Allergic and immunologic reactions to food additives

Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 6-29

  Gultekin, Fatih ^a   Doguc, Duygu Kumbul ^a  

^a SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Allergic reactions; Asthma; Food additives; Hypersensitivity; Urticaria

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; ALLURA RED AC; ANTIOXIDANT; AZO DYE; BENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE; BUTYLCRESOL; CARMINIC ACID; COSMETIC; DODECYL GALLATE; EMULSIFYING AGENT; ERYTHROSINE; FLAVORING AGENT; FOOD ADDITIVE; FOOD DYE; FOOD PRESERVATIVE; FRAGRANCE; GALLIC ACID; GALLIC ACID PROPYL ESTER; HAIR DYE; HYDROQUINONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; INDIGO CARMINE; MALACHITE GREEN; SOLVENT; STABILIZING AGENT; SUNSET YELLOW; SWEETENING AGENT; TERTIARY BUTYLHYDROQUINONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ALLERGIC DISEASE; ALLERGIC REACTION; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ARTICLE; CONTACT DERMATITIS; CROSS ALLERGY; CROSS REACTION; FOOD SAFETY; HUMAN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; INHALATION; LICHENOID ERUPTION; MAST CELL; MAST CELL DEGRANULATION; NONHUMAN; PASSIVE SKIN ANAPHYLAXIS; PATCH TEST; SHELF LIFE; SKIN ALLERGY; URTICARIA;

ALLERGENS; ANIMALS; EUROPEAN UNION; FOOD; FOOD ADDITIVES; FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY; HUMANS; PREVALENCE;

EID: 84880803465     PISSN: 10800549     EISSN: 15590267     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8300-8     Document Type: Article

References (230)

1. Emerton V, Choi E (2008) Chapter 1: Food additives and why they are used. In: Leatherhead Food International (ed) Essential guide to food additives, 3rd edn. RSC, Cambridge, pp 1-11
2. Jones SM, Burks AW (2008) Part 2: Adverse reactions to food antigens: clinical science. Chapter 8: The spectrum of allergic reactions to foods. In: Metcalfe DD, Sampson HA, Simon RA (eds) Food allergy adverse reactions to foods and food additives, 4th edn. Blackwell, Melbourne, p 101
3. Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, Sigurdardottir ST, Lindner T, Goldhahn K, Dahlstrom J, McBride D, Madsen C (2007) The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120(3):638-646
4. Wüthrich B (1993) Adverse reactions to food additives. Ann Allergy 71(4):379-384
5. Reus KE, Houben GF, Stam M, Dubois AE (2000) Food additives as a cause of medical symptoms: relationship shown between sulfites and asthma and anaphylaxis; results of a literature review. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 144(38):1836-1839
6. Goodman DL, McDonnell JT, Nelson HS, Vaughan TR, Weber RW (1990) Chronic urticaria exacerbated by the antioxidant food preservatives, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). J Allergy Clin Immunol 86(4 Pt 1):570-575
7. Orton DI, Shaw S (2001) Allergic contact dermatitis from pharmaceutical grade BHA in Timodine, with no patch test reaction to analytical grade BHA. Contact Dermatitis 44(3):191-192
8. Yamaki K, Taneda S, Yanagisawa R, Inoue K, Takano H, Yoshino S (2007) Enhancement of allergic responses in vivo and in vitro by butylated hydroxytoluene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 223(2):164-172
9. Le Coz CJ, Schneider GA (1998) Contact dermatitis from tertiary-butylhydroquinone in a hair dye, with cross-sensitivity to BHA and BHT. Contact Dermatitis 39(1):39-40
10. White IR, Lovell CR, Cronin E (1984) Antioxidants in cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis 11(5):265-267
11. García-Melgares ML, de la Cuadra J, Martín B, Laguna C, Martínez L, Alegre V (2007) Sensitization to gallates: review of 46 cases. Actas Dermosifiliogr 98(10):688-693
12. Lomaga MA, Polak S, Grushka M, Walsh S (2009) Results of patch testing in patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus. J Cutan Med Surg 13(2):88-95
13. Igoe RS (2011) Part I: Ingredients dictionary. In: Dictionary of food ingredients, 5th edn. Springer, Berlin
14. Young E, Patel S, Stoneham M, Rona R, Wilkinson JD (1987) The prevalence of reaction to food additives in a survey population. J R Coll Physicians Lond 21(4):241-247
15. Hannuksela M, Haahtela T (1987) Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives. Allergy 42(8):561-575
16. Fuglsang G, Madsen C, Saval P, Osterballe O (1993) Prevalence of intolerance to food additives among Danish school children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 4(3):123-129
17. Keil H (1962) Group reactions in contact dermatitis due to resorcinol. Arch Dermatol 86:212-216
