메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 3205-3219

Utilizing in vitro and PBPK tools to link ADME characteristics to plasma profiles: Case example nifedipine immediate release formulation

Author keywords

Absorption; Bioavailability; Computational ADME; Cytochrome P450; Dissolution; Drug metabolizing enzymes; First pass metabolism; Pharmacokinetics; Quality by design (QbD)

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME P450 3A; NIFEDIPINE;

EID: 84881610739     PISSN: 00223549     EISSN: 15206017     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jps.23611     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 51649104303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards quantitative prediction of oral drug absorption
    • Dressman JB, Thelen K, Jantratid E. 2008. Towards quantitative prediction of oral drug absorption. Clin Pharmacokinet 47(10):655-667.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.47 , Issue.10 , pp. 655-667
    • Dressman, J.B.1    Thelen, K.2    Jantratid, E.3
  • 4
    • 0028113492 scopus 로고
    • Interpatient heterogeneity in expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in small bowel. Lack of prediction by the erythromycin breath test
    • Lown KS, Kolars JC, Thummel KE, Barnett JL, Kunze KL, Wrighton SA, Watkins PB. 1994. Interpatient heterogeneity in expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in small bowel. Lack of prediction by the erythromycin breath test. Drug Metab Dispos 22(6):947-955.
    • (1994) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 947-955
    • Lown, K.S.1    Kolars, J.C.2    Thummel, K.E.3    Barnett, J.L.4    Kunze, K.L.5    Wrighton, S.A.6    Watkins, P.B.7
  • 5
    • 0028153858 scopus 로고
    • Grapefruit juice and drugs. How significant is the interaction?
    • Bailey DG, Arnold JM, Spence JD. 1994. Grapefruit juice and drugs. How significant is the interaction? Clin Pharmacokinet 26(2):91-98.
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-98
    • Bailey, D.G.1    Arnold, J.M.2    Spence, J.D.3
  • 7
    • 0026099498 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of citrus juices with felodipine and nifedipine
    • Bailey DG, Spence JD, Munoz C, Arnold JM. 1991. Interaction of citrus juices with felodipine and nifedipine. Lancet 337(8736):268-269.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , Issue.8736 , pp. 268-269
    • Bailey, D.G.1    Spence, J.D.2    Munoz, C.3    Arnold, J.M.4
  • 8
    • 0033831256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-grapefruit juice interactions
    • Kane GC, Lipsky JJ. 2000. Drug-grapefruit juice interactions. Mayo Clin Proc 75(9):933-942.
    • (2000) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.75 , Issue.9 , pp. 933-942
    • Kane, G.C.1    Lipsky, J.J.2
  • 10
    • 0028828376 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between time of intake of grapefruit juice and its effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of felodipine in healthy subjects
    • Lundahl J, Regardh CG, Edgar B, Johnsson G. 1995. Relationship between time of intake of grapefruit juice and its effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of felodipine in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 49(1-2):61-67.
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-67
    • Lundahl, J.1    Regardh, C.G.2    Edgar, B.3    Johnsson, G.4
  • 14
    • 33745256217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of grapefruit juice and calcium channel blockers
    • Sica DA. 2006. Interaction of grapefruit juice and calcium channel blockers. Am J Hypertens 19(7):768-773.
    • (2006) Am J Hypertens , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 768-773
    • Sica, D.A.1
  • 15
    • 0028096519 scopus 로고
    • Influence of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of a slow release nifedipine formulation
    • Sigusch H, Hippius M, Henschel L, Kaufmann K, Hoffmann A. 1994. Influence of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of a slow release nifedipine formulation. Pharmazie 49(7):522-524.
    • (1994) Pharmazie , vol.49 , Issue.7 , pp. 522-524
    • Sigusch, H.1    Hippius, M.2    Henschel, L.3    Kaufmann, K.4    Hoffmann, A.5
  • 17
    • 0030944304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug interactions with grapefruit: Whose responsibility is it to warn the public?
    • Spence JD. 1997. Drug interactions with grapefruit: Whose responsibility is it to warn the public? Clin Pharmacol Ther 61(4):395-400.
