.M. Knipe, D.E. Griffin, R.A. Lamb, A. et (Eds.).
72. Trento A., Casas I., Calderon A., Garcia-Garcia M.L., Calvo C., Perez-Brena P., Melero J.A. Ten years of global evolution of the human respiratory syncytial virus BA genotype with a 60-nucleotide duplication in the G protein gene. Journal of Virology 2010, 84:7500-7512.
73. Feldman S.A., Hendry R.M., Beeler J.A. Identification of a linear heparin binding domain for human respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein G. Journal of Virology 1999, 73:6610-6617.
74. Roberts S.R., Lichtenstein D., Ball L.A., Wertz G.W. The membrane-associated and secreted forms of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein G are synthesized from alternative initiation codons. Journal of Virology 1994, 68:4538-4546.
75. Bukreyev A., Yang L., Fricke J., Cheng L., Ward J.M., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. The secreted form of respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein helps the virus evade antibody-mediated restriction of replication by acting as an antigen decoy and through effects on Fc receptor-bearing leukocytes. Journal of Virology 2008, 82:12191-12204.
76. Tripp R., Jones L., Haynes L., Zheng H., Murphy P., Anderson L. CX3C chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus G protein. Nature Immunology 2001, 2:732-738.
77. Tripp R.A., Dakhama A., Jones L.P., Barskey A., Gelfand E.W., Anderson L.J. Respiratory syncytial virus depressses respiratory rates through the G glycoprotein CX3C motif and substance P. Journal of Virology 2003, 77:6580-6584.
78. Haynes L.M., Jones L.P., Barskey A., Anderson L.J., Tripp R.A. Enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia associated with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccination are linked to G glycoprotein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction and expression of substance P. Journal of Virology 2003, 77:9831-9844.
79. Tebbey P., Hagen M., Hancock G. Atypical pulmonary eosinophilia is mediated by a specific amino acid sequence of the attachment (G) protein of respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1998, 188:1967-1972.
80. Sparer T.E., Matthews S., Hussell T., Rae A.J., Garcia-Barreno B., Melero J.A., Openshaw P.J.M. Eliminating a region of respiratory synctial virus attachment protein allows induction of protective immunity without vaccine-enhanced lung eosinophilia. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1998, 187:1921-1926.
81. Varga S.M., Wissinger E.L., Braciale T.J. The attachment (G) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus contains a single immunodominant epitope that elicits both Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses. Journal of Immunology 2000, 165:6487-6495.
82. Vargas S.O., French C.A., Faul P.N., Fletcher J.A., Davis I.J., Dal Cin P., Perez-Atayde A.R. Upper respiratory tract carcinoma with chromosomal translocation 15;19: evidence for a distinct disease entity of young patients with a rapidly fatal course. Cancer 2001, 92:1195-1203.
83. Johnson T.R., Varga S.M., Braciale T.J., Graham B.S. Vbeta14(+) T cells mediate the vaccine-enhanced disease induced by immunization with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G glycoprotein but not with formalin-inactivated RSV. Journal of Virology 2004, 78:8753-8760.
84. Melendi G.A., Bridget D., Monsalvo A.C., Laham F.F., Acosta P., Delgado M.F., Polack F.P., Irusta P.M. Conserved cysteine residues within the attachment G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus play a critical role in the enhancement of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Virus Genes 2011, 42:46-54.
85. Bukreyev A., Serra M.E., Laham F.R., Melendi G.A., Kleeberger S.R., Collins P.L., Polack F.P. The cysteine-rich region and secreted form of the attachment G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus enhance the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response despite lacking major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted epitopes. Journal of Virology 2006, 80:5854-5861.
86. Harcourt J., Alvarez R., Jones L.P., Henderson C., Anderson L.J., Tripp R.A. Respiratory syncytial virus G protein and G protein CX3C motif adversely affect CX3CR1+ T cell responses. Journal of Immunology 2006, 176:1600-1608.