18. Burrows D, Irvine J (1982) Contact dermatitis to hexylresorcinol. Contact Dermatitis 8(1):71
19. Greenhawt M, Baldwin JL (2008) Part 4: Adverse reactions to food additives. Chapter 34: Food colorings and flavors. In: Metcalfe DD, Sampson HA, Simon RA (eds) Food allergy adverse reactions to foods and food additives. Blackwell, Melbourne, pp 403-428
20. Lucas CD, Hallagan JB, Taylor SL (2001) The role of natural color additives in food allergy. Adv Food Nutr Res 43:195-216
21. Ebo DG, Ingelbrecht S, Bridts CH, Stevens WJ (2009) Allergy for cheese: evidence for an IgE-mediated reaction from the natural dye annatto. Allergy 64(10):1558-1560
22. Nish WA, Whisman BA, Goetz DW, Ramirez DA (1991) Anaphylaxis to annatto dye: a case report. Ann Allergy 66(2):129-131
23. Mikkelsen H, Larsen JC, Tarding F (1978) Hypersensitivity reactions to food colours with special reference to the natural colour annatto extract (butter colour). Arch Toxicol SUPPL. (1):141-143
24. Juhlin L (1981) Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients. Br J Dermatol 104(4):369-381
25. Stein HL (2009) Annatto and IBS. J Clin Gastroenterol 43(10):1014-1015
26. Gousse AE, Safir MH, Madjar S, Ziadlourad F, Raz S (2000) Life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction associated with indigo carmine intravenous injection. Urology 56(3):508
27. Naitoh J, Fox BM (1994) Severe hypotension, bronchospasm, and urticaria from intravenous indigo carmine. Urology 44(2):271-272
28. Graziano S, Hoyte L, Vilich F, Brubaker L (2005) Life-threatening reaction to indigo carmine - a sulfa allergy? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 16(5):418-419
29. Miller ME, Lummus ZL, Bernstein DI (1996) Occupational asthma caused by FD&C blue dye no. 2. Allergy Asthma Proc 17(1):31-34
30. Magner J, Gerber P (1994) Urticaria due to blue dye in synthroid tablets. Thyroid 4(3):341
31. Acero S, Tabar AI, Alvarez MJ, Garcia BE, Olaguibel JM, Moneo I (1998) Occupational asthma and food allergy due to carmine. Allergy 53(9):897-901
32. Lizaso MT, Moneo I, García BE, Acero S, Quirce S, Tabar AI (2000) Identification of allergens involved in occupational asthma due to carmine dye. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 84(5):549-552
33. Tabar AI, Acero S, Arregui C, Urdánoz M, Quirce S (2003) Asthma and allergy due to carmine dye. An Sist Sanit Navar 26(SUPPL. 2):65-73
34. Tabar-Purroy AI, Alvarez-Puebla MJ, Acero-Sainz S, García-Figueroa BE, Echechipía-Madoz S, Olaguibel-Rivera JM, Quirce-Gancedo SJ (2003) Carmine (E-120)-induced occupational asthma revisited. Allergy Clin Immunol 111(2):415-419
35. Ferrer A, Marco FM, Andreu C, Sempere JM (2005) Occupational asthma to carmine in a butcher. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 138(3):243-250
36. Añíbarro B, Seoane J, Vila C, Múgica V, Lombardero M (2003) Occupational asthma induced by inhaled carmine among butchers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 16(2):133-137
37. Beaudouin E, Kanny G, Lambert H, Fremont S, Moneret-Vautrin DA (1995) Food anaphylaxis following ingestion of carmine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 74(5):427-430
38. Kotobuki Y, Azukizawa H, Nishida Y, Murota H, Katayama I, Yoshikawa K (2007) Case of urticaria due to cochineal dye in red-colored diet. Arerugi 56(12):1510-1514
39. Zenaidi M, Pauliat S, Chaliier P, Fratta A, Girardet JP (2005) Allergy to food colouring. A prospective study in ten children. Tunis Med 83(7):414-418
40. Yamakawa Y, Oosuna H, Yamakawa T, Aihara M, Ikezawa Z (2009) Cochineal extract-induced immediate allergy. J Dermatol 36(1):72-74
41. Wüthrich B, Kägi MK, Stücker W (1997) Anaphylactic reactions to ingested carmine (E120). Allergy 52(11):1133-1137
42. Greenhawt M, McMorris M, Baldwin J (2009) Carmine hypersensitivity masquerading as azithromycin hypersensitivity. Allergy Asthma Proc 30(1):95-101
43. Shaw DW (2009) Allergic contact dermatitis from carmine. Dermatitis 20(5):292-295
44. Greenhawt MJ, Baldwin JL (2009) Carmine dye and cochineal extract: hidden allergens no more. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 103(1):73-75
45. Kägi MK, Wüthrich B, Johansson SG (1994) Campari-Orange anaphylaxis due to carmine allergy. Lancet 344(8914):60-61
46. DiCello MC, Myc A, Baker JR Jr, Baldwin JL (1999) Anaphylaxis after ingestion of carmine colored foods: two case reports and a review of the literature. Allergy Asthma Proc 20(6):377-382