    • (1997) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-400
    • Spence, J.D.1
  • 19
    • 0029101508 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of triazolam are increased by concomitant ingestion of grapefruit juice
    • Hukkinen SK, Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. 1995. Plasma concentrations of triazolam are increased by concomitant ingestion of grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 58(2):127-131.
    • (1995) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-131
    • Hukkinen, S.K.1    Varhe, A.2    Olkkola, K.T.3    Neuvonen, P.J.4
  • 20
    • 0029055363 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of intravenous and oral cyclosporine after administration with grapefruit juice
    • Ducharme MP, Warbasse LH, Edwards DJ. 1995. Disposition of intravenous and oral cyclosporine after administration with grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 57(5):485-491.
    • (1995) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 485-491
    • Ducharme, M.P.1    Warbasse, L.H.2    Edwards, D.J.3
  • 22
    • 0242645646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grapefruit juice increases serum concentrations of atorvastatin and has no effect on pravastatin
    • Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ. 1999. Grapefruit juice increases serum concentrations of atorvastatin and has no effect on pravastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 66(2):118-127.
    • (1999) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 118-127
    • Lilja, J.J.1    Kivisto, K.T.2    Neuvonen, P.J.3
  • 23
    • 0029647097 scopus 로고
    • Grapefruit juice and saquinavir
    • no 235
    • James JS. 1995. Grapefruit juice and saquinavir. AIDS Treat News (no 235):5-6.
    • (1995) AIDS Treat News , pp. 5-6
    • James, J.S.1
  • 24
    • 0026771041 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of dihydropyridine metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes by flavonoids found in grapefruit juice
    • Miniscalco A, Lundahl J, Regardh CG, Edgar B, Eriksson UG. 1992. Inhibition of dihydropyridine metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes by flavonoids found in grapefruit juice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 261(3):1195-1199.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.261 , Issue.3 , pp. 1195-1199
    • Miniscalco, A.1    Lundahl, J.2    Regardh, C.G.3    Edgar, B.4    Eriksson, U.G.5
  • 26
    • 0037204540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation modelling
    • Grass GM, Sinko PJ. 2002. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation modelling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54(3):433-451.
    • (2002) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 433-451
    • Grass, G.M.1    Sinko, P.J.2
  • 27
    • 79551516513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biorelevant in vitro dissolution testing of products containing micronized or nanosized fenofibrate with a view to predicting plasma profiles
    • Juenemann D, Jantratid E, Wagner C, Reppas C, Vertzoni M, Dressman JB. 2011. Biorelevant in vitro dissolution testing of products containing micronized or nanosized fenofibrate with a view to predicting plasma profiles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 77(2):257-264.
    • (2011) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-264
    • Juenemann, D.1    Jantratid, E.2    Wagner, C.3    Reppas, C.4    Vertzoni, M.5    Dressman, J.B.6
  • 28
    • 72449122816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement and prediction of oral absorption
    • Keldenich J. 2009. Measurement and prediction of oral absorption. Chem Biodivers 6(11):2000-2013.
    • (2009) Chem Biodivers , vol.6 , Issue.11 , pp. 2000-2013
    • Keldenich, J.1
  • 29
    • 65549146053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the effect of API properties on bioavailability through absorption modeling
    • Kesisoglou F, Wu Y. 2008. Understanding the effect of API properties on bioavailability through absorption modeling. AAPS J 10(4):516-525.
    • (2008) AAPS J , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 516-525
    • Kesisoglou, F.1    Wu, Y.2
  • 30
    • 28444451169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A strategy for preclinical formulation development using GastroPlus as pharmacokinetic simulation tool and a statistical screening design applied to a dog study
    • Kuentz M, Nick S, Parrott N, Rothlisberger D. 2006. A strategy for preclinical formulation development using GastroPlus as pharmacokinetic simulation tool and a statistical screening design applied to a dog study. Eur J Pharm Sci 27(1):91-99.