87. Tripp R.A., Jones L., Anderson L.J. Respiratory syncytial virus G and/or SH glycoproteins modify CC and CXC chemokine expression in the BALB/c mouse. Journal of Virology 2000, 74:6227-6229.
88. Tripp R.A., Moore D., Winter J., Anderson L.J. Respiratory syncytial virus infection and G and/or SH protein expression contribute to substance P, which mediates inflammation and enhanced pulmonary disease in BALB/c mice. Journal of Virology 2000, 74:1614-1622.
89. Tripp R.A., Moore D., Jones L., Sullender W., Winter J., Anderson L.J. Respiratory syncytial virus G and/or SH protein alters Th1 cytokines, natural killer cells, and neutrophils responding to pulmonary infection in BALB/c mice. Journal of Virology 1999, 73:7099-7107.
90. Arnold R., Konig B., Werchau H., Konig W. Respiratory syncytial virus deficient in soluble G protein induced an increased proinflammatory response in human lung epithelial cells. Virology 2004, 330:384-397.
91. Oshansky C.M., Barber J.P., Crabtree J., Tripp R.A. Respiratory syncytial virus F and G proteins induce interleukin 1alpha, CC, and CXC chemokine responses by normal human bronchoepithelial cells. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010, 201:1201-1207.
92. Polack F.P., Irusta P.M., Hoffman S.J., Schiatti M.P., Melendi G.A., Delgado M.F., Laham F.R., Thumar B., Hendry R.M., Melero J.A., Karron R.A., Collins P.L., Kleeberger S.R. The cysteine-rich region of respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein inhibits innate immunity elicited by the virus and endotoxin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005, 102:8996-9001.
93. Haynes L.M., Caidi H., Radu G.U., Miao C., Harcourt J.L., Tripp R.A., Anderson L.J. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody treatment targeting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein mediates viral clearance and reduces the pathogenesis of RSV infection in BALB/c mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009, 200:439-447.
94. Miao C., Radu G.U., Caidi H., Tripp R.A., Anderson L.J., Haynes L.M. Treatment with respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein monoclonal antibody or F(ab')2 components mediates reduced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Journal of General Virology 2009, 90:1119-1123.
95. Radu G.U., Caidi H., Miao C., Tripp R.A., Anderson L.J., Haynes L.M. Prophylactic treatment with a G glycoprotein monoclonal antibody reduces pulmonary inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-challenged naive and formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice. Journal of Virology 2010, 84:9632-9636.
96. Johnson T.R., Johnson J.E., Roberts S.R., Wertz G.W., Parker R.L., Graham B.S. Priming with secreted glycoprotein G of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) augments interleukin-5 production and tissue eosinophilia after RSV challenge. Journal of Virology 1998, 72:2871-2880.
97. Elango N., Prince G.A., Murphy B.R., Venkatesan S., Chanock R.M., Moss B. Resistance to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induced by immunization of cotton rats with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the RSV G glycoprotein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986, 83:1906-1910.
98. Nguyen T.N., Power U.F., Robert A., Haeuw J.F., Helffer K., Perez A., Asin M.A., Corvaia N., Libon C. The respiratory syncytial virus G protein conserved domain induces a persistent and protective antibody response in rodents. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e34331.
99. Power U.F., Nguyen T.N., Rietveld E., de Swart R.L., Groen J., Osterhaus A.D., de Groot R., Corvaia N., Beck A., Bouveret-Le-Cam N., Bonnefoy J.Y. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (BBG2Na) in healthy young adults. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001, 184:1456-1460.
100. Feldman S.A., Audet S., Beeler J.A. The fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus facilitates virus attachment and infectivity via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. Journal of Virology 2000, 74:6442-6447.
101. Zhao X., Singh M., Malashkevich V.N., Kim P.S. Structural characterization of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein core. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000, 97:14172-14177.