47. Chung K, Baker JR Jr, Baldwin JL, Chou A (2001) Identification of carmine allergens among three carmine allergy patients. Allergy 56(1):73-77
48. Ohgiya Y, Arakawa F, Akiyama H, Yoshioka Y, Hayashi Y, Sakai S, Ito S, Yamakawa Y, Ohgiya S, Ikezawa Z, Teshima R (2009) Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a major 38-kd cochineal allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 123(5):1157-1162
49. Guy C, Dzviga C, Genot A, Patural P, Ollagnier M (1995) Hypersensitivity to Sintrom, caused by cochineal red A. Therapie 50(5):483-484
50. Ibero M, Eseverri JL, Barroso C, Botey J (1982) Dyes, preservatives and salicylates in the induction of food intolerance and/or hypersensitivity in children. Allergol Immunopathol 10(4):263-268
51. Veien NK, Krogdahl A (1991) Cutaneous vasculitis induced by food additives. Acta Derm Venereol 71(1):73-74
52. Elhkim MO, Héraud F, Bemrah N, Gauchard F, Lorino T, Lambré C, Frémy JM, Poul JM (2007) New considerations regarding the risk assessment on tartrazine - an update toxicological assessment, intolerance reactions and maximum theoretical daily intake in France. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 47(3):308-316
53. Virchow C, Szczeklik A, Bianco S (1988) Intolerance to tartrazine in aspirin-induced asthma: results of multicenter study. Respiration 53:20-23
54. Nettis E, Colanardi MC, Ferrannini A, Tursi A (2003) Suspected tartrazine-induced acute urticaria/angioedema is only rarely reproducible by oral rechallenge. Clin Exp Allergy 33:1725-1729
55. Pestana S, Moreira M, Olej B (2010) Safety of ingestion of yellow tartrazine by double-blind placebo controlled challenge in 26 atopic adults. Allergol Immunopathol 38(3):142-146
56. Pacor ML, Di Lorenzo G, Martinelli N, Mansueto P, Rini GB, Corrocher R (2004) Monosodium benzoate hypersensitivity in subjects with persistent rhinitis. Allergy 59(2):192-197
57. Sakakibara H, Suetsugu S (1995) Aspirin-induced asthma as an important type of bronchial asthma. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi SUPPL. 33:106-115
58. Ardern KD, Ram FS (2001) Tartrazine exclusion for allergic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD000460.
59. Devlin J, David TJ (1992) Tartrazine in atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child 67(6):709-711
60. Van Bever HP, Docx M, Stevens WJ (1989) Food and food additives in severe atopic dermatitis. Allergy 44(8):588-594
61. Orchard DC, Varigos GA (1997) Fixed drug eruption to tartrazine. Australas J Dermatol 38(4):212-214
62. Bhatia MS (2000) Allergy to tartrazine in psychotropic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 61(7):473-476
63. Inomata N, Osuna H, Fujita H, Ogawa T, Ikezawa Z (2006) Multiple chemical sensitivities following intolerance to azo dye in sweets in a 5-year-old girl. Allergol Int 55(2):203-205
64. Asero R (1998) A strange case of "tuna allergy". Allergy 53(8):816-817
65. Kalinke DU, Wüthrich B (1999) Purpura pigmentosa progressiva in type III cryoglobulinemia and tartrazine intolerance. A follow-up over 20 years. Hautarzt 50(1):47-51
66. Michaëlsson G, Pettersson L, Juhlin L (1974) Purpura caused by food and drug additives. Arch Dermatol 109(1):49-52
67. Parodi G, Parodi A, Rebora A (1985) Purpuric vasculitis due to tartrazine. Dermatologica 171(1):62-63
68. Lowry MD, Hudson CF, Callen JP (1994) Leukocytoclastic vasculitis caused by drug additives. J Am Acad Dermatol 30(5 Pt 2):854-855
69. Koppel BS, Harden CL, Daras M (1991) Tegretol excipient-induced allergy. Arch Neurol 48(8):789
70. de Barrio M, Fuentes V, Tornero P, Sánchez I, Zubeldia J, Herrero T (2008) Anaphylaxis to oral iron salts. desensitization protocol for tolerance induction. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 18(4):305-308
71. Narama I, Ozaki K, Matsushima S, Matsuura T (1999) Eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis in iron lactate-overloaded rats. Toxicol Pathol 27(3):318-324
72. Sweatman MC, Tasker R, Warner JO, Ferguson MM, Mitchell DN (1986) Oro-facial granulomatosis. Response to elemental diet and provocation by food additives. Clin Allergy 16(4):331-338
73. Masuda K, Katoh N, Mizutani H, Kishimoto S (2009) Anaphylaxis to vitamin B2 added to an energy drink. Clin Exp Dermatol 34(7):263-264
74. Chadwick BL, Hunter ML, Evans MT, Hunter B (1990) Allergic reaction to the food dye patent blue. Br Dent J 168(10):386-387
75. Foti C, Bonamonte D, Conserva A, Casulli C, Angelini G (2006) Allergic contact dermatitis to glyceryl-hydrogenated rosinate in a topical plaster. Contact Dermatitis 55(2):120-121