    • (2006) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-99
    • Kuentz, M.1    Nick, S.2    Parrott, N.3    Rothlisberger, D.4
  • 31
    • 62949224800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer simulations using GastroPlus to justify a biowaiver for etoricoxib solid oral drug products
    • Okumu A, DiMaso M, Lobenberg R. 2009. Computer simulations using GastroPlus to justify a biowaiver for etoricoxib solid oral drug products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 72(1):91-98.
    • (2009) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.72 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-98
    • Okumu, A.1    DiMaso, M.2    Lobenberg, R.3
  • 32
    • 0036803219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of intestinal absorption: Comparative assessment of GASTROPLUS and IDEA
    • Parrott N, Lave T. 2002. Prediction of intestinal absorption: Comparative assessment of GASTROPLUS and IDEA. Eur J Pharm Sci 17(1-2):51-61.
    • (2002) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.17 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 51-61
    • Parrott, N.1    Lave, T.2
  • 33
    • 65549103408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting pharmacokinetics of drugs using physiologically based modeling-Application to food effects
    • Parrott N, Lukacova V, Fraczkiewicz G, Bolger MB. 2009. Predicting pharmacokinetics of drugs using physiologically based modeling-Application to food effects. AAPS J 11(1):45-53.
    • (2009) AAPS J , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-53
    • Parrott, N.1    Lukacova, V.2    Fraczkiewicz, G.3    Bolger, M.B.4
  • 34
    • 68349150895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of food effects on the absorption of celecoxib based on biorelevant dissolution testing coupled with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
    • Shono Y, Jantratid E, Janssen N, Kesisoglou F, Mao Y, Vertzoni M, Reppas C, Dressman JB. 2009. Prediction of food effects on the absorption of celecoxib based on biorelevant dissolution testing coupled with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 73(1):107-114.
    • (2009) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-114
    • Shono, Y.1    Jantratid, E.2    Janssen, N.3    Kesisoglou, F.4    Mao, Y.5    Vertzoni, M.6    Reppas, C.7    Dressman, J.B.8
  • 35
    • 77951597966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of nifedipine absorption from soft gelatin capsules using PBPK modeling and biorelevant dissolution testing
    • Thelen K, Jantratid E, Dressman JB, Lippert J, Willmann S. 2010. Analysis of nifedipine absorption from soft gelatin capsules using PBPK modeling and biorelevant dissolution testing. J Pharm Sci 99(6):2899-2904.
    • (2010) J Pharm Sci , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 2899-2904
    • Thelen, K.1    Jantratid, E.2    Dressman, J.B.3    Lippert, J.4    Willmann, S.5
  • 36
    • 84866037370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the oral absorption of a poorly soluble, poorly permeable weak base using biorelevant dissolution and transfer model tests coupled with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model
    • Wagner C, Jantratid E, Kesisoglou F, Vertzoni M, Reppas C, Dressman JB. 2012. Predicting the oral absorption of a poorly soluble, poorly permeable weak base using biorelevant dissolution and transfer model tests coupled with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 82(1):127-138.
    • (2012) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-138
    • Wagner, C.1    Jantratid, E.2    Kesisoglou, F.3    Vertzoni, M.4    Reppas, C.5    Dressman, J.B.6
  • 37
    • 85047682052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic population modelling of oral drug administration: Inter-individual variability of cimetidine absorption
    • Willmann S, Edington AN, Kleine-Besten M, Jantratid E, Thelen K, Dressman JB. 2009. Whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic population modelling of oral drug administration: Inter-individual variability of cimetidine absorption. J Pharm Pharmacol 61(7):891-899.
    • (2009) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 891-899
    • Willmann, S.1    Edington, A.N.2    Kleine-Besten, M.3    Jantratid, E.4    Thelen, K.5    Dressman, J.B.6
  • 38
    • 77955657557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism-based prediction of particle size-dependent dissolution and absorption: Cilostazol pharmacokinetics in dogs
    • Willmann S, Thelen K, Becker C, Dressman JB, Lippert J. 2010. Mechanism-based prediction of particle size-dependent dissolution and absorption: Cilostazol pharmacokinetics in dogs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 76(1):83-94.