102. Magro M., Andreu D., Gomez-Puertas P., Melero J.A., Palomo C. Neutralization of human respiratory syncytial virus infectivity by antibodies and low-molecular-weight compounds targeted against the fusion glycoprotein. Journal of Virology 2010, 84:7970-7982.
103. McLellan J.S., Yang Y., Graham B.S., Kwong P.D. Structure of respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein in the postfusion conformation reveals preservation of neutralizing epitopes. Journal of Virology 2011, 85:7788-7796.
104. Chaiwatpongsakorn S., Epand R.F., Collins P.L., Epand R.M., Peeples M.E. Soluble respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in the fully cleaved, pretriggered state is triggered by exposure to low-molarity buffer. Journal of Virology 2011, 85:3968-3977.
105. Tayyari F., Marchant D., Moraes T.J., Duan W., Mastrangelo P., Hegele R.G. Identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus. Nature Medicine 2011, 17:1132-1135.
106. Kurt-Jones E.A., Popova L., Kwinn L., Haynes L.M., Jones L.P., Tripp R.A., Walsh E.E., Freeman M.W., Golenbock G.T., Anderson L.J., Finberg R.W. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nature Immunology 2000, 1:398-401.
107. Schlender J., Walliser G., Fricke J., Conzelmann K.K. Respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mediates inhibition of mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation by contact. Journal of Virology 2002, 76:1163-1170.
108. Habibi M.S., Openshaw P.J. Benefit and harm from immunity to respiratory syncytial virus: implications for treatment. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2012, 25:687-694.
109. Bont L. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2009, 634:31-40.
110. Olson M.R., Varga S.M. Pulmonary immunity and immunopathology: lessons from respiratory syncytial virus. Expert Review of Vaccines 2008, 7:1239-1255.
111. Oshansky C.M., Zhang W., Moore E., Tripp R.A. The host response and molecular pathogenesis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Future Microbiology 2009, 4:279-297.
112. Waris M.E., Tsou C., Erdman D.D., Zaki S.R., Anderson L.J. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in BALB/c mice previously immunized with formalin-inactivated virus induces enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response with a Th2-like cytokine pattern. Journal of Virology 1996, 70:2852-2860.
113. De Swart R.L., Kuiken T., Timmerman H.H., van Amerongen G., Van Den Hoogen B.G., Vos H.W., Neijens H.J., Andeweg A.C., Osterhaus A.D. Immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces interleukin-13-associated hypersensitivity to subsequent RSV infection. Journal of Virology 2002, 76:11561-11569.
114. Connors M., Giese N.A., Kulkarni A.B., Firestone C-Y., Morse H.C., Murphy B.R. Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of Interleukin (IL-4) and IL-10. Journal of Virology 1994, 68:5321-5325.
115. Graham B.S., Henderson G.S., Tang Y-W., Lu X., Neuzil K.M., Colley D.G. Priming immunization determines T helper cytokine mRNA expression patterns in lungs of mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Immunology 1993, 151:2032-2040.
116. Polack F.P., Teng M.N., Collins P.L., Prince G.A., Exner M., Regele H., Lirman D.D., Rabold R., Hoffman S.J., Karp C.L., Kleeberger S.R., Wills-Karp M., Karron R.A. A role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2002, 196:859-865.
117. Murphy B.R., Prince G.A., Walsh E.E., Kim H.W., Parrott R.H., Hemming V.G., Rodriguez W.J., Chanock R.M. Dissociation between serum neutralizing and glycoprotein antibody responses of infants and children who received inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. Journal of Clinical of Microbiology 1986, 24:197-202.
118. Murphy B.R., Walsh E.E. Formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces antibodies to the fusion glycoprotein that are deficient in fusion-inhibiting activity. Journal of Clinical of Microbiology 1988, 26:1595-1597.
119. Delgado M.F., Coviello S., Monsalvo A.C., Melendi G.A., Hernandez J.Z., Batalle J.P., Diaz L., Trento A., Chang H.Y., Mitzner W., Ravetch J., Melero J.A., Irusta P.M., Polack F.P. Lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor Toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. Nature Medicine 2009, 15:34-41.