76. Bonamonte D, Foti C, Angelini G (2001) Contact allergy to ester gums in cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis 45:110-111
77. Goossens A, Armingaud P, Avenel-Audran M et al (2002) An epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis due to epilating products. Contact Dermatitis 47:67-70
78. Jensen CD, Andersen KE (2005) Allergic contact dermatitis from sodium stearoyl lactylate, an emulsifier commonly used in food products. Contact Dermatitis 53(2):116
79. Palm M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Kanny G, Denery-Papini S, Frémont S (1999) Food allergy to egg and soy lecithins. Allergy 54(10):1116-1117
80. Renaud C, Cardiet C, Dupont C (1996) Allergy to soy lecithin in a child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 22(3):328-329
81. Lavaud F, Perdu D, Prévost A, Vallerand H, Cossart C, Passemard F (1994) Baker's asthma related to soybean lecithin exposure. Allergy 49(3):159-162
82. Béliveau S, Gaudreault P, Goulet L, Primeau MN, Marcoux D (2008) Type I hypersensitivity in an asthmatic child allergic to peanuts: was soy lecithin to blame? J Cutan Med Surg 12(1):27-30
83. Awazuhara H, Kawai H, Baba M, Matsui T, Komiyama A (1998) Antigenicity of the proteins in soy lecithin and soy oil in soybean allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 28(12):1559-1564
84. Gu X, Beardslee T, Zeece M, Sarath G, Markwell J (2001) Identification of IgE-binding proteins in soy lecithin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 126(3):218-225
85. Lowther A, McCormick T, Nedorost S (2008) Systemic contact dermatitis from propylene glycol. Dermatitis 19(2):105-108
86. Warshaw EM, Botto NC, Maibach HI, Fowler JF Jr, Rietschel RL, Zug KA, Belsito DV, Taylor JS, DeLeo VA, Pratt MD, Sasseville D, Storrs FJ, Marks JG Jr, Mathias CG (2009) Positive patch-test reactions to propylene glycol: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1996 to 2006. Dermatitis 20(1):14-20
87. Lessmann H, Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W (2005) Skin-sensitizing and irritant properties of propylene glycol. Contact Dermatitis 53(5):247-259
88. Curry EJ, Warshaw EM (2005) Benzyl alcohol allergy: importance of patch testing with personal products. Dermatitis 16:203-208
89. Jacob SE, Stechschulte S (2008) Eyelid dermatitis associated with balsam of Peru constituents: benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Contact Dermatitis 58:111-112
90. Carrascosa JM, Domingo H, Soria X, Ferrándiz C (2006) Allergic contact dermatitis due to benzyl alcohol in a hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 55(2):124-125
91. Shaw DW (1999) Allergic contact dermatitis to benzyl alcohol in a hearing aid impression material. Am J Contact Dermat 10(4):228-232
92. Shmunes E (1984) Allergic dermatitis to benzyl alcohol in an injectable solution. Arch Dermatol 120:1200-1201
93. Podda M, Zollner T, Grundmann-Kollmann M, Kaufmann R, Boehncke WH (1999) Allergic contact dermatitis from benzyl alcohol during topical antimycotic treatment. Contact Dermatitis 41:302
94. Verecken P, Birringer C, Knitelius AC, Herbaut D, Germaux MA (1998) Sensitization to benzyl alcohol: a possible cause of 'corticosteroid allergy'. Contact Dermatitis 38:106
95. Edwards EK (1981) Allergic reactions to benzyl alcohol in a sunscreen. Cutis 28:332-333
96. Corazza M, Mantovani L, Maranini C, Virgili A (1996) Allergic contact dermatitis from benzyl alcohol. Contact Dermatitis 34:74-75
97. Sestini S, Mori M, Francalanci S (2004) Allergic contact dermatitis from benzyl alcohol in multiple medicaments. Contact Dermatitis 50(5):316-317
98. Turvey SE, Cronin B, Arnold AD, Twarog FJ, Dioun AF (2004) Adverse reactions to vitamin B12 injections due to benzyl alcohol sensitivity: successful treatment with intranasal cyanocobalamin. Allergy 59(9):1023-1024
99. Amado A, Jacob SE (2007) Letter: Benzyl alcohol preserved saline used to dilute injectables poses a risk of contact dermatitis in fragrance-sensitive patients. Dermatol Surg 33(11):1396-1397
100. Orton DI, Salim A, Shaw S (2001) Allergic contact cheilitis due to shellac. Contact Dermatitis 44:250
101. Scheman AJ (1998) Contact allergy to quaternium-22 and shellac in mascara. Contact Dermatitis 38:342
102. Le Coz CJ, Leclere JM, Arnoult E, Raison-Peyron N, Pons-Guiraud A, Vigan M (2002) Allergic contact dermatitis from shellac in mascara. Contact Dermatitis 46:149-152
103. Gallo R, Marro I, Pavesi A (2005) Allergic contact dermatitis from shellac in mascara. Contact Dermatitis 53:238-239