    • (2010) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-94
    • Willmann, S.1    Thelen, K.2    Becker, C.3    Dressman, J.B.4    Lippert, J.5
  • 39
    • 79951997007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of physiologically based absorption modeling in implementing quality by design in drug development
    • Zhang X, Lionberger RA, Davit BM, Yu LX. 2011. Utility of physiologically based absorption modeling in implementing quality by design in drug development. AAPS J 13(1):59-71.
    • (2011) AAPS J , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-71
    • Zhang, X.1    Lionberger, R.A.2    Davit, B.M.3    Yu, L.X.4
  • 41
    • 0022871888 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional and slow release forms of nifedipine in essential hypertensive patients
    • Imai Y, Abe K, Sasaki S, Nihei M, Sekino H, Yoshinaga K. 1986. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional and slow release forms of nifedipine in essential hypertensive patients. Tohoku J Exp Med 148(4):421-438.
    • (1986) Tohoku J Exp Med , vol.148 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-438
    • Imai, Y.1    Abe, K.2    Sasaki, S.3    Nihei, M.4    Sekino, H.5    Yoshinaga, K.6
  • 44
    • 0020446642 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium channel antagonists
    • McAllister RG, Jr. 1982. Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium channel antagonists. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 4(Suppl 3):S340-S345.
    • (1982) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL 3
    • McAllister RG, J.1
  • 46
    • 0023918735 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine
    • Robertson DR, Waller DG, Renwick AG, George CF. 1988. Age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 25(3):297-305.
    • (1988) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-305
    • Robertson, D.R.1    Waller, D.G.2    Renwick, A.G.3    George, C.F.4
  • 48
    • 84881616116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German prescribers information. Accessed November, 2012, at:
    • German prescribers information. Accessed November, 2012, at: www.fachinfo.de.
  • 49
    • 0029897299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of nifedipine absorption in different regions of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract after simultaneous administration of 13C- and 12C-nifedipine
    • Bode H, Brendel E, Ahr G, Fuhr U, Harder S, Staib AH. 1996. Investigation of nifedipine absorption in different regions of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract after simultaneous administration of 13C- and 12C-nifedipine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 50(3):195-201.
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-201
    • Bode, H.1    Brendel, E.2    Ahr, G.3    Fuhr, U.4    Harder, S.5    Staib, A.H.6
  • 50
    • 0019206016 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium ion antagonists
    • Eichelbaum M. 1980. Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium ion antagonists. Clin Invest Med 3(1-2):13-17.
    • (1980) Clin Invest Med , vol.3 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 13-17
    • Eichelbaum, M.1
  • 51
    • 0020511478 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of nifedipine
    • Raemsch KD, Sommer J. 1983. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of nifedipine. Hypertension 5(4 Pt 2):II18-24.
    • (1983) Hypertension , vol.5 , Issue.4 PT 2
    • Raemsch, K.D.1    Sommer, J.2
  • 52
    • 0020655798 scopus 로고
    • Calcium antagonists. Pharmacokinetic properties
    • Kates RE. 1983. Calcium antagonists. Pharmacokinetic properties. Drugs 25(2):113-124.
    • (1983) Drugs , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-124
    • Kates, R.E.1
  • 55
    • 0028948839 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: The correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability
    • Amidon GL, Lennernas H, Shah VP, Crison JR. 1995. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: The correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res 12(3):413-420.
    • (1995) Pharm Res , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 413-420
    • Amidon, G.L.1    Lennernas, H.2    Shah, V.P.3    Crison, J.R.4
  • 56
    • 44749087279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissolution media simulating conditions in the proximal human gastrointestinal tract: An update
    • Jantratid E, Janssen N, Reppas C, Dressman JB. 2008. Dissolution media simulating conditions in the proximal human gastrointestinal tract: An update. Pharm Res 25(7):1663-1676.
    • (2008) Pharm Res , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 1663-1676
    • Jantratid, E.1    Janssen, N.2    Reppas, C.3    Dressman, J.B.4
  • 57
    • 21544447265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of fasting gastric conditions and its importance for the in vivo dissolution of lipophilic compounds
    • Vertzoni M, Dressman J, Butler J, Hempenstall J, Reppas C. 2005. Simulation of fasting gastric conditions and its importance for the in vivo dissolution of lipophilic compounds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 60(3):413-417.