120. Moghaddam A., Olszewska W., Wang B., Tregoning J.S., Helson R., Sattentau Q.J., Openshaw P.J. A potential molecular mechanism for hypersensitivity caused by formalin-inactivated vaccines. Nature Medicine 2006, 12:905-907.
121. Amanatidou V., Apostolakis S., Spandidos D.A. Genetic diversity of the host and severe respiratory syncytial virus-induced lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2009, 28:135-140.
122. Rothoeft T., Fischer K., Zawatzki S., Schulz V., Schauer U., Korner Rettberg C. Differential response of human naive and memory/effector T cells to dendritic cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2007, 150:263-273.
123. Chi B., Dickensheets H.L., Spann K.M., Alston M.A., Luongo C., Dumoutier L., Huang J., Renauld J.C., Kotenko S.V., Roederer M., Beeler J.A., Donnelly R.P., Collins P.L., Rabin R.L. Alpha and lambda interferon together mediate suppression of CD4T cells induced by respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Virology 2006, 80:5032-5040.
124. Heidema J., de Bree G.J., De Graaff P.M., van Maren W.W., Hoogerhout P., Out T.A., Kimpen J.L., van Bleek G.M. Human CD8(+) T cell responses against five newly identified respiratory syncytial virus-derived epitopes. Journal of General Virology 2004, 85:2365-2374.
125. Preston F.M., Beier P.L., Pope J.H. Infectious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) effectively inhibits the proliferative T cell response to inactivated RSV in vitro. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1992, 165:819-825.
126. Bartz H., Turkel O., Hoffjan S., Rothoeft T., Gonschorek A., Schauer U. Respiratory syncytial virus decreases the capacity of myeloid dendritic cells to induce interferon-gamma in naive T cells. Immunology 2003, 109:49-57.
127. Le Nouen C., Hillyer P., Munir S., Winter C.C., McCarty T., Bukreyev A., Collins P.L., Rabin R.L., Buchholz U.J. Effects of human respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 3 and influenza virus on CD4+ T cell activation by dendritic cells. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e15017.
128. Gonzalez I.M., Karron R.A., Eichelberger M., Walsh E.E., Delagarza V.W., Bennett R., Chanock R.M., Murphy B.R., Clements-Mann M.L., Falsey A.R. Evaluation of the live attenuated cpts 248/404 RSV vaccine in combination with a subunit RSV vaccine (PFP-2) in healthy young and older adults. Vaccine 2000, 18:1763-1772.
129. Wright P.F., Karron R.A., Madhi S.A., Treanor J.J., King J.C., O'Shea A., Ikizler M.R., Zhu Y., Collins P.L., Cutland C., Randolph V.B., Deatly A.M., Hackell J.G., Gruber W.C., Murphy B.R. The interferon antagonist NS2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus is an important virulence determinant for humans. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006, 193:573-581.
130. Friedewald W.T., Forsyth B.R., Smith C.B., Gharpure M.A., Chanock R.M. Low-temperature-grown RS virus in adult volunteers. Journal of the American Medical Association 1968, 204:690-694.
131. Gharpure M.A., Wright P.F., Chanock R.M. Temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Virology 1969, 3:414-421.
132. McKay E., Higgins P., Tyrrell D., Pringle C. Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of temperature-sensitive modified respiratory syncytial virus in adult volunteers. Journal of Medical Virology 1988, 25:411-421.
133. Crowe J.E., Bui P.T., Davis A.R., Chanock R.M., Murphy B.R. A further attenuated derivative of a cold-passaged temperature-sensitive mutant of human respiratory syncytial virus retains immunogenicity and protective efficacy against wild-type challenge in seronegative chimpanzees. Vaccine 1994, 12:783-790.