104. Strauss RM, Orton DI (2003) Allergic contact cheilitis in the United Kingdom: a retrospective study. Am J Contact Dermat 14(2):75-77
105. Chowdhury MM (2002) Allergic contact dermatitis from prime yellow carnauba wax and coathylene in mascara. Contact Dermatitis 46(4):244
106. Jacob SE, Chimento S, Castanedo-Tardan MP (2008) Allergic contact dermatitis to propolis and carnauba wax from lip balm and chewable vitamins in a child. Contact Dermatitis 58(4):242-243
107. Vanderburg LE, Wilder EA (2000) The structural constituents of carnauba wax. J Am Oil Chem Soc 47:514-518
108. Talens P, Krochta JM (2005) Plasticizing effects of bees wax and carnauba wax on tensile and water vapor permeability properties of whey protein films. J Food Sci 70:239-243
109. Lucente P, Cavalli M, Vezzani C, Orlandi C, Vincenzi C (1996) Contact cheilitis due to beeswax. Contact Dermatitis 35(4):258
110. Camarasa G (1975) Occupational dermatitis from beeswax Contact dermatitis 1:124
111. Schwartz L, Peck SM (1935) The irritants in adhesive plaster. Public Health Rep 50:811
112. Sánchez-Pérez J, Diez MB, Pérez AA, Jiménez YD, Diez G (2006) Allergic and systemic contact dermatitis to methylparaben. Contact Dermatitis 54(2):117-118
113. Ishiwatari S, Suzuki T, Hitomi T, Yoshino T, Matsukuma S, Tsuji T (2007) Effects of methyl paraben on skin keratinocytes. J Appl Toxicol 27(1):1-9
114. Igoe RS (2011) Part II: Ingredient categories. In: Dictionary of food ingredients, 5th edn. Springer, Berlin, p 185
115. Soni MG, Taylor SL, Greenberg NA, Burdock GA (2002) Evaluation of the health aspects of methyl paraben: a review of the published literature. Food Chem Toxicol 40(10):1335-1373
116. White-Chu EF, Reddy M (2011) Dry skin in the elderly: complexities of a common problem. Clin Dermatol 29(1):37-42
117. Simon RA (1986) Adverse reactions to food additives. N Engl Reg Allergy Proc 7(6):533-542
118. Mowad CM (2000) Allergic contact dermatitis caused by parabens: 2 case reports and a review. Am J Contact Dermat 11(1):53-56
119. Anonymous (2008) Final amended report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isopropylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, and benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products. Int J Toxicol 27(SUPPL. 4):1-82
120. Oiso N, Fukai K, Ishii M (2004) Allergic contact dermatitis caused by parabens in a compress. Contact Dermatitis 50(5):317
121. Soni MG, Carabin IG, Burdock GA (2005) Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food Chem Toxicol 43(7):985-1015
122. Nagel JE, Fuscaldo JT, Fireman P (1977) Paraben allergy. JAMA 237(15):1594-1595
123. Vally H, Misso NL, Madan V (2009) Clinical effects of sulphite additives. Clin Exp Allergy 39(11):1643-1651
124. Lester MR (1995) Sulfite sensitivity: significance in human health. J Am Coll Nutr 14(3):229-232
125. Nater JP (1968) Allergic contact dermatitis caused by potassium metabisulfite. Dermatologica 136:477-478
126. Epstein E (1970) Sodium bisulfite. Contact Dermatitis Newsletter 7:155
127. Apetato M, Marques MS (1986) Contact dermatitis caused by sodium metabisulphite. Contact Dermatitis 14:194
128. Lee A, Nixon R (2001) Contact dermatitis from sodium metabisulfite in a baker. Contact Dermatitis 44:127-128
129. Petersen CS, Menne T (1992) Consecutive patch testing with sodium sulfite in eczema patients. Contact Dermatitis 27:344-345
130. Vena GA, Foti C, Angelini G (1994) Sulfite contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 31:172-175
131. Madan V, Walker SL, Beck MH (2007) Sodium metabisulfite allergy is common but is it relevant. Contact Dermatitis 57:173-176
132. Malik MM, Hegarty MA, Bourke JF (2007) Sodium metabisulfite - a marker for cosmetic allergy? Contact Dermatitis 56:241-242
133. Schorr WF (1983) Multiple injuries from permanents. In: Presented at the Cosmetic Symposium. American Academy of Dermatology, Chicago
134. Sanchez-Perez J, Abajo P, Cordoba S, Garcia-Diez A (2000) Allergic contact dermatitis from sodium metabisulfite in an antihemorrhoidal cream. Contact Dermatitis 42:176-177
135. Nagayama H, Hatamochi A, Shinkai H (1997) A case of contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite in an ophthalmic solution. J Dermatol 24:675-677
136. Przybilla B, Ring J (1987) Sulfite hypersensitivity. Hautarzt 38(8):445-448
137. Dooms-Goossens A, de Alam AG, Degreef H, Kochuyt A (1989) Local anesthetic intolerance due to metabisulfite. Contact Dermatitis 20(2):124-126
138. Smolinske SC (1992) Review of parenteral sulfite reactions. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 30:597-606