    • (2005) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 413-417
    • Vertzoni, M.1    Dressman, J.2    Butler, J.3    Hempenstall, J.4    Reppas, C.5
  • 58
    • 12244263506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a miniaturized shake-flask solubility method with automated potentiometric acid/base titrations and calculated solubilities
    • Glomme A, Marz J, Dressman JB. 2005. Comparison of a miniaturized shake-flask solubility method with automated potentiometric acid/base titrations and calculated solubilities. J Pharm Sci 94(1):1-16.
    • (2005) J Pharm Sci , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Glomme, A.1    Marz, J.2    Dressman, J.B.3
  • 59
    • 63649144572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A standardized mini paddle apparatus as an alternative to the standard paddle
    • Klein S, Shah VP. 2008. A standardized mini paddle apparatus as an alternative to the standard paddle. AAPS PharmSciTech 9(4):1179-1184.
    • (2008) AAPS PharmSciTech , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 1179-1184
    • Klein, S.1    Shah, V.P.2
  • 60
    • 84881610849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Rockeville, Maryland.
    • The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2008. The United States Pharmacopeia 31. Rockeville, Maryland.
    • (2008) The United States Pharmacopeia 31
  • 61
    • 80054738759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a detailed physiological model to simulate the gastrointestinal transit and absorption process in humans, part 1: Oral solutions
    • Thelen K, Coboeken K, Willmann S, Burghaus R, Dressman JB, Lippert J. 2011. Evolution of a detailed physiological model to simulate the gastrointestinal transit and absorption process in humans, part 1: Oral solutions. J Pharm Sci 100(12):5324-5345.
    • (2011) J Pharm Sci , vol.100 , Issue.12 , pp. 5324-5345
    • Thelen, K.1    Coboeken, K.2    Willmann, S.3    Burghaus, R.4    Dressman, J.B.5    Lippert, J.6
  • 62
    • 84855870739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a detailed physiological model to simulate the gastrointestinal transit and absorption process in humans, part II: Extension to describe performance of solid dosage forms
    • Thelen K, Coboeken K, Willmann S, Dressman JB, Lippert J. 2012. Evolution of a detailed physiological model to simulate the gastrointestinal transit and absorption process in humans, part II: Extension to describe performance of solid dosage forms. J Pharm Sci 101(3):1267-1280.
    • (2012) J Pharm Sci , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 1267-1280
    • Thelen, K.1    Coboeken, K.2    Willmann, S.3    Dressman, J.B.4    Lippert, J.5
  • 63
    • 33748338819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From physicochemistry to absorption and distribution: Predictive mechanistic modelling and computational tools
    • Willmann S, Lippert J, Schmitt W. 2005. From physicochemistry to absorption and distribution: Predictive mechanistic modelling and computational tools. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 1(1):159-168.
    • (2005) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 159-168
    • Willmann, S.1    Lippert, J.2    Schmitt, W.3
  • 64
    • 0344084044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physiologic model for simulating gastrointestinal flow and drug absorption in rats
    • Willmann S, Schmitt W, Keldenich J, Dressman JB. 2003. A physiologic model for simulating gastrointestinal flow and drug absorption in rats. Pharm Res 20(11):1766-1771.
    • (2003) Pharm Res , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1766-1771
    • Willmann, S.1    Schmitt, W.2    Keldenich, J.3    Dressman, J.B.4
  • 65
    • 3242778534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physiological model for the estimation of the fraction dose absorbed in humans
    • Willmann S, Schmitt W, Keldenich J, Lippert J, Dressman JB. 2004. A physiological model for the estimation of the fraction dose absorbed in humans. J Med Chem 47(16):4022-4031.
    • (2004) J Med Chem , vol.47 , Issue.16 , pp. 4022-4031
    • Willmann, S.1    Schmitt, W.2    Keldenich, J.3    Lippert, J.4    Dressman, J.B.5
  • 66
    • 57649129328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valentin J. 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: Reference values. A report of age- and gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals
    • ICRP Publication 89.