134. Crowe J.E., Bui P.T., London W.T., Davis A.R., Hung P.P., Chanock R.M., Murphy B.R. Satisfactorily attenuated and protective mutants derived from a partially attenuated cold-passaged respiratory syncytial virus mutant by introduction of additional attenuating mutations during chemical mutagenesis. Vaccine 1994, 12:691-700.
135. Crowe J.E., Bui P.T., Siber G.R., Elkins W.R., Chanock R.M., Murphy B.R. Cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are higly attenuated, immunogenic, and protective in seronegative chimpanzees, even when RSV antibodies are infused shortly before immunization. Vaccine 1995, 13:847-855.
136. Karron R.A., Bounagurio D.A., Georgiu A.F., Whitehead S.S., Adamus J.E., Clements-Mann M.L., Harris D.O., Randolph V.B., Udem S.A., Murphy B.R., Sidhu M.S. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) SH and G proteins are not essential for viral replication in vitro: Clinical evaluation and molecular characterization of a cold-passaged, attenuated RSV subgroup B mutant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997, 94:13961-13966.
137. Wright P.F., Karron R.A., Belshe R.B., Thompson J., Crowe J.E., Boyce T., Halburnt L.L., Reed G.W., Whitehead S.S., Anderson E., Wittek A., Casey R., Eichelberger M., Thumar B., Randolph V.B., Udem S.A., Chanock R.M., Murphy B.R. Evaluation of live, cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive, respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate in infancy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2000, 182:1331-1342.
138. Pringle C.R., Filipiuk A.H., Robinson B.S., Watt P.J., Higgins P., Tyrrell D.A. Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of a triple temperature-sensitive modified respiratory syncytial virus in adult volunteers. Vaccine 1993, 11:473-478.
139. Kim H.W., Arrobio J.O., Brandt C.D., Wright P., Hodes D., Chanock R.M., Parrott R.H. Safety and antigenicity of temperature sensitive (TS) mutant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and children. Pediatrics 1973, 52:56-63.
140. Wright P.F., Belshe R.B., Kim H.W., Van Voris L.P., Chanock R.M. Administration of a highly attenuated, live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine to adults and children. Infection and Immunity 1982, 37:397-400.
141. Wright P.F., Shinozaki T., Fleet W., Sell S.H., Thompson J., Karzon D.T. Evaluation of a live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in infants. Journal of Pediatrics 1976, 88:931-936.
142. Collins P.L., Hill M.G., Camargo E., Grosfeld H., Chanock R.M. Production of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cDNA confirms an essential role for the transcription elongation factor from the 5' proximal open reading frame of the M2 mRNA in gene expression and provides a capability for vaccine development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995, 92:11563-11567.
143. Collins P.L., Murphy B.R. New generation live vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus designed by reverse genetics. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2005, 2:166-173.
144. Jin H., Zhou H., Cheng X., Tang R., Munoz M., Nguyen N. Recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with deletions in the NS1, NS2, SH, and M2-2 genes are attenuated in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2000, 273:210-218.
145. Teng M.N., Whitehead S.S., Collins P.L. Contribution of the respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein and its secreted and membrane-bound forms to virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2001, 289:283-296.
146. Karron R.A., Wright P.F., Belshe R.B., Thumar B., Casey R., Newman F., Polack F.P., Randolph V.B., Deatly A., Hackell J., Gruber W., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. Identification of a recombinant live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate that is highly attenuated in infants. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005, 191:1093-1104.
147. Jin H., Cheng X., Traina-Dorge V.L., Park H.J., Zhou H., Soike K., Kemble G. Evaluation of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus gene deletion mutants in African green monkeys for their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. Vaccine 2003, 21:3647-3652.
148. Whitehead S.S., Bukreyev A., Teng M.N., Firestone C.Y., St Claire M., Elkins W.R., Collins P.L., Murphy B.R. Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus bearing a deletion of either the NS2 or SH gene is attenuated in chimpanzees. Journal of Virology 1999, 73:3438-3442.