139. Prenner BM, Stevens JJ (1976) Anaphylaxis after ingestion of sodium bisulfite. Ann Allergy 37:180-182
140. Wuthrich B, Huwyler T (1989) Asthma due to disulfites. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 119:1177-1184
141. Tsevat J, Gross GN, Dowling GP (1987) Fatal asthma after ingestion of sulfite-containing wine. Ann Intern Med 107:263
142. Twarog FJ, Leung DY (1982) Anaphylaxis to a component of isoetharine (sodium bisulfite). JAMA 248:2030-2031
143. Baker GJ, Collett P, Allen DH (1981) Bronchospasm induced by metabisulphite-containing foods and drugs. Med J Aust 2:614-617
144. Koepke JW, Selner JC, Dunhill AL (1983) Presence of sulfur dioxide in commonly used bronchodilator solutions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 72:504-508
145. Sher TH, Schwartz HJ (1985) Bisulfite sensitivity manifesting as an allergic reaction to aerosol therapy. Ann Allergy 54:224-226
146. Habenicht HA, Preuss L, Lovell RG (1983) Sensitivity to ingested metabisulfites: cause of bronchospasm and urticaria. Immunol Allergy Practice 5:243
147. Huang AS, Fraser WM (1984) Are sulfite additives really safe? N Engl J Med 311:542
148. Schwartz HJ (1983) Sensitivity to ingested metabisulfite: variations in clinical presentation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 71:487-489
149. Valero AL, Bescos M, Amat P, Malet A (1993) Bronchial asthma caused by occupational sulfite exposure. Allergol Immunopathol 21:221-224
150. Jacobs MC, Rycroft RJ (1995) Contact dermatitis and asthma from sodium metabisulfite in a photographic technician. Contact Dermatitis 33:65-66
151. Camarasa JG, Barnadas M (1982) Occupational dermatosis by vitamin K3 sodium bisulphite. Contact Dermatitis 8:268
152. Malo JL, Cartier A, Desjardins A (1995) Occupational asthma caused by dry metabisulphite. Thorax 50:585-589
153. Agard C, Nicolet-Akhavan F, Bouillard J, Sandron D (1998) Occupational asthma to metabisulfites. Three cases. Rev Mal Respir 15:537-540
154. Gunnison AF, Jacobsen DW (1987) Sulfite hypersensitivity. A critical review. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 17(3):185-214
155. Steinman HA, Le Roux M, Potter PC (1993) Sulphur dioxide sensitivity in South African asthmatic children. S Afr Med J 83(6):387-390
156. Arai Y, Muto H, Sano Y, Ito K (1998) Food and food additives hypersensitivity in adult asthmatics. III. Adverse reaction to sulfites in adult asthmatics. Arerugi 47(11):1163-1167
157. Asero R (2006) Sodium benzoate-induced pruritus. Allergy 61(10):1240-1241
158. Hong SP, Park HS, Lee MK, Hong CS (1989) Oral provocation tests with aspirin and food additives in asthmatic patients. Yonsei Med J 30(4):339-345
159. Hannuksela M, Haahtela T (2009) Food additive hypersensitivity - near myth. Duodecim 125(5):527-532
160. Frémont S, Kanny G, Nicolas JP, Moneret-Vautrin DA (1997) Prevalence of lysozyme sensitization in an egg-allergic population. Allergy 52(2):224-228
161. Iaconelli A, Fiorentini L, Bruschi S, Rossi F, Mingrone G, Piva G (2008) Absence of allergic reactions to egg white lysozyme additive in Grana Padano cheese. J Am Coll Nutr 27(2):326-331
162. Rangan C, Barceloux DG (2009 May) Food additives and sensitivities. Dis Mon 55(5):292-311
163. Bradstock MK, Serdula MK, Marks JS, Barnard RJ, Crane NT, Remington PL, Trowbridge FL (1986) Evaluation of reactions to food additives: the aspartame experience. Am J Clin Nutr 43(3):464-469
164. Castanedo-Tardan MP, González ME, Connelly EA, Giordano K, Jacob SE (2009) Systematized contact dermatitis and montelukast in an atopic boy. Pediatr Dermatol 26(6):739-743
165. Hill AM, Belsito DV (2003) Systemic contact dermatitis of the eyelids caused by formaldehyde derived from aspartame? Contact Dermatitis 49(5):258-259
166. Hanakawa Y, Hanakawa Y, Tohyama M, Yamasaki K, Hashimoto K (2005) Xylitol as a causative agent of oral erosive eczema. Br J Dermatol 152(4):821-822
167. Hino H, Kasai S, Hattori N, Kenjo K (2000) A case of allergic urticaria caused by erythritol. J Dermatol 27(3):163-165
168. Ogawa A, Samoto M, Takahashi K (2000) Soybean allergens and hypoallergenic soybean products. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 46(6):271-279
169. European Commission Scientific Committee on Food (2011) Opinion of the scientific committee on food on soybean hemicellulose. SCF/CS/ADD/EMU/185 Final, 10 April 2003, s 7-8. http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out187-en.pdf. Last accessed 12 Sep 2011