    • Valentin J. 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: Reference values. A report of age- and gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals 2002. ICRP Publication 89. Ann ICRP 32(3-4):5-265.
    • (2002) Ann ICRP , vol.32 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 5-265
  • 67
    • 34249905607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a physiology-based whole-body population model for assessing the influence of individual variability on the pharmacokinetics of drugs
    • Willmann S, Hohn K, Edginton A, Sevestre M, Solodenko J, Weiss W, Lippert J, Schmitt W. 2007. Development of a physiology-based whole-body population model for assessing the influence of individual variability on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 34(3):401-431.
    • (2007) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-431
    • Willmann, S.1    Hohn, K.2    Edginton, A.3    Sevestre, M.4    Solodenko, J.5    Weiss, W.6    Lippert, J.7    Schmitt, W.8
  • 69
    • 0026581559 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists. An update
    • Kelly JG, O'Malley K. 1992. Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 22(6):416-433.
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 416-433
    • Kelly, J.G.1    O'Malley, K.2
  • 70
    • 0023114637 scopus 로고
    • Nifedipine. Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Kleinbloesem CH, van Brummelen P, Breimer DD. 1987. Nifedipine. Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacokinet 12(1):12-29.
    • (1987) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-29
    • Kleinbloesem, C.H.1    van Brummelen, P.2    Breimer, D.D.3
  • 72
    • 33747599176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal and hepatic metabolic activity of five cytochrome P450 enzymes: Impact on prediction of first-pass metabolism
    • Galetin A, Houston JB. 2006. Intestinal and hepatic metabolic activity of five cytochrome P450 enzymes: Impact on prediction of first-pass metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318(3):1220-1229.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , Issue.3 , pp. 1220-1229
    • Galetin, A.1    Houston, J.B.2
  • 74
    • 0014647358 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the gastric emptying mechanism in healthy persons and patients after partial gastrectomy
    • Berger T. 1969. Studies on the gastric emptying mechanism in healthy persons and patients after partial gastrectomy. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 404:1-51.
    • (1969) Acta Chir Scand Suppl , vol.404 , pp. 1-51
    • Berger, T.1
  • 75
    • 6044237712 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of indium DTPA chelate in the measurement of gastric emptying by scintiscanning
    • Heading RC, Tothill P, Laidlaw AJ, Shearman DJ. 1971. An evaluation of indium DTPA chelate in the measurement of gastric emptying by scintiscanning. Gut 12(8):611-615.
    • (1971) Gut , vol.12 , Issue.8 , pp. 611-615
    • Heading, R.C.1    Tothill, P.2    Laidlaw, A.J.3    Shearman, D.J.4
  • 76
    • 0023020050 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between gastric emptying of semisolids and paracetamol absorption
    • Petring OU, Adelhoj B, Ibsen M, Poulsen HE. 1986. The relationship between gastric emptying of semisolids and paracetamol absorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22(6):659-662.
    • (1986) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 659-662
    • Petring, O.U.1    Adelhoj, B.2    Ibsen, M.3    Poulsen, H.E.4
  • 77
    • 0025373183 scopus 로고
    • Inter- and intrasubject variability of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers measured by scintigraphy and paracetamol absorption
    • Petring OU, Flachs H. 1990. Inter- and intrasubject variability of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers measured by scintigraphy and paracetamol absorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol 29(6):703-708.
    • (1990) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 703-708
    • Petring, O.U.1    Flachs, H.2
  • 78
    • 0030772854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of direct curve comparison metrics applied to pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability and bioequivalence
    • Marston SA, Polli JE. 1997. Evaluation of direct curve comparison metrics applied to pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability and bioequivalence. Pharm Res 14(10):1363-1369.
    • (1997) Pharm Res , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 1363-1369
    • Marston, S.A.1    Polli, J.E.2
  • 80
    • 0033009998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the role of the small intestine in first-pass metabolism overemphasized?
    • Lin JH, Chiba M, Baillie TA. 1999. Is the role of the small intestine in first-pass metabolism overemphasized? Pharmacol Rev 51(2):135-158.
    • (1999) Pharmacol Rev , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-158
    • Lin, J.H.1    Chiba, M.2    Baillie, T.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.