149. Teng M.N., Whitehead S.S., Bermingham A., St Claire M., Elkins W.R., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus that does not express the NS1 or M2-2 protein is highly attenuated and immunogenic in chimpanzees. Journal of Virology 2000, 74:9317-9321.
150. Luongo C., Winter C.C., Collins P.L., Buchholz U.J. Respiratory syncytial virus modified by deletions of the NS2 gene and amino acid S1313 of the l polymerase protein is a temperature-sensitive, live-attenuated vaccine candidate that is phenotypically stable at physiological temperature. Journal of Virology 2013, 87:1985-1996.
151. Bermingham A., Collins P.L. The M2-2 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is a regulatory factor involved in the balance between RNA replication and transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999, 96:11259-11264.
152. Valarcher J.F., Furze J., Wyld S., Cook R., Conzelmann K.K., Taylor G. Role of alpha/beta interferons in the attenuation and immunogenicity of recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial viruses lacking NS proteins. Journal of Virology 2003, 77:8426-8439.
153. Krempl C., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus with the G and F genes shifted to the promoter-proximal positions. Journal of Virology 2002, 76:11931-11942.
154. Luongo C., Winter C.C., Collins P.L., Buchholz U.J. Increased genetic and phenotypic stability of a promising live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate by reverse genetics. Journal of Virology 2012, 86:10792-10804.
155. Schmidt A.C., McAuliffe J.M., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. Recombinant bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (B/HPIV3) expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G and F proteins can be used to achieve simultaneous mucosal immunization against RSV and HPIV3. Journal of Virology 2001, 75:4594-4603.
156. Bernstein D.I., Malkin E., Abughali N., Falloon J., Yi T., Dubovsky F. Phase 1 study of the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine in seronegative children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2012, 31:109-114.
157. Jones B.G., Sealy R.E., Rudraraju R., Traina-Dorge V.L., Finneyfrock B., Cook A., Takimoto T., Portner A., Hurwitz J.L. Sendai virus-based RSV vaccine protects African green monkeys from RSV infection. Vaccine 2012, 30:959-968.
158. de Waal L., Wyatt L.S., Yuksel S., van Amerongen G., Moss B., Niesters H.G., Osterhaus A.D., de Swart R.L. Vaccination of infant macaques with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the respiratory syncytial virus F and G genes does not predispose for immunopathology. Vaccine 2004, 22:923-926.
159. Kohlmann R., Schwannecke S., Tippler B., Ternette N., Temchura V.V., Tenbusch M., Uberla K., Grunwald T. Protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector vaccine encoding the codon-optimized F protein of respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Virology 2009, 83:12601-12610.
160. Kim S., Jang J.E., Yu J.R., Chang J. Single mucosal immunization of recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine expressing F1 protein fragment induces protective mucosal immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection. Vaccine 2010, 28:3801-3808.
161. Johnson J.E., McNeil L.K., Megati S., Witko S.E., Roopchand V.S., Obregon J.H., Illenberger D.M., Kotash C.S., Nowak R.M., Braunstein E., Yurgelonis I., Jansen K.U., Kalyan N.K., Sidhu M.K. Non-propagating, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors encoding respiratory syncytial virus proteins generate potent humoral and cellular immunity against RSV and are protective in mice. Immunology Letters 2012.
162. Chen M., Hu K.F., Rozell B., Orvell C., Morein B., Liljestrom P. Vaccination with recombinant alphavirus or immune-stimulating complex antigen against respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Immunology 2002, 169:3208-3216.
163. Mok H., Lee S., Utley T.J., Shepherd B.E., Polosukhin V.V., Collier M.L., Davis N.L., Johnston R.E., Crowe J.E. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles encoding respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins induce protective mucosal responses in mice and cotton rats. Journal of Virology 2007, 81:13710-13722.