170. Taylor SL, Hefle SL (2001) Ingredient and labeling issues associated with allergenic foods. Allergy 56(SUPPL. 67):64-69
171. JECFA (2011) Propylene glycol alginate. WHO Food Additives Series 32. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v32je12.htm. Last accessed 12 Sep 2011
172. Gelfand HH (1949) Vegetable gums by ingestion in etiology of allergic disorders. J Allergy 20:311-321
173. Figley KD (1940) Karaya gum hypersensitivity. JAMA 104:747
174. Bullen, Stearns S, Perennial (1934) Fever from Indian gum (karaya gum). J Allergy 5:484
175. Feinberg SM (1935) Karaya gum asthma. JAMA 105:505
176. Bowen R (1939) Karaya gum as a cause of urticaria. Arch Dermat & Syph 39:506
177. JECFA (2011) Karaya gum. WHO Food Additives Series 24, http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v024je06.htm. Last accessed 12 Sep 2011
178. Wagner W (1980) Karaya gum hypersensitivity in an enterostomal therapist. JAMA 243(5):432
179. Colwell JC (1984) Karaya sensitivity. J Enterostomal Ther 11(4):159
180. Camarasa JM, Alomar A (1980) Contact dermatitis from a karaya seal ring. Contact Dermatitis 6(2):139-140
181. Ronnen M, Suster S, Kahana M, Schewach-Millet M (1986) Contact dermatitis due to karaya gum and induced by the application of electrodes. Int J Dermatol 25(3):189-190
182. Axelgaard J, Brown JC (1983) Lateral electrical surface stimulation for the treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 8:242-260
183. Gelfand HH (1943) The allergenicity of vegetable gums, a case of asthma due to tragacanth. J Allergy 14:203
184. Studdeford WE (1937) Severe and fatal reactions following the intravenous use of gum acacia glucose infusions. Surg Gynec Obst 64:772
185. Spielman AD, Baldwin HS (1933) Atopy to acacia (gum arabic). JAMA 101:444
186. Feinberg SM, Schoenkerman BB (1940) Karaya and related gums as causes of atopy. Wisconsin MJ 39:734
187. Bohner CB, Sheldon JM, Trenis JW (1941) Sensitivity to gum acacia with report of ten cases of asthma in printers. J Allergy 12:290
188. King JH (1941) Asthma and allergic rhinitis due to gum arabic in non offset spray. J Med 22:119
189. Ali BH, Ziada A, Blunden G (2009) Biological effects of gum arabic: a review of some recent research. Food Chem Toxicol 47(1):1-8
190. Fötisch K, Fäh J, Wüthrich B, Altmann F, Haustein D, Vieths S (1998) IgE antibodies specific for carbohydrates in a patient allergic to G.A. (Acacia senegal). Allergy 53:1043-1051
191. Sander I, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Wiemer K, Kespohl S, Brüning T, Merget R (2006) Sensitization due to gum arabic (Acacia senegal): the cause of occupational allergic asthma or crossreaction to carbohydrates? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 141(1):51-56
192. Lagier F, Cartier A, Somer J, Dolovich J, Malo JL (1990) Occupational asthma caused by guar gum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85(4):785-790
193. Kanerva L, Tupasela O, Jolanki R, Vaheri E, Estlander T, Keskinen H (1988) Occupational allergic rhinitis from guar gum. Clin Allergy 18(3):245-252
194. Papanikolaou I, Stenger R, Bessot JC, de Blay F, Pauli G (2007) Anaphylactic shock to guar gum (food additive E412) contained in a meal substitute. Allergy 62(7):822
195. Roesch A, Haegele T, Vogt T, Babilas P, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM (2005) Severe contact urticaria to guar gum included as gelling agent in a local anaesthetic. Contact Dermatitis 52(6):307-308
196. Lemière C, Cartier A, Malo JL, Lehrer SB (2000) Persistent specific bronchial reactivity to occupational agents in workers with normal nonspecific bronchial reactivity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162(3 Pt 1):976-980
197. Malo JL, Cartier A, Dolovich J (1990) Prevalence of occupational asthma and immunologic sensitization to guar gum among employees at a carpet manufacturing plant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 86:562-569
198. Savino F, Muratore MC, Silvestro L, Oggero R, Mostert M (1999) Allergy to carob gum in an infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 29:475-476
199. Alarcón E, del Pozo MD, Bartolomé B, Navarro B, Escudero R, Gonzalez I, Blasco A, Lobera T (2011) Urticaria and angioedema due to ingestion of carob gum: a case report. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 21(1):77-78
200. Komericki P, Kränke B (2009) Immediate hypersensitivity to carob pods. Contact Dermatitis 61(4):239-240
201. Scoditti A, Peluso P, Pezzuto R, Giordano T, Melica A (1996) Asthma to carob bean flour. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 77(1):81