164. Bueno S.M., Gonzalez P.A., Cautivo K.M., Mora J.E., Leiva E.D., Tobar H.E., Fennelly G.J., Eugenin E.A., Jacobs W.R., Riedel C.A., Kalergis A.M. Protective T cell immunity against respiratory syncytial virus is efficiently induced by recombinant BCG. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008, 105:20822-20827.
165. Fu Y.H., He J.S., Wang X.B., Zheng X.X., Wu Q., Xie C., Zhang M., Wei W., Tang Q., Song J.D., Qu J.G., Hong T. A prime-boost vaccination strategy using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector elicits protective immunity against human respiratory syncytial virus. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2010, 395:87-92.
166. Falcone V., Mihm D., Neumann-Haefelin D., Costa C., Nguyen T., Pozzi G., Ricci S. Systemic and mucosal immunity to respiratory syncytial virus induced by recombinant Streptococcus gordonii surface-displaying a domain of viral glycoprotein G. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2006, 48:116-122.
167. Vaughan K., Rhodes G.H., Gershwin L.J. DNA immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infant rhesus monkeys. Vaccine 2005, 23:2928-2942.
168. Graham B.S., Kines R.C., Corbett K.S., Nicewonger J., Johnson T.R., Chen M., LaVigne D., Roberts J.N., Cuburu N., Schiller J.T., Buck C.B. Mucosal delivery of human papillomavirus pseudovirus-encapsidated plasmids improves the potency of DNA vaccination. Mucosal Immunology 2010, 3:475-486.
169. Boyoglu S., Vig K., Pillai S., Rangari V., Dennis V.A., Khazi F., Singh S.R. Enhanced delivery and expression of a nanoencapsulated DNA vaccine vector for respiratory syncytial virus. Nanomedicine 2009, 5:463-472.
170. Piedra P.A., Cron S.G., Jewell A., Hamblett N., McBride R., Palacio M.A., Ginsberg R., Oermann C.M., Hiatt P.W. Immunogenicity of a new purified fusion protein vaccine to respiratory syncytial virus: a multi-center trial in children with cystic fibrosis. Vaccine 2003, 21:2448-2460.
171. Groothuis J., King S., Hogerman D., Paradiso P., Simoes E. Safety and immunogenicity of a purified F protein respiratory syncytial virus (PFP-2) vaccine in seropositive children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1998, 177:467-469.
172. Piedra P.A., Glezen W.P., Kasel J.A., Welliver R.C., Jewel A.M., Rayford Y., Hogerman D.A., Hildreth S.W., Paradiso P.R. Safety and immunogenicity of the PFP vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): the western blot assay aids in distinguishing immune responses of the PFP vaccine from RSV infection. Vaccine 1995, 13:1095-1101.
173. Tristram D.A., Welliver R.C., Mohar C.K., Hogerman D.A., Hildreth S.W., Paradiso P. Immunogenicity and safety of respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine in seropositive children 18-36 months old. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1993, 167:191-195.
174. Paradiso P.R., Hildreth S.W., Hogerman D.A., Speelman D.J., Lewin E.B., Oren J., Smith D.H. Safety and immunogenicity of a subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in children 24 to 48 months old. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1994, 13:792-798.
175. Belshe R.B., Anderson E.L., Walsh E.E. Immunogenicity of purified F glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus: clinical and immune response to subsequent natural infection in children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1993, 168:1024-1029.
176. Tristram D., Welliver R., Hogerman D., Hildreth S., Paradiso P. Second-year surveillance of recipients of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein subunit vaccine, PFP-1: Evaluation of antibody persistence and possible disease enhancement. Vaccine 1994, 12:551-556.
177. Munoz F.M., Piedra P.A., Glezen W.P. Safety and immunogenicity of respiratory syncytial virus purified fusion protein-2 vaccine in pregnant women. Vaccine 2003, 21:3465-3467.
178. Falsey A., Walsh E. Safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine (PFP-2) in ambulatory adults over age 60. Vaccine 1996, 14:1214-1218.
179. Falsey A., Walsh E. Safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine (PFP-2) in the institutionalized elderly. Vaccine 1997, 15:1130-1132.
180. Falsey A.R., Walsh E.E., Capellan J., Gravenstein S., Zambon M., Yau E., Gorse G.J., Edelman R., Hayden F.G., McElhaney J.E., Neuzil K.M., Nichol K.L., Simoes E.A., Wright P.F., Sales V.M. Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of 2 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines-nonadjuvanted vaccine or vaccine adjuvanted with alum-given concomitantly with influenza vaccine to high-risk elderly individuals. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008, 198:1317-1326.
181. Power U.F. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines-two steps back for one leap forward. Journal of Clinical Virology 2008, 41:38-44.
182. Plotnicky-Gilquin H., Huss T., Aubry J.P., Haeuw J.F., Beck A., Bonnefoy J.Y., Nguyen T.N., Power U.F. Absence of lung immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge in mice immunized with a recombinant RSV G protein fragment. Virology 1999, 258:128-140.
183. Zhang W., Choi Y., Haynes L.M., Harcourt J.L., Anderson L.J., Jones L.P., Tripp R.A. Vaccination to induce antibodies blocking the CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction of respiratory syncytial virus G protein reduces pulmonary inflammation and virus replication in mice. Journal of Virology 2010, 84:1148-1157.
184. Choi Y., Mason C.S., Jones L.P., Crabtree J., Jorquera P.A., Tripp R.A. Antibodies to the central conserved region of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein block RSV G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 binding and cross-neutralize RSV A and B strains. Viral Immunology 2012, 25:193-203.
185. Murawski M.R., McGinnes L.W., Finberg R.W., Kurt-Jones E.A., Massare M.J., Smith G., Heaton P.M., Fraire A.E., Morrison T.G. Newcastle disease virus-like particles containing respiratory syncytial virus G protein induced protection in BALB/c mice, with no evidence of immunopathology. Journal of Virology 2010, 84:1110-1123.
186. McGinnes L.W., Gravel K.A., Finberg R.W., Kurt-Jones E.A., Massare M.J., Smith G., Schmidt M.R., Morrison T.G. Assembly and immunological properties of Newcastle disease virus-like particles containing the respiratory syncytial virus F and G proteins. Journal of Virology 2011, 85:366-377.
187. Quan F.S., Kim Y., Lee S., Yi H., Kang S.M., Bozja J., Moore M.L., Compans R.W. Viruslike particle vaccine induces protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2011, 204:987-995.
188. Schmidt M.R., McGinnes L.W., Kenward S.A., Willems K.N., Woodland R.T., Morrison T.G. Long-term and memory immune responses in mice against Newcastle disease virus-like particles containing respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein ectodomains. Journal of Virology 2012, 86:11654-11662.
189. Smith G., Raghunandan R., Wu Y., Liu Y., Massare M., Nathan M., Zhou B., Lu H., Boddapati S., Li J., Flyer D., Glenn G. Respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein expressed in insect cells form protein nanoparticles that induce protective immunity in cotton rats. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e50852.
190. Glenn G.M., Smith G., Fries L., Raghunandan R., Lu H., Zhou B., Thomas D.N., Hickman S.P., Kpamegan E., Boddapati S., Piedra P.A. Safety and immunogenicity of a Sf9 insect cell-derived respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein nanoparticle vaccine. Vaccine 2013, 31:524-532.
191. Kamphuis T., Meijerhof T., Stegmann T., Lederhofer J., Wilschut J., de Haan A. Immunogenicity and protective capacity of a virosomal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A in mice. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e36812.
192. Piedra P.A., Wyde P.R., Castleman W.L., Ambrose M.W., Jewell A.M., Speelman D.J., Hildreth S.W. Enhanced pulmonary pathology associated with the use of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in cotton rats is not a unique viral phenomenon. Vaccine 1993, 11:1415-1423.