202. Van der Brempt X, Ledent C, Mairesse M (1992) Rhinitis and asthma caused by occupational exposure to carob bean flour. J Allergy Clin Immunol 90(6 Pt 1):1008-1010
203. Bush RK (1990) Occupational asthma from vegetable gums. J Allergy Clin Immunol 86:443-444
204. JECFA (2011) Tragacanth gum. WHO Food Additives Series 20, http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v20je16.htm. Last accessed 12 Sep 2011
205. Strobel S, Ferguson A, Anderson DM (1986) Immunogenicity, immunological cross reactivity and non-specific irritant properties of the exudate gums, arabic, karaya and tragacanth. Food Addit Contam 3(1):47-56
206. Cohen AJ, Forse MS, Tarlo SM (1993) Occupational asthma caused by pectin inhalation during the manufacture of jam. Chest 103(1):309-311
207. Kraut A, Peng Z, Becker AB, Warren CP (1992) Christmas candy maker's asthma. IgG4-mediated pectin allergy. Chest 102(5):1605-1607
208. Ferdman RM, Ong PY, Church JA (2006) Pectin anaphylaxis and possible association with cashew allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 97(6):759-760
209. Nakazawa T (1983) Studies on agriculture and asthma (concerning primarily Konnyaku asthma). Jpn J Traumatol Occup Med 32:10-17
210. Shichijo K (1951) Research on konjac asthma (first report). Hokesekito Igaku 1:29-39
211. Bernstein JA, Crandall MS, Floyd R (2007) Respiratory sensitization of a food manufacturing worker to konjac glucomannan. J Asthma 44(8):675-680
212. Tajima S, Kon H, Oshikawa K, Bando M, Ohno S, Sugiyama Y (2003) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Konjak flour and powdered Hijikia fusiforme. Intern Med 42(9):846-849
213. Allen DH, Baker GJ (1981) Chinese restaurant asthma. [Letter]. N Engl J Med 278:796
214. Allen DH, Delohery J, Baker G (1987) Monosodium L-glutamate-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 80:530-537
215. Stevenson DD (2000) Monosodium glutamate and asthma. J Nutr 130:1067-1073
216. Moneret-Vautrin DA (1987) Monosodium glutamate-induced asthma: study of the potential risk of 30 asthmatics and review of the literature. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 19(1):29-35
217. Schwartzstein R, Kelleher M, Weinberger S, Weiss J, Drazen J (1987) Airway effects of monosodium glutamate in subjects with chronic stable asthma. J Asthma 24:167-172
218. Germano P, Cohen SG, Hahn B, Metcalfe DD (1991) An evaluation of clinical reactions to monosodium glutamate (MSG) in asthmatics, using a blinded placebo-controlled challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 87:177
219. Woods RK, Weiner JM, Thien F, Abramson M, Walters EH (1998) The effects of monosodium glutamate in adults with asthma who perceive themselves to be monosodium glutamate-intolerant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 101(6 Pt 1):762-771
220. Yang WH, Drouin MA, Herbert M, Mao Y, Karsh J (1997) The monosodium glutamate symptom complex: assessment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99(6 Pt 1):757-762
221. Woessner KM, Simon RA, Stevenson DD (1999) Monosodium glutamate sensitivity in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104(2 Pt 1):305-310
222. Williams AN, Woessner KM (2009) Monosodium glutamate 'allergy': menace or myth? Clin Exp Allergy 39(5):640-646
223. Geha RS, Beiser A, Ren C, Patterson R, Greenberger PA, Grammer LC, Ditto AM, Harris KE, Shaughnessy MA, Yarnold PR, Corren J, Saxon A (2000) Review of alleged reaction to monosodium glutamate and outcome of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Nutr 130(4S Suppl):1058-1062
224. Supramaniam G, Warner JO (1986) Artificial food additive intolerance in patients with angio-edema and urticaria. Lancet 2:907-909
225. Botey J, Cozzo M, Marin A, Eseverri JL (1988) Monosodium glutamate and skin pathology in pediatric allergology. Allergol Immunopathol (Madrid) 16:425-428
226. Simon RA (2000) Additive-induced urticaria: experience with monosodium glutamate (MSG). J Nutr 130(4S Suppl):1063S-1066S
227. Asero R (2002) Multiple intolerance to food additives [letter]. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110:531-532
228. Squire EN (1987) Angio-oedema and monosodium glutamate [letter]. Lancet 1:988
229. Asero R (2002) Food additives intolerance: a possible cause of perennial rhinitis [letter]. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110:937
230. Asero R, Bottazzi G (2007) Chronic rhinitis with nasal polyposis associated with sodium glutamate intolerance. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 144:159-161